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Research Methods in Linguistics Edited by Robert J Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01433-6 - Research Methods in Linguistics Edited by Robert J. Podesva and Devyani Sharma Index More information Index 1 Advancement Exclusiveness Law, 416 bit, 171 absolute amplitude, 379 block design, 119 acceptability judgment (also see grammaticality box plot, 298, 299, 330, 331 judgment), 6, 27–47, 68, 102–3, 126, 257, British National Corpus (BNC), 267, 272 307, 308, 320 broker, 201–2, 203 access, 19, 24, 65, 69, 76, 80, 99, 181, 193, 196, Brown Corpus, 264, 265, 266, 269, 270, 295 198, 199–200, 201–4, 224, 229, 239, 480, 500 Buckeye Corpus, 88, 273 acoustic analysis, 3, 5, 6, 58, 171, 289, 396 fricatives, 171, 302, 380, 389, 391, 392 CallHome American English Speech Corpus, 262 laterals, 394 carrier phrase, 88, 175 nasals, 389, 394 carryover effects, 120 place of articulation, 391–2 categorical context, 444 stops, 379–80, 389, 391, 392 categorical variable, 290, 307, 322, 324, 325, trills, 380–1, 389, 391, 392, 393 339, 431 vowels, 171, 376–9, 389, 390–1, 394 categorization, 398, 404, 405–6, 408, 410, 419 aerodynamic measures, 187–8 central tendency (also see mean, median, mode), 45, African American Vernacular English, 103, 446, 288, 295–8, 310, 328–35 471, 475, 476 children, 3, 17, 20–1, 89–90, 131, 394, 505 age, 17, 68, 75, 78, 79, 81, 89, 90, 98, 99, 104, 118, chi-squared test, 311–13, 327 121, 122, 123, 260, 261, 263, 271, 288, 349, CLAN, 249, 250 452, 496, 498, 499, 501, 502, 503, 507, 511 classification, 338, 361–7 age grading, 66, 502, 503, 505, 507, 508, 509 clipping, 172, 175 agent-based models, 430–1, 435 cluster analysis, 45, 321 air pressure, 187, 375, 376, 386 code-switching, 5–6, 29, 128, 456, 457 air sacs, 426, 427 collaborator, 13, 23, 211 alternative hypothesis, 317, 335, 398, 400, 402, collinearity, 348–9, 451 406, 418, 445 collocation, 222, 276–7, 444 analysis of variance (ANOVA), 339, 340, 341, 344 community (also see speech community, analysis window, 382, 390 community of practice), 5, 11, 13, 14, 16, anchor, 37 19–24, 51, 52, 58, 59, 74, 79, 109, 195, 196, annotation, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 180, 182, 209, 223, 199, 200, 201–4, 205, 210, 211, 213, 236, 496, 248–51, 259, 264–9, 277, 279, 335 500, 501, 502, 508, 511 anonymization, 14, 22, 24, 238, 253, 263 community artefacts, 211 apparent time, 496–9, 503, 506, 507, 511 community of practice, 81, 199 Archer Corpus, 85 compensation, 23 archiving data (also see data management), 69, 253 competence (also see performance), 12, 46, 47, 85, argumentation, 6, 421 216, 224, 225–7, 228, 455, 457, 497 association, 302–7, 310–13, 364, 366 compression, 171 autocorrelation, 382–3, 384 computational linguistics, 367, 422–39, 456, 457 average (see mean) computational models, 367, 422–39 concordance, 64, 222, 250, 277–8, 279, 280, 282 behavioral methods, 28, 30, 137–57 conditional inference trees, 364–6 between-subjects design, 106, 117–18, 121, 122 confidence interval, 323, 335, 345, 346 bilingualism, 29, 55, 106, 128, 237, 247, 313, 498 connectionist models, 433 519 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01433-6 - Research Methods in Linguistics Edited by Robert J. Podesva and Devyani Sharma Index More information 520 Index consent, 14–17, 20, 21, 24, 131, 207, 209 dependent variable (also see response, linguistic constraint hierarchy, 451 variable), 117, 119, 120, 122, 251, 303, 305, consultant (also see informant, native speaker), 5, 6, 320, 321, 322, 323, 325, 328, 331, 333, 362, 13, 51, 56, 178, 212 445, 450, 498 contextualization cue, 239, 469, 470, 471, 472, 474, descriptive statistics, 288–315 475, 476, 477 digital manipulation, 99, 107, 375 continuous variable, 289–90, 292, 294, 295, 297, digital signal processing, 170–2 298, 300, 307, 310, 339 digitization contrast, 404–8 audio, 173 convergent parallel design, 125 text, 222, 223, 251 conversation, 6, 51, 55, 62, 63, 66, 75, 96, 101, 105, direct approach (to time) (also see indirect 108, 111, 127, 176, 178, 179, 198, 222, 236, approach), 495, 496, 503, 511–12 243, 244, 249, 250, 259, 261, 262, 263, 271, discourse, 22, 62, 63, 127, 143, 158, 169, 176, 197, 273, 462, 468–9 212, 218, 236, 242–6, 270, 398, 422, 460–93 Conversation Analysis, 55, 242–6, 468–9 discourse analysis, 169, 243, 246, 460–93 corpus, 222–4, 257–87 dispersion, 276, 298–300, 308, 309, 310, 322 analysis of, 5, 6, 29, 126, 127, 222, 226, 227, Distributed Morphology, 456 274–83, 316, 327, 398, 433 distribution, 43, 288, 290–5, 296, 297, 298, 299, balanced, 258 300, 301, 302, 306, 307, 309, 316, 319, 320, machine-readable, 258 322, 344, 348, 444 multimodal, 268 distribution, linguistic, 5, 404–8 representative, 221, 258 dummy coding, 340, 341, 344, 350, 363 size, 29, 88, 239, 259, 270 Dundee Corpus, 144 types, 63, 66, 85, 169, 220, 221, 222, 224, duration, 138, 337, 376, 378–9 274, 349 Corpus of Contemporary American English Early ME Corpus, 225 (COCA), 273 ELAN, 249–50, 268 Corpus of Early English Correspondences, 221 electroglottography (EGG), 187 Corpus of Historical American English electromagnetic midsagittal articulometry (COHA), 273 (EMMA), 191, 192 corrected mean, 451 (also see input) electromyography (EMG), 193 correlation, 303–7, 310, 317, 322, 326, 351, 352, elicitation, 2, 3, 5, 6, 30, 57, 59–68, 88, 99–107, 354, 454–5 127, 128, 179, 210 Kendall’s tau, 306, 307 direct, 99–102 Pearson’s r, 306, 454 indirect, 100, 101–2, 103–4, 104–7 Spearman’s rho, 306, 307, 454 limitations, 66, 102–3 counterbalancing, 120 questionnaire-driven, 59–62 complete, 120 text-driven, 63–4, 66 partial, 120 embedded design, 125 courtroom discourse, 461–84 emic, 79, 196, 502 Critical Discourse Analysis, 461, 483–4 endoscopy, 188–9 cross-fertilization, 1–2, 4–5, 6–7, 66, 84–5, 91, 169, envelope of variation (also see variable context), 442 193, 197, 254, 375, 422, 458, 460, 484, 497 ERP, 157–60 cross-sectional study, 90, 495–7, 500, 506, 508, 512 ethics, 5, 6, 11–26, 90, 131, 182, 198–9, 201, cross-tabulation, 288, 311 209, 238 ethnography, 2, 5, 15, 16, 20, 23, 79–80, 81, 86, data analysis, 4, 7, 373, 498–8 195–215, 470, 471, 475 data collection, 3–4, 7, 9, 180, 232 etic, 79, 80, 196 multi-wave, 498, 504, 505 evolution of speech, 423, 429 one-wave, 498, 504 example research projects, 5–6 data gaps, 225, 228–9 experimental designs data management, 24–5, 64–5, 68–9, 180, 209, between-subjects (see between-subjects design) 251, 268 convergent parallel (see convergent parallel data processing, 4, 7, 233 design) deception, 15–16 embedded (see embedded design) demographic information, 90, 98, 99, 104, 108, 111, factorial (see factorial design) 199, 237, 260 Latin squares (see Latin squares) © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01433-6 - Research Methods in Linguistics Edited by Robert J. Podesva and Devyani Sharma Index More information Index 521 mixed (see mixed design) GoldVarb, 449, 450 pretest-posttest (see pretest-posttest design) goodness-of-fit, 313, 320, 324, 325, 347, 352, switching replications (see switching replications 357, 453 design) gradience, 46–7, 88, 197 time-series (see time-series design) grammars within-subjects (see within-subjects design) descriptive, 51, 52, 55, 66, 70, 221 expert participant, 42, 111 sketch, 55 explanatory models, 424, 425, 427, 428, 436 grammatical description, 51, 59–66 extraneous variables, 116, 120, 124 grammaticality judgment (also see acceptability eye dialect, 240 judgment), 27, 60, 96, 97, 117, 118, 130, 322 eye movements, 142–3 eye-tracking, 135, 141, 143, 145, 154, 155, 181 harmonic, 387, 388, 389 Heritage Language Variation and Change (HLVC) factor analysis, 321, 455 project, 237, 250, 251, 252 factor group (also see independent variable, histogram, 288, 292, 293, 294, 296, 298, 299, predictors), 445–54 307, 333 coding, 447–9, 450 historical linguistics, 97, 98, 193, 216–32, 258, 273, operationalization, 446–7 425, 436, 440, 494–518 factor weight, 450, 451 historical sociolinguistics, 221–2 factorial design, 38, 121–3 hypercorrection, 211 factors, 338 hypothesis testing, 319, 320 field notes, 55, 68, 206–7 field session, 56, 61, 64 ideology, language, 12, 478, 483, 484 fieldwork, 5, 19, 20, 23, 51–73, 76, 79, 80, 86, 98, implicational scale, 313 179, 184, 195–215, 471 independent variable (also see predictors, factor Fieldworks Language Explorer (FLEx), 65, 250 group), 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, first language acquisition, 6, 17, 29, 67, 83, 90, 126, 290, 305, 307, 320, 321, 325, 328, 329, 331, 127, 131, 153, 169, 193, 249, 257, 280, 422, 333, 336, 338, 440, 450, 451, 453, 454, 498, 430, 432, 434, 440, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498 499 Fisher-Yates exact test, 277, 327 indirect approach (to time) (also see direct fixed effect, 123, 453, 454 approach), 496, 497, 500, 512 fMRI, 16, 126, 161 informant (also see consultant, native speaker), 13, footing, 472 82, 196, 200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 211, 212 forced-choice task, 31–2, 325 input (also see corrected mean), 451, 457 formant, 177, 289, 293, 298, 302, 304, 377, 378, institutional review board, 14, 17, 18–19, 200 379, 390, 391, 394, 395 institutional talk, 464 transitions, 392 instructions, 36–7, 131, 137, 211, 447–9 formant tracks, 394, 395 intensity, 375, 379, 385 frame analysis, 470 intensity curve, 384–6 framework, 54, 81, 87, 242, 316, 399, 401, 409, interaction, statistical, 78, 121, 320, 321, 338, 416, 417, 420, 423, 434, 446, 456, 479 341, 342, 343, 345, 347, 359, 361, 364, 366, Freiburg Brown Corpus (FROWN), 270 452, 453 Freiburg LOB Corpus (FLOB), 270 Interactional Sociolinguistics,
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