4548 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1979

GREEN, Mr. LEACH of Louisiana, and Mr. COURTER, Mr. DELLUMS, Mr. DIXON, Mr. DoN­ Mr. GRISHAM, Mr. HEFTEL, Mr. HOLLAND, Mr. TAUKE. NELLY, Mr. DOUGHERTY, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. HORTON, Mr. LEVITAS, Mr. LLOYD, Mr. LONG H .R. 1297 : Mr. DERRICK. DRINAN, Mr. EVANS of the Virgin Islands, Of Maryland, Mr. MADIGAN, Mr. MATHIS, Mr. H.R. 1324: Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. SIMON, Mr. Mr. FAZIO, Mr. FASCELL, Mrs. FENWICK, Ms. MATSUI, Mr. MOFFEIT, Mr. PANETTA, Mr. PRITCHARD, Mr. LAFALCE , Mr. H ORTON , Mr. FERRARO, Mr. FISH, Mr. FLOOD, Mr. FORD Of PASHAYAN, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. RODINO, Mr. HEFTEL, Mr. NEDZI, Mr. GREEN, Mr. UDALL , Michigan, Mr. FORSYTHE, Mr. GARCIA , Mr. THOMAS, Mr. VENro, Mr. YOUNG Of Missouri, Mr. D'AMOURS, Mr. MAVROULES, Mr. MITCHELL GAYD OS, Mr. GILMAN, Mr. GREEN, Mr. GUAR­ and Mr. EVANS of Georgia. of Maryland, Mr. DIGGS , Mr. OTTINGER , Mr. INI, Mr. HANLEY, Mr. HARRIS, Mr. HAWKINS, H .J . Res. 74: Mr. ANNUNZIO, Mr. ASHBROOK, SABO, Mr. WALKER, Mr. MILLER of California, Mr. HOLLENBECK, Ms. HOLTZMAN, Mr. HOWARD, Mr. BOWEN, Mr. ROBERT W. DANIEL, Jr., Mr. Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. ROSE, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. Mr. HUTTO, Mr. JENRETTE, Mr. KEMP, Mr. Ko­ DANNEMEYER, Mr. FITHIAN, Mr. HINSON, Mr. WoLPE, Mr. STARK, Mr. PRICE, Mr. RoE, Mr. GO VSEK, Mr. KOSTMAYER, Mr. LEDERER, Mr. JEFFRIES, Mr. KINDNESS, Mr. MOLLOHAN, Ms. PANETTA , and Mr. LEACH of Louisiana. LEHMAN, Mr. LELAND, Mr. LENT, Mr. LOWRY, 0AKAR, Mr. SNYDER, Mr. STUMP, Mr. WINN, H .R. 1509: Mr. HAGEDORN, Mr. KINDNESS, Mr. MARKS, Mr. MATSUI, Mr. MAVROULES, Ms. Mr. YOUNG of Florida, and Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee. Mr. RINALDO, Mr. JEFFRIES, Mr. FORSYTHE, Mr. MIKULSKI, Mr. MIKVA, Mr. MILLER of Cali­ ATKINSON, Mr. DAN DANIEL, Mr. LAFALCE, Mr. fornia, Mr. MINETA, Mr. MINISH, Mr. MITCHELL H.J. Res. 86: Mr. MOTTL, Mr. KELLY, Mrs. PATTEN, Mrs. HOLT, Mr. LAGOMARSINO, Mr. of New York, Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, Mr. HOLT, Mr. CORCORAN, Mr. DANNEMEYER, Mr. JACOBs, Mr. HALL of Texas, Mr. RoussELOT. Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. MOFFETT, Mr. MURPHY of Penn­ GINGRICH, Mr. BUCHANAN, Mr. LEACH of Lou­ FROST, Mr. TRAXLER, Mr. STANGELAND, Mr. sylvania, Mr. MYERS of Pennsylvania, Mr. isiana, Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee, and Mr. DORNAN. GAYDOS, Mr. CHAPPELL, Mr. GRISHAM, Mr. NOLAN, Mr. NOWAK, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. PATTEN, EVANS Of Georgia, Mr. VENTO, Mr. MILLER Of Mr. PEPPER, Mr. RAILSBACK, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. H.J. Res. 213: Mr. COLLINS of Texas, Mr. Ohio, and Mr. MATTOX. RATCHFORD, Mr. RODINO, Mr. RoE. Mr. ROSEN­ DAVIS Of South Carolina, Mr. DEVINE, Mr. H.R. 1511: Mr. YOUNG of Florida, Mr. THAL, Mr. ROYBAL, Mr. SCHEUER, Mrs. SCHROE­ DORNAN, Mr. DUNCAN Of Tennessee, Mr. EVANS SOLOMON, Mr. LAGOMARSINO, Mr. HARSHA , Mr. DER, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. SHANNON, Mr. SIMON, of Georgia, Mr. GUYER, Mrs. HOLT, Mr. HUTTO, MILLER Of Ohio, Mr. WHITEHURST, Mr. KIND­ Mr. SOLARZ, Mrs. SPELLMAN, Mr. STAGGERS, Mr. LOTT, Mr. LUJAN, Mr. MCKAY, Mr. SLACK, NESS , and Mr. LOTT. Mr. STARK, Mr. STOKES, Mr. THOMPSON, Mr. Mr. CHARLES WILSON of Texas, Mr. WON PAT, and Mr. YATRON. H.R. 1603: Mr. ANTHONY, Mr. ENGLISH, and WAXMAN, Mr. WEISS, Mr. WOLFF, Mr. YATRON, Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. YOUNG of Florida, Mr. ZEFERETTI, Mr. H .J. Res. 229; Mr. ABDNOR, Mr. ARCHER, Mr. H.R. 1608: Mr. BROWN of California, and McCLOSKEY, Mr. M cEwEN, Mr. CLINGER, Mr. BOWEN, Mr. BREAUX, Mr. BROWN of Ohio, Mr. Mr. GRAMM. EDWARDs of California, and Mr. GRAY. BROYHILL, Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. COLLINS of H.R. 1650: Mr. DRYNAN, Mr. JoNES of H .R. 2153: Mr. FITHIAN, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. Texas, Mr. DAN DANIEL, Mr. DORNAN, Mr. Tennessee, Mr. STANGELAND, Mr. RoE, Mr. WINN, Mr. MILLER of California, Mr. PANETTA, ERLENBORN, Mr. FINDLEY, Mr. FLOOD, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. ERDAHL, Mr. LEATH Of Texas, Mr. MINETA, Mr. KOGOVSEK , Mr. MIKVA, Mr. FRENZEL, Mr. FUQUA, Mr. GINN, Mr. GORE, Mr. Mr. PRICE, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. PERKINS, Mr. BONIOR of Michigan, Mr. HUGHES, Mr. GRADISON, Mr. HALL of Texas, Mrs. HOLT, Mr. GILMAN, Mr. BUCHANAN, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. Dowr=EY, Mr. WEAVER, Mr. VAN DEERLIN, Mr. HORTON, Mr. JoHNSON of Colorado, Mr. LAGO­ MAGUmE, Mr. HAGEDORN, Mr. MITCHELL Of SCHEUER, Mr. BRINKLEY, Mr. UDALL, Mr. MARSINO, Mr. LLOYD, Mr. LOTT, Mr. Mc­ Maryland, Mr. PATTERSON, Mr. SABO, Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. PATTERSON, Mr. DONALD, Mr. MCHUGH, Mr. MONTGOMERY, Mr. HORTON, Mr. GREEN, Mr. CORCORAN, Mr. EVANS of Georgia, Mr. LAFALCE, and Mr. MURPHY of Pennsylvania, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. MADIGAN, and Mrs. SPELLMAN. VENTO. RoussELOT, Mr. SEBELIUS, Mr. STUMP, Mr. H.R. 1735: Mr. MURPHY of Pennsylvania. H.R. 2191: Mr. BARNES, Mr. DELLUMS, and VAN DEERLIN, Mr. VANDER JAGT, Mr. WAMPLER, H .R . 1855: Mr. COLLINS of Texas, Mr. Mr. Russo. Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. WHITEHURST, Mr. CHARLES WHITEHURST, and Mr. DORNAN. H .R. 2226: Mr. JEFFORDS. WILSON of Texas, and Mr. WINN. H .R. 1856: Mr. DORNAN. H .R . 2291: Mr. BROWN of Ohio, Mr. Bu­ H. Con. Res. 54: Mr. MINETA, Mrs. HOLT, Mr. MIKVA, and Mr. BLANCHARD. H.R. 1906: Mr. STUDDS, Mr. EMERY, Mr. CHANAN, Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. CONABLE , Mr. LoTT, Mr. HOWARD, Mr. CLAUSEN, Mr. ROE, DOUGHERTY, Mr. ERDAHL, Mr. GREEN, Mr. HOR­ H. Res. 105: Mr. KOGOVSEK, Mr. CAVANAUGH, Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, and Mr. JENRETTE. Mr. HUGHES, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. WEAVER, and TON, Mr. LAGOMARSINO , Mr. LEE, Mr. LENT, Mr. Mr. MOAKLEY. McEWEN, Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, Mr. MURPHY of Pennsylvania, Mr. PATTEN, Mr. H .R. 1910: Mr. ANDREws of North Dakota., RAHALL, Mr. RANGEL , Mr. ROE, Mr. WEISS, Mr. AMENDMENTS Mr. ERTEL, Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. McHuGH, Mr. WHITEHURST, Mr. WINN, and Mr. ZEFERETTI. SABO, Mr. FITHIAN, Mr. WOLPE, Mr. BINGHAM, H.R. 2544: Mr. KINDNESS. Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, pro­ Mr. PANETTA, Mr. TRAXLER, and Mr. WEAVER. H.R. 2647: Mr. GEPHARDT, Mr. JENRETTE, posed amendments were submitted as H.R. 1958: Mr. MARRIOTT, Mr. MILLER of Mr. FITHIAN, and Mr. DASCHLE. follows: Ohio, Mr. YOUNG of Florida, Mr. LAGOMAR­ H .R. 2648: Mr. GEPHARDT, Mr. JENRETTE, H.R. 2479 SINO, Mr. COLLINS of Texas, Mr. LOTT, and Mr. FITHIAN, Mr. EvANS Of Georgia, and Mr. By Mr. SYMMS: Mr. DORNAN. DASCHLE. -Page 5, line 16, add the following immedi­ H.R. 2126: Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. ANDERSON of H.J. Res. 49 : Mr. DORNAN. ately after the period: "The President shall California. Mr. BAILEY, Mr. BARNES, Mr. BI­ H .J. Res. 69: Mr. ALBOSTA, Mr. ANDERSON make every effort to reach an agreement with AGGI, Mr. BINGHAM, Mrs. BOUQUARD, Mr. BRAD­ Of California, Mr. BEILENSON, Mr. BEVILL, Taiwan to assure that the facilities used by EMAS, Mr. BRODHEAD, Mr. BROOMFIELD, Mr. Mr. BRODHEAD, Mr. CAMPBELL, Mr. CARTER, such inc:;trumentality to conduct its affairs BROWN Of California; Mr. JOHN L. BURTON, Mr. CHENEY, Mr. CoELHo, Yr. CC'RR .. DA, Mr. in the United States be at or near the loca­ Mr. PHILLIP BURTON, Mr. CARR, Mrs. CHIS­ DANNEMEYER, Mr. DERRICK, Mr. DIXON, Mr. tions of the consular establishments of Tal­ HOLM, Mr. CLAY, Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois, DowNEY, Mr. DuNcAN of Tennessee, Mr. wan in the United States existing on Decem­ Mr. CONTE, Mr. CONYERS, Mr. CORRADA, Mr. ERDAHL, Mr. FAZIO, Mr. FLooD, Mr. FRoST, ber 31. 1978."

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MEDIA OWNERSffiP Department's opinion on why media con­ your Department's opinion on why media glomerates have escaped antitrust en­ conglomerates have not fallen under anti­ forcement under present law. I also asked trust enforcement by the Justice Department HON. LARRY PRESSLER the Attorney General for the antitrust under present law. When I do introduce leg­ OF SOUTH DAKOTA islation this spring, I would like to place in intentions of the Justice Department the Congressional Record the anti-trust in­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES with regard to some of the national tentions of your Department with regard to Thursday, March 8, 1979 media conglomerates. I submit the cor­ such conglomerates as CBS; Times, Inc.; Dow respondence for printing in the RECORD. Jone.<-.' Knight-Ridder; Gulf and Western; e Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, I have Here follows my letter to the Justice Gannett; Newhouse; Scripps-Howard; and been very concerned about the increasing others. These are examples of media conglom­ concentration of media ownership in this Department and the response: erates that are nearly pure monopolies in our country. This concentration is a potential Washington, D.C., December 22, 1978. society. Not only do they publish huge chains threat to our free press rights. I have in­ Hon. GRIFFIN BELL, of newspapers, but they also have cross-own­ Attorney General of the United. States, ership of other media outlets-including troduced legislation this year to address Department of Justice, polling firms, boo'<: distribution networks, the entire question of media competition Washington, D.C. pulp mills, timber land, record distribution and I shall be introducing more. DEAR MR. BELL: My staff and T are drafting groups, life insurance and casualty com­ Late last year, I wrote Attorney Gen­ possible legislation to amend the anti-trust panies, and other activities that are not eral Griffin Bell asking for the Justice laws to include media monopolies. I request necessarily directly related to publishing.

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. March 8, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4549 The types of monopolies these media con­ plications of permitting a few persons to con­ interest in the enforcement of the anti­ trust laws is greatly appreciated. glomerates represent l ncl ude: trol several media sources. Those concerns carry special weight wnen, as here, ccncen­ Sincerely yours, (1) Territorial Monopolies. The media mo­ tration may be reflected in a reduction in the JOHN H. SHENEFIELD, nopolies are a purer form of monopoly than diversity of opinion or the vigor of First Assistant Attorney General, some other business monopolies. Fo;r exam­ Amendment expression. Such specialized con­ Antitrust Divison.e ple, Ford and General Motors products com­ siderations have been ut111zed in other con­ pete directly in the same market--but we texts. For example, in the areas of television have allowed our chain newspapers a com­ and radio, as well as banking, Congress has LET'S SCRATCH THE CAT TALKS plete, pure monopoly in most of their respec­ enacted sta.tutes that restrict the degree to t! ve cities; which a single person or entity may own (2) Horizontal and Vertical Monopolies. large numbers of firms providing those serv­ HON. PAUL FINDLEY The First Amendment is being used to cover ices. I expect that these restrictions were not OF ILLINOIS a huge number of activities other than the founded solely upon economic considerations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES distribution of news. Indeed, news distribu­ of concentration, but reflect also the notion tion-as compared to advertising distribu­ that single ownership of several such firms is Thursday, March 8, 1979 tion-has come to represent only about one­ not in the public interest. It may be appro­ quarter to one-third of the business of many priate for the Congress to consider these con­ e Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the of these monopolies. cerns with regard to single ownership of United States should immediately termi­ (3) Pricing Monopolies. The media monop­ several newspapers as well. nate the conventional arms transfer olies have a pure pricing monopoly in that Beyond this, I can provide some specific talks Arrested at the site and But Carsey and his fellow GBI undercover charged with possession of marijuana with agent Mike Mason, who were responsible for Finally Carsey, armed with a shotgun he intent to distribute, and conspiracy to pos­ was handed upon boarding the "Mis Vicki," the trucks and security, were not worried told the other crewmen that he was going sess marijuana were: about their end of the smuggling operation. to walk into the woods to make a security Rudolph Peterson Robertson, 24, of Miami; What worried them was that the 50 law en­ David Lee Kelley, 18, of St. Petersburg, and check. forcement officers planning to raid the ship­ "I walked right up to our men, who his brother, Steven Jack Kelley of St. Peters­ ment on Wednesday had to move into place burg Beach; John Nell Noyes, 27, of Tampa; grabbed at me urutll somebody said, 'Hey, hurriedly, some from as far away as Atlanta, that's Carsey,' and I said, pointing toward Vladimir Fisher, 28, and Russell Franklin and set their trap quickly. One slip-up and Sirmons Jr., 27, both of St. Petersburg; the dock, 'There they are, go arrest those the undercover agents could kiss 14 months peop~e.'" Leonard Lee Waycaster, 33, Ashevllle, N.C.; of hard, painstaking work goodbye, and may­ James Edward McNealey, 22, Forest Hllls, With that, the raid was on, Pollee fired a N.Y.; and Britt Girard, described by GBI be their lives too. flare, barked into bullhorns, and it was an agents as in his 20s and believed to be from But by 5 p.m., the lawmen reached the over in a matter of minutes. The smugglers South America. landing site and soon set up a command were armed, one of them with an AR-15, the Arrested and charged a short time later post at Shellbine under the direction of Paul civilian version of the M-16 rifle, but they at a motel on U.S. 95 near the Glynn-Cam­ Carter, 32, head of the Major Violators Squad did not resist. Not a shot was fired. Two den county line was John Raymond Swital­ of the GBI's Controlled Substances Section; men-James E. McNealy of Forest H1lls, N.Y., ski, 28, of Three Rivers, Mich. a monitoring station at nearby Harrietts believed by authorities to be Byron Weaver's All the suspects were indicted later in the Bluff; and a 20-man ground crew. In addi­ coordinator for the operation, and Britt C. day by a Camden County grand jury, and tion, a spotter plane and three boats as Girard of St. Petersburg-jumped into the Superior Court Judge William R. Killian set backup forces were deployed. creek when the raid began, but they quickly bonds for them of $250,000 each. W. J. Padgett, 37, a former Cobb County rued such rashness and were glad to be Mike Mason does not feel in the least sorry policeman who lives in College Park, was in pulled from the cold water, lawmen said. for his former compatriots in crime, who if charge of the ground activities and sent his "There was no escape," said Tom McGreevy, convicted face sentences of one to 10 years men, four teams of five each, into the woods GBI director of enforcement. "We had them in prison. Slumped in a chair in the office to form a semi-circle around the dock. Armed cut off on all sides, and we had the man­ of Camden County Sheriff Jimmy Middle­ with semi-automatic 30.06 rifles with scopes, power and were well-armed. The whole idea ton, he laughed at the suggestion that his 12-gauge pump shotguns, .357 magnums and in something like this is to discourage the conscience might hurt .1ust a little. .38s, they were prepared for just about any­ notion that resistance can be successful." "Not a bit," he said, "They knew what they thing but the weather. Confiscated in the raid or soon after, in were getting into and the consequences if addition to the marijuana, an assortment of they got caught." "As the night grew darker, the cold came arms and two long-distance radios, were the Carsey, Mason's fellow undercover agent, on stronger," said Padgett, who suffered in shrimp boat, belonging to Weaver, who was said he felt "no guilt" for having lured the spite of his thermal underwear, two pairs of not yet apprehended; "Teaser Too" and a new men into capture, "but I do feel compassion socks, boots, stocking cap, insulated flight 27-foot cabin cruiser docked at the St. for them. That's the bad part of working jacket and insulated camoufiage flight suit. Mary's Marina for use, officials believe, as a. undercover that long: You get to know them The temperature never reached freezing, backup off-load vessel, legal owners not yet too well." dipping only to about 40, but the hurried known, a pickup truck and a 1976 Chevrolet Both men are ready for a respite from preparations for the raid left many of the four-wheel drive vehicle with a camper shell, undercover work. Mason would like to get 50 lawmen illprepared for a January night both belonging to Russell Sirmons of St. out of it altogether. "It's gettin' kinda old," in the woods and marshes of the Georgia Petersburg; a 10-wheel truck that had been he said. coast, and the nine-hour vigil took its toll. sta.shed in the woods since March, legal owner March 8, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4559 unknown; the trailer, bought last week in 'Mis Vicki' captain radioed that he was com­ in the Ukraine, a policy inaugurated by Jacksonville by Weaver for $11,000 cash but ing in to dock) and checked our phones." the Tsars and continued under the Com­ registered in Mason's name; and the tractor, Weaver was being tailed that day by law­ munist regime. bought in November, also registered to Mason men who say he was "all over the county." However, Shevchenko's heroic struggle and bearing the fictitious name, "Dixie Prod­ They lost him that night, but the following uce," with a Peachtree Street address. day, agents of the Florida Department of in defense of Ukranian independence Padgett, who gave the rundown of confis­ Criminal Law Enforcement, learning that will remain forever a source of inspira­ cated vehicles, laughed and said, "We all got some of the suspects were st111 at large, be­ tion and strength for new generations o. kick ourt of that; you know how many prod­ gan checking the registers and license plates of Ukranians and freedom-loving peo­ uce companies are on Peach tree Street in at Jacksonville hotels. ples in their struggle to free their native Atlanta." He was arrested shortly after noon, along land from oppressive rule. Taras Shev­ The marijuana, which was baled in bur­ with two companions who were also suspects, chenko has become a national prophet, lap or cardboard, or wrapped in plastic and Carol Caronne, 27, o! St. Petersburg (also and a symbol of the dreams and aspira­ tied with twine, was buried Wejnesday on known as Carol Carrone Farmer and Carol the property on which it was seized, Sheriff Lorraine Curry of Anna Maria, Fla.) , and tions, and the ideals and hopes of the Middleton said. Samples were kept, and pho­ Ph111p Dwyer McAvoy, 32, of Muskegon, Mich. Ukranian people.• tographs made of the haul, for use as evi­ GBI agents said Ms. Carrone was "deeply in­ dence when the cases come to trial. Some of volved" in the smuggling operation and that the marijuana had gotten wet, testifying McAvoy is suspected of being a large mari­ to the rough return voyage of the "Mis juana distributor in the Florida area. END IDI AMIN'S REIGN OF TERROR Vicki," which ran in 30-foot seas just about The three were held in the Duval County all the way back, said Corf:ey. He and Mason Jail, pending extradition to Georgia, but believe that is why the ship's captain, iden­ Sheriff Middleton said they were expected to HON. DONALD J. PEASE tified by Corsey as John Neil Noyes of Tampa, post bond later in the week. They have re­ OF OHIO fused to waive extradition, and the GBI said was so adamant about coming in as soon as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he reached St. Andrews Sound. it would initiate proceedings to get them When Corsey got aboard the "Mis Vicki," brought to Camden County, where they were Thursday, March 8, 1979 he said, Noyes told him, "I'll explain later, indicted last Tuesday on charges o! con­ just trust my judgment," something Corsey spiracy to possess marijuana with intent to • Mr. PEASE. Mr. Speg.ker, while much was more than willing to do. distribute. of our attention is riveted upon events "I never did get to hear his explanation," Confiscated and being held by Sheriff Mid­ in the Middle East, we ought to take time said Corsey, sm111ng. dleton were a 1973 Lincoln Continental that to reflect upon the on-going struggle of Mason, who is 5-feet-9, heavy-set, with a Miss Carrone was driving-"Registered to the Ugandan people to put an end to Idi mop of curly, disheveled,. hair, a moustache someone not connected with the case, or Amin's reign of terror and to regain con­ and a ruddy complexion, is the ideal under­ an alias," said Padgett-and a new Porsche, costing $40,404.74 and owned by Weaver, who trol over their own destiny. cover man: He simply doesn't look the part, To date, it ha.s been U.S. policy to take and he is highly motivated to outslick the was described as a race car buff. slick. Padgett said the Porsche could be sold at a "hands oti" approach toward the fight­ "It's a challenge to see if you can go out auction by the sheriff, but he added, "You ing going on inside Ugand9. between there and catch 'em," he said. "They all watch: A lien that's not really a lien will Amin's mercenaries and a force com­ think they're so super-smart and can out­ show up and Weaver will get that car back." prised of Ugandan exiles, dissident Ugan­ wit the police." Mason, who says he met Weaver several dan soldiers, and Tanzanian troops seek­ Asked about the danger of detection, he times and visited his home, described the ing to topple Amin's genocidal regime. said. "I get nervous in an interview, but not alleged smuggling kingpin as "a man who is This is a wise course and I hope it will on the job. Don't bother me at all. TheEe peo­ all business. He's quiet, not flashy, doesn't continue to be U.S. policy. While the ple we just caught can get one to 10; why throw wild parties. He loves cars, otherwise murder me and get life or the chair? They're he's all business." American people no doubt identify with smart, and that doesn't add up." That fits Paul Carter's description of the the struggle of the Ugand9.n people to Compared to Mason's uncomplicated out­ drug traffic in Georgia. "Smuggling is big free themselves from the tyranny they look on undercover work, Corsey's sounds business now," said Carter, a political science have endured for more than 8 years, it downright mystical. "It's like walking a tight­ graduate of West Georgia College who "got remains the task of the Ugandans to oust rope," he said. "Getting to the other side is hooked" on police work during summer jobs Amin. At long last, there is some hope the object, but the thrill is while you're out at the police station in Cedartown, his home­ that Amin will meet his day of reckoning. on that rope and it is swaying.'" town. However, just at this critical juncture Both men said their wives are supportive All o! the GBI agents interviewed said when it is possible to envision the day of their work, though for the past year nei­ they had never smoked pot. But some of ther Mason nor Corsey got home more fre­ them expressed a grudging respect for pot when the world would be rid of Amin, quently than every other weekend. smugglers. "They respect us and we respect Libya has seen fit to send troops and Mason said his wife, Lynn, was "accus­ them," said Padgett. "After that, it's just who mmtary equipment to rescue Amin. One tomed to it." Corsey said his wife Connie can slip 'n' slide the best." e can only wonder what justification Colo­ "has been very understanding." He added' nel Quaddafi can provide for Libya's in­ "Any police officer has to have a very dedi~ tervention. However, this much is clear. cated wife. If he doesn't, he doesn't stay IN COMMEMORATION OF TARAS Amin is .so thoroughly discredited and married very long." SHEVCHENKO'S BffiTHDAY Corsey, who has been married "12 or 13 hated by the Ugandan people that he years-! really don't know how long"---said must rely upon Libyan g.nd Palestinian that he was on a 13-day voyage to the Ba­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI support to save his neck. hamas (an abortive rendezvous, set up by OF ILLINOIS The role that Libya is playing in trying Weaver, Corsey said, with a freighter carrying to sustain Amin's hold on power is des­ 30 tons of port), "I spent my birthday and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES picable and deserving of universal in­ my anniversary on that boat, and my wife Thursday, March 8, 1979 had emergency surgery-all in 13 days." ternatioaal condemnation. Imagine my Corsey said there were countless times dur­ e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on dismay to learn th9.t at the very time ing the past 14 months when he was afraid March 10, we observe the anniversary of that Libya is airlifting troops and mili­ his and Mason's covers might be blown. the birth of Taras Shevchenko, the tary equipment into Uganda in a last­ "Mike used his real name the whole time Ukranian "poet laureate," who inspired ditch effort to prop up Amin's genocidal and they could have checked him out easily, a national spirit of independence in the regime, the U.S. State Department and but they didn't do it. Once, Mike had to people in the Ukraine and in Eastern the U.S. Commerce Department h9.ve ap­ testify at a trial, and his name appeared in proved the sale of Boeing aircraft to the Brunswick paper. 'Michael G. Mason, Europe. GBI agent.' We held our breath, but nothing Shevchenko's fame began with the Libya. happened. Too, somebody who knows you publication in 1840 of "Kobzar," a col­ Even if the aircraft to be delivered to can walk up to you on the street and blow lection of poems extolling freedom for Libya are for civilian use, now is hardly the whole thing." the Ukranian people. It was his poetrY. the time to go forward with such a com­ Asked to venture a guess as to why Weaver mitment. took him at face value and apparently did which inspired the Ukranian movement not check him out, Corsey said, "I came high­ for independence. Unfortunately, this Even if we have written assurances ly recommended. Byron's actually a really period of independence was brief, and from Colonel Quaddafi that these aircraft careful individual. He swept our apartment since that time, there has been no let-up will be used for the purposes specified in with a. bug detector Monday (the day the in the campaign of forced Russification the license application, there is some rea- 4560 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1979 son to doubt the inviolability of such JANUARY 26, 1979. This victory extends Dominican's win­ assurances. Hon. KURT-ARTHUR SCHWARTZE, ning streak to 48 conseerating five dr1lling rigs. much appreciate any consideration you This oil field involves some land in which Inight give the substance o! this letter. the United States Government owns mineral Yours sincerely, HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER JAMES B. WALLACE .• OF COLORADO rights and a portion of these Federal lands fall under tl'Je jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Service. The Department o! Interior, through Thursday, March 8, 1979 the Bureau of Land Management and the ROCKDALE APARTMENTS-A FOL­ United States Geological Survey, also claim LOWUP ON THE SCANDAL e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, we jurirsdiction over our operations in many in­ have been hearing with distressing reg­ stances. We have often found our!'elves in ularity reports of gasoline shortages and the circumstance where one Federal Agency HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS tightening supplies of industrial and asks that we pay royalty on gas produced, OF GEORGIA along with the oil, and which we are unable home heating fuels. The prospect of long to market because another Federal Agency IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lines at the gas pumps, curtailed produc­ (U.S. Forest Service) wlll not grant us a!>­ Thursday, March 8, 1979 tion, and increasing international ten­ proval to lay a pipeline to our well, which sion over scarce energy supplies is not would enable us to actually sell our gas. e Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, in the fall a pleasant one. So when I came across By and large the individuals we deal with of 1977, I called to the Members' atten­ a constituent letter which pinpoints representing the Government are reason- tion a public housing scandal of major March 8, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4569 proportions in Atlanta, Ga. This hous­ tlons, and visited the job site. His conclu­ the design architects optional certification ing project, the Rockdale Apartments, sions were reported on the appropriate HUD that plans and specifications are in accord was a HUD-insured project which had to form which reports the Contractor, the with loool codes and HUD minimum property Supervising Architect, delays or special oc­ standards in lieu of review by in-house pro­ be demolished less than 6 years after its currences, non-compliances, and labor pro­ fessionals was withdrawn. construction. visions. In addition, the inspector was asked Instructions were published reaffirming the In speeches to the House of Septem­ to express his opinion as to the durability of Department's requirement of complete con­ ber 19, 1977 (page 29902) and Septem­ materials and systems, and the design of the tract drawings and specifications prior to ber 29, 1977 (page 31670), I detailed project. He was also required to comment issuance of firm commitment. the nature of the problem and called for on change orders. Instructions were published withdrawing a Congressional investigation. The Regional Administrators listed 954 the architect's authority to make field projects as having reached 50% completion changes in plans and specifications without With the assistance and leadership of as of April 1, 1978. In reviewing this list, it prior HUD approval. our colleague Congressman THOMAS was found that a number of projects had Instructions were published requiring all "Lun" AsHLEY, chairman of the Housing been improperly included. They were elimi­ changes to contract documents to be re­ Subcommittee, we were able to bring the nated from the list if : ( 1) less than 50% viewed b y supervisory personnel. light of full Congressional and public complete; (2) finally endorsed; (3) hospitals; Instructions were issued reaffirming that scrutiny to this project. (4) Low Rent Public Housing; (5) completed all changes in plans and specifications must Hearings were held on February 22, or near completion for some time without have prior HUD approval and in those in­ 1978, and a report was issued entitled, endorsement (default, assignment, etc.) . stances where this requirement is violated, Of the projects remaining, 711 were ex­ insured advances to cover these portions of "The Construction and Demolition of amined. The inspectors were assigned the construction were ordered withheld. Guide­ the Rockdale Apartment Project, At­ proje::t s by Headquarters and the inspectors' lines for approving construction changes lanta, Ga." reports were returned directly to Headquar­ were amplified. The Department of Housing and Ur­ ters. They were reviewed upon receipt for Fee Multifamily Inspector panels have ban Development has responded to these compliance with the terms of the inspectors' been been established across the Nation to efforts and worked hard to institute new contracts and any identified serious con­ supplement staff inspectors where the work­ management procedures to keep future struction defects. load is excessive. similar catastrophes from happening in In 28 cases serious construction deficien­ We have recently published the new cies were identified by the inspectors. Tele­ "Standard Form of Agreement Between the future. They have also checked into grams were sent to the Regional Administra­ Owner and Architect for Housing Services" their ongoing housing projects to insure tors requesting immediate action and a full which we developed with the help of the that problems similar to those at Rock­ report on the action taken. Renlies received American Institute of Architects. This docu­ dale are nipped in the bud. in 21 cases indicated that the Field Office ment clearly identifies the scope of architec­ I hope these efforts have been thorough involved was aware of the defect and had tural services to be performed and the con­ and successful. In the light of past ex­ taken corrective action or that corrective tractual agreements being entered into. perience I am sure the Housing Sub­ action was taken upon notification. In the Instructions are being issued requiring the committee will be vigilant in continuing other 7 cases corrective action is undenya.y. use of this Owner-Architect Agreement with Copies of all inspection reports haue been a HUD Amendment containing the Warn­ to monitor this situation. sent to the Regional Offices for distribution ing against making false statements to the To bring the Members up-to-date, I to the appropriate Field Office. Where any U.S. Government. am inserting a follow-up letter from type of construction deficiency was identi­ We have developed a comprehensive Lawrence B. Simons, Assistant Secretary fied, corrective action was required if not screening system in the Previous Participa­ of HUD: already accomplished. tion Clearance for Architects. In this system, While the inspections were being made, prior to approval an Architect must reveal DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND previous participation in HUD programs as URBAN DEVELOPMENT, field monitoring reviews were conducted by Headquarters staff on 29 projects. These re­ a principal, as an associate, and as an em­ Washington, D .C., February 9, 1979. ployee of other architectural firms. Hon. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS, views were m,a,de to evaluate the work of the inspector. We have developed improved mechanics House of Representatives, and guidelines for expeditious removal of Washington, D.C. In addition to the projects reported as having reached at least 50% completion, the architects found to be performing in an un­ DEAR MR. LEVIT AS: This letter is a report satisfactory manner. on the Department's activities since our Regional Administrators also reported proj­ testimony before the Subcommittee on ects in any stage of development and man­ MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES Housing and Community Development last agement with alleged severe construction de­ As a part of ongoing Departmental efforts February concerning the Rockdale Apart­ fects. A detailed review is being made to to guarantee sound management of our proj­ ments in Atlanta. Since that time the De­ determine if these projects have possible ects, we have taken the following steps. partment has undertaken an on-going pro­ construction-related problems. Instructions were issued establishing a re­ gram of procedural changes to guarantee To provide for continuing review of any quirement for an annual on-site manage­ quality underwriting, construction super­ project which appears to have construction­ ment review of insured and assigned subsid­ vision, and project management. The pri­ related problems, we are contracting with ized projects and a triennial review of unsub­ mary conclusion resulting from our contin­ 12 highly qualified individuals. This team sidlzed projects. We have sent a new compre­ uing management efforts and our investi­ will first conduct site inspection trips to hensive management review format to the gation of Rockdale is that it was a unique selected projects with HUD Field Office em­ field offices to be used and tested in mak­ occurrence. ployees to reinforce the inspection skills of ing the required management reviews. The the HUD staff. This team wlll then be avail­ review format was developed with input Our testimony covered corrective measures able to make monitoring inspections of that had been taken, actions to be taken from several field offices, HUD contract con­ specified multifamily housing projects. sultants and the industry. in the near future, and the establishment The problems that were encountered in of an on-going program to avoid future sit­ The two-part management review format the Rockdi&.le project were caused by more and review questions were designed to: (1) uations similar to Rockdale Apartments. The than 1ust construction defects. Our analysis following is a description of our activities condition loan sel'vicers, project owners and revealed that there was clea,rly a need for management agents as to the type and quai­ in 1978. changes to be made in procedures and for CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION l ty of management services the Department project management initiatives to be taken. expects; (2) collect sufficient information to In order to identify other projects with CHANGES IN PRO ::EDURES document areas of nonperformance and pro­ possible serious construction defects, the The Department has made significant vide documentation for removing unsatis­ Regional Administrators were requested to factory management agents: (3) standardize report: changes in certain procedures to assure the construction and management of quality the reporting formats so that findings and (1) All projects which will have reached projects: evaluations can eventually be input into the 50% completion by April 1, 1978. Guidelines were established to identify Office of Loan Management System (OLMS) (2) Projects in any stage of development possible confiicts of interest on the part of and other automated data systems; (4) fac111- or management which have severe construc­ the design architect. tate preparation of a management plan for tion defects (telegram February 17, 1978). Instructions were issued reinforcing our correcting the deficiencies identified in the To perform the review of the projects un­ requirement for an independent supervising review; and (5) identify superior manage­ der construction, twenty-three (23) retired architect when a confiict of interest is found ment for possible incentive awards. HUD employees, architects and construction to exist. Work is proceeding with a contractor in analysts were placed under contract. They Instructions to the Field Offices were pub­ making the Office of Loan Management's data came to Washington for a one-day orienta­ lished which require direct HUD inspection system operational on the subsidized proj­ tion and to receive their first assignments. where an identity of interest exists between ects. The data system, which gives a detailed In reviewing a proje:::t, each inspector the owner and the contmctor. breakdown of project expenses for the latest examined the official drawings and specifica- The authority of the Field Offices to accept three-year period, is designed to set-up warn- 4570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1979 ing flags and highlight trends in the opera­ project, which expenses, though proper {..HA motion and other unproductive expenses to tion of the project. It will provide the mort­ expenses, should have been charged to other hold do .vn their overhead. gage servicer an invaluable tool both in projects. The investigation disclosed that al­ The California Hospital Association has meeting present problems of a project and though there was little improper conduct on estimated that satisfying government regu­ in being alerted to potential problems. the part of the LHA, it did raise serious ques­ latory requir~mcnts accounts for 10 to 12 Multifamily Skllls Reinforcement Train­ tions about the servicing of the project and percent of hospital costs, and California gets ing was provided to 1,018 HUD personnel in the monitoring of the LHA's development off easy. In some states, agencies at the city 31 sessions at 6 locations during the period program by HUD staff of the local area otikc. and county level are deeper into regulatory April 3-June 23, 1978. Multifamlly tech­ Although the investigation raised questions activity than they are in this State. nicians and their . immediate supervisors about the performance of two HUD statr in The New York Hospital Association figures attended the two and one-half (2¥2) day ses­ connection with their concurrence with the that federal, state and local regulations sions. The training emphasized the current LHA's recommendation to demolish the en­ translate into 25 percent of hospital charges and changed procedures as well as the tech­ tire project, it did not disclose any break­ billed in that state--or about $40 a day on nical skills and techniques necessary to down in the HUD management or systems. a. patient's bill. avoid unacceptable projects. Administrative action was taken to reas­ Most of these regulations are almed at In addition at a. two-day meeting of the sign one of the principal HUD employees r.t protecting the patient, and it is tempting to HUD Houstng Directors in our 40 Area. Of­ the local HUD Area Office to a non-super­ say that too much regulation is better than flees, the problems encountered in the Rock­ visory, non-managerial position; another too little where health and safety are con­ dale project were described in great detaU pr1nc1pa.l HUD employee retired. The con­ cerned. But that begs the question. and the Housing Directors' responsibility for cerns raised by the investigations were re­ There is no reason to assume that hospi­ quality design, construction and manage­ viewed by the appropriate HUD Regional Of­ tals are immune to the same virus of over­ ment was emphasized. flee and a.ddre~sed by that office. regulation that is a.ffilcting business and COMPLETED OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL IN­ In addition, we are monitoring our field industry. VESTIGATIONS RELATED TO THE ROCKDALE offices regarding the implementation of The Maryland Hospital Association in De­ APARTMENTS INVESTIGATION Rockdale related instructions and procedure:> cember released a. study on duplication of In response to initiatives which arose which have been developed during the past regulations which showed that its member from the Rockdale Apartments investigation, year. hospitals are complying with rules and the OIG conducted exhaustive reviews and/ In conclusion, we realize that no quality standards laid down by 61 state agencies and or investigations of eight multifamily proj­ control system is foolproof; but, we Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, hospital charges-he calls it "cost contain­ over 15,000 residents of the Second view. In two of the projects reviewed, there ment"-went sour in the 95th Congress, were no indications of improprieties which but the administration is reviving it in a Congressional District of Maryland have required further field investigation. In one new form this year. responded to my districtwide ques­ instance further field investigation was re­ Meanwhile, Gov. Brown wants to see a tionnaire. quired because of indications of possible 1m­ state program aimed at the same goal of As the three most irksome aspects of proprieties in the development and con­ keeping hospital bllls from rising, as they inflation, 79 percent name taxes, 65 per­ struction of the project. The field investiga­ have been-at twice the rate of inflation­ cent pick food pri-ces, and 50 percent tion did not, however, sustain any findings of in California, too. impropriety. Rather, initial failure to rent­ choose gas and oil prices. This promises a continuing debate on Over 92 percent feel the President's up led to extensive vandalism and subse­ whether government can regulate hospital quently to structural failure. No administra­ charges without jeopardizing the quality of voluntary limit on increases in wages tive sanctions were found to be warranted. care. Perhaps it also will draw attention to and prices should also apply to taxes on Of those projects involving Secretarial ap­ the neglected flipside of the issue, which is all levels, a pooition I have long urged. proval to demollsh, all were the subject of this: Comments on tax reforms- an in-depth file and document review. Only How much is government adding unneces­ Equalize the proportionate share for one required a field investigation. Allegedly, sarily to the cost of hospital care by over­ each taxpayer. The incentive to work is no rehabllltation had taken place although regulating hospitals in the first place? not there when higher income is eaten up the LHA had claimed $1.9 m1111on in expendi­ The fact that both the Congress and the tures to acquire and rehabilitate the project, by higher taxes. California Legislature are being asked to Stop IRS from penalizing us for being and HUD staff had apparently failed to prop­ tackle hospital "cost containment" 1s a married. erly review rehabilitation expenditures and symptom of the problem. Duplicating or cost overruns. overlapping regulations by state and federal I agree. I have just co-sponsored an The audit disclosed that the LHA had over­ agencies are one of the chief complaints SJmendment to remove tax inequities be­ stated development costs by improperly coming from hospital administrators who tween single and married taxpayers. charging expenses to the development of the are trying to eliminate paperwork, wasted I have long advocated fiscal prudence. March 8, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4571 As a senior member of the Appropria­ 3. 'l'o improve Baltimore's transportation, the larger towns and schedules that do tions Conunittee, I voted in the 95th should funds be spent on: not serve the needs. In percent Rural America needs Amtrak as much Congress for spending cuts totaling $66.5 a.. Light rail transportation along billion to reduce waste, fraud, and abuse. the existing five rail lines______34 as the population centers do, and it is I am sponsoring a constitutional amend­ b. Regular and frequent bus service the Federal Government's responsibility ment to require that the budget be bal­ on major avenues______28 to provide economical and energy­ anced and that appropriations not ex­ c. Bus service on the beltway a.nd efficient ground transportation to them. ceed revenues, except in war or other na­ major avenues______24 The Department of Transportation tional emergency. d. The proposed $6 blllion subway wants a fast route. Ours is the fastest Over 91 percent of respondents of all system ------14 diesel-powered train in America. The ages feel that persons living on social 4. Should President Carter's 7 % voluntary new and improved route shaped by Sec­ security should ·be allowed to earn extra limit on wage and price increases also apply retary Adams is limited to a 45-mile-an­ money without being penalized: to taxes, including state and local? Yes, 92%. hour maximum speed in many places and Please do something for us senior citizens. No. 8 %. as low as 20 miles-per-hour in others. We a.re human beings, too, who have con­ 5 . Should persons living on social security DOT wants more riders. But the pro­ tributed a lot. We worked hard for 40 years be allowed to earn extra money without be­ ing penalized? Yes, 9 %. No, 9 % . posed route to replace the Southwest but we a.re stlll sacrificing in our old Limited is 239 miles longer, meaning an age • • • . 6. Should President Carter have broken diplomatic relations with Taiwan as a. price additional5 hours of travel from Chicago In the 95th Congress, I voted to con­ of normalizing relations with Red China.? to Los Angeles. You do not need a calcu­ tinue existing service and employment Yes, 20%. No, 80% . lator to tell you ridership will decrease programs for the elderly, ombudsman 7. As a result, will other a.ll1es such a.s if the length of the trip increases. services for residents of long-term care Tsrael, Japan and Europe lose confidence in Mr. Speaker, in my district, rerouting facilities, and home delivered nutrition U.S. friendship? Yes, 62 %. No, 38%. the Amtrak system will mean the loss of 8 . Should the U.S. continue foreign aid to services; to provide new programs for countries that disregard human rights, waste $750,000 in payroll alone, not counting legal b .... rvices for the elderly; and to fund our aid, or divert it to the rich and well-to­ the many social inconveniences that can a White House Conference on Aging in do? Yes, 7 %. No, 93 %. never be measured in dollars and cents. 1981. I shall oppose cutting these appro­ 9. Should U.S. government agencies extend Finally, DOT has somehow forgotten priations during the 96th Congress. low-interest loans to foreign industries to mention safety in its report. The pres­ Turning to foreign policy, four out of whose products compete with those of U.S. ent route of the Southwest Limited, five voters think Presi~ent oarter should firms not eligible for domestic subsidies? maintained by Santa Fe Railroad, is al­ not have broken diplomatic relations Yes, 4 % . No, 96%.e ready equipped with the most modern with Taiwan as a price of normalizing safety features, including the automatic relations with the People's Republic of block system, train control system, and China. RURAL AMERICA ALSO NEEDS the automatic train stop system. The Over 93 percent of my constituents AMTRAK proposed new route has none of these agree that our foreign assistance dollars. features. should not go to countries that waste our The people in southern Colorado are aid, divert it to the rich and well-to-do, HON. RAY KOGOVSEK spread across many miles of rural land. or disregard human rights. OF COLORADO People have learned to count on Amtrak And over 96 percent oppose low-inter­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as their major source of long-distance transportation. est loans to foreign industries whose Thursday, March 8, 1979 products compete with U.S. firms not Two questions arise when talking about eligible for domestic subsidies. I'm for e Mr. KOGOVSEK. Mr. Speaker, the continued Amtrak service--energy and free enterprise. But free enterprise Department of Transportation's pro­ dollars. means no subsidies-none. Why should posal to slash the current Amtrak system The Department of Transportation we subsidize foreign competition that just does not make sense. knows that people will ride the trains hurts our own workers and industry, does In the 3 months I have been in Wash­ during an energy crisis. In its prelim­ nothing to help development in poor na­ ington, I have seen headlines that say inary report issued in May, DOT said: tions, and may actually widen the ga;p we will be paying $1 for a gallon of gaso­ It is clear that during the 1973-74 period between rich and poor? line, gas stations will be closed on Sun·· of reduced a.vallabllity of gasoline, people In reporting my poll, I strongly remind days to conserve fuel and during the rest turned to the train. It is also clear that a.n of the week, we may have to use ration­ unexpected surge in traffic wa.s accommo­ my constituents of political reality-spe­ dated by Amtrak. cial interest groups exert powerful pres­ ing coupons to buy gas for our cars. sure on Congressmen to vote spending Yet DOT and the Office of Manage­ That same report recommended reten­ programs. ment and Budget have delivered the one­ tion of the Southwest Limited and even To offset this, a constituency is needed two punch that will knock out Amtrak, proposed an additional route through that makes politicians more afraid to an energy-efficient and convenient trans­ Pueblo to Denver. Mysteriously, both vote for wasteful spending than for portation system. were dropped in the final recommenda­ economy. A perfect example of the lack of com­ tion to Congress, forcing continued use mon sense in DOT's proposal is in my of gas-guzzling automobiles. The questionnaire and results follow: district. The Southwest Limited is our The second question is dollars, and the SUMMARY OF 1979 QUESTIONNAIRE train. It travels from Chicago to Los answer is simple. The objective of Am­ (Second Congressional District of Maryland) Angeles, crossing seven Western States trak is not, and never has been, to make 1. Which of the following aspects of infla­ and serving more than 350,000 passen­ money. The goal is to provide a necessary tion do you find most irksome? (select three) gers annually. public service. In percent In southern Colorado, the Southwest Mr. Speaker, the people of Colorado a. Taxes ------79 b. Food prices______65 Limited passes through small and iso­ and the entire Southwest need the c. Gas and oil prices______50 lated communities whose residents are Southwest Limited. I urge my colleagues d. Government regulations and pa- forced to drive at least 100 miles to get to join me in disapproving the Depart­ per work______42 to a major city. Instead of driving, many ment of Transportation's recommenda­ e. Medical expenses______41 of the residents use Amtrak-providing tion. f. Rents ------12 The New York Times printed an edi­ g. Interest rates______10 the system with $2.06 in revenue per pas­ senger mile. That is the highest figure torial on February 24 which reflects my 2. Do you favor comprehensive national of any train in the national rail system. opinion of the Secretary of Transporta­ health care (including house calls, prescrip­ And yet, the route is recommended for tion's decision to cripple the American tions and dental work)? railroad, and cripple rural America: In percent cancellation, and rural Colorado will be a. Only 1! hospital costs and doctors left with no alternative but to drive, and LEFT HAND VS. RIGHT fees are brought under controL 51 drive on secondary roads and minor (By Tom Wicker) b . No______40 highways. The only other transportation The headline above first appeared over c. Whatever the costs______8 available is bus service, limited to only this column on July 9, 1975, but on nu- 4572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1979 merous occasions before and since it could tion system, as it is almost everywhere else could also open the radio compartment hatch have been used to make an apparently un­ in the world. and, with my feet tied inside, hang outside changing point: In the attempt to meet the As for energy efficiency, it's misleading to the aircraft and push the valves shut with a gathering energy crisis, the left hand of the base comparisons on the few lightly patron­ long steel rod. Administration (any Administration) usual­ ized trains running today. It's quite another At about three o'clock in the morning, we ly works against the right. thing to calculate energy efficiency on the were approaching Bahia California and ran At the moment, for example, Energy Sec­ basis of the potential ridership of a good into a severe storm, which we flew through. retary James Schlesinger is pondering the railroad system in an era of gasoline scarcity. Lightning struck the plane, shook it and effect of sharply diminished Iranian oil pro­ Even now, however, the Department of Trans­ filled it with bright light, but we weren't duction and rising OPEC prices, haNing portation has reported that Amtrak's Los hurt. in mind such steps as Sunday service sta­ Angeles-Seattle train, using heavy and out­ We landed in San Francisco Bay after 37 tion closings and strict observance of the moded equipment on a mountainous run, hours in the air, thereby setting two world's 55 m.p.h. speed limit. He has just predicted is 47 percent more fuel-efficient than an au­ recordc; of airline distance and broken line that by this summer gasoline supplies may tomobile making the same trip. distance for the United States and proving be down 5 to 8 percent and prices up 3 to No one would suggest such extremes as the XP3Y-1's capa,.b111ty for long-range 4 cents a gallon. banning automobiles or forcing people to flight. But President Carter has sent Congress ride trains. But surely it would be prudent a budget providing for an 8 percent increase for the Government to follow policies and Mr. Speaker, all of us having had the in highway construction obligations, up to make investments that over time-perhaps good fortune to know Commander Bolka a level of $8.6 billion. Yet, as his recent a decade-might cause a substantial shift of aro especi ':1lly proud of his accomplish­ maunderings about the need for car pools intercity traffic from private automobiles to ments both in and out of the service and suggest, he knows the automobile is the most energy-efficient trains. Mr. Adams' pollcy­ I appreciate the opportunity to call to proliferate energy waster in America, and cut service and raise fares--can only have the attention of my colleagues this dis­ nothing encourages use of automobiles like the opposite effect. tinguished gentleman.• the interstate highway system. Besides, despite present doubts, if the time At the same time, Secretary of Transpor­ ever comes when the need for a decent na­ tation Brock Adams, as if to comuound con­ tional rail network is generally conceded, the fusion has proposed the amputation of 43 cost of replacing a vanished or irreparable percent of the energy-efficient rail passenger system, would be astronomical. By compari­ HOW TO ORGANIZE AN ARSON TASK system operated by Amtrak. His short­ son, that $200 mlllion a year Brock Adams FORCE sighted aim is to save taxpayers $1.4 billion wants to save the taxpayers would be Uke over five years (just under $300 million a something Jimmy Carter wlll someday have year) in Federal subsidies; never mind the to go back to growing.e HON. HAROLD S. SAWYER cost in scarce, high-priced gas wasted in OF MICHIGAN private auto travel. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Adams's meat-ax assault on Amtrak is all the more weird because he himself said SAN DIEGO TEST PILOT Thursday, March 8, 1979 recently that future transportation decisions would be studied for their impact on energy e Mr. SAWYER. Mr. Speaker, on Feb­ usage. Worse, he demanded policies of · HON. BOB WILSON ruary 15, 1979, I introduced legislation Amtrak that would drive away riders from OF CALIFORNIA that would permanently classify arson the poor bleeding stump of a system he as a part 1 offense for purposes of the would permit still to operate. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Federal Bureau of Investigation's uni­ Notably, Mr. Adams demanded higher Thursday, March 8, 1979 form crime reports. Arson is one of fares-when the record shows that after e Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, ·':1Via­ America's fastest growing and least Amtrak in November 1978 tried to match tion has long been a part of San Diego's scrutinized crimes. In an effort to bring cut-rate airline fares with its own discount this problem statistically out in the rates, ridership rose by 16 percent over that heritage. Glenn Curtiss, Claude Ryan, of November 1977. Indeed, one of his own Charles Lindbergh-all at some point in open, this bill, H.R. 2245, will perma­ department's reports demonstrates that the their careers touched down in San Diego. nently require the FBI to gather statis­ largest--not the smallest--possible Amtrak These men contributed mightily to San tics on arson and publish them in their system would produce the lowest deficit per Diego's place in the history of aviation. annual uniform crime rei~orts. Action to passenger mile. But there were other pioneers, not so curb arson should not end with this leg­ Mr. Adams has got the caboose before the well known, whose courage and spirit islation, however. Counties, cities, and engine. The task of America is to increase added to the body of knowledge on this even neighborhoods can join together to ridership and reduce the nation's energy form arson task force organizations. consumption, while making intercity travel new frontier and whose exploits rank at the top in the record books. These groups can form the backbone of as convenient as possible. Amtrak's job is an organized effort to see arson brought not to turn a profit, as Mr. Adams s-eems to Such a man is Lt. Cmdr. Charles Bolka, think, or even to hold down its operating USN Grant Tinker, Lee Rich Ing that the "new technologies" are not the TV, and 31 percent saying they were watch­ and Bud Yorkin-has filed with the FCC a Big Bad Wolf. And implicitly at least, Sliver­ ing less--evidence that people are not re­ lengthy statement calling !or drastic changes man was acknowledging what the Washing­ luctant to say they are spending more time in the way the networks do business. The ton Post survey shows: Americans aren't just in front of the picture box. FCC is now looking into the role of the net­ peeved or annoyej by television, they are The Post poll is not intended to state with works in shaping or misshaping what is a vall­ getting to the point of being Fed Up. finality people's reasons for watching less TV. able to Americans on television. It may be that, for some, the treat has worn LESS TV FOR MORE-POLL UNCOVERS A Among other demands, the Caucus wants off and other leisure activities are ta.klng the concentration of power in the three net­ TuRNAROUND IN VIEWING HABITS precedence over TV. works diminished, production of programs (By Barry Sussman) However, the poll does suggest that at by networks prohibited and a restriction in A majority of Americans say they are watch­ least part of the reported decline in viewing how much network programming stations in ing less television than they used to, a na­ is tied to strong feelings on the part of many the Top 50 markets can carry. Another Cau­ tionwide Washington Post poll has found. who feel the quality of TV entertainment has cus proposal is a sure crowd-pleaser and net­ A marked decline in viewing was reported been deteriorating. Overall, 40 percent of work-irker: "To reduce reruns to a minimum among more amuent and better educated those interviewed said TV entertainment is pattern of at least one original to one re­ people, among those who say the quality of better now than it was five years ago, and 41 peat in any given series." TV programs is deteriorating, and among percent said it was worse-an even split, with The fact that the people who produce tele­ those who report the sharpest dislike !or TV the rest saying it is about the same as it was vision programs share the dissatisfaction commercials. But a lesser decline in viewing or offering no opinion. with television shown by viewers in the also was reported among the bulk of the Among those who said TV entertainment Washintgon Post poll indicates how severely population-among blacks and whites, wom­ is worse now, 62 percent said they watch television has !ailed to fulfill its promise en and men, young and old. less than they used to. Among those who and how widely desired crucial changes in In all, 53 percent of those interviewed said said the quality is better, 46 percent said the present system are. The question is how they are watching less TV than they did five they are watching less. long the TV establishment will be able to years ago, compared to 32 percent who say Overall, 17 percent said TV entertainment 1s much better today than it was five years postpone the inevitable. they are watching more now. If those figures It will do its darndest-o! that we can be are correct, or even close to being correct, ago, and they, almost alone in the population, sure. they represent a striking reversal in the na­ reported that they are watching more TV The Washington Post survey was not taken tion's entertainment and leisure habits. From these days. Even among them, however the during the month of February which, like the inception of TV until the mid-1970s, margin of Increased viewing is slight, with 47 November and May, is a "sweep" month percent saying they watch more but 40 per- viewership had been reported as increasing . cent saying they watch less. when the networks stockpile most o! their year after year. big attractions so as to build maximum audi­ When people complain about the quality It is clear, however, that Americans' love of TV, they seem to be focusing on the bulk ences and thereby set their ad rates as high affair with TV remains a marvel unlike any as possible for the next fiscal quarter. I! the of the medium's vast offerings their favorites. in the history of communications or enter­ People continue to get great pleasure from survey had been taken this month, the com­ tainment. According to the poll, the average plaint that there is not enough good pro­ their favorite shows. What seems to have person 18 years old or older watches three happened over the years ls that more and gramming on TV might have changed to the hours o! television on weekdays and three complaint that there is too much. more people are finding !ewer programs that hours, 25 minutes on Saturdays and Sundays. they regard as favorites. FAMINE TO SURPLUS Only 1 percent of those polled said they Asked to name their favorite programs­ Clearly, viewers are not served by the had no working television sets in their those they watch regularly or whenever they sweeps hysteria that results in such Sunday homes; more than hal! said they had at least get a chance-30 percent couldn't think o! 4576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1979 any current leading show at all. Fltty-three Throughout the Nation prices and mode of freight transportation. Barges percent could not name more than two shows supplies have varied widely. In the Le­ and towboats use the navigation portion as favorites. is of these regional water development In 1960 and 1970, hal! or more of those high Valley there a cutback to gaso­ interviewed said they found at least 55 per­ line dealers this month of around 5 per­ projects we in the Congress have au­ cent of the programs they watched to be cent. Some airline flights from Allen­ thorized to be built. Entire regions, in "extremely enjoyable." In The Post poll, only town, Bethlehem, Easton Airport have fact the whole country, has benefited 28 percent of those interviewed gave such already been canceled. from these projects for less than the high ratings. Mr. Speaker, the people of the Lehigh cost of Metro. Asked how often they were disappointed Valley are well aware that we have se­ Mr. Speaker, I would commend to you with their favorite programs, fewer than three rious energy problems. They are ready to and our distinguished Members the rec­ people in 10 said they were frequently or ord of the shallow-draft barging indus­ occasionally disappointed. More than seven make the necessary sacrifices. Many, in 10 said they were rarely or never however, have questioned whether the try's accomplishment in the past and its disappointed. major oil companies are taking advan­ promise for the future. Hopefully the The disappointed level !or the rest of TV's tage of the confusion over Iran. I think Metro will someday accomplish as offerings, however, was sharply higher. More we need to clear the air on this matter, much.e than six in 10 said they were frequently or and end any confusion about the supply occasionally disappointed with shows other and price situation. than their favorites; only one in three said Mr. Speaker, the public has a right to YAKIMA RIVER WATER ENHANCE­ they were rarely or never disappointed with MENT PROJECT them. know the details behind the price in­ These numbers, taken together, seem to crease and the announced shortages. I draw a picture of a public that knows what urge today that the Interstate and For­ HON. MIKE McCORMACK it likes, and is finding less of it on TV than eign Commerce Committee hold hear­ OF WASHINGTON it used to. ings on this matter, so the American peo­ THE MODUS OPERANDI ple can understand the reasons behind IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Post poll on attitudes toward TV en­ the gasoline price increases and the Thursday, March 8, 1979 tertainment was conducted by telephone na­ shortages we are now experiencing.• tionwide from Oct. 19 through Oct. 29, with e Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, to­ a random sample of 1,693 people 18 years day I am introducing a bill which would of age or older interviewed. authorize the Secretary of the Interior For comparison purposes, a number of to undertake a feasibility study of the questions were phrased exactly as were ques­ SHALLOW-DRAFT BARGING IN­ proposed Yakima River Water Enhance­ tions contained in two major TV studies con­ DUSTRY ACCOMPLISHMENT ment Project, to be located in the Yakima ducted in 1960 and 1970. Theoretically, findings of a survey of this River Valley in Washington State. size are subject to a margin of error of HON. GENE SNYDER Mr. Speaker, the history of irrigated about 2.5 percent, 95 percent of the time. OF KENTUCKY agriculture in the Yakima Valley began Findings that apply to subgroups within the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the late 1800's when pioneer settlers sample are subject to slightly higher margins Thursday, March 8, 1979 first diverted stream :fiows to irrigate of error. crops. As their efforts brought successes, The survey was conducted by Barry Suss­ man. The Post's editor !or survey reportings. • Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, after walk­ irrigated agriculture in the valley grew ing today from the Rayburn Building to to regional and national importance. The SPORTS LEAD THE LIST the Capitol, it seems that our winter people of the valley have continued to The most popular offerings on television, weather has left us for another year. It look toward the future, and to the full by far, are sports events, according to a will not be long before the cherry blos­ Washington Post national survey. Asked to development of the water and land re­ list some of their favorite programs, 17 per soms will be blooming at the basin. sources of the area. Their efforts and cent of the 1,693 people interviewed men­ Though I am happy the spring breezes their aspirations for the valley have re­ tioned one sports show or another, a far are blowing, I was not as exalted when sulted in a contribution to the well-being greater response than for any single ongoing our Metro subway closed down for 3 of the region and to the people of this television program. days not too long ago. It was almost im­ Nation. Toward that end, the legislation On the average, men said that more than possible for people to get to work, and I am submitting marks the culmination one-quarter of the time they watch television Government services in many cases came of years of effort on the part of the peo­ is spent watching sports. Women said that to a halt. So far the taxpayers have spent sports shows represented 15 per cent of their ple of the valley, in cooperation with the total viewing. $3.5 billion on the Metro, and projections government of the State of Washington. As for regular programming, the top 10; are that a total of $6.9 billion will be In 1977, severe drought conditions in volunteered in October, when the Post poll spent by the time the system becomes the Western States, and particularly in was conducted, were: fully operational. the Yakima Valley, focused attention on 1. Little House on the Prairie, mentioned My point is not to disparage Metro. the need for further efforts to establish by 12 percent. Every week, except when it snows, it is 2. 60 Minutes, 9.3 percent. proving itself essential to the economic comprehensive management of existing 3. The Waltons, 8.6 percent. growth of the area and, indeed, to the water supplies, to prevent losses, and to 4. M•A•s•H, 8.4 percent. efficient running of the U. S. Government assure that all claims to water rights are 5. All in the Famlly, 7.1 percent. and its multitude of employees who seem equitably resolved. 6. Mork and Mindy, 7 percent; tied with The legislation which I am introduc­ 6. Happy Days, 7 percent. to grow year by year. 8. Three's Company, 5.3 percent. My point in mentioning the cost of ing today will, if enacted into law, ac­ 9. Soap, 5.1 percent. building this limited, supposedly all­ complish these goals. 10. Family, 4.2 percent. weather, system of transportation which As proposed, the measure authorizes will eventually run approximately 100 the Secretary of the Interior to under­ miles throughout the area, is bo provide take a comprehensive feasibility investi­ my distinguished colleagues with a lit­ gation of five potential reservoir storage GASOLINE SHORTAGES AND PRICE tle perspective on another form of trans­ sites and one regulating reservoir site in HIKES portation which serves over 25,000 miles the Yakima Basin. Preliminary estimates and has cost the taxpayers in the last 150 indicate that up to 30,000 acres of land HON. DON RITTER years less than what the Metro will could receive new water supplies and OF PENNSYLVANIA cost--to serve a limited area. 70,000 acres presently irrigated would Mr. Speaker, I talk about the shallow­ receive supplemental water supplies. In IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES draft inland and intracoastal waterway addition, there would be substantial ben­ Thursday, March 8, 1979 system which presently serves 87 percent efits to water quality and fisheries habi­ • Mr. RI'ITER. Mr. Speaker, as a result of the major U.S. cities in 41 of the States tat throughout the Yakima River system. of the Iranian situation, the American of the Union. The inclusion of ft.ood control and hydro­ people have been told that gasoline The domestic waterways industry has electric generation as integral parts of prices will rise and that there will be provided and is providing the Nation the study make this a truly multipurpose serious cutbacks in supply. with a low-cost, fuel-emcient, and safe proposal. March 8, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4577 It is, of course, impossible to predict tiona! seminars and tour carpet mills of WHAT REALLY CAUSES INFLATION? what the outcome of the feasibility study their choice. will be. However, the preliminary work Mr. Speaker, the Carpet and Rug In­ done by the State of Washington Depart­ stitute is to be congratulated on its HON. LARRY McDONALD ment of Ecology and existing studies by grassroots effort to assist a major U.S. OF GEORGIA the Department of the Interior all point industry to increase exports and thus IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES toward authorization of a comprehensive favorably affect our balance of trade. Thursday, March B, 1979 study of the additional water resource The free enterprise system is well served potential in the valley. It is crucial that by such efforts and it is especially grati­ e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the we stop thinking of the water-related fying to note that it represnts a coopera­ Reader's Digest of January 1979 ran an problems of the Yakima River system on tive effort by individual business firms, excellent article on inflation by Mr. a piecemeal basis, but instead that we an industry trade association, and State Ralph Kinney Bennett. The article very address the entire resource base through and Federal governments, all working to­ cogently points out that the supply of a comprehensive plan. The proposed gether for the common good of all. money creates inflation. If extra money Yakima River Basin Water Enhance­ Congratulations to the Carpet and is printed to cover Government deficits ment study will provide that framework. Rug Institute for conceiving and spon­ then inflation results. Inflation is not Mr. Speaker, a great deal of credit soring the International Carpet and Rug caused by rising prices or wages, nor must be given to Gov. Dixy Lee Ray Market in the United States.• will wage and price controls cure the and the State of Washington; to Mr. situation, as the artide points out. The Watson Totus, chairman of the Yakima budget has to be balanced and the Indian Tribal Council, and to the Yak­ printing of extra paper money to cover ima Indian Nation, whose cooperation IRAN AND ISRAEL-EGYPT our deficits has to stop. It is just that and strong support have brought this SETI'LEMENT simple. The article follows: proposal to achievement. I look forward WHAT REALLY CAUSES INFLATION? to this continued effort to benefit all the HON. PAUL SIMON (By Ralph Kinney Ben~tt) people of the valley and the regton. • How did the three-bedroom house that OF ILLINOIS sold for $33,000 back in 1969 become a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $96,000 house today? How could a family Thursday, March B. 1979 sedan that cost $3110 a decade ago now come in a smaller size costing $6474? How INTERNATIONAL CARPET AND RUG • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, prior to the is it that the man who retired in 1969 with MARKET change of government in Iran I was a $9000 annual pension and maximum Social visited by Shahriar Rouhani, who now Security benefits (benefits up 118 percent HON. ED JENKINS serves as the spokesman for the Ayatol­ over the past ten years) now has 36 percent lah Khomeini in Washington. less buying power than he had then? OF GEORGIA Infiation is the answer, of course. But Mr. Rouhani is a 20-year-old doc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES what exactly is infiation? What causes the toral student at Yale University who is phenomenon that silently robs us of our Thursday, March B. 1979 bright, dedicated and sensitive. living, that in the past 40 years has shrunk • Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, it has During the course of our conversation the value of the dollar to 20 cents? come to my attention that a major event we discussed, among other things, the To understand inflation, one must first relationship of Iran to the possible understand what is being "inflated." It isn't is being planned for 1980 to further in­ prices (although they certainly are rising) crease the exports of American made Israel-Egypt settlement and because his answer is a &igni:ficant one, I am taking and it isn't wages (also rising). It is the products. Not only will this event assist supply of money--currency and bank credit. in decreasing the U.S. trade deficit, it the liberty of inserting in the RECORD a The real wealth of the nation is the goods will be the first ever of its kind in the copy of the letter I have just sent to and services produced by its people. United States. Mr. Rouhani: Money--coined or printed by the govern­ HoUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ment--is merely a convenient symbol of The Carpet and Rug Institute, a ma­ Washington, D.C., March 1,1979. that wealth. We give part of our wealth to jor national trade association, will spon­ Mr. SHAHRIAR ROUHANI, the government in taxes. But the govern­ sor the first annual International Carpet Washington, D.C. ment has been spending vastly more wealth and Rug Market on July 13-16, 1980, in DEAR FRIEND: Just a note to say it was a than we give it--to date, over $766 blllion Atlanta, Ga. Foreign buyers from all pleasure visiting with you prior to the change more. In addition, it has run up future fi­ over the world will be invited to attend of government in Iran. nancial commitments (Social Security, pen­ with the prime purpose of increasing As I told you, I was concerned about some sions, loan guarantees) in excess of $7 tril­ sales of carpet and rugs to foreign coun­ of the statements which were quoted, lion-more than $71,000 per taxpayer. allegedly from the Ayatollah Khomeini in How can government spend more than we tries. The United States is the world lead­ The Washington Post and I was pleased at give it? Usually by "monetizing" its debts, er in style, design, and in color applica­ your assurances that they were not accurate by printing more symbols than there is real tion. I am privileged to inform you that quotes. wealth. That basic law of economics-the the Carpet and Rug Institute will spon­ I was particularly pleased that while you more there is of something, the cheaper it sor this annual event in my home State indicated that on would be cut off from becomes-applies to dollars, too. As former where over 50 percent of all U.S.-made Israel at the present time, that 1! Israel Secretary of the Treasury William E. Simon carpet and rugs are produced each year. reached an agreement with her Arab neigh­ puts it, "The American dollar is being de­ bors that oil shipments then could be re­ based by its own government. The real prob­ Although trade shows for the carpet sumed. When I asked specifically 1! Egypt lem with the dollar is that we're printing and rug industry have been held for and Israel reach an agreement whether ship­ too many of them." many years in countries such as Ger­ ments could be resumed, you replied with a This is the root cause of inflation-more many, France, England, Spain and strong affi.rmative. I hope that w1U be the money poured into the economy than the Italy, the International Carpet and Rug policy of your nation. economy is worth. At this point whether Israel and Egypt Only when we accept this basic truth can Market being sponsored by the Carpet reach an agreement appears to be a matter and Rug Institute is the first ever in this we deal intelllgently as citizens with the of great uncertainty but if that agreement myths about inflation put abroad daily in country. Major support for the 1980 is reached and your country would then re­ press, classroom and government. Here are event will be provided by the U.S. Depart­ sume oil shipments to Israel, that could have three of the most pernicious: ment of Commerce Foreign Buyer pro­ a substantial thrust in a positive way in the Myth 1. Rising wages and prices "cause" gram, the Atlanta Merchandise Mart, troubled Middle East. inflation. Secretary of the Treasury w. the State of Georgia and Georgia State Your government is going through some Michael Blumenthal perpetuated this myth University. Eve:..-y effort will be made to difficult days and we hope that the present .when he listed among the factors causing in­ acquaint prospective buyers with the problems can be resolved peacefully. flation "wage settlements that substantially unique advantages and product oppor- And I know I speak !or all or my colleagues exceed the productivity and real growth or in the House and Senate in hoping that our the economy, (and) price increases that tunities available to them in the Ameri­ two nations will continue a long and fruitful bring unjustified excess profits." can market. In addition to a traditional friendship. In our competitive system, prices and Southern welcome, foreign buyers will COrdially, wages are primarlly signals or the ever­ have the opportunity to attend educa- PAUL SIMON, U.S. Congressman .• changing balance ot supply and dem&nd CXXV--288-Pa.rt 4 4578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 8, 1979 that takes place dally in blllions of transac­ Create shortages. Many businesses cannot States did it in 1953, under President Dwight tions in the American marketplace. If there or wm not produce at the artificially set D. Eisenhower, whose prudent fiscal poll­ 1s only so much money (and credit) in the prices. cies led to an infiation rate during his Ad­ system, a business cannot ignore supply and Result in a lowering of quality. Former ministration of 1.4 percent a year. France demand by arbitrarily raising its prices or "standard" features on a product become accomplished the feat in 1958, when Charles by giving in to excessive wage demands. If costly extras. de Gaulle halved the government's budget its prices are too high, people wlll buy else­ Are consistently circumvented. Black mar­ deficit. In each case, control was achieved where. If wage demands are too high, busi­ kets spring up. by dramatic cuts in government spending ness must refuse to pay them or hire fewer Require a large and expensive bureaucracy and a concomitant dialing down of the workers at the new rate. Competition itself, to administer them. During World War H­ money machine. then, is supposed to keep a rein on prices. our longest flirtation with controls-the Of­ Unfortunately, neither France nor the But this real discipline of the market­ fice of Price Administration (OPA) employed United States stuck to its guns. That old place has been circumvented by government. 65,000 bureaucrats who directed an addi­ predilection or politicians-to give (social To pay its bUls and finance a broad Ust of tional 325,000 "price-control volunteers." benefits) without taking (taxin~) -asserted social goals, including "full employment," But, worst of all, while controls may cre­ itself. Americans now face a $500-billlon-plus government generally inflates the money ate an illusion of being effective, they only budget (more than $50 billion of which the supply. It thereby abets higher wages and temporarily hold down wages and prices, government can pay for only by turning out prices by fostering the notion that it will while the tremendous pressure of inflation more phony money) and surging inflation always create enough money to pay for them. continues to build up. Once the controls are that reached an annual rate of almost ten And once the money supply has been in­ lifted, the market spurts to find its natural percent last summer. creasing rapidly for some time, prices seem level, and a more pronounced and damaging The antl-infiation plan unveiled by Presi­ to have an upward life of their own. Instead inflation is usually the result. dent Carter last October imposes wage and of saving, people "buy now," hoping to beat This country's most recent attempt at price guidelines on businesses and labor as future price raises. Unions seek contracts controls-the Nixon Administration's "Phase if they were the cause of the problem. "The with cost-of-llving clauses. Banks lending I, II, III and IV" program begun in August President did recognize the role of the budget money to be paid back in steadily cheapen­ 1971-built up pressure for one of the worst deficit," comments Hazlltt. "But he did not Ing dollars insist on higher interest rates. promise to ellminate it--he promised only inflationary explosions in U.S. history. The to reduce it over a period of years. This If rising wages, In and of themselves, were rate of growth of consumer prices had been was practically an assurance that our Infla­ Inflationary, then West Germany should have in decline at the time the controls were one of the most Inflationary economies. Ger­ tion will be continued." instLtuted. This was the result of a cutback Clear away the myths and one discovers man workers' wages increased 236 percent tn in money supply in the waning days of the that the way to stop inflation is to literally the decade 1967-77, but the inflation rate Johnson Administration. But during the averaged about four percent annually be­ stop infiatio~top inflation of the money cause the government kept the money supply period of controls the Consumer Price Index supply beyond the real ability of this coun­ in balance with the real productive wealth of began a steep climb, reaching almost 13 per­ try to produce; stop pretending that we have the economy. U.S. workers during the same cent by mid-1974. The disaster was com­ more money than we really do; stop running period saw their wages Increase 101 percent, pounded by a harrowing confluence of huge deficits that can be financed only with a rise nearly outpaced by inflation averag­ events-a worldwide crop failure and the flat dollars. ing over slx percent a year. The fact is, wages Arab oil embargo. Some people still enter­ The United States cannot expect a pain­ for the most part are reacting (in some cases tain the idea that these factors caused the less extrication from the inflation in which over-reacting) to government-caused in­ inflation of 1973-74. The fact is that the it has found itself for almost 40 years. A flation. Nixon controls were a facade behind which broad range of programs will have to be cut What about rising prices? It is still popu­ government spending increased sharply. back; unemployment is llkely to increase lar to characterize the cataclysmic rlse in Why then do governments return to wage temporarily. But, as economic historian and oil prices since the oil embargo of 1973 as a and price controls, frequently with popular monetary expert Donald Kemmerer warns, major cause of inflation. But this is simply support? (A recent Gallup poll showed about "a nation that does not stop an inflation not true. The high oil prices added to our half the respondents in favor of some form simply because it is polltically painful to do of controls.) The outcry for controls, con­ so is essentially declaring bankruptcy." financial burdens. But they were clearly not tends Friedman, "is based on neither e:Jtperi­ the author of Inflation. ence nor analysis but simply on the 'for HOW MONEY IS "CREATED" OUT OF NOTHING Consider the experience of Japan and West God's sake let's do something' syndrome." On the third Tuesday of every month, the Germany during the embargo. Unlike the However, controls are not the answer when Federal Open Market Committee meets in United States, both countries were aimost they are imposed by a government that at the Washington, D.C., for what may be the entirely dependent on foreign oil. But during same time goes deeper into debt while print­ world's most exhaustive economic briefing. the embargo, both pursued prudent fiscal ing more money to pay the bills. The committee, composed of the seven policies, holding down budget deficits and Myth 3. Inflation is "everybody's business." members of the Federal Reserve Board and keeping a tight rein on the money supply. According to President Carter, "It's a myth five of the presidents of the nation's 12 Result: Inflation 1n both nations de~lined, that government itself can stop inflation. regional Federal Reserve Banks, sifts data while soaring to 12.2 percent in the United Success or failure in this overall effort will on major aspects of the economy. (Federal States as politicians cranked out printing­ largely be determined by the actions of the spending, accounting for nearly a quarter of press money to finance continued deficits private sector." the Gross National Product, must weigh ($130.9 b11lion from 1973 through 1976). This, While the President's assertion coincides heavily in these data.) The committee then not an Arab hand on the oil spigot, was the with some theories of inflation, it contra­ seeks to estimate how muoh growth of money reason for the rising American inflation. venes the clear evidence of economic history and credit-or restraint of growth-the econ­ Myth 2. Wage and price controls will "cure" and practical experience. As Friedman points omy needs. Inflation. This popular delusion feeds on the out, "Government has an effective printing If the committee estimates that the money first myth. "Price controls have been imposed press on which it can turn out green pieces supply should grow, it gives the Open Market repeatedly for more than 2000 years," notes of paper, and as a result government and Desk of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton government alone is the source of inflation." "target ranges" for the creation of new Friedman. "They have always failed." Roman The steady downward trend of the dollar money. Here, much simpllfled, is what hap­ emperor Diocletian used capital punishment since 1940, notes economic writer Henry pens. in a futile effort to enforce controls in A.D. Hazlitt, has been accompanied by an awe­ The seeds from which this new money will 301. Thousands died, and the economy was some growth of American money supply. At grow are "bank reserves"-mere digits on the nearly wrecked. the beginning of 1940, U.S. currency and books of the New York Fed-and a stack of federal securities. The securities are not In 1775, the Continental Congress sought bank deposits totaled $52.7 billion. By Janu­ ary 1978, currency and bank deposits totaled backed by gold bulllon or fresh bills in a to finance our infant government's debt by vault somewhere. They are fe.ncy sheets of authorizing the issue of an almost worthless $815.9 blllion, an increase of 1448 percent. Inflation in Western European countries paper representing faith 1n the U.S. govern­ paper money. A disastrous inflation followed. ment. The Pennsylvania legislature sought to stem has been routinely running high with two dramatic exceptions-West Germany and The New York Fed buys, Eoay, $100 mU11on It with price controls. Many farmers and Switzerland. West Germany has kept its in­ of these securities from a dealer tn the "open businessmen refused to sell a.t the controlled flation rate around four percent; Switzer­ market." A private purchaser would pay tor prices. Shortages developed. The army win­ land. below two percent in recent years. Both such securities with real funds already in tering at Valley Forge in 1777-78 could not countries ha.ve displayed the polltical courage the economy. But the Fed merely credits $100 get badly needed supplies. The army's misery, and citizen discipllne to keep a tight rein on million in new "reserves" to the account of wrote John Adams, was due largely to "that their budgets and on the growth of their the securities dealer's bank-Bank A. The improvident Act for limiting prices money supply. bank must leave 16 percent of this in its [which] if not repealed will ruin the state In the postwar era there have been three reserve account at the New York Fed (the and introduce a civil war:• major instances of inflation bein~ brought percentage could be as low as seven, depend­ Historical experiences like these under­ under control. West Germany did it in 1948--­ ing on the siz-e of the bank). It lends out score the well-known deficiencies of wage refusing to "spend" its way to prosperity the remaining $84 milllon-perhaps to a and price controls. Such controls ... by running up huge deficits. The United business building a new plant. March 8, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4579 The $84 million loaned out began as test blast incident shocking. The text of "For this reason it was agreed that the nothing but figures on p8iper. In the process the March 2 Washington Post article direct approach for the collection of milk of being loaned, it has become money. The samples would not be pursued further at $84 million finds its way into other banks, follows: this time. . . . That evening I purchased a which return a required portion of it to their AFTER A-T"EST ACCIDENT, SAFETY DIDN'T COME quart of milk from a store in town. I located reserve accounts and lend out the.~!'est. Each FIRST the producer and in discussing ' 3 mHk sup­ loan is in !act the creation of new money, (By Bill Curry) ply in a general way, I lean.1ed that the and the initial $100 million grows and grows: milk I had purchased that e\ .ning was ob­ Bank A lends out $84 million, which finds its In the worst accident of the nation's tained from the St. George herd on Tuesday way into ... Ba.nk B, which lends out $71 atomic bomb tests, federal officials concen­ evening. At noon I was replaced by another million, which finds its way into ... Bank C, trated on allaying the public's fears rather [radiation) monitor [and left.]" which lends out $60 million, which finds its than protecting people from •the hazards of Soon sheep in the area began to die and way into . . . Bank D, which lends out $50 radioactive fallout, according to newly re­ developed radiation burn-like skin lesions. million.... leased federal documents. Lambs were born fully developed but In the end, the initial $100 million of re­ The records show that while officials undersize. serves will have been returned to the Fed warned some Utah residents to stay indoors The AEC would later deny sheepmen's as security for the commercial bank loans. after an hour's exposure to heavy fallout, claims for damage, saying the bomb tests But by that time, more than $600 million in others were not warned and officials declined were not the cause. In an October 1953 new money will have been put into the to monitor milk for radioactive contamina­ meeting, one AEC official, Dr. Gordon Dun­ economy.e tion. rung, who for years would defend the safety Moreover, other documents show that of the test blasts in the face of mounting when grazing sheep died soon after the acci­ evidence to the contrary said any animal PAST PUBLIC DISCLOSURES OF dent, an Atomic Energy Commi~sion employe deaths might cause problems in "purse RADIATION HAZARDS ARE NOT expre;:sed the fear that 1! sheep deaths were strings" being opened to finance weapons REASSURING linked to radioactive fallout, "the purse tests in Nevada. strings" !or future weapons tests in the A statement saying that the sheep prob­ United States might be tightened. lems were not related to fallout was then HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL The accident occurred on May 19, 1953, prepared for presentation to the AEC gov­ when the wind shifted at the time of test erning commissioners.e OF NEW YORK blast "Harry," one of the "dirtiest" nuclear IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bomb tests among the 30 or more weapons Thursday, March 8, 1979 detonations between 1951 and 1962. As a result, St. George, Utah, was exposed W. BLAINE BEAM • Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, for a long to more radioactive fallout than has ever time I have been deeply concerned about been measured in any other populated area­ the dangers posed by nuclear weaponry. even Japan. Officials estimate that perhaps HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL more than half of the radi81tion dumped on The building of these weapons presents a the area in over a decade of testing came OF NORTH CAROLINA tremendous threat to our survival. This from Harry. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES threat exists because those who develops But exposure to radioactivity, which can Thursday, March 8, 1979 and control nuclear weaponry are cap­ cause leukemia and cancer, was not appar­ able of carelessness in the management ently confined just to local residents. Most • Mr. BROYHILL. Mr. Speaker, on of these weapons. The result of such mis­ of the milk produced in the area was shipped February 22, 1979, Mr. Blaine Beam, a management has been the exposure of to Las Vegas. respected resident of Cherryville in the people to dangerous amounts of radia­ In following years, U.tah showed marked increases in cases of childhood leukemia, lOth Congressional District of North tion. I point to the Washington Post ar­ thyroid cancer and birth defects. Some nisi­ Carolina, died at the age of 82. Mr. Beam ticle of March 2, which reveals one exam­ dents who were exposed to radiation on the was a unique person. His life touched the ple of the mismanagement in our use of day of the blast later developed cancers. lives of many, many people in Gaston the atom. While the precautions taken in May 19, County. One of the Nation's worst atomic bomb 1953, have been publicly known for 26 I was asked to write an editorial for test accidents occurred on May 19, 1953, years-many cars were blockaded and washed the CherryVille Eagle about my feelings when A-bomb "Harry" was exploded down, and children kept indoors during toward Mr. Beam and the work which near the town of St. George, Utah. The school recess-another dimension of gov­ ernment behavior emerges in the docu­ he accomplished. I would like to share test blast resulted in one of the greatest ments. this editorial with my colleagues. radioactive fallouts ever recorded. In the In a remarkably candid account of his IN MEMORY OF W. BLAINE BEAM years following the detonation of activities that day, an unnamed radiation (By Congressman James T. Broyhlll) "Harry," there was a dramatic increase monitor described his reluctance to test and, Few people leave as wide a mark on their in the number of thyroid cases in the if necessary, impound contaminated milk. community as Blaine Beam did on his. Mr. area, as well as an outbreak of deformi­ Harry was detonated in Nevada !rom a Beam continually sought ways to make his ties in the offspring of local sheep herds. 300-foot tower at 5:05 a.m. By 8:45 a.m., commun1ty a better one. He dedicated his One astounding fact of the blast in­ cars were so contaminated with fallout that ll!e to helping others always putting them cident is that radiation monitoring offi­ they were being washed down. After 30 min­ ahead of himself. cials failed to test radiation levels of milk utes, officials gave up because so much radio­ Mr. Beam loved a parade. Cherryvllle did activity was st111 coming down. not have a regular parade, so what did he produced in the St. George area subse­ At 9:25 a.m., after much of the exposure quent to the explosion. Also, the Atomic do? He started one, in fact that is where I to fallout had occurred, instructions went first m~t Blaine Beam at a parade which he Energy Commission

He could always be counted on to be fair MORE BUCKS FOR THE BANG: NEW PUBLIC national environment. Here, surveys of mass and honest when called upon for his opinion ATTITUDES TOWARD FOREIGN POLICY opinion have a great deal more to tell us, concerning issues of the day. (By Wllllam Schambra) and the message is fairly clear: American Mr. Beam was patriotic. He served his Iranian students topple a statute of the will 1s recovering nicely from the trauxna of country in the U.S. Army during World War shah . . . Nicaraguan troopers patrol a rub­ Vietnam. Let's examine some recent I, and he was a member of Oherryvllle ble-strewn street . . . Vietna.mese soldiers developments: American Legion Post No. 100. dash past the Imperial Palace in Phnom 1. Do we have the will to be a superpower? Mr. Beam was also a family man. Survived Penh. TV nightly news has been livened Here, the trend is marked. We believe we are by a dedicated and loving wife, two sons, considerably of late, with vivid footage from second-best, and we are unhappy about it. siX daugbters, fifteen grandchlldren and four the world's burgeoning crisis spots. As shown on page 29 of "Opinion Roundup" great-granddaughters. There is a growing sense among opinion in this issue, more and more Americans be­ He never neglected his famlly whlle he leaders that this year-with au these spon­ lieve that the United States is weaker mili­ was so actively involved in helping others. taneous crises, plus the impending battle tarily than the Russians: a. 43 percent plu­ His qualltles of leadership, loyalty, com­ over SALT and the possible culmination of rality held that position in November 1978. passion and dedication were much admired. the Camp David accords--will be a critical A December Gallup survey found that 61 He was a person whom we can emulate in one for our conception of the role we should percent of Americans believed Soviet power our dally Uves. Tohat is the best way we can, play in the world. The suggestion is now would increase in 1979, versus 51 percent say­ in a small way, repay Blaine Bea.m for his heard that foreign affairs may start vying ing our power would increase: since 1969, many <:ontrlbutions to his community. with economic matters for the attention and the Russian "power w111 increase" line has We will miss Mr. Beam's wise counsel. We concern of the public. consistently ridden above the American curve all share with his famlly a deep loss and to Other commentators urge a more sober (see pages 30-31) . And Americans are in­ his famlly we can say: Thank you for shar­ view of the situation: yes, there's more me­ creaslngly apprehensive: a June-July Harris ing him with so many of us during his 82 dia. attention to foreign crises, but it's all survey found that 43 per<:ent of respondents one big "Sands of Iwo Jima" to the viewer­ believed it was necessary for the United years on earth.e ship: good entertainment, nothing more. we States to be stronger than the Russians; only are told that, basically, the American public 8 percent would accept the "second-best" has little patience with the complexities of situation that we were seen to be ln. MORE BUCK FOR THE BANG? foreign affairs-what really holds public in­ 2. Do we have the wm to spend superpower terest are the bread-and-butter issues of money? Again, the trend is clear: support for the domestic economy. And survey research defense spending has been growing steadlly RON. WILLIAM F. GOODLING tends to bear out this notion. Since the end since our disentanglement from Vietnam. The OF PENNSYLVANIA of the Vietnam War, economic concerns have Harris survey on page 29 of this issue shows IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ranked far above foreign policy matters as that support for increased defense spending the nation's "most important problem," usu­ went from 28 percent in December 1976 to 52 Thursday, March 8, 1979 ally by margins of five or six to one (Public percent in November 1978; a situation that e Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I Opinion, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 32). And there Lou Harris describes as a "remarkable tum­ seems to be no evidence of a change in this around." It is true that Americans balk at should like to bring to my colleagues at­ situation: an NBC News/Associated Press certain kinds of domestic sacrifices to reach tention an important article by William survey taken in mid-December asked people higher levels of defense spending-for in­ Schambra the entering farmer whose land torch has been passed to me-a part of the ACTER AND STRUCTURE OF AMERICAN AGRI­ amortization costs alone can exceed over !0 new generation of Americans. A generation CULTURE percent of his gross income in an average that is unwllling to watch the decay of hu­ Mr. Chairman and members of the com­ production year. Slight variation in yield and man rights around the world. John F. Ken­ mittee, I am here today at the request of prices can cause extreme financial dimcultles. nedy said, "The energy, faith, and devotion the committee to discuss the changing con­ TECHNOLOGY TREADMILL which we bring ... wlll light our country dition of American agriculture. On Septem­ and all who serve it ... the glow from that ber 26, 1978, we issued a study, entitled In an attempt to maintain income through fire can truly light the world." As a part "Changing Character and Structure of increased production, farmers made use of of that new generation, I wlll have a hand American Agriculture: An Overview." My technological breakthroughs. However, they in preserving and llluminating the human statement here today will summarize that found themselves requiring more equipment rights of all mankind. st udy and I would like to submit th& full and then more land, and stlll more powerful report !or the record. and :taster equipment to stay ahead of nar­ Our democracy is based on the conviction rowing profit margins, intlation, and com­ that man has the moral and intellectual The United States food system depend­ ence on increasingly !ewer farmers, who in petitive pressures. The result o! farm product capacity, as well as the inalienable right to specialization over the last 2 decades was govern himself with reason and justice. Ed­ turn are dependent on a series of !actors ucation is a. part of our democracy and beyond their control, raises a basic question that farm worker productivity ilncreased of farm sector resll1ency to withstand supply­ nearly twice as fast as that o! the industrial vitally important to a nation whose found­ worker. However, to maintain this produc­ ing fathers were the most intellectual demand fluctuations without increasing Government assistance. tivity, the farmer became dependent upon statesmen in modern history. petroleum-based Inputs of fuel, !ertl11zer, I care about America and it's people be­ Significant changes have occurred in our Nation's farming sector during the last three and pesticides as well as other agro-indus­ cause we know clearly what we seek, and trial services to operate his increasingly spe­ why. We seek peace, knowing that without decades. While the basic trend has been one of increasing concentration of !arinS as well cialized !arm. As these specialized and non­ peace, there can be no freedom, and witho:ut renewable inputs become more valuable, peace there can be no justice except for the as supporting fac111ties; the reciprocal has been a drastic reduction in the number of cost/price inflationary pressures on the small amount of pity the strong have upon farmer wlll increase. the weak. There must be an ideal that is family farms, people living on farms and a steadily employed, and respected by all na­ decline in rural vitality. A series of cost­ GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS tions. An ideal that comprehends the values price squeezes, specialized te<:hnology, and rn retrospect government policies, pro­ of freedom and affirms the equality of all the targeting of Government farm prograinS grams and regulations have had structural nations however large or small. has created a farm sector that has !ewer, implications which were not always evident. larger, and more powerful farms; less family Because America demands the best of me, While vaguely aimed at helping the "fam­ labor; less diverse production patterns; and ily farmer," Government assistance programs I will continue to give my best. Just as our increasing dependence on purchased inputs, founders cared about America, I care. And have benefited the largest farms to a greater foreign oil, and markets outside the United extent. Because they are geared to produc­ Just as they labored to establish our free­ States. doms, so wlll I labor to preserve those free­ tion, the percentage of farmers receiving Farm numbers have dropped from a high Government payments rises with farm size, doms. For who I am, what I am, and what I of 6.8 mllllon in 1935 to 2.34 mUllan reported wm be, I owe to the spirit that 1s America.e as does the size of the payment. Some Gov­ in the 1974 Census o! Agriculture. The ernment as!';istance prograinS have also be­ United States has been losing an average of come capitalized into land values, thereby 2,000. farmers per week since the 1940's. In benefiting larger landholders (many of the past, most !arms were owned by the whom are not farmers) to the greatest THE CHANGING CHARACTER AND fam111es who operated them. Today, it is extent. STRUCTURE OF AMERICAN AGRI­ estimated that less than one-hal! of all Similarly, Government tax policies have CULTURE farmland is owned by the !arm operator. promoted the trend away !rom smaller, The continued demise of the family farmer family-owned and operated !arms, while at­ and the reduced res111ency of our agricultural tempting to do the opposite. Past Federal HON. RICHARD NOLAN system to produce during adverse times is income tax laws provided an excellent tax an important question because Americans OF MINNESOTA shelter for outside investors. Recent estate depend upon the American Farmers' ablUty IN THE HOUSE OP' REPRESENTATIVES tax laws may inhibit sale of farmland out­ to produce food as well as his capacity to side the owning family, thus creating a Thursday, March 8, 1979 generate otr-farm employment. "landed aristocracy," with !ewer avenues for One out of every five workers is employ'ed new farmers to enter. • Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, recently by the agriculture-food system. It accounts the General Accounting Office pub­ !or 25% of GNP. And it exports one out o! In addition, policies to foster foreign sales lished a report entitled, "Changing every three harvested acres, making it a have put agriculture in a precarious position. major contributor to balancing our nations Agriculture's new role in the economy has Structure and Character of American made U.S. farmers vulnerable to the uncer- Agriculture: An Overview." The current growing trade deficits. The slgnlflcance of the food system is such tainties of world market conditions and as a. trend toward fewer and larger farms that, without adequate safeguards, the U.S. result has placed the United States in a po­ GAO says, is reducing the resilience of economy can be significantly affected by the sition which may demand increased govern­ U.S. agriculture and its ability to pro­ uncertainty o! other nations' agricultural mental activity to help buffer tluctuations in duce during adverse times. demands. supply and demand. March 8, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4591 la.tionism, cited by President Carter only last LARGE FARMS VERSUS SMALL FARMS column that appears in the New Republic month, 83 other nations have signed the UN's is While the trend is increasingly towards and syndicated to a number of news­ g~nocide convention. "Despite the support of larger farms with the farms at the top of papers. every president since 1948," Mr. Carter said, the size scale dominating agricultural sales. A few weeks ago Richard Strout had a the U.S. still hasn't signed. (The top 2% of our nations• farms now ac­ Take normalization of relations with China. count for over one-third of all !arm sales) column about SALT II in which he fears this does not mean that smaller farms are that SALT II is a rerun of the 1919 Sen­ (heartily approved by this correspondent). ate debate on the League of Nations. Was the spilt with China ever necessary? less efficient. In fact expenses (as a percent Chou En-la.i came to the Geneva Conference o! !arm production) !or !arms marketing be­ I am not as pessimistic as he is but tween $10,000 and $200,000 are less than tor m June, 1954, looking !or friends in the West. there are real dangers that SALT II will John Foster Dulles wouldn't shake hands, those !arms producing more than $200,000 o! not be approved. agricultural products. and stalked out. The China. Lobby, led by Small- to mid-size farmers' variable costs I hope my colleagues will take the time Henry Luce's Time and Life, denounced are generally low because they typically do to read the TRB column: fraternization: Chou was "a political thug and professional assassin," said Life. Life's not pay themselves or their families mini­ .A RERUN OF l!H9? correspondent, Godfrey Blunden, called Chou mum wages and their equity is often high. I have had a love affair with Washington Relative operating costs are substantially a. saber-toothed political assassin." In 1971, for many years, and it has broken my heart reviewing those grotesqne events, Harrison lower than those o! the largest !arms. So­ many times. I suspect that it is going to do so ciety has thereby come to depend on the Salisbury called them "madness; clinical again this year. I cannot believe that the Sen­ paranoia.." Yet suspicion and hate are always smaller and medium sized !arms as an ideal ate will ratify the forthcoming SALT treaty, combination of resource control and abll1ty just below the surface in contending theol­ to restrain strategic arms. Yet if 34 senators ogies; the venom could be injected again to bounce back from adversity. Although a vote "No" there will be no limit, I fear, to the res111ent agriculture does not insure eco­ over SALT. Said Joe McCarthy of the "loss" consequent US-Soviet nuclear arms race. It of China, February 9, 1950 at Wheeling, West nomic stab111ty. it does maintain reasonable takes only 34 senators to defeat a treaty. It food supply stabUlty, which in turn. is Virginia.: "This must be the product of a. has happened before. great conspiracy on a. eca.le so immense as to closely tied to domestic and international Let me go back a bit. Years ago, in the economic policies. dwarf any previous venture in the history of Harding administration, a. tall, gawky, self­ man!" Now partisans here are demanding, FARM OWNERSHIP conscious youngster came to Washington "Who lost Iran?" Increased financial pressures on !arms have marveling at the nation's drive "back to (I found no reference to old Luce crusades resulted in changes in ownership patterns. normalcy." Since this reference is autobi­ in Time's cool account last week of Teng The corporate form of ownership makes up ographical, let me say that I had enlisted in Hsia.o-p'ing as "Man of the year.'' In 1937, a substantial portion of the larger farm Mr. Wilson's crusade "to make the world safe Gener.a.Iissimo and Madame Chiang Ka.i-shek classes (over 40 percent !or those !arms sell­ for democracy" and that it seemed to me in were Time's "Man and Wife of the Year." The ing $500,000 and over). However. the extent all innocence a goal worth giving one's life thought constantly intrudes whether, with to which these larger corporate farms are for. The Washington I came to laughed at the a. little more realism and understanding, or !arm-family owned and operated, agribusi­ war I had enlisted in, and said that dream I ness conglomerates. or privately owned by had followed was preposterous. (I have heard simple common sense, Korea, Vietnam and nonfarm families remains unknown. recently of a veteran back from Vietnam, the boycott of China. had to happen. As Anne The changes in farm structure have had a with the stump of an arm, taunted by stay­ O'Hare McCormick once wrote: "Nations substantial impact on the rural sector. Farm at-homes who said, "It serves you right"!) My never go out to meet destiny. It always population has dropped from over 15.6 mil­ feelings were not bitter in that far-off day, catches up with them at an unexpected turn lion in 1960 to just under 8.3 m1llion in for I had made no great sacrifice--surely my of the road.") 1976, with a disproportionate number of elders knew better than I! But I pondered, The most important single activity of world those immigrating being young high school and wondered, and the episode left a mark. politics is the prevention o! nuclear war. The graduates. Few in present-day Washington, I guess, have two superpowers have over 13,000 strategic Areas dominated by larger farms have been as sensitive a feeling about Section 2, Article nuclear warheads aimed at each other, ca­ shown to provide fewer social amenities to II, of the Constitution giving the president pable of destroying each other. In the mean­ their residents. Rural businesses have also the right to make treaties, "provided two­ time nuclear weaponry is proliferating; six declined since the more sophisticated needs thirds of the senators present concur." or seven nations possess it and it can hardly of larger farmers, coupled with ilnproved It was 60 years ago this July that Wilson be kept secret; in a few years, probably, small transportation, have carried much of farm returned from the peace conference to find nations, or terrorist groups, will have black­ business outside of rural business centers. the Senate in an ugly mood, and debate over mail weapons. Will the superpowers cooper­ SUMMARY the League of Nations and Versailles treaty ate to meet this shared danger? I would like to conclude my remarks by already begun (as it already has begun today The SALT talks began in 1969. For three summarizing four points. over the SALT treaty). That was the dream­ years Nixon and Brezhnev exchanged visits: 1. Farmers have been going out of busi­ a League of Nations, a parliament of man, "Upon these bridges," said Nixon in Annap­ ness at the rate of 2,000 per week since the and a court to settle its disputes. Wilson took olis, June 5, 1974, "we are erecting a series 1940's. This has concentrated the production his case to the country, pleading with superb of tangible economic and cultural exchanges of agriculture in fewer and fewer people. eloquence that the "dear ghosts" of fallen that will bind us more closely together." He 2. The remaining farmers have stayed in Americans called for ratification and fore­ casting (accurately) a second world war if called it an enduring "structure of peace." business by seeking off-farm income and/or The question. now, perhaps this year, 1s be­ getting larger. But the continuing cost/ it were rejected. At all times, during the pro­ price squeeze suggests that getting larger is longed Senate debate, more than three­ tween continued detente, and a new, more no longer a solution for staying in business. fourths favored some League; they could not venomous round in the arms race. The Krem­ 3. Aggregate Federal government statistics agree on which League. They voted twice­ lin leaders are old men. Brezhnev has tied masks what is happening to the individual November 19, 1919, and March 10, 1920. Ulti­ his personal prestige to the forthcoming farmer in different regions and by crops. As mate vote: 49 ayes, 35 nays-so ratification agreement. But almost every day new we&lp­ a result policymakers do not know the full failed. The world was stunned. Incidentally, ons are invented. ilnpact of their decisions. 12 of the Senator's 96 did not vote; at least An hysterical woman called me up from 4. The basic question which need to be ad­ eight of these 12 favored ratification. World Los Angeles the other day: she had seen the War II arrived punctually as Wilson pre­ dressed: Is the U.S. losing its farm family doomsday film of the American Conservative dicted. res111ency to produce during adverse eco­ Union warning that "annihilation is 20 min­ nomic times?e That still left Elihu Root's World Court. America wouldn't join, but in 1946 the idea utes away." They have bought time on 207 was revived; the Senate committee ap­ TV stations, so far, to show it. A new group proved unanimously and the Senate approved of 170 retired generals and admirals are .TRB CITES DANGER OF HISTORY it too, 62 to two. But the emasculating "Con­ banded to rouse America to its peril. RERUN nally Amendment" was added during fioor And there is hazard, of course. SALT comes de bat~; the Court couldn't hear issues involv­ down to confidence in our negotiators. The ing domestic American matters, and the U.S. details are stupefyingly technical. The pub­ HON. PAUL SIMON should be sole judge of what was "domestic." lic will deciae on the basis of its faith in All U.S. presidents since then have opposed Jimmy Carter, and such faith is apt to run OF U.LINOIS the Connally Amendment. Senator Hubert low in the midst of an economic recession. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Humphrey tried to get it repealed in 1959, In a Congress o! 535 members, only 34 sena­ Thursday, March 8, 1979 but !alled. Other nations have followed America's restrictive policy and the World tors (1! all vote) have veto power. I can't • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, one of the Court, today, is a wrath. resist the feeling that I am seeing a rerun best columns in the Nation is the TRB As another example o! America's wary iso- of 1919.e