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Energy Policies of IEA Countries Italy

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Energy Policies of IEA Countries Italy Energy Policies of IEA Countries Italy 2016 Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries Italy 2016 Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency’s aims include the following objectives: n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders. IEA member countries: Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Secure Greece Sustainable Hungary Together Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic © OECD/IEA, 2016 Spain International Energy Agency Sweden 9 rue de la Fédération Switzerland 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Turkey www.iea.org United Kingdom Please note that this publication United States is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The European Commission The terms and conditions are also participates in available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ the work of the IEA. Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................... 9 Executive summary ...................................................................................................................... 9 Reform of the electricity and natural gas sectors ......................................................................10 The National Energy Strategy ....................................................................................................12 Institutional arrangements ........................................................................................................12 PART I POLICY ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................15 2. GENERAL ENERGY POLICY......................................................................................................................17 Country overview .......................................................................................................................17 The economy ..............................................................................................................................18 Supply and demand ...................................................................................................................18 Institutions .................................................................................................................................22 Key policies .................................................................................................................................23 Energy taxation ..........................................................................................................................26 Energy security ...........................................................................................................................27 Assessment ................................................................................................................................29 Recommendations .....................................................................................................................31 3. CLIMATE CHANGE ..................................................................................................................................33 Overview ....................................................................................................................................33 Targets and objectives ...............................................................................................................33 Energy-related CO2 emissions ....................................................................................................34 Institutions .................................................................................................................................36 Projected emissions ...................................................................................................................37 The national policy framework ..................................................................................................39 Assessment ................................................................................................................................44 4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND DISTRICT HEATING .......................................................................................49 Energy efficiency overview ........................................................................................................49 Final energy use .........................................................................................................................49 Institutions .................................................................................................................................52 Energy efficiency policies and measures ...................................................................................53 Targets and progress ..................................................................................................................55 energy efficiency policies by sector ...........................................................................................56 District heating ...........................................................................................................................63 2016 OECD/IEA, 3 © Table of contents District heating technology and fuel sources ............................................................................65 Regulation of district heating .....................................................................................................68 ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................................................................71 PART II SECTOR ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................77 5. RENEWABLE ENERGY .............................................................................................................................79 Overview ....................................................................................................................................79 Supply and demand ...................................................................................................................79 Policy and institutional framework ............................................................................................81 Electricity from renewable sources ...........................................................................................82 Administrative and planning procedures ...................................................................................90 Grid access and connections ......................................................................................................91 Integration of variable renewables ............................................................................................92 Heating and cooling ...................................................................................................................92 Transport ....................................................................................................................................93 Assessment ................................................................................................................................94 Recommendations .....................................................................................................................96 6. ELECTRICITY ...........................................................................................................................................99 Overview ....................................................................................................................................99 Supply and demand ...................................................................................................................99 Institutions ...............................................................................................................................102 Market structure ......................................................................................................................103
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