Pearly Everlasting N Ative Species Anaphalis Margaritacea1

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Pearly Everlasting Native Species Anaphalis margaritacea 1 SOURCE: https://www.flickr.com/photos/127605180@N04/31337886634 1. Shrub, tree, plant, or grass: Plant 2. Perennial or annual: Perennials2 3. Plant Height: Maximum 3 feet 3 4. Bloom period: July to October 4 5. Pollinators they attract: Butterflies (American Lady butterfly) and bees5 6. Edible to Humans: Yes6 7. Classification on endangered species list: N/A 8. Harbouring pests: N/A 9. Soil type requirements: Clay and sand7 10. Soil pH requirements: 6.1 to 7.5 8 11. Plants hardiness zone: 2 to 7 9 12. Wet/dry requirements: Medium dry to dry1 0 13. Watering: Only water if you want them to spread1 1 14. Shade/Sun Requirements: Full sun1 2 15. Precautions: N/A 16. Companions: Rhone aster, spear grass, fountain grass, maiden grass, autumn joy, and tall verbena 13 17. Additional Info: Deer tolerant 14 1 (In Defense of Plants, 2015) 2 ( Sarah Coulber, 2019) 3 (FSS, 2019) 4 (MinnesotaWildflowers, 2019) 5 ( Sarah Coulber, 2019) 6 (EWF, 2019) 7 (Wildflower, 2019) 8 (Davesgarden, 2019) 9 (PMN, 2019) 10 (PMN, 2019) 11 (GKH, 2019) 12 ( Sarah Coulber, 2019) Prepared by Kylee Smith for 13 (Gardenia.net, 2019) 20 Valley Harvest Farms: 14 (TMA, 2019) 20valleyharvest.com / Works Cited “Anaphalis Margaritacea (Pearly Everlasting).” Minnesota Wildflowers , www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/pearly-everlasting. “Anaphalis Margaritacea (Pearly Everlasting).” Gardenia.net, www.gardenia.net/plant/anaphalis-margaritacea-pearly-everlasting. “Anaphalis Margaritacea - Pearly Everlasting.” Prairie Moon Nursery, www.prairiemoon.com/anaphalis-margaritacea-pearly-everlasting-prairie-moon-nursery.ht ml. Matt. “Pearly Everlasting.” In Defense of Plants , In Defense of Plants, 22 Sept. 2015, www.indefenseofplants.com/blog/2015/9/22/pearly-everlasting. “Pearly Everlasting.” Canadian Wildlife Federation: Pearly Everlasting, cwf-fcf.org/en/resources/encyclopedias/flora/pearly-everlasting.html. “Pearly EverlastingAnaphalis Margaritacea.” EdibleWildFood , www.ediblewildfood.com/pearly-everlasting.aspx. “Pearly Everlasting.” Pearly Everlasting | The Morton Arboretum, www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/pearly-everlasting. “Plant Database.” Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin , www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=anma. “U.S. Forest Service.” F orest Service Shield, www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/anaphalis_margaritacea.shtml . https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/457/#b /.

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Anaphalis Margaritacea (L) Benth
Growing and Using Native Plants in the Northern Interior of B.C. Anaphalis margaritacea (L) Benth. and Hook. F. ex C.B. Clarke pearly everlasting Family: Asteraceae Figure 79. Documented range of Anaphalis margaritacea in northern British Columbia. Figure 80. Growth habit of Anaphalis margaritacea in cultivation. Symbios Research & Restoration 2003 111 Growing and Using Native Plants in the Northern Interior of B.C. Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting (continued) Background Information Anaphalis margaritacea can be found north to Alaska, the Yukon and Northwest Territories, east to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, and south to North Carolina, Kentucky, Arizona, New Mexico and California. It is reported to be common throughout B.C. except in the northeast (Douglas et al. 1998). Growth Form: Rhizomatous perennial herb, with few basal leaves, alternate stem leaves light green above, woolly white underneath; flower heads in dense flat-topped clusters, yellowish disk flowers; involucral bracts dry pearly white; mature plant size is 20-90 cm tall (MacKinnon et al. 1992, Douglas 1998). Site Preferences: Moist to dry meadows, rocky slopes, open forest, landings, roadsides and other disturbed sites from low to subalpine elevations, throughout most of B.C. In coastal B.C., it is reported to be shade-intolerant and occupies exposed mineral soil on disturbed sites and water- shedding sites up to the alpine (Klinka et al. 1989). Seed Information Seed Size: Length: 0.97 mm (0.85 - 1.07 mm). Width : 0.32 mm (0.24 - 0.37 mm). Seeds per gram: 24,254 (range: 13,375 - 37,167). Volume to Weight Conversion: 374.0 g/L at 66.7.5% purity.
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Investigation of Compounds in Anaphalis Margaritacea Lauren Healy SUNY Geneseo
Proceedings of GREAT Day Volume 2012 Article 8 2013 Investigation of Compounds in Anaphalis Margaritacea Lauren Healy SUNY Geneseo Follow this and additional works at: https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/proceedings-of-great-day Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Healy, Lauren (2013) "Investigation of Compounds in Anaphalis Margaritacea," Proceedings of GREAT Day: Vol. 2012 , Article 8. Available at: https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/proceedings-of-great-day/vol2012/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the GREAT Day at KnightScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of GREAT Day by an authorized editor of KnightScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Healy: Investigation of Compounds in <i>Anaphalis Margaritacea</i> 93 Investigation of Compounds in Anaphalis Margaritacea Lauren Healy ABSTRACT The roots and tops from Anaphalis margaritacea, commonly referred to as Pearly Everlasting, were extracted using a mixture of ether and petroleum ether and analyzed through the use of various spectroscopic techniques. Dr. Ferdinand Bohlmann previously reported a thirteen carbon chlorinated polyacetylene found in the roots of Anaphalis species that was of much interest due to its structural similarity to known antibacterial and antifungal compounds. The goal was to successfully isolate and characterize this compound, known as (E)-5-chloro-2-(octa-2,4,6-triynylidene)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran, as well as identify other compounds previously unidentified in A. margaritacea. Although this particular compound has not been identified yet, various other compounds have, including terpenes, unsaturated compounds, and ring systems.
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List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Plant Checklist DRAFT as of 29 November 2005 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Present in Park Rare Native Field horsetail Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Present in Park Unknown Native Scouring-rush Polypodiaceae (Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Present in Park Uncommon Native Brittle bladderfern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Present in Park Uncommon Native Oregon woodsia Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Present in Park Unknown Native Zigzag fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cheilanthes feei Present in Park Uncommon Native Slender lip fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cryptogramma acrostichoides Present in Park Unknown Native American rockbrake Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family) Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Present in Park Rare Native Lesser spikemoss Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella weatherbiana Present in Park Unknown Native Weatherby's clubmoss CONIFERS Cupressaceae (Cypress family) Vascular Plant Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Present in Park Unknown Native Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies concolor var. concolor Present in Park Rare Native White fir Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Present
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Propagation Protocol for Production of Anaphalis Margaritacea (L.) Benth
Protocol Information USDA NRCS Corvallis Plant Materials Center 3415 NE Granger Ave Corvallis, Oregon 97330 (541)757-4812 Corvallis Plant Materials Center Corvallis, Oregon Family Scientific Name: Asteraceae Family Common Name: Composites; Aster family Scientific Name: Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. Common Name: western pearly everlasting Species Code: ANMA Ecotype: Seed was collected at both Mt Rainier and Crater Lake National park, at elevations ranging from 2,500 to 7,000 feet. Seed was plentiful in most years at both Parks. General Distribution: Widely distributed across north America, including several subspecies. Occurs at low to subalpine elevations; often a pioneer species on open slopes and meadows, roadcuts and gravelly soils. Propagation Goal: Seeds Propagation Method: Seed Product Type: Propagules (seeds, cuttings, poles, etc.) Stock Type: Seed from seed increase Target Specifications: Clean viable seed, free of noxious weeds. Propagule Collection: Seeds are easily collected from mature native stands; entire flowering heads were picked into cloth sacks and air dried. Avoid collecting herbage along with flower heads as it will be more difficult to thresh later. Initial seed viability ranged from 47 to 64%, with no pretreatment needed. Propagule Processing: The tiny seeds (8,000,000 to 11,000,000 per pound) can be threshed from well-dried flower heads using a geared-down hammermill, or stationary thresher 1 for larger quantities. Any moisture in the material or equipment will make cleaning nearly impossible. Seed extraction using a Kertz-Pelz stationary thresher (which allows for virtually 100 % capture of threshed material) was improved by running the material through the thresher 2 times.
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Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise.
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23 Lokesh.Pmd
Pleione 5(1): 193 - 195. 2011. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Anaphalis rhododactyla W.W. Smith (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae), a new record for Nepal Himalaya Sheetal Vaidya1 and Lokesh Ratna Shakya2 1 Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal E-mail: [email protected] [Received: 30.04.2011; Accepted: 30.05.2011] Abstract Anaphalis rhododactyla W.W. Smith (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) is reported as new record for Nepal Himalaya. Detailed description, illustration and relevant notes are provided. Key words: Compositae, Flora Himalaya, Phyllaries INTRODUCTION The genus Anaphalis was first described by Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle in the 6th volume of “Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis” (1837) and was placed under the tribe Senecioneae Cass. of Compositae Giseke. Compositae (Asteraceae Martynov) is nested high in the Angiosperm phylogeny in Asterideae/ Asterales (Funk et al 2009). Anaphalis is the largest genus within the Asian Gnaphalieae and is well diversified in the Himalayas (Meng et al 2010). According to Flora Himalaya Database (leca.univ-savoie.fr), there are 45 species of Anaphalis in the Himalayas. “Catalogue of Nepalese Vascular Plants” (Malla et al 1976), the first catalogue of vascular plants of Nepal Himalaya has recorded 10 species of the genus Anaphalis DC. The first comprehensive list of vascular plants of Nepal, “An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal” (Hara et al 1982) has given names of 16 species and seven varieties of the taxon. The most recent literature for Flora of Nepal, i.e. Annonated Checklist of Flowering Plants of Nepal (Press et al 2000) has also listed 16 species and seven varieties of Anaphalis DC.
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Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory
Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory New York Natural Heritage Program Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory Established in 1985, the New York Natural Heritage NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an Program (NYNHP) is a program of the State University of online tool for invasive species reporting and data New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry management. (SUNY ESF). Our mission is to facilitate conservation of NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable rare animals, rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We online resources: Conservation Guides include the accomplish this mission by combining thorough field biology, identification, habitat, and management of many inventories, scientific analyses, expert interpretation, and the of New York’s rare species and natural community most comprehensive database on New York's distinctive types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and biodiversity to deliver the highest quality information for communities in a specified area of interest. natural resource planning, protection, and management. The program is an active participant in the The Program is funded by grants and contracts from NatureServe Network – an international network of government agencies whose missions involve natural biodiversity data centers overseen by a Washington D.C. resource management, private organizations involved in based non-profit organization. There are currently land protection and stewardship, and both government and Natural Heritage Programs or Conservation Data private organizations interested in advancing the Centers in all 50 states and several interstate regions. conservation of biodiversity. There are also 10 programs in Canada, and many NY Natural Heritage is housed within NYS DEC’s participating organizations across 12 Latin and South Division of Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources.
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Anaphalis Chlamydophylla Diels, Asteraceae Gnaphalieae, a New
Pleione 5(2): 348 - 351. 2011. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Anaphalis chlamydophylla Diels (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae), a new record for Nepal Himalaya Sheetal Vaidya1 and Lokesh Ratna Shakya2 1Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] [Received: 05.11.2011; Accepted: 28.11.2011] Abstract Anaphalis chlamydophylla Diels (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) is reported as new record for Nepal Himalaya. Detailed description, illustration and relevant notes are provided. Key words: Flora Himalaya, Phyllaries, Villose leaf surface INTRODUCTION The genus Anaphalis was first described by Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle in the 6th volume of “Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis” (1837) and was placed under the tribe Senecioneae Cassini of Compositae Giseke. Compositae (Asteraceae Martynov, nom. alt.) family is nested high in the Angiosperm phylogeny in Asterideae/ Asterales (Funk et al 2009). Anaphalis is the largest genus within the Asian Gnaphalieae and is well diversified in the Himalayas (Meng et al 2010). According to Flora Himalaya Database (leca.univ-savoie.fr), there are 45 species of Anaphalis in the Himalayas. “Catalogue of Nepalese Vascular Plants” (Malla et al 1976), the first catalogue of vascular plants of Nepal Himalaya has recorded 10 species of Anaphalis DC. The first comprehensive list of vascular plants of Nepal, “An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal” (Hara et al 1982) has given names of 16 species and seven varieties of the taxon. The most recent literature for Flora of Nepal, i.e. Annonated Checklist of Flowering Plants of Nepal (Press et al 2000) has also listed 16 species and seven varieties of Anaphalis DC.
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China's Biodiversity Hotspots Revisited: a Treasure Chest for Plants
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 130: 1–24 (2019)China’s biodiversity hotspots revisited: A treasure chest for plants 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.130.38417 EDITORIAL http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research China’s biodiversity hotspots revisited: A treasure chest for plants Jie Cai1, Wen-Bin Yu2,4,5, Ting Zhang1, Hong Wang3, De-Zhu Li1 1 Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China 2 Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China 3 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China 4 Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar 5 Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Scien- ces, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China Corresponding author: De-Zhu Li ([email protected]) Received 22 July 2019 | Accepted 12 August 2019 | Published 29 August 2019 Citation: Cai J, Yu W-B, Zhang T, Wang H, Li D-Z (2019) China’s biodiversity hotspots revisited: A treasure chest for plants. In: Cai J, Yu W-B, Zhang T, Li D-Z (Eds) Revealing of the plant diversity in China’s biodiversity hotspots. PhytoKeys 130: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.130.38417 China has been recognised as having exceptionally high plant biodiversity since the mid-19th century, when western plant explorers brought their discoveries to the atten- tion of modern botany (Bretschneider 1898).
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Cypsela Morphology of the Genus Anaphalis Dc
Pak. J. Bot., 39(6): 1897-1906, 2007. CYPSELA MORPHOLOGY OF THE GENUS ANAPHALIS DC. (GNAPHALIEAE-ASTERACEAE) FROM PAKISTAN RUBINA ABID AND M. QAISER Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-Pakistan. Abstract Cypsela morphology of 17 taxa of the genus Anaphalis DC., was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of cypsela surface all the taxa are divided into two main groups and most of the species are delimited due to their distinct micromorphological characters of cypsela. Introduction The genus Anaphalis DC., belongs to the tribe Gnaphalieae of the family Asteraceae and comprises 15 species in Pakistan (Qaiser & Abid, 2003). The cypsela micromorphological characters have played an important role of systematic significance in the family Astraceae (Kynclova, 1970; Merxmuller & Grau, 1977; Haque & Godward, 1984; Mateu & Guemes, 1993; Abid & Qaiser, 2002; Ritter & Miotlo, 2006; Abid & Qaiser, 2007a, 2007b; Abid & Zehra, 2007). Although in earlier reports on cypsela morphology of the family Astraceae from Pakistan only the tribes Inuleae and Plucheeae (Abid & Qaiser, 2002, 2007a,b; Abid & Zehra, 2007) have been studied.Cypsela characters in the genus Anaphalis have not received due attention (Anderberg, 1991; Qaiser & Abid, 2003). The present studies of cypsela morphology are carried out to strengthen the recognition of taxa in the genus Anaphalis from Pakistan. Materials and Methods Seventeen taxa of the genus Anaphalis DC., were studied for cypsela characters under stereomicroscope (Nikon XN Model), compound microscope (Nikon Type 102) and scanning electron microscope (JSM-6380A). For scanning electron microscopy mature cypselas were directly mounted on metallic stub using double adhesive tape and coated with gold for a period of 6 minutes in sputtering chamber and observed under SEM.
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A New Furobenzopyranone and Other Constituents from Anaphalis Lactea
ORIGINAL ARTICLES National Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry1, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biological Science2, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China A new furobenzopyranone and other constituents from Anaphalis lactea Ai-Xia Wang1, Qi Zhang2, Zhong-Jian Jia1 Received September 9, 2003, accepted November 1, 2003 Prof. Zhong-Jian Jia, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China [email protected] Pharmazie 59: 807–811 (2004) Together with twenty-one known compounds, a new furobenzopyranone was isolated from the whole plant of Anaphalis lactea. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods MS, IR, UV, NMR, including 2D-NMR techniques. The anti-bacterial activity of compounds 1, 4–6, 14, 15 and the anti-tumor activity of compounds 4–6 were tested. 1. Introduction 6-(40-hydroxystyryl)-4-methoxy-2-pyrone (14) (Talapatra et al. 1976), 6-(40-O-b-d-glucopyranose-styryl)-4-meth- There are about 80 species of Anaphalis (Compositae) all oxy-2-pyrone (15) (Romo et al. 1972), (E)-3-(3,4-dihy- over the world and more than 50 species distributed in droxyphenyl)-propenoic acid (16) (Asahi Research Cen- China (Editorial Committee of Zhongguozhiwuzhi, Chi- ter 1986), (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-propenoic acid nese Academy of Sciences 1979). But only a few have methyl ester (17), methyl 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate (18) been studied chemically. The whole plant of Anaphalis (Luo et al. 2001), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (19) (Asahi Re- lactea Maxim. has long been used as a Tibetan medicine search Center 1985), inositol (20), 1-methyl- inositol (21) for invigorating the circulation of blood, relieving phlegm and stearic acid (22).
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Anaphalis Gnaphalium, Reasonable, Closely Gnaphal
Notes on Malay Compositae by Josephine+Th. Koster (Rijksherbarium, Leiden) (Issued September 10th, 1941). the materials of the In working up genera Anaphalis, Gnaphalium and Blumea for Backer’s “Flora van Java” some new species, varieties and The this forms have come to light. results of work can by far not be considered be the to complete, as great lot of specimens collected in Java the under consideration in belonging to genera are preserved the “Herbarium van’s Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg”. Owing to the war these specimens were not available as yet. However, it may be useful to publish the novelties hitherto discovered. INULEAE-GNAPHALINAE. Many authors have indicated already that the genera Anaphalis DC. and Gnaphalium L. are difficult to be separated. Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. 11, 1856, 90) reduced Anaphalis to a section of Gnaphalium, as he did with Antennaria. This be should reasonable, were there not still more genera very closely allied to Gnaphalium and hardly to be separated, e.g. Helichrysum. It is up to a monographer of the Gnapha- which of linae, the closely related genera have to be considered sections of Gnaphalium and which have to be kept separate. As to the Javanese it from species seems possible, though not easy, to distinguish Anaphalis Gnaphalium. The heads of Gnaphalium contain few bisexual disc-flowers and two to numerous rows of female ray-flowers. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant. 11, 1876, 303) call the "heads of Anaphalis subdioecious". Clarke (Comp. Ind., 1876, 101) indicated already that one can find in the with heads female same species plants containing a great number of ray-flowers and few bisexual disc-flowers, as well as plants with a smaller number of female ray-flowers and many bisexual disc-flowers.
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