Karyomorphological Observations on Some Taxa of Asteraceae of Nepal

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Karyomorphological Observations on Some Taxa of Asteraceae of Nepal Pleione 7(1): 219 - 227. 2013. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Karyomorphological observations on some taxa of Asteraceae of Nepal 1 2 1 Pushpa Karna (Mallick) , Laxmi Manandhar and Buddha Laxmi Vaidya 1Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Central Department of Botany, Kirtipur, Nepal [Received revised 15.06.2013; Accepted 20.06.2013] Abstract Chromosome number and karyomorphology of ten taxa of Asteraceae viz. Ageratum conyzoides Linnaeus, Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) C.B. Clarke var. triplinervis, Aster peduncularis subsp. nepalensis Grierson, Bidens pilosa var. minor (Blume) Sherff, Crassocephalum crepidioides (Bentham) S. Moore, Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel, Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill, Spilanthes calva de Candolle, Tagetes patula Linnaeus, Rhynchospermum verticillatum Reinwwart collected from different parts of Nepal were observed. Chromosome numbers in somatic cells were recorded to be 2n = 20 in Ageratum conyzoides, Anaphalis triplinervis var. triplinervis; 2n = 40 in Aster peduncularis subsp. nepalensis; 2n = 24 in Tagetes patula; 2n = 36 in Bidens pilosa var. minor and Spilanthes calva; 2n = 40 in Crassocephalum crepidioides; 2n = 50 in Eupatorium adenophorum; 2n = 18 in Sonchus asper and Rhynchospermum verticillatum. Chromosome number and karyomorphology for Aster peduncularis subsp. nepalensis studied in this research are new report. Chromosome counts of Anaphalis triplinervis var. triplinervis, Eupatorium adenophorum, in the present investigation new numbers of chromosomes have been reported. Chromosome counts of Crassocephalum crepidioides, Rhynchospermum verticillatum and Tagetes patula tally with previous reports. The chromosome number and karyotype of the taxa in the present study except 3 taxa viz. A. conyzoides, C. crepidioides and S. asper are new record for Nepal. Key words: Asteraceae, Chromosome number, karyotypes INTRODUCTION Asteraceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants which comprise ca.1500 genera and 23000 species worldwide (Judd et al. 1999). In Nepal 111 genera and 417 species are reported from different regions (Press et al 2000; Ohashi 1975; Hara & Williams 1979). They are mostly from temperate to tropical regions. Cytological studies of different taxa of Asteraceae appear to be less known. However, karyomorphological studies of several species of Asteraceae have been done by several previous workers including Joshi (1988) and Malla et al (1981). Economically, the plants under present study come under one of the most important families of flowering plants having medicinal, aesthetic, and ornamental values. 220 Karyomorphological observations on some taxa of Asteraceae Leaf juice of Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa, and Eupatorium adenophorum is applied externally on cuts and wounds to check bleeding (FRBG 21, 2003). Plant paste of Spilanthes calva is applied on snake bite, root paste of Crassocephalum crepidioides is applied on cuts and wounds (DPR 28, 2007). Flower paste of Anaphalis triplinervis is used as an antiseptic application in wounds for both human and cattle (Bhattarai 1989; Pohl 1990). Plant paste of Sonchus asper is applied to wounds and boils (FRBG 21, 2003). Rhynchospermum verticillatum is used as ornamental plants. Roots and seeds of Tagetes patula are purgative, flowers are of great religious value and are used in worshiping ((DPR 28, 2007). MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten genera of Asteraceae were collected from different parts of the Nepal. Voucher specimens and reference slides are deposited in Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Mitotic study was made from the healthy root tips. Roots were excised at 11 to 12 A.M. and were pretreated in 0.002 mol. 8-hydroxyquinoline for 3 hours. The pretreated root tips were fixed in glacial acetic acid and ethanol in 1:3 ratios. Fixed root tips were stained in 2 % aceto-orcein and squashed with 45 % acetic acid. For karyotype analysis, method of classifying chromosomes suggested by Leven et al. (1964 – 1965) was followed. Photomicrographs of desired plates were taken; camera lucida drawings and ideograms for each taxon was done. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Photomicrographs of desired plates (PLATE - I: Fig. 1a-10a), Camera Lucida drawings (PLATE - II: Fig. 1b-10b) and Ideograms (PLATE - III: Fig. 1c-10c) for each taxon are given below. Cytological observations are summarized in Table 1. Ageratum conyzoids Linnaeus [2n = 20; Voucher No. 101] The karyotype consists of 4 different types of chromosomes with centromere at median point, median region, sub-median region and sub terminal region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 µm with mean length 1.4 µm and absolute length 14 µm. TF % is 38.5. Karyotype formula is M6+m4+sm8+st2. Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) C.B. Clarke var. triplinervis [2n = 20; Voucher No. 102] The karyotype consists of 3 different types of chromosomes with centromere at median point, median region, and sub terminal region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 µm with mean length 1.3 µm and absolute length 13.1µm. TF % is 40.4. Karyotype formula is M8+m10+st2. Aster peduncularis subsp. nepalensis Grirson [2n = 40; Voucher No. 103] The karyotype consists of 3 different types of chromosomes with centromere at median point, median region, and sub median region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 µm with mean length 1.1 µm and absolute length 23.6µm. TF % is 41.5. Karyotype formula is M18+m2+sm18. Bidens pilosa Linnaeus var. minor (Blume) Sherff [2n = 36; Voucher No. 104] The karyotype consists of 4 different types of chromosome with centromere at median point, median region, sub median region and sub terminal region. The chromosome length Pushpa Karna (Mallick) et al 221 ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 µm with mean length 1.0 µm and absolute length 19.2 µm. TF % is 38.5. Karyotype formula is M16+m2+sm16+st2. Crassocephalum crepidioides (Bentham) S. Moore [2n = 40; Voucher No. 105] The karyotype consists of 3 different types of chromosomes with centromere at median point, median region and sub median region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.2 to 1.7 µm with mean length 1.0 µm and absolute length 20.6 µm. TF % is 42.2. Karyotype formula is M22+m2+sm16. Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel [2n = 50; Voucher No. 106] The karyotype consists of 4 different types of chromosome with centromere at median point, median region, sub median region and sub terminal region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 µm with mean length 0.7 µm and absolute length 18.4 µm. TF % is 34.7. Karyotype formula is M4+m12+sm30+st4. Rhynchospermum verticillatum Reinwardt [2n = 18; Voucher No. 138] The karyotype consists of 3 different types of chromosomes with centromere at median point, median region and sub median region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 µm with mean length 0.5 µm and absolute length 5.1 µm. TF % is 39.2. Karyotype formula is M4+ m8+Sm6. Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill [2n = 18; Voucher No. 107] The karyotype consists of 3 different types of chromosomes with centromere at median point, median region, and sub median region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.41 to 2.1 µm with mean length 1.9 µm and absolute length 17.3 µm. TF % is 40.1. Karyotype formula is M6+m6+s6. Spilanthes calva de Candolle [2n = 36; Voucher No. 108] The karyotype consists of 4 different types of chromosomes with centromere at median point, median region, sub median region and sub terminal region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 µm with mean length 0.9 µm and absolute length 16.9 µm. TF % was 39.0. Karyotype formula is M14+m2+sm18+st2. Tagetes patula Linnaeus [2n = 24; Voucher No. 109] The karyotype consists of 4 different types of chromosomes with centromere at median point, median region, sub median region and sub terminal region. The chromosome length ranged from 0.4 to 1.7 µm with mean length 1.7µm and absolute length 21.2 µm. TF % was 40. 5. Karyotype formula is M8+m8+sm6+st2. Previous cytological works of Mehra & Remanandan (1975), Gaonkar & Torne (1991) showed two different haploid numbers (n = 10, 20) in Ageratum conyzoides. Maharjan (1977) reported n = 20 and Nirmala & Rao (1981) reported 2n = 20 in this taxon. Present study with 2n = 20 in this taxon tallies with the result of Nirmala & Rao (1981). According to the results of Morton (1993) and Dey (1979), the diploid number is 2n = 40 in this plants . However, Husaini & Iwo (1990) confirmed the number n = 18. Ageratum conyzoides have been found in three cytotypes. Haploid chromosome number n = 18 may be aneuploid situation. The cytological observation by Love & Love (1982) was with the haploid number n = 14 in Anaphalis triplinervis var. triplinervis. However in the present study, the diploid number is 2n = 20 for this species. In Aster peduncularis subsp. nepalensis, the diploid number 2n = 40 is observed this perhaps a new record for this taxon. 222 Karyomorphological observations on some taxa of Asteraceae Table 1. Karyomorphology of ten different members of Asteraceae. Name of the plants Chrom. Range of Mean Absolute Karyotype TF% Fig Number chrom. length length formula no. (2n) Length (µm) (µm) (µm) Ageratum conyzoides 20 0.2-1.3 1.4 14 M6+m4+sm8+st2 38.5 1a, 1b,1c Anaphalis triplinervis 20 0.2-1.3 1.3 13.1 M8+m10+st2 40.4 2a, var. triplinervis 2b,2c Aster peduncularis 40 0.2-1.3 1.1 23.6 M18+m4+sm18 41.5 3a, subsp. nepalensis 3b,3c Bidens pilos var. minor 36 0.2-1.3 1.0 19.2 M16+m2+sm16+st2 38.5 4a, 4b,4c Crassocephalum 40 0.2-1.7 1.0 20.6 M22+m2+sm16 42.2 5a, crepidioides 5b,5c Eupatorium 50 0.1-0.8 0.7 18.4 M4+m12+sm30+st4 34.7 6a, adenophorum 6b,6c Sonchus asper 18 0.41to 1.9 17.3 M6+m6+s6.
Recommended publications
  • Anaphalis Margaritacea (L) Benth
    Growing and Using Native Plants in the Northern Interior of B.C. Anaphalis margaritacea (L) Benth. and Hook. F. ex C.B. Clarke pearly everlasting Family: Asteraceae Figure 79. Documented range of Anaphalis margaritacea in northern British Columbia. Figure 80. Growth habit of Anaphalis margaritacea in cultivation. Symbios Research & Restoration 2003 111 Growing and Using Native Plants in the Northern Interior of B.C. Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting (continued) Background Information Anaphalis margaritacea can be found north to Alaska, the Yukon and Northwest Territories, east to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, and south to North Carolina, Kentucky, Arizona, New Mexico and California. It is reported to be common throughout B.C. except in the northeast (Douglas et al. 1998). Growth Form: Rhizomatous perennial herb, with few basal leaves, alternate stem leaves light green above, woolly white underneath; flower heads in dense flat-topped clusters, yellowish disk flowers; involucral bracts dry pearly white; mature plant size is 20-90 cm tall (MacKinnon et al. 1992, Douglas 1998). Site Preferences: Moist to dry meadows, rocky slopes, open forest, landings, roadsides and other disturbed sites from low to subalpine elevations, throughout most of B.C. In coastal B.C., it is reported to be shade-intolerant and occupies exposed mineral soil on disturbed sites and water- shedding sites up to the alpine (Klinka et al. 1989). Seed Information Seed Size: Length: 0.97 mm (0.85 - 1.07 mm). Width : 0.32 mm (0.24 - 0.37 mm). Seeds per gram: 24,254 (range: 13,375 - 37,167). Volume to Weight Conversion: 374.0 g/L at 66.7.5% purity.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Compounds in Anaphalis Margaritacea Lauren Healy SUNY Geneseo
    Proceedings of GREAT Day Volume 2012 Article 8 2013 Investigation of Compounds in Anaphalis Margaritacea Lauren Healy SUNY Geneseo Follow this and additional works at: https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/proceedings-of-great-day Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Healy, Lauren (2013) "Investigation of Compounds in Anaphalis Margaritacea," Proceedings of GREAT Day: Vol. 2012 , Article 8. Available at: https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/proceedings-of-great-day/vol2012/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the GREAT Day at KnightScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of GREAT Day by an authorized editor of KnightScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Healy: Investigation of Compounds in <i>Anaphalis Margaritacea</i> 93 Investigation of Compounds in Anaphalis Margaritacea Lauren Healy ABSTRACT The roots and tops from Anaphalis margaritacea, commonly referred to as Pearly Everlasting, were extracted using a mixture of ether and petroleum ether and analyzed through the use of various spectroscopic techniques. Dr. Ferdinand Bohlmann previously reported a thirteen carbon chlorinated polyacetylene found in the roots of Anaphalis species that was of much interest due to its structural similarity to known antibacterial and antifungal compounds. The goal was to successfully isolate and characterize this compound, known as (E)-5-chloro-2-(octa-2,4,6-triynylidene)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran, as well as identify other compounds previously unidentified in A. margaritacea. Although this particular compound has not been identified yet, various other compounds have, including terpenes, unsaturated compounds, and ring systems.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey for Alkaloids in Hawaiian Plants, III
    A Survey for Alkaloids in Hawaiian Plants, III PAUL J. SCHEUER, LAURA P. HORIGAN, AND WEBSTER R. HUDGINS! IN CONTINUATION of our systematic survey for METHODS alkaloids in Hawaiian plants2 we have collected The following procedure is the one which is and tested additional plant species on Oahu, recommended by Raffauf (1958). Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai. Of the 71 samples A 20 g. sample of dried plant parts was in the present report, 15 represent species which ground in a Waring blender with the addition had been tested by us previously. These results of some 95 per cent ethanol. The material was are included here since 13 of these samples were then extracted with 150 m!. of boiling ethanol collected at different locations and 2 gave test for 2 hr. The insoluble plant parts were removed results at variance with previous findings. All by suction filtration and the alcoholic filtrate specimens were collected from living plants. was evaporated to dryness on a steam bath un­ In parts I and II of this survey testing for der reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved alkaloids was carried out as described by Webb by stirring with a mixture of 50 ml. ether and phytoc~emical (1949', 1952) in his classical 50 ml. of 5 per cent hydrochloric acid. Part of study of the Australian flora. In folloWIng up the aqueous acidic extract containing the non­ some positive tests as indicated in the survey quaternary alkaloids was tested with Mayer's with actual isolation of alkaloids on a prepara­ reagent. The validity of a positive alkaloid test tive scale, it has been noted by us and by others was confirmed by adding powdered sodium (e.g., Raffauf, 19'58) that extraction and test­ chloride to another portion of the acidic ~xtract.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Diversity of Asteraceae in Uttarakhand
    Nature and Science, 2010 Bisht and Purohit, Medicinal Plants Diversity Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Diversity of Asteraceae in Uttarakhand Vinod Kumar Bisht*1 &Vineet Purohit1 1Herbal Research & Development Institute, Gopeshwar - 246 401, Uttarakhand, India. *E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: Geographically Uttarakhand represents six eco-climatic regions from 300 m asl to 7817 m asl, and abode to a variety of medicinal and aromatic plants, and their products are being used by local communities from time immemorial. Asteraceae is the largest family of medicinal and aromatic plants in Uttarakhand. The species of the family are growing from low altitude of Tarai Bhabar to the alpine. There are annual, biennial or perennial herbs, under shrubs, shrubs. This paper includes the database on various aspects of medicinal plants of the family Asteraceae in the state. The database on various aspects includes species richness, genera richness, medicinal use and altitude for the different species of the family Asteraceae. “Nature and Science. 2010;8(3):121-128]. (ISSN: 1545-0740)”. Key Words: asteraceae, diversity, medicinal and aromatic plants Introduction and tropical mountains. Some of the plants in Asteraceae are Uttarakhand lies between 28053’24” and 31027’50” medically important and are also commonly featured in N latitudes and 77034’27” and 81002’22” E longitude and medical and phytochemical journals. Many members of the covers an area of 53,483 Km2. The state is divisible into four family are grown as ornamental plants for their flowers. major geological formations: Siwalik (outer) Himalaya, Uttarakhand represents the reservoir of 85 species Lesser (lower) Himalaya, Greater (main) Himalaya and of the family Asteraceae, which are being used by the local Trans Himalaya with six eco-climatic regions: Sub-tropical people from time immemorial in traditional health care (<1500 m), warm temperate (1500-2500 m), cool temperate system.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Achene Micromorphology of Bellis L. (Asteraceae) Species from Turkey
    Acta Bot. Croat. 79 (1), 59–67, 2020 CODEN: ABCRA 25 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2020-006 ISSN 0365-0588 eISSN 1847-8476 Morphology, anatomy, palynology and achene micromorphology of Bellis L. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey Faruk Karahan* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Hatay, Turkey Abstract – In the present study, the morphological characters, root, stem and leaf anatomy, pollen and achene micromorphology of Bellis L. species (Bellis annua L., B. perennis L. and B. sylvestris Cirillo) distributed in Turkey have been investigated on light and scanning electron microscope. Palynological analysis showed that pollen characters were found as small to medium size, isopolar, radially symmetrical, oblate-spheroidal and prolate- spheroidal, tricolporate and echinate-perforate ornamentation in the three species. Achene characters were found dark brown to yellow in colour, often cylindrical, compressed, with thickened margin, obovate orobovoid shaped, pappus absent and the coat ornamentations are rectangular with short hairs on the surface. As a result of this study, leaf morphology and some pollen characteristics such as pollen size, shape, perforation and distance be- tween spines were demonstrated to be different among the Bellis species. Keywords: Bellis, common daisy, Compositae, taxonomy, SEM Introduction The genus Bellis L. (Asteraceae) has been included in the Fiz et al. (2002) studied the phylogenetic relationships subtribe Bellidinae Willk. (tribe Astereae Cass.) along with between Bellis and the closely related genera (Bellidastrum 117 other genera representing more than 3000 annual or Scop, Bellium L. and Rhynchospermum Lindl.) and evolu- perennial taxa (Bremer 1994). It is native to western, cen- tion of their morphological characters.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
    Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Plant Checklist DRAFT as of 29 November 2005 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Present in Park Rare Native Field horsetail Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Present in Park Unknown Native Scouring-rush Polypodiaceae (Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Present in Park Uncommon Native Brittle bladderfern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Present in Park Uncommon Native Oregon woodsia Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Present in Park Unknown Native Zigzag fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cheilanthes feei Present in Park Uncommon Native Slender lip fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cryptogramma acrostichoides Present in Park Unknown Native American rockbrake Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family) Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Present in Park Rare Native Lesser spikemoss Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella weatherbiana Present in Park Unknown Native Weatherby's clubmoss CONIFERS Cupressaceae (Cypress family) Vascular Plant Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Present in Park Unknown Native Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies concolor var. concolor Present in Park Rare Native White fir Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Present
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) of Jammu and Kashmir
    International Journal of Botany Studies International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 Received: 19-04-2019; Accepted: 23-05-2019 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 4; Issue 4; July 2019; Page No. 100-103 Diversity of tribe Astereae (Asteraceae) of Jammu and Kashmir BL Bhellum Department of Botany, Govt. College for Women, Parade, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India Abstract Introduction: The present paper deals with tribe Astereae comprising of 62 species representing 17 genera of family Asteraceae. The study of this tribe is based on the species within the limits of Jammu and Kashmir State. Many of the species are confined to the alpine zones of Kashmir Himalayas. Tribe Astereae is rich one and studies regarding the number of species in each genus are given. Material and Methods: The study of species of this tribe was made in different parts of Jammu and Kashmir. The genera and species were identified with the help of taxonomic literature and compilation of works of other authors wherever required. The change in colour of the florets on drying causes difficulty to know the identity of species. Result: The tribe Astereae is compiled for the first time from the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Astereae constitutes 2.06% and 2.53% of the species in Jammu and Kashmir and India respectively in comparison to 3000 species of this tribe reported from the world. Eight genera of the tribe Astere have been reported from the state of Jammu and Kashmir with single species. Keywords: astereae, Asteraceae, flora, Jammu and Kashmir, India Introduction species) and Conyza (5 species).
    [Show full text]
  • Propagation Protocol for Production of Anaphalis Margaritacea (L.) Benth
    Protocol Information USDA NRCS Corvallis Plant Materials Center 3415 NE Granger Ave Corvallis, Oregon 97330 (541)757-4812 Corvallis Plant Materials Center Corvallis, Oregon Family Scientific Name: Asteraceae Family Common Name: Composites; Aster family Scientific Name: Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. Common Name: western pearly everlasting Species Code: ANMA Ecotype: Seed was collected at both Mt Rainier and Crater Lake National park, at elevations ranging from 2,500 to 7,000 feet. Seed was plentiful in most years at both Parks. General Distribution: Widely distributed across north America, including several subspecies. Occurs at low to subalpine elevations; often a pioneer species on open slopes and meadows, roadcuts and gravelly soils. Propagation Goal: Seeds Propagation Method: Seed Product Type: Propagules (seeds, cuttings, poles, etc.) Stock Type: Seed from seed increase Target Specifications: Clean viable seed, free of noxious weeds. Propagule Collection: Seeds are easily collected from mature native stands; entire flowering heads were picked into cloth sacks and air dried. Avoid collecting herbage along with flower heads as it will be more difficult to thresh later. Initial seed viability ranged from 47 to 64%, with no pretreatment needed. Propagule Processing: The tiny seeds (8,000,000 to 11,000,000 per pound) can be threshed from well-dried flower heads using a geared-down hammermill, or stationary thresher 1 for larger quantities. Any moisture in the material or equipment will make cleaning nearly impossible. Seed extraction using a Kertz-Pelz stationary thresher (which allows for virtually 100 % capture of threshed material) was improved by running the material through the thresher 2 times.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
    ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • 23 Lokesh.Pmd
    Pleione 5(1): 193 - 195. 2011. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Anaphalis rhododactyla W.W. Smith (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae), a new record for Nepal Himalaya Sheetal Vaidya1 and Lokesh Ratna Shakya2 1 Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal E-mail: [email protected] [Received: 30.04.2011; Accepted: 30.05.2011] Abstract Anaphalis rhododactyla W.W. Smith (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) is reported as new record for Nepal Himalaya. Detailed description, illustration and relevant notes are provided. Key words: Compositae, Flora Himalaya, Phyllaries INTRODUCTION The genus Anaphalis was first described by Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle in the 6th volume of “Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis” (1837) and was placed under the tribe Senecioneae Cass. of Compositae Giseke. Compositae (Asteraceae Martynov) is nested high in the Angiosperm phylogeny in Asterideae/ Asterales (Funk et al 2009). Anaphalis is the largest genus within the Asian Gnaphalieae and is well diversified in the Himalayas (Meng et al 2010). According to Flora Himalaya Database (leca.univ-savoie.fr), there are 45 species of Anaphalis in the Himalayas. “Catalogue of Nepalese Vascular Plants” (Malla et al 1976), the first catalogue of vascular plants of Nepal Himalaya has recorded 10 species of the genus Anaphalis DC. The first comprehensive list of vascular plants of Nepal, “An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal” (Hara et al 1982) has given names of 16 species and seven varieties of the taxon. The most recent literature for Flora of Nepal, i.e. Annonated Checklist of Flowering Plants of Nepal (Press et al 2000) has also listed 16 species and seven varieties of Anaphalis DC.
    [Show full text]
  • 191 1917 FRUITLAND^ ' **< NURSERIES, • AUGUSTA" GEORGIA .(
    191 • 1917 % &*%- SPRAY OF ABELIA GRANDIFLORA'" Co, m /* < •». FRUITLAND^ ' **< NURSERIES, • ESTABLISHED 1856 AUGUSTA" GEORGIA .( BUSH OFABELIA GRANDIFLORA INDEX Fae« Page Page Page Abelia 36, 51 Crataegus 40 Ligustrum 42, 43, 52 Punica 21, 27 Acacia 81 Cryptomeria 54 Lilac 29, 30 Pyramidal Boxwood ....39 Acer 31 Cunninghamia 55 Linden 35 Pyrus 24 Actenidia 47 Cupressus 55, 56, 59 Liquidambar 33 Adam's Needle 47 Cydonia 24 I^iriodendron 33 Quercus ... .34, 35, 45, 46 Akebia 47 Cypress 55, 56, 59 Locust 28 Quince, Japan 24 Aleurites 31 Lonicera 26, 27, 49 Quinces 16 Almonds 16 Deutzia 24 Loquat 20, 41 Almonds, Flowering ....27 Dewberry 18 Raphiolepsis Indica . .. .46 Althaea 21, 22 Diervilla 30 Magnolia . .33, 34, 43, 44 Ampelopsis 48 Raspberry 18 Diospyros 14, 15 Mahonia 38, 44 Red Bud 33 Antigonon 48 Diseases, Fungus ..4, 5, 6 Maidenhair Tree 85 Aphananthe 82 ltetinosi>ora .... 58, 59, 60 Dogwood 32 Malus 84 Reed, Giant 52 Apple, Flowering Crab..34 Maple 31 Apples 8, 9 Rhododendron 46 Elaeagnus, 19, 20, 24, 25 Medlar, Japan 41 Rhodotypus 28 Apple, Crab 9 Melia 34 Apricots 9 40. 41, 48 Rhus 28 Elm 85 Metrosideros 44 Rhynchospermum 50 Arbor-vitae 53, 59 Mimosa 31 Arbutus 87 English Laurel 42 Robinia 28 Eriobotrya 20, 41 Mock Orange 27 Rosemary 28 Ardisia 37 Morus 34 Arundo 52 Escallonia 41 Rose, Mexican 48 Eulalia 52 Mulberries 20, 34 Rose of Sharon ....21. 22 Ashberry, Holly-leaved . .44 Mulberry, French 22 Aucuba 87 Euonymus 25, 49 Roses . 50, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 Exochorda 25 Mulberry, Weeping .... 34 Rosemarinus 28 Azalea 22, 37, 38 Myrtle 44 Myrtle, Crape 26 Bamboosa aurea 52 Ficus 49 Salisburia 35 Myrtle, Trailing 50 Salix 85 Barberry .
    [Show full text]
  • Designed Plant Communities for Challenging Urban Environments in Southern Finland - Based on the German Mixed Planting System Sara Seppänen
    Designed plant communities for challenging urban environments in southern Finland - based on the German mixed planting system Sara Seppänen Independent Project • 30 credits Landscape Architecture – Master´s Programme Alnarp 2019 Designed plant communities for challenging urban environments in southern Finland - based on the German mixed planting system Sara Seppänen Supervisor: Karin Svensson, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management Examiner: Jitka Svensson, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management Co-examiner: Anders Westin, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management Credits: 30 Project Level: A2E Course title: Independent Project in Landscape Architecture Course code: EX0852 Programme: Landscape Architecture – Master´s Programme Place of publication: Alnarp Year of publication: 2019 Cover art: Sara Seppänen Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Keywords: designed plant community, ecological planting, dynamic planting, naturalistic planting, mixed planting system, planting design, urban habitats SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management Abstract Traditional perennial borders require a lot of maintenance and climate to get an understanding of what is required of a plant to are therefore not so common in public areas in Finland. There is survive in these conditions. a need for low-maintenance perennial plantings that can tolerate The thesis looks into the difference between traditional the dry conditions in urban areas. Especially areas close to horticultural perennial plantings and designed plant communities, traffic, such as the middle of roundabouts and traffic islands need such as the German mixed plantings. easily manageable vegetation and they are therefore normally covered in grass or mass plantings of shrubs.
    [Show full text]