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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19928-5 - The Cambridge History of South African Literature Edited By David Attwell and Derek Attridge Index More information

Index

Abrahams, Lionel, 371, 478, 537, 592, 829 1948–94 literatures, 609–20: language Abrahams, Peter boards, 611; publishers, 610–11; Bantu World, 334 readership, 610; themes, 611–18 Dark City, 334 debate, 327, 421–2 Drum magazine and, 399 English and, 588 exile, 381, 410 literary criticism, 1910–48, 825–6 historical novels, 297, 305 modernity and, 327 influence, 334–5, 511 New African Movement, 325–37 language, 753 official languages, 2, 607 Mine Boy, 305, 334, 437, 482 post-1948 writing, 607–28 ‘Negro Youth’, 510–11 post-apartheid writing, 619–27: key figures, New African Movement, 333 625–7; response to liberation, 620–5; publishers, 707, 708, 710 translations, 625 racial classification, 432 publishing, 804–7: mission presses, 204–23, Return to Egoli, 334 293, 804 ‘Self ’, 511–12 transcription, 182, 204, 205–8, 327–8 Song of the City, 305 translations into, 293–4, 625, 746–7: Tell Freedom, 334, 410 autobiographies, 717 Wild Conquest, 242, 300, 334, 397 African Literature Association, 420–1 Abrahams, Yvette, 152 African National Congress (ANC) Achebe, Chinua, 305, 412, 415, 618, 801 1994 triumph, 384, 619 Act of Union (1910), 184, 218, 222, 223, 287, 291, apartheid period, 289 361, 476 ban, 552 Adamastor Christianity and, 570 African figure, 120–1 Cultural Desk, 645, 781 Afrikaans theme, 132–4 Drum magazine and, 395 Camoes,˜ 114, 117, 119 fictional support, 383 Campbell, 121, 123, 124, 344 Inkatha conflict, 647, 731 demise, 131–2 non-violent resistance, 382 early versions, 121–4 origins, 184, 222, 304, 812 post-Campbell versions, 126–31 periodicals, 824 Rabelais, 120 post-Sharpeville, 382 translations, 120–1 prison and, 554 Adams, H. C., 228, 231, 233, 234, 236, 239 prisoner release, 634 Adams, Willie, 457 unbanning, 453, 647 Adamson, James, 818, 819 African National Congress Youth League, African languages 289, 335, 350, 393 See also specific languages African National Convention, 184 nineteenth-century newspapers, 222–3 African National Theatre, 570

838

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19928-5 - The Cambridge History of South African Literature Edited By David Attwell and Derek Attridge Index More information

Index

African Writers’ Association, 478, 533, 644, translations, 746, 750–2 812 women poets, 434–5 African Writers Series, 708–9, 800, 806, women writers, 459–62 811 Afrikaanse Skrywersgilde, 454, 827 Afrika, Tatamkulu Afrikaner Bond, 213, 273 Bitter Eden, 725 AIDS, 385, 468, 492, 578, 620, 623–4, 627, 652, Innocents, The, 725 666, 682–3, 685, 691, 702, 730, 732, 774–5 Mr Chameleon, 724–5 Ainslie, Ros, 709 poetry, 593 Ainsworth, Harrison, 821 Afrikaans language Alexander, Peter, 368, 370 See also Afrikaans literature All African Convention (AAC), 303–4 1976 protest, 446 All African Languages Redevelopment Bible, 271, 272, 279 Institute of Southern Africa, 625 Eastern Border Afrikaans, 264 Altick, Richard, 801 English and, 588 Altman, Phyllis origins, 262–5 innocence, 392 recognition, 133 Jewish writer, 390 teaching language in black schools, 446, Law of the Vultures, The, 483, 706 552 publishers, 710 Afrikaans Language Monument, 262, 280 short stories, 390 Afrikaans Language Movement (First) Alvarez-Pereyre, Jacques, 831 Bible in Afrikaans, 271, 272, 279 amahubo, 89–90, 108 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’ and, 35 Amato, Rob, 571 literary production, 272–3 American Board Mission, 214, 218, 219 periodicals, 821 Amin, Idi, 580 Afrikaans Language Movement (Second), 824 ANC. See African National Congress Afrikaans literature Anderson, Benedict, 205, 249, 788 1652–1806 (Dutch period), 266–8 Anderson, Maxwell, 700 1806–75 (British hegemony), 269–80 Anderson, P. R., 36 Adamastor theme, 132–4 Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), 133, 184, 228–9, apartheid period, 384: 1948–76, 429; 246–60, 316, 340, 362–3, 372, 374, 464–5, 1976–90, 453–63; literary criticism, 827–8 697 autobiography, 725–9, 732–3 Anglo-Zulu Wars, 183, 228, 294 border literature, 458–9 Angola, 536, 634 Dertigers, 308–15, 316, 828 Anthing, Louis, 21 early poetry, 151 anthologies experimentalism, 792–4 nineteenth century poetry, 27, 31, 187–8, folklore, 28 819 gay and lesbian literature, 462–3 Afrikaans poetry, 308, 429–30, 457, 470 historical writing, 464–7 Black Consciousness, 502, 512 interregnum, 643–4 black cultural history, 813 literary criticism: 1910–48, 824–5; apartheid Black Mamba Rising (1986), 92, 534, 537 period, 827–8 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’ and, 32–4 national identity and poetry, 589 early Afrikaans poetry, 270, 275–6 origins, 182, 262–80 izibongo, 84–5 plaasroman, 315–22 Land Apart, A, 330 post-apartheid, 463–70, 688–91 lyric poetry, 588 publishing, 429, 454, 457, 467, 807–10, 814 oral literature, 42–3 realism, 436–8 prison poetry, 553 renaissance, 258 protest poetry, 526, 534 resistance, 453–63 |Xam literature, 32–4 Sestigers, 309, 315, 316, 383, 435, 438–46, 728, Xhosa poetry, 208, 278, 294, 303, 821 754, 792, 828 Anthony, Frank, 553

839

Index

anthropology, 85, 115, 159, 164–7, 172, 176, 232, influence, 462 294, 488, 821 regional literature, 318, 442 anti-Semitism, 341, 390 Sestiger, 441, 442 Anti-Slavery Society, 186 Sestiger contributions, 439 Antonissen, Rob significance, 385 Afrikaans literary history, 429 Auden, W. H., 597 on Cachet, 274 AUETSA, 831 on du Toit, 279 Austen, Jane, 195 early Afrikaans literature, 269, 277 Austin, Alfred, 249 on Grevenbroek, 267 autobiography. See memoirs and diaries literary criticism, 824, 828 Autsumao, Chief, 144–5 literary periods, 309 Ayliff, John, 193 origins of Afrikaans, 263 AZASO, 528 on van Riebeeck, 266 apartheid period Baartman, Sarah, 662, 771 See also post-apartheid period; resistance Bacon, Francis, 171, 330 African language literatures, 611–18 Baden-Powell, Robert, 227, 251, 257 demise, 633–49 Baderoon, Gabeba, 773–4 exile writing, 410–25 Bailey, Brett, 580 historical significance, 5 Bailey, Jim, 394, 395, 396 language policies, 607–8 Bain, Andrew Geddes, 187–8, 269–70 legislation, 382, 411 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 550 literary criticism, 826–32 Bakkes, Margaret, 268 origins, 289 Ballantyne, R. M. overview of period, 381–4 on Afrikaners, 233 political poetry and standards, 537–8 British-Afrikaner intermarriage, 236 prison writing, 545–61 on Bushmen, 238 publishing of black writers and, 403–5 class, 231 repression of poetry, 527–9 colonialism and sexuality, 234 rethinking poetry, 524–7 on criminality, 233 speaking places, 535–6 criticism of Governor Somerset, 230 van Wyk Louw and, 354–5 heroes, 233 women writers, 761–70 Settler and the Savage, The, 227, 233 Appadurai, Arjun, 698, 711 Bambatha Rebellion (1906), 229, 303, 341, 617 Aranda song cycles, 32 Bank, Andrew, 29, 174 Arendt, Hannah, 230, 232 Bannister, Saxe, 191 Ariosto, Ludovico, 120 Banoobhai, Shabbir, 502 Aristotle, 117 Bantu Education Act (1953), 382, 396, 412, 607, Armah, Ayi Kweyi, 653 610 Aron, Geraldine, 571 Bantu World, 332–3, 335, 396 Artists and Writers’ Guild, 478 Baptist, R. Hernekin (Ethelreda Lewis), 710 Ashton, William, 220 Baraka, Amiri, 419 Association of True Afrikaners (GRA), 182, Barker, Derek Alan, 790 262, 266, 272–7 Barnard, Anne, 158, 171, 174, 460, 769 Astbury, Brian, 571 Barnard, Chris, 439, 441–2, 567 Asvat, Farouk, 502, 537 Barnard, Rita, 536, 681, 711 Atkinson, William, 117 Barnett, Clive, 703 Attenborough, Richard, 704 Barnett, Ursula, 831 Attridge, Derek, 782, 783, 792–3 Barris, Ken, 666, 790 Attwell, David, 475, 639, 782, 784–5, 787 Barrow, John Aucamp, Hennie background, 158 cabaret, 457 colonial critique, 168, 171 diaries, 469, 721 critical debate, 173, 174

840

Index

Lichtenstein rivalry, 149 BLAC, 812, 815 travel narrative, 26 Black Consciousness view of Africans, 167 emergence, 383 Barter, Catherine, 718 feminism and, 772 Barthes, Roland, 643 legacy, 644 Basutoland Gun War (1880–1), 294 liberalism and, 477, 479 Basutoland. See Lesotho poetry, 500–20, 524–7 Bataille, Georges, 689 prison and, 552, 554 Batavia, 138, 145 realism, 389 Batavian Republic, 115, 148 traditional culture and, 90 Baudrillard, Jean, 453 Black Dog (play), 572 Bechler, W. F., 209 Black Mamba Rising (1986), 92, 534, 537 Bechuanaland. See Botswana Black Orpheus, 400, 404, 412, 709 Becker, Jillian, 487 Black, Stephen, 373, 824 Beckett, Samuel, 441, 573, 723 Blackburn, Douglas Behr, Mark, 659, 661, 665, 721 Boer character, 361–3, 366, 377 Beier, Ulli, 709 Burgher Quixote, A, 249, 362–3 Beinart, William, 173 career, 361 Bell, David, 786 Leaven, 361, 481 Benigna van Groenekloof of Mamre, 149, 209–10, literary oblivion, 360, 373 272 ‘Open Letter to a Prominent Krugersdorp Benjamin, Karel, 720 Jingo’, 361 Benjamin, S. P., 467 overview, 361–3 Benjamin, Walter, 301, 304, 641, 794 Prinsloo of Prinsloosdorp, 361–2, 363–7 Bennett, Arnold, 364 Blacks Resettlement Act (1954), 413 Benson, Mary, 709 Bleek, Dorothea, 21, 32 Bentham, Jeremy, 546, 550, 557 Bleek, Wilhelm Bergh, Olof, 143 Bushmen and settlers, 354 Bernanos, Georges, 568 on Bushmen’s imagination, 822 Bernstein, Hilda, 720, 721 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’. See ‘Bushmen’s Bernstein, Rusty, 656, 720 Letters’ Bertrand, Jean, 159 Reynard the Fox in South Africa, 28 Besselaar, Gerrit, 824 transcriptions, 16 Beukes, Gerhard, 566, 828 Blignaut, Aegidius Jean, 372–3, 824 Beukes, Lauren, 691 Bloem, T., 152 Beverley, Robert Mackenzie (‘Justus’), 191 Blomerus, Marie,´ 829 Bhabha, Homi, 742 Bloom, Harold (SA) Bhengu, M. V., 623 exile, 404 Bhudaza, 75 innocence, 392 Bible Jewish writer, 390 nineteenth-century literary criticism and, King Kong, 390, 566, 701 818–19 publishers, 708, 710, 711, 811 African languages, 205, 293, 607, 746, 752 short stories, 390 Afrikaans, 271, 272, 279 Bloom, Harold (US), and anxiety of Biehl, Amy, 771 non-inﬂuence, 6 Biesele, M., 28 Blum, Peter, 314, 316, 433–4 Biko, Steve Blumberg, Myrna, 709 Black Consciousness, 500–1, 553 Bode, Clement, 368 essays, 506 Bodibe, R. C., 612 liberal patronage, 539 Boehmer, Elleke, 259, 648, 771 literary criticism, 826–7, 828 Boer Republic, 61 manifesto, 500 Boer War. See Anglo-Boer War Bila, Vonani, 833 Boerneef (I. W. van der Merwe), 318, 436, 808

841

Index

Boetie, Dugmore, 784 cosmopolitanism, 317 Bokwe, John Knox, 210, 293, 330, 753 Dog Heart, 668, 729 Bolitho, Hector, 706 dystopic view, 470 Bone, Robert, 176 emergence, 314 Boniface, Charles Etienne, 263, 269, 818 exile, 424–5, 670 Bonner, Phillip, 297 experimentalism, 35, 643 Boraine, Alex, 656 imprisonment, 430, 527, 793 border literature, 458–9 Mouroir, 552, 644, 751, 793 Born in the RSA (play), 572–3 poetry, 444–5 Bosman, Herman Charles postmodernism, 453 Boer history, 376 prison writing, 445, 456–7, 548, 552, 644 Boer War short stories, 259, 372, 374 publishers, 707, 810 Cold Stone Jug, 550–1 resistance writing, 384 iconic status, 377 Return to Paradise, 728 local roots, 289, 391 Season in Paradise, A, 732–3 Mafeking Road, 360, 374 Sestiger, 792 multilingualism, 7 Sestiger contributions, 439 murder of his step-brother, 372, 550 Skryt, 445, 454, 456, 809 Oom Schalk Lourens stories, 362, 367, 373, True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist, The, 374–5 548, 552, 644, 720, 721, 793 overview, 372–7 Voetskrif, 445, 456 Plomer on, 376 Woordwerk, 728–9 on post-1910 period, 287 Bridekirk, William, 818 prison writing, 550–1 Brink, Andre´ short stories, 389–90 Act of Terror, An, 647 Touleier journal, 824 on Afrikaans language, 727 Transvaal, 372 Ambassadeur, Die, 440 Unto Dust, 371, 375, 376 Aspekte van die Nuwe Prosa, 828 Veld-trails and Pavements, 376 Chain of Voices, A, 699, 793 Botha, Jaco, 469, 688 cities, 688 Botha, P. W., 383 cosmopolitanism, 317 Botswana Donkermaan, 469 British colonialism, 61 Dry White Season, A, 490 communities, 21 Duiwelskloof, 669 folk-tales, 28 experimentalism, 792–3 land disputes, 22 First Life of Adamastor, The, 35, 133–4 migrant labour, 61 Fork in the Road, A, 728 Boulenger, Jacques, 173 historical writing, 153, 657 Bourdieu, Pierre, 539 Houd-den-bek, 455 Bouwer, Alba, 318, 464 Kennis van die Aand, 439, 440–1, 792:ban, Bouwer, Stephan, 446 383, 809 Boyce, William, 746 Land Apart, A, 330 Boyd, Mary R., 123 languages, 751 Bradlow, Edna, 199 literary criticism, 569, 790, 791–2, 828 Breakwater Prison, 20 Lobola vir die Lewe, 440 Brecht, Bertolt, 568 multilingualism, 7 Brereton, F. S., 226, 228, 230, 234 Oomblik in die Wind, ’n, 152, 440, 441, 455 Brettell, Noel, 127 origins of Afrikaans literature, 265 Breytenbach, Breyten Praying Mantis, 35 Afrikaans and, 452, 463 publishers, 707 Afrikaner identity, 589 resistance writing, 384, 454–5 And Death White as Words, 454 Rights of Desire, 657 anthologies, 553 SA 27 April 1994, 653

842

Index

Sandkastele, 268, 654, 662 ‘Bushman’s Presentiments’, 25–6 on Schoeman, 726 collection, 19 Sestiger, 440–1 colonial encounter, 21 Sestiger contributions, 439, 828, 829 creation of archive, 28–30 States of Emergency, 643–4, 648, 793 cultural cross-appropriation, 744–5, 752 translations, 455 impact on poets, 30–4 on TRC, 658 ‘Kabbo’s Intended Return Home’, 23 World of their Own, 502 landscapes, 25 Britten, Benjamin, 367 literary inﬂuence, 35–7 Brooke, Rupert, 369 narrative grammar, 21, 25 Brooks, Frederick, 818, 819 narrators, 20–1, 28 Brown, Andrew, 691 observer’s paradox, 30 Brown, Duncan, 24, 43, 88 overview, 19 Brown, J. Tom, 207 rock art and, 24–6, 31, 32, 36 Brownlee, Frank, 482 scholarly approaches, 21–3 Brutus, Dennis transcription, 20–1 exile, 418–20 vocabulary and orthography, 28–30 language, 753 zoological and botanical information, 25 Nkosi and, 415 Buthelezi, Gatsha, 530 on political writing, 537 Buthelezi, Princess Magogo, 86 prison poems, 552 Butler, Guy publishers, 412, 708, 709 ancestral sites, 593–5 Bryan, Hugh, 294 authenticity, 592 Bryant, Anthony (Fr David), 84, 217, 218–19, Butlerism, 478 294 ‘Cradock Mountains’, 594 Bryceland, Yvonne, 571 Dam, The, 567 Buchan, John ‘Elegy for a South African Tank administrator, 226 Commander’, 131 all male world, 234 ‘Elegy II’, 123, 595 heroes, 231, 233 on English language poetry, 590–1 on mineral wealth, 241 ‘Farmer’, 594 political criticism, 230 on Goldswain’s Chronicle, 194 Prester John, 229, 231, 239–40 ‘Grave Robbers’, 595 racism, 233 ‘Home Thoughts’, 126, 595 on Zulus, 238, 239–40 ‘Homecoming’, 594 Buckland, Andrew, 579 Karoo Morning, 719 Bud-M’belle, Isaiah, 294, 335 ‘Last Trekker’, The, 593 Buffon, Georges-Louis de, 161, 163, literary criticism, 829 164 local habitation, 605 Bulhoek massacre (1921), 504 Lusiads translation, 121 Buller, Redvers, 251 ‘Myths’, 595 Buntman, Fran, 555 ‘Natal Cantata’, 129–30 Bunyan, John, 205, 206, 208, 293–4, New Coin, 829 752 Pilgrimage, 132 Burchell, William, 22, 26, 173, 723 poetry, 593–5 Burgers, Thomas Francois, 276 publishers, 810 Burns, A., 700 South of the Zambesi, 371 Burns, Robert, 270, 279 ‘Sweetwater’, 593–4 Burroughs, William, 779 Buxton, Thomas Fowell, 192 Bushmen. See Khoi-San people Byron, Lord, 819 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’ autobiographical testimony, 22–3 Cabral, Amilcar, 325 ‘Broken String’, 30–4 Cachalia, C., 625

843

Index

Cachet, Lion, 265, 272, 273, 274–5, Carlin, Murray, 701 821 Carmichael, Stokely, 506 Caffre people, 170 Carstens, Peter, 165 Cairns, James, 577 Cartey, Wilfred, 415 Calhoun, Craig, 824 Cartwright, Justin, 492 Call me Woman (play), 572 Castanheda, Fernao˜ Lopes de, 120 Callaway, Henry, 822 Cattle-Killing movement, 199, 295, 347, 662, Calvino, Italo, 679, 687 785 Cameroon, 678 Celliers, Jan F. E. Camoes,˜ Luis Vas de Afrikaans movement, 277 Adamastor, 114, 117, 119 Boer War, 257 appropriation, 823 literary canon, 824 Cape, 119–20 Martjie, 317 on Gama, 128 Opperman on, 311 Lusiads, The, 114, 117 ‘poet of the first generation’, 309 translations, 120–1 van Wyk Louw on, 310 Campbell, Roy ‘Vlagte’, 258, 279 Adamastor, 121, 123, 124, 344 Vlakte en Ander Gedigte, 278 autobiographies, 719 war diaries, 719 Catholicism, 345, 346 censorship, 147, 382, 383, 425, 439, 565, 566–70, disjunction, 590 806, 809, 813 Flaming Terrapin, The, 342–3 Centre for South African Literature Research global reputation, 706 (CENSAL), 800–1 heirs, 126–31 Certeau, Michel de, 678–9, 681, 687 modernism, 339–42, 345, 346, 787–8 Cervantes, Miguel de, 362 mythologies, 341 Cesaire,´ Aime,´ 420, 503 overview, 342–7 Cetshwayo, defeat of (1879), 294, politics, 344 347–8 race, 355 Chalezac, Guillaume Chenu de, 174 ‘Reflections’, 352 Chalmers, James, 228 ‘Rounding the Cape’, 344, 587 Chamberlain, Neville, 72 ‘Tristan da Cunha’, 125 Chamfort, Nicolas, 171 Voorslag, 343–4, 370, 823 Champion, George, 78 Wayzgoose, The, 344 Chandler, Raymond, 691 Camus, Albert, 571, 784 Chapman, Michael Canonici, Noverino, 43 art talk and politics talk, 506 Cape Colony on ‘Bushmen’s Letters’, 30 nineteenth-century, 185–201: mission on Campbell, 344 presses, 209–14, 219–22, 293; periodicals, on Coetzee, 781 196–200, 219–22, 821 on colonialism, 739 British occupation, 115, 148 on essentialism, 794 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’, 19 historiography, 5, 8, 9 Camoes,˜ 119–20 on imperial romance, 227 Dutch settlement, 113–15: Afrikaans literary criticism, 831 literature, 266–8; archive, 138–40; on settler poetry, 188 contemporary fiction and, 151–4; end of Chartier, Roger, 801 VOC period, 148–51; European society, Chatwin, Bruce, 32 145–8; historical novels, 464; Hottentot Chaucer, Geoffrey, 330, 354 representations, 143–5; Khoi contact Chekhov, Anton, 364, 569, 572 zone, 140–1; revisionism, 151; Riebeeck Cheyney, Peter, 397 journal, 141–3, 144–6, 151, 169 chick lit, 774 Cape Ordinance (1829), 197 Chimurenga (1896–97), 228

844

Index

Christianse,¨ Yvette engagements, 383 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’ and, 36 English language poetry in South African Castaway, 772 landscape, 591–2 emigration, 670 experimentalism and, 779–80, 781–2 history, 657, 771, 772 Foe, 489, 783, 816 Unconfessed, 36, 657, 773, 795 In the Heart of the Country, 242, 488, 591, 698, Chude-Sokei, Louis, 833 782, 790 Church of Sweden Mission, 216 international reputation, 703, 704 Churchill, Winston, 250, 251, 253, Land Apart, A, 330 259 liberalism, 474, 488–90 Citashe, W. W. See Wauchope, Isaac Life & Times of Michael K, 443, 488–90, 491, cities 638–9, 783 discrepant cities, 682–5 literary critics on, 782–4, 831 generic cities, 691–2 magic realism and, 789, 791 insinuated cities, 685–8 Master of Petersburg, The, 783 ontological cities, 688–91 metaﬁction, 786 post-apartheid, 669–70, 676–92 modernism, 474, 782–4 transitional cities, 680–2 multilingualism, 7 urban migration, 677–8 ‘Note on Writing, A’, 604–5 Claassens, H. W., 267, 268 ‘Novel Today, The’, 638 Clapp, Lewis, 417 oblique narratives, 384 Clarke, Peter, 400, 401 on Pauline Smith, 365 Claude Lorrain, 122 on plaasroman, 315–16 Claudius, Heinrich, 146 postmodernism, 490 Clayton, Cherry, 831 publishers, 707, 811 Clingman, Stephen, 474, 831 reading list, 801 Cloete, Henry, 150, 153 on Rooke, 703 Cloete, Pieter, 267–8 Summertime, 723, 783 Cloete, Stuart, 708 translations, 445, 460 Clouts, Sydney, 127, 128, 130, 132, 592 TRC and, 658 CODESA, 634, 681 Waiting for the Barbarians, 443, 488–9, 490, Coetse,´ Jacobus, 143, 152 637–8, 699, 783: CNA award, 816 Coetzee, Ampie, 454, 792, 808, 829, on White South Africans, 604–5 832 White Writing, 831 Coetzee, Carli, 152 Youth, 723–4, 783 Coetzee, Christoffel, 258, 465 Coetzee, Johan, 459 Coetzee, Cyril, 134 Cole, Alfred Whaley, 821 Coetzee, Greig, 575, 579 Cole-Beuchat, P. D., 42 Coetzee, J. M. Colenso, Frances. See Wylde, Atherton Age of Iron, 489–90, 491, 646–7, 721, 783 Colenso, John William, 205, 294, 343 autobiography and, 722–3, 732, 783 colonialism ‘Book in Africa, The’, 800–3, 815–16 eighteenth-century critique, 165, 167–71 Boyhood, 493, 659, 722–3, 783 historical signiﬁcance, 5 on Breytenbach, 644 literature and, 739 on Bushmen, 22 lyric poetry and, 590–3 on Cape Colony, 138 mfecane and, 301 Disgrace, 321, 469, 492, 659, 661, 663–4, 668, Columbus, Christopher, 113–14, 130 742 Comaroff, Jean and John, 667 Doubling the Point, 733 Communist Party, 401, 411, 824 Dusklands, 152, 242, 488, 782 confessions. See memoirs and diaries Elizabeth Costello, 733, 783 Congo, 678 emigration, 670 Congress for Cultural Freedom, 412

845

Index

Conrad, Joseph liberated zones, 536 change of language, 751 on lyric poetry, 587 frame narratives, 369 on oral cultures, 49, 53 Heart of Darkness, 168, 321, 441, 468–9, 670, protest poetry and, 49, 524 690 on UDF treason trial, 527–8 Conradie, Elizabeth, 139, 824 on umrabulo, 533 Constitution, 2, 608 ‘Venture into the Interior’, 36 Convention for a Democratic South Africa Cronwright-Schreiner, Samuel, 758 (CODESA), 634, 681 Crosland, W. H., 253 Conyngham, John, 259, 491 Cry Freedom (film), 704 Cook, A. W., 42 Cullen, Countee, 333 Cook, H. J., 146 Cullinan, Patrick Cooke, Vanessa, 573 authenticity, 592 Cooper, Brenda, 789 ‘Billiard Room, The’, 596 Coovadia, Imraan, 385, 666 cities, 595, 596, 600 Cope, Jack ‘Exiles’, 596 anthologised works, 813 ‘François le Vaillant’, 595–6 Contrast, 829 on Gordon and Diderot, 161, 174 exile, 404 ‘Johannesburg’, 596 liberal novels, 483 poetry, 595–7 liberalism, 485 ‘Sir Tom’, 596 Penguin Book of South African Verse, The, 27, ‘Word in the Ear, A’, 596 31 cultural cringe, 821 publishers, 708 Cultural Desk, 645, 781 ‘Rock Painting’, 36 Culture in Another South Africa (CASA), 645 short stories, 390–1, 392–3 Cumming, Gordon, 188 Cope, Trevor, 84, 827 Currey, James, 708, 709 Coplan, David, 43, 47–8, 86, 87, 399 Currey, Ralph, 590 Coppola, Francis Ford, 458 Cussons, Sheila, 446, 461 Cornwell, Gareth, 9, 127 Cuthbertson, Greg, 247 Correggio, 122 Cortes, Hernan,´ 353 Dakar World Festival of Negro Arts (1966), COSATU, 47, 54, 531–2, 781 415 COSAW, 532–5, 539–40, 645, 781, 812 Dalindyebo, Chief Jongintaba, 48 COSAW Women’s Forum, 535 Dalindyebo, Chief Sabata, 51 Coullie, Judith, 766 Damane, Mosebi, 827 Couzens, Tim, 223, 831, 832 Damas, Leon, 503 Cowling, Lesley, 700 Dangor, Achmat Cradock Four, 643 Bitter Fruit, 659, 663 crime fiction Black Consciousness, 502 magic realism, 791–2 ‘Once there was a Poem’, 508–9 post-apartheid, 667–8, 691–2 TRC and, 658 Zulu literature, 618 Dante Alighieri, 128 Cripps, A. S., 124 Dapper, Olfert, 26, 144, 164 Crisp, Bob, 394 Darnton, Robert, 801 Cronin, Jeremy Darwinism, 22, 230, 232 on Adamastor, 125 Das, Sisir Kumar, 4–5 Black Consciousness, 501 Davashe, Mackay, 519 Even the Dead, 658 Davids, Jennifer, 523 on imbongi, 50 Davids, Nadia, 576, 774 imprisonment, 527 Davidson, John, 201, 343, 345 Inside, 548, 553–4 Davies, Carole Boyce, 766 ‘Jeremiad’, 656 de Bremont,´ Anna, 227, 229, 233

846

Index

de Crespigny, Caroline, 709 Moshoeshoe, 348, 350 de Klerk, F. W., 656 multilingualism, 7 de Klerk, W. A., 437, 567 myth, 341 de Kock, Leon, 8, 666, 670–1, 698 New African Movement, 326, 329, 333–4 de Kok, Ingrid oral poetry and drama, 43 ‘Head of the Household’, 775 overview, 347–51 protest poetry, 524, 593 Pass, The, 348, 570 ‘Small Passing’, 767 philosophy, 356 Terrestrial Things, 658 poetry, 348–9 de la Mare, Walter, 369 politics, 350 de Lanerolle, Ros, 709 on praise poetry, 85 de Lange, Johann, 462, 463, 688 reading culture, 355 de Lima, Joseph Suasso, 818 ‘Reflections’, 349 de Mist, Jacob Abraham, 148–9 on Shakan legacy, 302 de Reuck, Jenny, 190 short stories, 349 de Villiers, C. G. S., 318, 436 Valley of a Thousand Hills, The, 336, 348, 589 de Vries, Abraham, 439, 441, 442, 469 variety theatre, 566 de Wet, Christiaan, 258 Dhlomo, R. R. R. de Wet, Reza, 458, 569 African Tragedy, An, 292, 305, 481, 676 de Wette, Julian, 457 Bantu World, 333 Deacon, Janette, 37 historical novels, 296, 302 Deacon, Thomas, 467 journalism, 293 Dederick, Robert, 130 language, 753 Defoe, Daniel, 489 multilingualism, 7 Degerando,´ Marie-Joseph de, 165 publishers, 806 Dehan, Richard (Clotilde Graves), 227, 228 reviews of, 826 Dekker, Gerrit, 263, 308, 429, 824 diamonds, 183, 227, 229, 240–2, 250, 251, 719 Delius, Anthony, 126, 127, 590 diaries. See memoirs and diaries Delmas, Adrien, 145, 154 Dias, Bartholomeu, 113–14, 118, 121, 126, Derrida, Jacques, 453, 832 128–30, 131, 132, 133 Dertigers, 308–15, 316, 828 Diderot, Denis, 115, 161, 174 Dessin, Joachim von, 148 Dido, E. K. M., 467, 468, 654, 720 detective stories. See crime fiction difela. See lifela Deumert, A., 264 Dike, Fatima, 571, 574 Devenish, Annie, 557 Dikeni, Sandile, 530, 540 Dhlamini, Ezekiel, 566 Dikobe, Modikwe, 535, 708 Dhlomo, Herbert I. E. dikoma, 63–5 Albie Sachs debate and, 539 Dingake, Michael, 548–9, 552 Bantu World, 334 Dingane, King, 78, 618 Black Consciousness, 511 Dingiswayo, King, 617 Cetshwayo, 347–8 Dinizulu, King, 216, 219 critical survey of, 831 Diodorus Siculus, 118, 119 Drum magazine and, 397, 399 District Six, Cape Town, 381, 382, 400–3, 413, Expert, The, 350 640, 677 heroes, 347 dithoko on historical novel writing, 304 dikoma and, 65 on historiography, 298–9 lifela and, 68–9 influence, 511, 534 literary impact, 70, 72, 75 journalism, 293, 395 praise poetry, 60, 65–7 language and, 327, 333–4, 341, 350, 753 recent past, 65–7 literary criticism, 349–50, 825, 826 Dlamini, Moses, Hell Hole, Robben Island, 552, Malaria, 348, 350 559 modernism, 339–42 Doke, Clement Martyn, 327, 330–1, 805

847

Index

Doman, 145 journalism, 218–19, 293 Domingo, Eddie, 437 language, 753 Donne, John, 419 Plomer and, 371 Dopper-Hollands, 270 politics, 222–3 Dornford-May, Mark, 704 publishers, 805 Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 364, 779, 783 Ujeqe Insila kaShaka, 296 Douglas, Elizabeth, 226, 229 Dube, Mcasule, 81–2 Dovey, Teresa, 782, 831 Dubow, Saul, 199, 201 Dowling, Finuala, 670 Duchet, Michelle, 165, 172, 173 Doyle, Arthur Conan, 248, 253 Duiker, K. Sello Drayson, A. W., 227, 229, 233, 238 fraught vision, 385 Drennan, E. E., 823 gay writer, 492–3, 661 Driver, C. J., 423–4, 487, 707, 709 language, 753 Driver, Dorothy, 364, 555, 759 Quiet Violence of Dreams, The, 492–3, 664–5, Drum magazine 669, 682, 683–4 1950s editors, 394–5 Thirteen Cents, 664, 682, 684–5 Cry the Beloved Country and, 701 Duminy, Johanna Margaretha, 268 Drum decade, 387 Duncan, Patrick, 424 Kunene debates against, Dunn, John, 347 launch, 223 Durrant, Geoffrey, 828–9 overview, 393–400 Dutch East India Company (VOC) tradition and modernity, 334 Cape archive, 139 women and, 405 Cape settlement, 114–15, 138–9 Dry White Season, A (ﬁlm), 704 censorship, 147 Dryden, John, 354 employees, 146–7 du Bois, W. E. B., 334, 411 end of Cape period, 148–51 du Plessis, Clinton, 457 historiography, 154 du Plessis, Hans, 467 interior explorations, 142 du Plessis, Menan,´ 491, 640 interpreters, 145 du Plessis, Phil, 446, 567, 829 knowledge of Khoikhoi, 144 du Plessis, T and H., 271, 272 record keeping, 141–2 du Toit, D. F., 275–6, 807 researches, 146 duToit,J.D.(Totius) trade relations with Khoikhoi, 142 First Afrikaans Language Movement, 821 Afrikaner history, 258 Eagleton, Terry, 356 background, 279, 311 East Germany, 414 Bible in Afrikaans, 272, 279 Eastern Border Language Movement, 271 Boer War, 257 Eberly, Rosa, 834 GRA and, 272 Ebrahim, Vincent, 571 literary canon, 824 Eden, Charles, 227 poetry, 279, 309 Edjabe, Ntone, 833 Trekkerswee, 317 Effendi, Sheik Abu Bakr, 271, 280 war diaries, 719 Eglington, Charles, 129, 131 duToit,S.J. Egypt, 118 ‘How the Dutch Invaded the Cape’, 151 Eiselen Commission on Bantu Education, 412 Koningin van Skeba, Di, 274 Eisenstein, Elizabeth, 801 Magrieta Prinsloo, 274 elearning4Africa, 55 Sambesia, 274 Eliot, T. S. theologian, 279 Campbell and, 343 Dube, Adelaide, 219 Four Quartets, 750 Dube, John Langalibalele literary criticism, 828 Dhlomo and, 349 modernism, 133, 339 Isitha Somuntu, 303 correlative, 343, 352, 431

848

Index

Pauline Smith and, 364 ﬁlm, 621, 704, 707 Waste Land, The, 343, 354, 587 Film and Publication Board (FPB), 814 Ellenberger, Frederic, 208 Finnegan, Ruth, 43, 65, 85 Ellenbogen, Nicholas, 579 First, Ruth, 552, 556–8, 709, 831 Ellison, Ralph, 415 Fitzpatrick, James, 818 Elphick, R., 26, 143, 154 Fitzpatrick, Percy, 719 Eluard, Paul, 313 Flaubert, Gustave, 364, 808 empire Fleischer, Tony, 477 See also Anglo-Boer War; Cape Colony Fleischman, Mark, 579–80 imperial romance, 182–3, 226–42 Fleming, Ian, 371 integrative effects, 183–4 Foden, Giles, 259 women and imperial romance, 233 folk-tales Engels, Friedrich, 9 Botswana, 28 Enlightenment, 115, 161–4, 165, 172, 546–7, 550 Litsomo, 42 Eprile, Cecil, 395 women, 96, 760 Eprile, Tony, 659 Xhosa, 43, 760, 825 Erlmann, Veit, 698 Foot-Newton, Lara, 577–8 Escarpit, Robert, 801 Forbes, Vernon, 160, 163 Essau, Abraham, 465 Ford Foundation, 709, 813 essentialism, 794–6 Forester, Thomas, 176 Essop, Ahmed, 385, 640 Fort Hare College, 292, 394, 423 Esterhuizen, Louis, 470 Fortune, L., 43 Esterhuyse, D. C., 270 Foster, Craig, 37 Ethiopia, 72, 118–19 Foucault, Michel, 172, 453, 555, 638 Ethiopianism, 326 Fouche,´ Jaco, 688 eugenics, 230 Fourie, Charles, 569 Evans, Hugh, 124 Fourie, Hermanus, 100–1, 106 exile writing, 410–25 Fourie, Pieter, 457 experimentalism, 35, 643, 779–96 France Eybers, Elisabeth Cape Colony and, 115 Afrikaner identity, 589 Enlightenment, 115 apartheid critic, 315 Revolution, 174, 176 Dertiger poet, 313 Francis of Assisi, 443 existential work, 461 Francken, A., 151 literary reputation, 434–5 Franz, G. H., 42 Frere, Bartle, 33 Fairbairn, John, 196–7, 818, 820 Freud, Sigmund, 340 Fallaw, Lance, 123, 127 Frontier Wars (1834), 194 Fanon, Frantz, 237, 420, 742, 834 Frye, Northrop, 228 Farber, Yael, 574, 580–1 Fugard, Athol Farﬁeld Foundation, 709 anti-apartheid theatre, 383 Farrell, David, 127 Blood Knot, 568 Faure, Abraham, 818 Boesman and Lena, 568 Faure, Piet, 273 Coat, The, 570–1 February, Vernon critical survey of, 831 ‘Klein Begin’, 271, 274, 277, 279 Hello and Goodbye, 568 Mind your Colour, 831 international reputation, 565, 701 rewriting the classics, 457 Island, The, 571 Febvre, Lucien, 801 Master Harold, 568 Feni, Dimile, 517 No-Good Friday, 570 Fenn, George, 228 People are Living There, 567 Ferreira, Jeanette, 268 Road to Mecca, The, 568 Ferrus, Diana, 720 Sizwe Bansi is Dead, 571

849

Index

Fugard, Athol (cont.) Glenn, Ian, 144, 164 Statements after an Arrest under the global readers, 697–711 Immorality Act, 571 globalisation, 665–71 Train Driver, The, 701 Gluckman, Leon, 566 Tsotsi, 484 Gobodo-Madikizela, Pumla, 703 Victory, 577 Godlonton, Robert, 191, 818 Fugard, Sheila, The Castaways, 488 Gods Must Be Crazy, The (film), 707 Fula, Arthur, 433, 437 gold, 183, 229, 240–2, 250, 719 Fuze, Magema ka Magwaza, 294, 753, Goldswain, Jeremiah, 193–5 754 Good, Anne, 159, 164, 165–6, 174 Goosen, Jeanne, 461, 462, 659 Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 643 Gordimer, Nadine Gagiano, Annie, 416, 656 anthologised works, 813 Galane, S., 56 Burger’s Daughter, 487–8, 768 Galgut, Damon Conservationist, The, 242, 487, 488, 491, 698, gay writer, 661 773 Good Doctor, The, 492, 660–1 COSAW, 645 Imposter, The, 668–9 critical survey of, 831 significance, 385 Drum magazine and, 397 Gallagher, S. V., 730 early work, 381 Gama, Vasco da, 114, 117, 118, 119–20, 126, 127, engagements, 383 128, 130, 133 on experimental fiction, 781 Gama, Victor, 833 gender issues, 761, 768 Gandhi, Mohanda Karamchand Get a Life, 493 Autobiography, 247 Guest of Honour, A, 487 Boer War, 247, 251 House Gun, The, 492, 668, 774 fictional representation, 259 ‘house of the white race’, 655 progressive tradition, 343 imaginings of the future, 384 Gaskell, Elizabeth, 823 on interregnum, 384, 636 gay and lesbian writing Jewish writer, 390 Afrikaans literature, 462–3 July’s People, 488, 491, 636–7 post-apartheid period, 385, 661–2 Late Bourgeois World, The, 474, 486–7 rise, 384 liberalism, 474, 487 Gelbin, Gertrude, 710 literary criticism, 502 Geldenhuys, Richard, 457 Lying Days, The, 483 gender. See women My Son’s Story, 488, 646, 768 Genet, Jean, 571 Nakasa and, 400, 417 Genette, Gerard,´ 615 None to Accompany Me, 488, 648, 655, 661, George, Katherine, 168, 171–2, 176 664, 771 Gerard,´ Albert, 4, 8, 10–11, 296, 297, 827, 831 Occasion for Loving, 485 German romanticism, 4, 311 Pickup, The, 492, 663 Gershwin, George, 566 powers of art, 489 Gezelle, Guido, 279 publishers, 707, 708, 711 Ghana, 10–11 realism, 490 Gibbon, Perceval, 480 resistance theme, 383 Gilfillan, J. M., 659, 664 SA 27 April 1994, 653 Giliomee, Hermann, 727 short stories, 389, 390–1, 485 Gillham, David, 829, 831, 832 solidarity, 645 Gissing, George, 364 Sport of Nature, A, 488, 646, 653 Gladstone, William, 201 World of Strangers, A, 484 Glanville, Ernest, 226, 227, 228, 229 Gordon, Janet, 226, 231 Glasgow Missionary Society, 205, 206, 210, Gordon, Robert 211–12 background, 158

850

Index

influence, 115, 164, 174 Green, Lawrence, 810 Kolb and, 159 Green, Martin, 231 meeting with Diderot, 161 Green, Michael (also Michael Cawood origins of Afrikaans, 263 Green), 794 Gottshalk, Keith, 524, 527, 529–30, Greig, J. Y. T., 828–9 538 Grendon, Robert Goudvis, Bertha, 393 journalism, 214, 215, 218–19, 222 Govender, Kessie, 571 poems, 216 Govender, Pregs, 656, 772 Pro Aliis Damnati, 336 Govender, Ronnie, 385, 571, Greshoo, Jan, 824 576 Grevenbroek, Johannes de Govinden, Devarakshanam, 774 colonial critique, 168, 171 Gqoba, William Wellington fictional representation of, 153 influence, 334 origins of Afrikaans literature, 267 journalism, 211, 293 use of Latin, 144 language, 327, 330 VOC employee, 158 Gqubule, T. S. N., 206 Grey, George, 26, 27 GRA. See Association of True Afrikaners Grobler, G. M. M., 615, 620, 626 (GRA) Groenewald, H. C., 624, 626 Graham, Lucy, 703 Groenewald, Manie, 43, 97, 99, 101 Graham, Shane, 657 Groenewald, P. S., 612 Grant, E. W., 42 Grootboom, Paul, 578 Graubard, S. R., 698 Group Areas Act, 382, 402 Graves, Robert, 369 Grove,´ Henriette, 442 Gray, J. C., 820 Grundling, Albert, 248 Gray, Stephen Grundy, Kenneth, 529 on Adamastor, 124 Guelke,L.andJ.K.,163, 173 anthology, 31 Guenther, M., 28 on ‘Bushmen’s Letters’, 23 Guma, Samsom, 63–4, 68, 827 editorship, 814 Gun War (1880–1), 65 gay writer, 661 Gunn, Thom, 462 on hunter romance, 188–9 Gunner, Liz ideology and, 9 on African orature, 15, 43 Izwi, 829 on African songs, 86 on Kaatje Kekkelbek, 269 on genre boundary jumping, 43 on language, 3–4, 7–8 influence, 85, 90 on Leipoldt, 375 on izibongo, 47 literary criticism, 830 on maskanda, 86 on Makanna, 189 on praise poetry, 46 Plomer and, 367, 371 Gwala, Mafika ‘Rounding the Cape’, 132 ‘Afrika at a Piece (On Heroes Day)’, 504–5, settler poetry and, 187–8 507 South African exceptionalism, 740–1 Black Consciousness, 501 on tradition, 474 ‘Children of Nonti’, 515 on translation, 740–1 ‘Getting off the Ride’, 514 on Ward, 190 ‘In Defence of Poetry’, 507–8 Gready, Paul, 552 influence, 534 great tradition, 538 jazz references, 519 Great Trek, 150–1, 352, 436, Jol’iinkomo, 503 478 Makeba song and, 515 Grebe, H. P., 264–5 No More Lullabies, 525 Greef, Rachelle, cities, 688 rethinking poetry, 523, 524–5 Green, Francis, 215 Gwayi, Jessie, 617

851

Index

Haasbroek, P. J., 444, 459, 469, 688 Hellinga, Wytze, 311 Haggard, Rider Henley, W. E., 253 administrator, 226 Henry the Navigator, 127 Allan Quartermain, 481 Henty, G. A., 226, 227, 228, 230, 231–2, 235 class, 231 Herbert, T., 26 gender and, 227, 234 Herder, Johann Gottfried, 4 homosexual yearning, 234 Herodotus, 118 imperial fantasies, 200 Herschel, John, 193 imperial romance, 226 Hertzog Bills (1936), 303, 347 inﬂuence, 294 Hertzog, J. B. M., 476, 828 King Solomon’s Mines, 182, 226, 227, 229, 231, Hewett, Bruce, 130–1 233, 234, 236, 238, 239–40 Hewitt, R., 25 on Kipling, 252 Heym, Stefan, 710 Marie, 236 Heyns, Michiel on mineral wealth, 241–2 Bodies Politic, 670 political criticism, 230 gay writer, 661, 663 precolonial history, 229 signiﬁcance, 385 She, 236–7 translation, 750 tradition, 707 on TRC, 659 on Zulus, 238, 239–40 Heywood, Christopher, 8, 9, 830 Hague Conventions, 247 Higginson, Craig, 577–8 Hahn, Theophilus, 27 Hill, Alan, 708 Hambidge, Joan, 385, 462, 661 Hintsa, King, 580 Hananwa dialect, 95 Hirson, Denis, 656 Hananwa people, 95–6 historical novels Hannibal, 353 black writers, 291–305 Hardy, Thomas, 128, 246, 249, 252, 254, Zulu literature, 617–18 255 historiography, 7–10 Haresnape, Geoffrey, 132 history Harlem Renaissance, 333, 334, 335, 389, 397, See also historical novels 399, 506–7 Afrikaans literature post-1990 and, 464–7 Harnett, Ruth, 128, 829 Black Consciousness and, 504–6 Harries, Ann, 259 historiography, 7–10 Harris, William Cornwallis, 188 interregnum and, 635 Harte, Bret, 372 literature and, 452–3 Hassim, Aziz, 385, 666 shared history, 5 Haysom, Nicholas, 573 Hitchens, Joanne, 691 Head, Bessie HIV. See AIDS 1950s writing, 405 Hlati, Sipho, 537 anthologised works, 813 Hlatshwayo, Mi Sdumo, 92, 531, 532, death, 796 534–5 exile, 383, 422–3 Hobbs, Stephen, 578 life, 795 Hobhouse, Emily, 254–5 on Makeba, 830 Hodges, Sheila, 703 Maru, 762–3 Hodgsen, J., 52 overview, 762–3 Hoernle,´ R. F. A., 311 publishers, 708 Hofmeyer, J. H., 277 Question of Power, A, 762, 795–6 Hofmeyr, Isobel, 43, 44, 55, 85, 206, 207, 215 reappraising traditional culture, 761 Holomisa, Bantu, 51 When Rainclouds Gather, 762 Holtby, Winifred, 710–11 healers, 103–4 Homer, 118, 119 Heinemann African Writers Series, 13, 1353, Hooch, Pieter de, 313 800, 806, 811 Hood, Gavin, 704

852

Index

Hoogenhout, C. P. India, 4–5, 113 Afrikaans Language Movement, 272, 821 Indian writing Catharina, 272, 273, 807 apartheid and post-apartheid, 385, 576, 640, Hope, Christopher, 490, 708, 829 666 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 314, 416 Drum magazine and, 394 Hopkinson, Tom, 394, 395, 396 women, 774 Horace, 376 ingoma, 106–7 Horn, Aloysius, 710 Ingram, Joseph Forsyth, 123 Horn, Peter, 501, 593, 829, 831, 832 Inkatha, 647, 731 Horobin, Gilbert, 132 Internal Security Act (1950), 411 Houellebecq, Michel, 689 Internet, oral culture and, 55–7 Howarth, Anna, 226, 229, 236 interregnum Huggan, Graham, 708 Afrikaans literature, 643–4 Hughes, Langston, 335, 397, 506–7, 811 experience, 636–9 Hughes, Ted, 600 Gordimer on, 384, 636 Huguenots, 115 new aesthetics, 639–42 Huigen, Siegfried overview, 633–49 Afrikaans historiography, 139, 147, 263 towards end of apartheid, 644–7 critical debate, 173, 174 transition, 647–9 influence, 154, 175 intsomi, 760 on Le Vaillant, 171 Ionesco, Eugene,` 441 origins of Afrikaans literature, 267, 276 Irlam, Shaun, 665 on race, 168 Isaacs, David, 569 on scientific travellers, 162 Isandlwana battle (1879), 618 travel as anthropology, 164 isicathamiya, 77 on travel writing, 158 isiNdebele language, 17, 99, 104, 607, 746 Huismans, Emma, 462, 463 isiXhosa language humanitarianism debate, 191–2 See also Xhosa literature Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 4 nineteenth-century periodicals, 210–14, hunter romance, 188–91 822 hunter-gathering, 15, 24 Bible translation, 746 Hutchinson, Alfred, 402, 814 geographical area, 17 Huygen van Linschoten, Jan, 142 mission presses, 207–8 mission-sponsored translations, 205–6 Ibrahim, Abdullah (Dollar Brand), 501, newspapers, 804–5 519 translations, 618, 746 ihubo lesizwe, 89–90 isiZulu language imbongi See also Zulu literature nineteenth-century Zulus, 83–4 geographical area, 17 apartheid era, 45–7, 531 translations, 205–6, 618, 746 dress, 50 Islam, 385 early colonial era, 44–5 Ismail, Sulyman, 826 gender, 760 izangelo, 80–1 martial tone, 760 izibongo meaning, 43–4 See also imbongi new power bases, 57 1994 presidential inauguration, 619 performance, 49–50 apartheid era, 45–7, 534, 769 politics, 49–50 Christianity, 52 post-apartheid era, 47–54 definition, 43–4 Sitole, 47–54 development, 65 tradition, 342, 534 dramatic form, 43 imilozelo (lullabies), 81 early colonial era, 44–5 Immorality Acts, 480, 485 new definition, 54

853

Index

izibongo (cont.) John II, King, 121 post-apartheid era, 47–54 John of the Cross, Saint, 346 Sitole, 47–54 Johnson, David, 175 technauriture, 55–7 Johnson, James Weldon, 333 techniques, 53–4 Johnson, Shaun, 493–4 transcription, 50 Joint African European Councils for the Zulu, 77: nineteenth-century backgrounds, Emancipation Centenary Celebration 78–84;post-1880s, 84–92; scholarship, (1934), 566 84–5 Jolivet, Bishop, 216 Izingane ZoMa, 92 Jolobe, J. J. R. izithakazelo, 78–80, 81 Elundini loThukela, 297 ‘Making of a Servant’, 511 J. R., 123 New African Movement, 330 Jabavu,D.D.T.,303, 331–2, 753, 825 publishers, 805 Jabavu, John Tengo reviews of, 826 journalism, 211–13, 293 ‘Ukwenziwa konkhonzi’, 609 language, 330, 753 Jonker, Ingrid, 435, 589 mission schooling, 217 Jordan, Archibald Rubusana and, 213 on African intelligentsia, 294–5 Jacobs, J. U., 786 exile, 382, 423 Jacobs, Rayda, 654, 657, 729–30, Ingqumbo Yeminyanya:cultural 732 cross-appropriation, 753; landmark, 297; Jacobson, Dan overview, 613; publishers, 805, 815; Dance in the Sun, A, 483–4, 488 themes, 305 early work, 381 language, 753 Evidence of Love, The, 485 literary criticism, 4, 826 exile, 404 translations, 752 Jewish writer, 390 Jordan, Lindi Nelani, 826 liberalism, 485 Jordan, Pallo, 85 publishers, 708 Jordan, Phyllis, 753 short stories, 389, 390, 391–2 Joseph, Helen, 556, 720 Time and Time Again, 719 Joubert, Annekie, 95–6 Jacottet, Edouard, 825 Joubert, C. W., 273 Jaffer, Zubeida, 656, 772 Joubert, Elsa Jahn, Janheinz, 607, 608, 627 cities, 688 Jamal, Ashraf, 666 Missionaris, 153 James, Alan, 33, 130, 745 Reise van Isobelle, 466 James, Debra, 95 Reisiger, 726 James, Henry, 254 Sestiger, 442–3 Jameson, Frederic, 325, 356 Swerfjare van Poppie Nongena, Die, 455, 761, Jameson, Leander, 251 766–7 Jameson Raid, 361 Wonderlike Geweld,’n, 726–7 JanMohamed, A., 781 Joubert, Marlise, 446 Jansen, Ena, 313 journalism. See periodicals Jardine, Alexander, 198, 818 journals. See memoirs and diaries Jeffreys, M. K., 405 Joyce, James, 251, 253, 255, 397, 779 Jensma, Wopko, 446, 457, 524, 811 Ju language, 26 Jewish writers, 390–3, 640 Ju|’hoansi narratives, 28 ‘Jim comes to Jo’burg’, 361, 370–1, 437, 480, Ju|’hoansi people, 21 481–2, 492, 611, 676 Junction Avenue Theatre Company (JATC), Joans, Ted, 570 576 Johannesburg Fort, 545, 549 Jurgensen, Manfred, 127 Johennesse, Fhazel, 502, 523 Justus (Beverley Mckenzie), 191

854

Index

Kafka, Franz, 133, 779 scholarship, 21–2 Kakaza, Letitia, 296 trade relations with VOC, 142 Kani, John, 571, 577, 658 van der Post on, 707 Kannemeyer, J. C. word lists, 26 Afrikaans literary history, 4, 429 Khubheka,I.S.,616 on Afrikaner publishers, 808 Khumalo, Duma, 577 on Cachet, 272 Khumalo, Fred, 731 critical survey of Opperman, 831 Khuzwayo, Zazah, 616, 774 on early Afrikaans poetry, 275 Kiba songs, 56 literary criticism, 830, 832 Kikamba, Simao,˜ 670 literary periods, 309 Kimble, J., 62 on Marais’s Dwaalstories, 35 King Kong (musical), 390, 399, 566, 701 origins of Afrikaans, 263 Kingston, W. H. G., 226, 227 on plaasroman, 320 Kipling, Rudyard on van den Heever, 315 Boer War and, 252–4, 255 Kant, Immanuel, 355 on Hobhouse, 254, 255 Kaschula, Russell, 42, 43, 50, 612, 626 inﬂuence, 376 Kasrils, Ronny, 656 perspective, 249, 250 Kathrada, Ahmed, 553, 656 racism, 250 Kavanagh, Robert, 831 Kirby, Robert, 577 !ke e:|xarra || ke, 19 Kirkwood, Mike Kellerman, Gawie, 459 Bolt, 829, 830 Kemal, Yashar, 641 ‘Colonizer, The’, 478, 832 Kendall, Edourd, 176 disjunction of English language poetry, 591 Kenney, E. J., 345 on political funerals, 528 Kente, Gibson, 566, 569–70, 573 Ravan Press, 812, 816 Kentridge, William, 578–9, 658 on resistance songs, 530 Keogh, Danny, 573 Staffrider, 830 Keuris. M., 269 Kirsch, Olga, 435 Kgositsile, Keorapetse, 418, 420–1, 537 Kleinboer, 663, 689–90 Khaketla,B.M.,67, 70–1, 72, 613–14 Klopper, Dirk, 9 khekhapa, 96–7 Kluge, Alexander, 824 Khoikhoi. See Khoi-San people Knobel, Wilhelm, 446 Khoi-San people Koch, J., 271 See also ‘Bushmen’s Letters’ Kolb, Peter eighteenth-century anthropology, 164–7 accuracy, 159–60, 164 Bleek view of, 822 anthropology, 164, 165–6 Bushman tale tradition, 35 astronomer, 158 Cape Colony and, 140–1:early colonialism, 169 representations, 143–5 critical debate, 173 Douglas Livingstone on, 600 humanism, 172 early Afrikaans literature, 270 inﬂuence, 174 European encounter, 117 race prejudice, 161 imperial romance and, 238 translation, 159 Kozain on, 604 travel narrative, 26 languages, 16, 19 view of Africans, 167 literary imagination, 822 Kolbe, F. C., 822 meaning, 15, 20 koma. See dikoma records, 26–8, 744–5 Kombuis, Koos, 469, 688 renewed interest in, 464, 466–7 Kopa society, 614 Riebeeck journal, 142 Korda, Zoltan, 700 rock art, 24–6, 31, 32, 36, 263, 354 Kozain, Rustum, 593, 603–4 romanticising, 707 Kramer, David, 569, 576, 669

855

Index

Kramer, Julie, 699–700, 701 nineteenth-century periodicals, 214–19 Krige, Uys, 27, 31, 35, 313, 315 1906 rebellion, 229, 303, 341, 617 Krog, Antjie Anglo-Zulu Wars, 183, 228, 294 Afrikaner identity, 589 colonial expansion, 301–2 appropriation of |Xam literature, 34, 745 imperial romance and Zulus, 238–40 Change of Tongue, A, 656, 733, 739, 752 Country of my Skull, 460, 464, 658, 703, 721, La Guma, Alex 746, 752, 771 ‘Battle for Honour’, 400 Down to my Last Skin, 460, 768 Coetzee on, 780 dystopic view, 470 District Six writer, 400, 401–2 early collections, 446, 459 exile, 404, 423 gender and, 768–9 international publications, 404 historical writing, 467 prison writing, 552 Lady Anne, 460 publishers, 412, 708, 709–10 multilingualism, 7 resistance theme, 383 post-1990, 463 short stories, 403, 404 postmodernism, 453 social realism, 479 protest poetry, 524 Stone Country, The, 552 publishers, 814 suggestive language, 388 Relaasvan’nMoord, 668 Walk in the Night, A, 402, 412, 423, 708–10 Stars Say ‘Tsau’, The, 34 La Guma, James, 335 Susanna Smit and, 153, 268 Labotsibeni, Queen, 222 translator, 746, 769 Lacaille, Nicolas Louis de, 158, 159, 174 Kronlein,¨ J. G., 27 Laclau, E., 298 Krotoa-Eva,¨ 145, 152–3, 662, 742–3 Ladysmith Black Mambazo, 77, 78 Kruger,¨ Louis, 459 Land Act (1913), 303 Krut, Orenna, 538 Landau, Julia, 560 Kumalo, Solomon, 215 Landsman, Anne Kunene, Cleopas, 217, 222 Devil’s Chimney, The, 660, 773, 791–2 Kunene, D. P. emigration, 670 on dithoko, 64, 65, 66–7 Rowing Lesson, The, 670, 773 on historical accuracy, 300 Langa, Madlenkosi, 523 on sefela, 68 Langa, Mandla, 657 Kunene, Mazisi Langenhoven, C. J., 277, 719, 824 Ancestors and the Sacred Mountain, The, 589, languages 626 See also translations; specific languages banning order, 806 African. See African languages exile, 382 apartheid policies, 607–8 influence, 534, 535 black writing, 752–4 language debate, 327, 421–2 Constitution, 608 New African Movement, 330 future, 670 overview, 625–6 multilingualism, 4–8 publishers, 711 official languages, 2, 607: debate, 727 translated works, 754 relationships, 588 unpublished poetry, 337 translingual influences, 6–7 !Kung literature, 16 translingual practices, 7 !Kung peoples, 19 Lansdowne Local, 535 Kunzmann, Richard, 691 Lategan, Felix, 828 Kuse, W. F., 43 Laurence, Margaret, 415 Kushite empire, 118 Lawrence,D.H.,251, 255, 368–9 Kuzwayo, Ellen, 720, 761, 765–6 Laycock, Arthur, 229, 231 KwaZulu-Natal le Vaillant, François See also Zulu literature accuracy, 160

856

Index

anthropology, 165, 166–7 national language, 61 approach, 26 socioeconomic background, 61 British reception, 175 Lessing, Doris, 813 colonial critique, 168–71 Lestrade, G. P., 327 colonial record, 26 Letanka, D. S., 222 critical debate, 173 Letcher, Valerie, 190 Cullinan and, 595–6 Letele, G. L., 68 influence, 115, 174, 175 Levi-Strauss,´ Claude, 166 influences on, 161, 164 Lewin, Hugh, 551, 552 Kolb and, 159, 164 Lewis, D., 767, 768 ojectivity, 163–4 Lewis, Ethelreda (Hernekin Baptist), 710 ornithologist, 158, 160–1 Lewis, Heather Parker, 560 Leacock, Stephen, 372 Lewis, Wyndham, 345 Leavis, F. R., 828 Lewis-Williams, D., 33–4 Leavis, Q. D., 801 liberalism Leavitt, David, 462 1948–70 fiction, 483–7 Lefakane, Dinah, 812 classic liberal fiction (1883–1948), 479–83 Lefela, Josiel, 209 fiction tradition, 474 legislation: See also specific Acts; 1920s, 411; politics and civil society, 475–9 apartheid, 382, 411;post-1910, 303 postliberal fiction (1970–90), 487–91 Legum, Colin, 413, 414 postliberal fiction (1990–), 474, 492 Legum, Margaret, 414 Lichtensein, Heinrich, 26, 148 Leipoldt, Louis Lier, Catherina Aldegonda van, 149, 153 Afrikaner history, 133, 258 Lier, Helperus Ritzema van, 149, 153 Boer War, 257 Lieven, Michael, 239 Laaste Aand, Die, 151–2 lifela literary canon, 824 Basuto migrant labour, 60–1, 62–3 multilingualism, 7 dithoko and, 68–9 Oom Gert Vertel, 278, 279 genre, 60–1 Opperman on, 311 literary impact, 73–5 overseas travels, 277 socioeconomic background, 61–3 overview, 375–6 songs of travellers, 68–70 ‘poet of the first generation’, 309 Sotho modern poetry and, 70–5 poetry, 279 terminology, 60 van Wyk Louw on, 310 life-writing. See memoirs and diaries Lekgothoane, S. K., 43 Ligter, Dirk, 318 Lembede, Anton, 335 Lima, Suasso de, 263 Lennox-Short, Alan, 128–9 Linde, Marie, 710 Lenta, Margaret, 269 Lindenberg, Ernst, 454, 808, 828 Lerner, Laurence, 829 Lindfors, Bernth, 709 Leroux, Etienne Linnaeus, Carolus, 161, 172 cosmopolitanism influences, 317 Lipsett, William, 127 Magersfontein, 258, 440, 454, 455, 828 literary criticism resistance writing, 455 nineteenth-century, 818–22 Sewe Dae by die Silbersteins, 275, 318, 439–40, 1910–48 period: African language 792 literatures, 825–6; Afrikaans literature, trilogy, 440 824–5;overview,822–6 Lesotho apartheid period: Afrikaans literature, nineteenth-century periodicals, 208–9, 293 827–8; black critics, 826–7; English Basutoland, 61 language, 828–31;overview,826–32; Gun War (1880–1), 65 theory wars, 831–2 lifela, 60–75 black versus white writing, 784–7 migrant labour, 60–1, 62–3 on Coetzee, 782–4

857

Index

literary criticism (cont.) influence, 432 cultural cringe, 821 key figure, 308–9 overview, 818–35 ‘Klipwerk’, 312, 353, 354 post-apartheid, 832–4 manifesto, 309–12, 314–15, 316 lithoko (oral poetry), 42 modernism, 339–42 LitNet, 834 nationalism, 314–15, 340, 351–2, 355, 430 Litsomo (folk-tales), 42 Nuwe Verse, 353–4 Littlewood, Joan, 572 overview, 351–5 Livingstone, David, 189, 201, 205 on plaasroman, 316, 322 Livingstone, Douglas Pluimsaad Waai Ver, Die, 567 ‘Africa within us’, 600 publishers, 808 authenticity, 593 race, 356 ‘Eland’, 600 Raka, 312, 352 ‘Evolutionary Nod to God, An’, 599 on realism, 436 ‘Gentling a Wildcat’, 599 Standpunte, 808, 827 ‘Giovanni Jacopo meditates on an early theatre politics, 567 European navigator’, 124 Tristia, 312–13, 354, 431 ‘Heritage’, 598 Louw,W.E.G.,308, 314, 827 Littoral Zone, A, 36 Lovedale Institution, 206, 292, 293, 423 poetry, 598–600 Lubhoko, Chief, 79 publishers, 708 Lubisi, C. M., 624 ‘Reciprocals’, 599 Lucretius, 343, 345 Sea my Winding Sheet, The, 127 Lueki, Bebe, 580 ‘Sjambok’, 598 Lukacs,´ Ggorgy,¨ 387, 388, 780 ‘Sleep of my Lions, The’, 599 Lutheran Mission and Natal Missionary Lloyd, Lucy Conference, 216 approach, 29, 30 Luthuli, Chief Albert, 350, 395 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’. See ‘Bushmen’s Lyotard, Jean-François, 453 Letters’ lyric poetry Schoeman biography, 443 ancestral sites, 593–7 transcriptions, 16 authenticity, 592–3 Lobedu dialect, 95 biological perspective, 597–600 Lobedu people, 95–7 disjunction of English language poetry, Locke, Alain, 334, 506 590–3 Lockett, Cicely, 832 local habitation, 604–5 Loflin, C., 452 melancholic landscapes, 600–3 London Missionary Society, 149, 153, 192, 205, politics, 587–90 220 return of history, 603–4 Lorca, Garcia, 313 Lytton, David, publishers, 708 Louw, Anna, 275, 320, 436, 442, 461 Louw, Juliet Marais, 124 Maake, N. P., 622 Louw, N. P. van Wyk Maart, Rozena, 668 Afrikaans Language Monument, 262 Maartens, Maretha, 459 Afrikaner identity, 589 Mabhena, King, 104 Alleenspraak, 351 Mabhoko, Ingwenyama, 106, 108–10 apartheid and, 354–5 Mabille, Adolphe, 206, 208–9 Dias, 133, 353 McCarthy, Neil, 572 Dieper Reg, Die, 274, 352, 566 McClintock, Anne, 234, 759, 766, 832 essays, 351–2 Machobane, J. J., 67 folk culture, 273, 340, 341, 355, 356 Macingwane, Chief, 79–80 Germanicus, 313, 353, 431 McKay, Claude, 506–7 Gestaltes en Diere, 312, 352 MacKenzie, Craig, 9, 422 Halwe Kring, Die, 312, 351 McKenzie, D. F., 801

858

Index

Mackenzie, Jassy, 691 Malan, Magnus, 656 McLaren, Robert, 572 Malan, Rian, 721, 731 Maclennan, Don, 593 Malange, Nise, 92, 531–2 McLuhan, Marshall, 802 Malawi, 61 Macnab, Roy, 129, 131, 355 Malay Language Movement, 271 McPherson, E. L., 823 Malepe, A. T., 616 Madadzhe, R. N., 623 Malherbe, D. F., 277, 279, 320, 824 Made, E. H. A., 297, 806 Malherbe, F. E. J., 310 Madiba, M. R., 612, 625 Malherbe, Gideon, 272 Madima, E. S., 611 Malherbe, John, 154 Madingoane, Ingoapele, 90, 523, 535 Mallarme,´ Stephane,´ 339 Madondo, David, 484 Manaka, Matsamela, 573 Mafeje, Archie, 44 Manala chiefs, 100–1, 105 Mafela, M. J., 624 Manca, Tania, 164 Mafokeng, Dumi, 535 Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Magagula, S. M., 616 1994 triumph, 384 magic realism, 35, 466, 648, 789–92 ANC Youth League, 335 Magona, Sindiwe Drum magazine and, 395 autobiography, 730, 767 guerrilla tactics, 256 Beauty’s Gift, 774 hero stature, 621 Living, Loving and Lying Awake at Night, inauguration ceremony, 17, 619 648, 767 izibongo on, 51–3, 54 Mother to Mother, 659, 664, 731, 771 Long Walk to Freedom, 547–8, 553, 554, 558–9, publishers, 815 560, 656: translations, 625, 626, 746, 769 reappraising traditional culture, 761 presidency, 540, 545 Maharaj, Mac, 553 publishers, 708 Mahlangu, Prince James, 108 quoting Jonker, 435, 769 Mahola, Mzi, 589 release, 453, 462, 540, 634, 652, 654 Mahomed, Ismael, 576 resistance, 289 Maimane, Arthur Rivonia Trial, 52–3 Drum magazine and, 335, 394, 398 Robben Island, 547–8, 554, 558–9, 571 exile, 404 sabotage campaign, 382 international publications, 404 vision of Free South Africa, 550 modernism, 403 visit to Transkei, 51–2 short stories, 400 Mandela, Winnie Madikizela-, 664, 785 Victims, 663 Mangoaela, Zakes, 209 Maji Maji, 414 Mann, Thomas, 320 Makanna (Makana), 176, 515–16 Mansfield, Charlotte, 226 Makanna (Anon.), 176, 189–90 Mansfield, Katherine, 364 Makeba, Miriam, 515, 566, 830 Maphalla, K. P. D., 627 Makgopa, Mokgale, 43, 96 Maponya, Maishe, 540, 574 Makgoweng, 611, 614 Marais, Eugene` Makhambeni, M. N., 616, 626 Boer War, 257 Makhapane, Chief, 376 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’ and, 35 Makhene, Ramalao, 572 Dwaalstories, 35 Makhoere, Caesarina, 548, 553, 554–5 Khoi-San orality and, 34 Makholwa, Angela, 691, 774, 791 Land en Volk, 277 Makhosoke, Ingwenyama, 107 literary canon, 824 Makhuwani, 611 multilingualism, 7 Makiwane, Elijah, 211, 327, 330 ‘poet of the second generation’, 309 Malan, Charles, 800 scientific work, 278 Malan, D. F., 289, 381, 476 ‘Winternag’, 258, 277–8 Malan, Jacques, 824 works, 375

859

Index

Marais, Johan, 833 Matthews, James Marais, Mike, 490, 681 anthologised works, 813 Marble, Joseph, 720 BLAC publishing house, 812, 815 Marchand, Annabella Bruce, 226, 235–6 Black Consciousness, 502 Marchant, Bessie, 226, 233, 238, 240, 241 District Six writer, 400, 401 Marcuse, Herbert, 641 Drum magazine, 395 Maritz, Gerrit, 150 exile, 404 Marivate, C. T. D., 611 international publications, 404 Marivate, Daniel Cornel, 297 prison poetry, 553 Market Theatre (Johannesburg), 384, 570, protest poetry, 523, 524 572–3 publishers, 709 Markowitz, Arthur, 32, 33 short stories, 404 Marks, J. B., Marxism, 335 Matyu, Jimmy, 395 Marlowe, Christopher, 790 Matyumza, Mandla, 50 Marryat, Captain, 227 Maughan Brown, D., 524 Marshall, George, 122 Maus, Katherin, 345 Martin, Henri-Jean, 801 Mazrui, Ali, 801 Martineau, Harriet, 823 Mbeki, Govan, 811 Martins, Helen, 568 Mbeki, Thabo, 19, 32, 54, 98, 652, 833 Marx, Hermann Benno, 149, 209–10 Mbembe, Achille, 502 Marx, Karl, 9 Mbikwana, Mulligan, 571 Marxism, 335, 350, 482, 832 Mbuli, Mzwakhe, 529, 534 Mashige, Mashudu, 43 Mbutuma, Melikhaya, 45, 46, 48, 57 Mashinini, Emma, 553, 556–7 Mbuyane, M. S., 616 Masilela, Ntongela, 347 Mda, A. P., 335 Masinga, Ben, 566 Mda, Zakes maskanda, 77–8, 85, 86–8, 92–3 aesthetics, 526 Masondo, S. S., 618 And the Girls in their Sunday Dresses, 575 Masumpa, Meshack, 54 And we shall Sing for the Fatherland, 575 Matabele War (1893–4), 228 Bells of Amersfoort, The, 575, 658 Matanzima, Chief K. D., 45, 51 Cion, 786 Mathonsi, N. N., 623–4 Dark Voices Ring, 571, 575 Matlare, Isaac, 412 emigration, 670 Matlosa, S. S., 611 experimentalism, 784, 785–6 Matlwa, Kopano, 666, 774 Heart of Redness, The, 660, 664, 667, 701–2, Matsepe, O. K., 614–15 785 Matshekha, Tau ya, 75 Hill, The, 571, 575 Matshikiza, Todd language, 753 banning order, 806 Madonna of Excelsior, The, 786 Drum magazine and, 335, 394, 395, 399 magic realism and, 789 exile, 404 Nun’s Romantic Story, The, 575 inﬂuences, 333, 334 themes, 574 King Kong, 390, 566, 701 translated plays, 625, 746 New African Movement, 334 Ways of Dying, 648–9, 654, 680, 681, 701–2, publishers, 708 785 Matshoba, Mtutuzeli Whale Caller, The, 786 anthologised works, 813 Mdlaka, General, 618 authenticity, 794 Mdletshe, Buzetsheni, 78 Call Me Not a Man, 553 Mdliva, M. G., 623 ‘Pilgrimage to the Isle of Makana, A’, 555 Medalie, David, 666 popular realism, 474 Meer, Fatima, 553, 556 Mattera, Don, 502 Meer, Ismael, 656 Matthee, Dalene, 152, 462 Meerhoff, Pieter van, 142, 267, 718, 743

860

Index

Meihuizen, Nicholas, 345 post-apartheid, 666, 670 Meintjies, Frank, 540 urban migration, 677–8 memoirs and diaries Mikro (Christoffel Hermanus Kuhn),¨ 318 1652–1990, 718–22 Miles, John eighteenth-century emergence of alternative publishing, 454 autobiography, 547 Buiteveld, Die, 317 nineteenth-century, 192–6 Donderdag of Woensdag, 456 Afrikaans literature, 725–9, 732–3 Kol, 829 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’, 22–3 Kroniek uit die Doofpot, 456 Dutch Cape Colony: end of VOC period, Sestiger, 444 149; European and local audiences, Stanley Bekker en die Boikot, 456 145–8; Jan van Riebeeck, 114, 141–3, Taurus publishing, 808 144–6, 151;Tas,146–7 Voetstoots, 267 early Afrikaans literature, 268, 272 Miller, Ruth, 593, 597–8 function, 145 Millin, Sarah Gertrude life-writing, 718 God’s Step-Children, 480 overview, 717–33 international reputation, 706, 710 post-apartheid, 656, 722–32 racism, 479 prison memoirs, 548–9, 550–61 South African PEN, 477 South African writing and, 410 Two Bucks without Hair, 393 translations, 717 Milne, Van, 708 Menager-Everson,´ S. V., 539–40 Milner, Alfred, 248 Mendelssohn, Sidney, 185–6, 822 Miłosz, Czesław, 603 M. E. R., 318 Milubi, N.A., 615, 616, 619, 624 Merians, L., 174, 175 Miscast exhibition, 745 Meroe, 118 missionaries Merriman, Nathaniel, 818, 819 nineteenth-century mission presses, metaﬁction, 322, 491, 782, 785, 786, 790, 795 204–23, 293, 804 Metelerkamp, Joan, 593, 603 twentieth-century presses, 613 Meurant, L. H., 270 Afrikaans diaries, 272 Meyer, Deon, 667, 668, 691, 791 developmentof Africanliteratures,607, 608 mfecane/difaqane, 183, 291, 292, 301 literary criticism and, 821 Mgqwetho, Nontsizi mission schools, 292, 394, 607 imbongi and, 44, 760 transcription of African languages, 205–8, journalism, 210, 293 327–8 Nation’s Bounty, The, 336–7, 760–1 translation, 741 New African Movement, 330 Mitford, Bertram publishers, 17 Anglo-Boer War, 228–9 vanishing, 758 Anglo-Zulu Wars, 228 Mhlabatsi, Mzwakhe, 519 imperial romance, 226 Mhlakaza, V. A., 625 legality and criminality, 233 Mhlambi, I. J., 618, 621 on mineral wealth, 241 Mhlongo, Niq, 666, 682, 685 political criticism, 230 Mhlophe, Gcina, 572, 574, 761, 769–70 Renshaw Fanning’s Quest, 233, 238 Michelangelo Buonarroti, 122 sex and colonialism, 234, 235 Mickle, William Julius, 120–1, 124 on Zulus, 238, 239 Microsoft, 56 Mkari, N. B., 625 Middleton, Jean, 553, 556 Mkhize, E. E. N. T., 616 migration Mkhwane, Bheki, 579 African language literatures, 611–18 Mkiva, Zolani ‘Jim comes to Jo’burg’, 361, 370–1, 437, 480, adaptability, 57 481–2, 492, 611, 676 corporate culture and, 55 mfecane/difaqane, 183, 291, 292, 301 ‘President’s Poet’, 17, 49, 54, 619

861

Index

Mlangeni, Sthembile, 619 Mostert, Noel,¨ 8, 114, 196 Mlanjeni War, 199 Motasi, Richard, 456 Mngadi, J. M., 622–3 Mothopeng, Zephania, 412 modernism, 339–42, 474, 782–4, 787–8 Motley, Willard, 397 Modisane, Bloke Motlhabane, H., 618 actor-writer, 570 Motsamai, Edward, 209 banning order, 806 Motsieloa, Griffiths, 566, 570 Black Orpheus and, 404 Motsisi, Casey, 335, 394, 395, 397, 404 Blame me on History, 382, 413, 576 Mozambique, 61, 536 ‘Dignity of Begging, The’, 394, 397, 400 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 579 Drum magazine and, 394, 399 Mpande, King, 618 early career, 395 Mpanza, Charles, 347 exile, 404, 413–14 Mpe, Phaswane influences, 335 fraught vision, 385 modernism, 403 language, 753 New African Movement, 335 Welcome to our Hillbrow, 492, 579, 657, 669, Nkosi and, 415 682–3 Moffat, Robert, 205 Mphahlele, Es’kia Mofokeng, S. M., 615 on Abrahams, 300 Mofolo, Thomas banning order, 806 Chaka, 67, 296, 297, 300, 331, 805 Black Orpheus editor, 404, 412 critical discussions of, 825 Congress for Cultural Freedom, 709 Moeti oa Bochabela, 208, 209, 294, 296, 305, on Dhlomo, 355 331 Down Second Avenue, 382, 388, 784 Pitseng, 296, 305 Drum magazine and, 394, 398, 399 reviews of, 826 essays, 801 Mofutsanyana, E. T., 335 exile, 404, 410, 411–13, 420 Mogale, J. Arthur. See Maimane, Arthur influences, 335 Mogoba, Stanley Mmutlanyane, 553 international publications, 404 Mohapi, T. W. D., 624 language, 420–1, 422, 753 Mokae, Zakes, 568 literary criticism, 826 Mokitimi,M.I.P.,43, 69, 75 Man Must Live, 388 Molema, Chief Silas, 214, 220–1, 294 Mbari Publishing House, 404 Molope, Kasigo Lesego, 772 New African Movement, 334 Moloto, D. P., 615 Nkosi and, 415 Monne, Solomon, 209 ‘on fugitive culture’, 397 Monomotopa, 142, 153 pseudonymous publications, 404 Monro, Harold, 368–9 publishers, 707, 710, 811 Montagu, John, 546 on realism, 780 Montezuma, 353 short stories, 400, 403 Montsoa, Badirile, 221 teacher, 395 Monyaise,D.P.S.,616–17 traditional versus Christian ethos, 302 Moodie, Donald, 123, 191 translation of oral Tshivenda poetry, 17 Moodley, Praba, 385 Mpondomise people, 613 Moodley, Vivian, 576 Mqanda, Thomas, 211 Moor, Charlotte, 226 Mqhayi, Samuel Edward Krune Mopeli-Paulus, A. S., 72–3, 814 criticism of, 822, 825, 826 Moravian Mission, 149, 209, 210 genealogical references, 48 Moretti, Franco, 668, 670 imbongo, 44–5, 213–14, 342 Morgan, Jonathan, 685 influence, 511 Morphet, Tony, 474, 829 Ityala Lamawele, 296, 331, 332, 815 Morrison, Toni, 666 language and politics, 327 Moshoeshoe I, King, 61, 62, 67, 348, 350 New African Movement, 329–30

862

Index

‘Prince of Britain’, 511 Classic, 417, 418, 813, 829 publishers, 17, 805, 815 Drum magazine and, 394, 397 tradition building, 341 exile, 404, 416–18 translated works, 754 journalism, 400, 404 UDon Jadu, 296, 305 suicide, 418 unpublished poetry, 337 Namibia Msane, Saul, 222 communities, 21 Msimang, C. T., 617–18 folklore, 28 Msimang, Henry Selby, 328 land disputes, 22 Mswati III, King, 98 rock art, 24 Mthoba, James, 572 South African War, 634 Mtshali, Oswald Mbuyiseni Napata, 118 ‘Back to the Bush’, 516–17 Napoleon I, 115 ‘Birth of Shaka, The’, 516 Nash, Thirza, 226, 424 Black Consciousness, 501 Nasson, Bill, 247, 248 ‘Boy on a Swing’, 510 Natal. See KwaZulu-Natal drum symbol, 515 Natal Native Congress, 215, 217 Fireﬂames, 505, 507, 520 Natal Uprising (1906), 229, 303, 341, 617 illustrations, 519 Nathan, Manfred, 822 ‘Literary Critics’, 520 National Theatre Organisation (NTO), 565, protest poetry, 523 566, 567 publishers, 811 Native Labour Regulation Act (1911), 303 Sounds of a Cowhide Drum, 503, 811 Native Land Bill (1911), 303 symbols, 515 Native Press Association, 214 Mtshali, Thembi, 572, 574, 577 Natives’ Land Act (1913), 218, 219, 222 Mtuze, Peter, 618, 625, 626, 746 Natives Resettlement Act (1954), 394 Mtwa, Percy, 573 Naude,´ Adele,` 123, 124, 127, 128 Mulder,H.A.,308, 827 Nazarites, Church of the, 88–9, 91, 92 Muller,¨ Petra, 461 Ndawo, Henry Masila, 208, 296, 305 Muller, P. J., 271 Ndebele literature multilingualism, 4–8 amahubo, 108 Munro, Brenna, 661, 662 oral culture, 99–111 Murray, M. I., 436 post-1994, 623 Murry, John Middleton, 364 praise poetry, 100–1, 108–10 Musi, King, 101 thamba, 102–3 Mussolini, Benito, 73 thokoza, 104 Mutloatse, Mothobi Ndebele, Njabulo anthology, 526, 784, 813 aesthetics, 640–2, 645 manifesto, 781, 827 Albie Sachs debate, 540 publishers, 812 Black Consciousness, 640 Skotaville, 812–13, 815 COSAW, 645 Staffrider, 830 Cry of Winnie Mandela, The, 659, 664, 785 Mxenge, Victoria, 643 on essentialism, 794–5 Mzamane, Mbulelo, 503, 526, 813 experimentalism, 784–5 Mzilikazi, King, 238, 303 Fools and other Stories, 7, 641–2, 784 Mzimba, Pambani Jeremiah, 327, 330 humanisation of the oppressed, 649 language, 7, 753 Nabokov, Vladimir, 751 on protest poetry, 525 Naidoo, Beverly, 663 Rediscovery, 633–4, 705, 832 Naidoo, G. R., 395 on silenced voices, 656 Naidoo, Indres, 552 township life, 383, 384 Naidoo, Muthal, 576 on TRC, 658 Nakasa, Nat ‘Turkish Tales’, 640–1

863

Index

Ndebele people on Dias, 130 ethnography, 100–1 Ibis Tapestry, The, 790 groups, 100 magic realism, 648, 789, 790 history, 99 Out to Score, 691 independent homeland, 108 Payback, 691, 790 ingoma (boys’ initiation), 106–7 This Day and Age, 790 iqude (girls’ initiation ceremonies), 101–3 Nienaber, P. J., 263, 269, 270, 273, 274 national ceremonies, 107–8 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 171, 311, 340 Nyabela Day, 107–8 Nigeria, 678 politics, 108 Nintai, Moses, 754 traditional healers, 103–4 Nisbet, Hume, 229 Ndhambi, E. P., 611 Nixon, Rob, 532, 701, 704 Ndleka, General, 618 Nkomo, William, 335 Ndwandwe, Gcobhoza, 90 Nkondo, Gessler, 419 Ndzundza kings, 100–1 Nkosi, Lewis Neething, S. J., 43, 818 on 1950s, 405 Neethling-Pohl, Anna, 566 banning order, 806 Negt, Oskar, 824 black versus white writing, 784 Nel, Elias, 467 Drum and, 394, 396, 399 Neruda, Pablo, 313 editor, 394, 404 Netherlands on European technique, 392 Batavian Republic, 115 exile, 404, 415–16 Cape settlement, 113–15 on Fabulous Decade, 387 VOC. See Dutch East India Company ‘Fiction by Black South Africans’, 779 (VOC) on Fugard, 568 New African Movement, 325–37, 804 influences, 335 New Negro Movement, 332, 334 intercultural bohemia, 566 Newman, Judie, 831 international publications, 404 Newton of Olney, John, 149 on Jewish writers, 390 Newton-King, S., 143 language, 753 Ngcobo, Lauretta, 648, 761, 764–5 literary criticism, 415–16, 826, 828 Ngema, Mbongeni, 573, 574 on the Mandela era, 660 Ngewu, L. L., 623 Mating Birds, 663 Ngidi, S., 612 pseudonymous publications, 404 Ngidi, William, 205 publishers, 814 Ngozi, Winston Monwabisi, 519 on realism, 388 Ngubane, Jordan Rhythm of Violence, The, 570 ANC Youth League, 335 Underground People, 658 on Dhlomo, 356 Nkrumah, Kwame, 325 Drum magazine, 397 Noble, J., 276 literary criticism, 336 Noble, John and Roderick, 821 Thema influence, 333, 335 Nongqawuse, 295, 515 Uvalo Iwezihlonzi, 615 Northern Sotho literature Ngugi wa Thiong’o, 415, 421, 560, 801 See also Sepedi language Nguni people animal praise poetry, 43 folklore, 28 apartheid period, 614–15 imbongi, 44 development, 607 languages, 17, 822 Kiba song, 56 Nharo people, 21 post-1994, 622 Nhlapo, Jacob, 811 Nortje, Arthur, 412, 416 Nhlapo, Walter, 333, 334, 335, 348 Nqheku, Albert, 70, 609 Nicol, Mike Ntsane,K.E.,70, 71–2, 73–5 crime fiction, 791 Ntshangase, D. K., 610–11

864

Index

Ntshinga, Norman, 571 on Xhosa tradition, 46 Ntshona, Winston, 571 on Xhosa women, 760 Ntsikana kaGaba, 44, 52, 88, 210, 294 Opperman, Deon Ntsikana, William Kobe, 210 Afrikaner identity, 589 Ntsiko, Jonas, 212, 822 ‘Clat Boek’, 268 Ntuli, D. B. Z. critical survey of, 831 on apartheid disruption, 612 Diepe Grond, 569 biography, 626 Donkerland, 274, 466, 569 Bus Naming, 98 on Eybers, 313 literary historiography, 9 Heilige Beeste, 314, 431 on Nyembezi, 612, 613 Joernal van Jorik, 133, 431 overview, 626 key ﬁgure, 308–9 post-1994 African writers, 619 literary criticism, 310–11, 314, 828 translations, 625, 626, 746 Moreis’nLangDagˆ , 575 on Zulu historical novels, 617, 618 plays, 458 Ntuli, James, 102–3 poetics, 315, 316, 431–2 Nuttall, Sarah, 683 publisher’s reader, 809 Nwapa, Flora, 415 Teken, Die, 568 Nxumalo, Henry Voelvry¨ , 268 Drum magazine 334–5, 394, 395 Oprah Winfrey show, 711 inﬂuences, 333, 334 oral literature journalism, 334, 394 adaptivity, 16 Nyabela Day, 107–8 anthologies, 42–3 Nyasaland. See Malawi ‘Bushmen’s Letters’. See ‘Bushmen’s Nyembezi, Sibusiso Letters’ Inkinsela yase Mgungundlovu, 612, 815 genres, 42 Mntanami! Mntanami!, 611, 612, 613 interaction with print, 16 publishers, 806, 815 Internet and, 55–7 Nyezwa, Mxolisi, 833 izibongo. See izibongo Nyongwana, Sikweleti, 215, 218 lifela. See lifela Nzula, Albert, 335 miners and, 610 Ndebele, 99–111 Obiechina, Emmanuel, 801 overview, 42–3 Odendaal, Welma, 459, 462, 829 political songs, 98–9 Okhela, 424 secondary orality, 57 Oliphant, Andries Walter, 9–10, 257, 830 to written culture, 740 Oliphant, Vincent, 457 www.oralliterature.co.za project, 55 Oliver, Fanie, 457 Orange Free State Olivier, Gerrit, 352 nineteenth-century mission presses, 219–22 Olympic Games, 418 1994 settlement, 248 Omnyama, Mfaz’, 87–8 Boer Republic, 61, 183–4 Ong, Walter, 57, 802 Boer War, 250 Opland, Jeff Orford, Margie, 668, 691, 774, 791 on African oral narrative, 43 Orkin, Martin, 831 on contextual elements, 49 Orpen, J. M., 27 on Mqhayi, 45 Osborne, John, 397 Mtuze collaboration, 626 Ovid, 312 Nation’s Bounty, 44, 45 Owen, Wilfred, 256 rediscovery of Mgqwetho, 758 Ozynscki, Joyce, 829 on social processes, 44 on textual elements, 48, 54 PAC (Pan Africanist Congress), 50, 382, 395, translations, 754 552 on Xhosa publishers, 805 Page, Gertrude, 242

865

Index

Paine, Thomas, 169 apartheid period: Afrikaans, 827–8; English Pakendorf, G., 470 language, 828–30 Pakenham, Thomas, 247, 250 Drum. See Drum magazine Palcy, Euzhan, 704 interregnum, 640 Pam-Grant, Susan, 578 literary magazines, 800: in English, 811 Pan Africanist Congress. See PAC New African Movement, 328 Pannevis, Arnoldus, 182, 272 post-apartheid period, 833–4 Parenzee, Donald, 523 Pers, Nasionale, 395 Paris Evangelical Missionary Society, 60, 206, Pessoa, Fernando, 129 208–9, 296 Pete,´ Stephen, 557 Parker, Kenneth, 831 Peteni, R. L., Hill of Fools, 384 pastoralism, 24 Peters, Lenrie, 415 Patel, Essop, 385, 502, 523 Petersen, Oscar, 569, 576 Paterson, William, 158, 161, 162–3, 173 Petersen, Patrick, 457 Pather, Jay, 578, 579 Petersen, S. V., 432, 437 Paton, Alan Petersen, Taliep, 569 Ah, But Your Land is Beautiful, 488 Pfanner, Franz, 216, 217 anthologised works, 813 Phafoli, L., 69, 75 Cry the Beloved Country: Drum serialisation, Phalane, A. M., 612 397; effect, 388; global readers, 700–1, 711; Pheiffer, R. H., 275 ‘Jim comes to Jo’burg’, 437, 676; Pheto, Molefe, 553 liberalism, 381, 482–3; publisher, 706; Philander, P. J., 433 watershed, 474 Philip, David, 811, 815 ‘Death of a Tsotsi’, 389 Philip, Dr John, 188, 191, 269 ‘Drink in the Passage, A’, 389 Philip, Marie, 815 Drum magazine and, 396, 397 Philipps, Thomas, 193 language, 7 Pienaar, E. C., 824 liberalism, 381, 474, 475–6, 477, 482 Pienaar, Hans, 456 local versus international reputation, Pieterse, Cosmo, 709 701 Pieterse, Pieter, 459 publishers, 706, 707 Pieterson, Hector, 457, 622 Too Late the Phalarope, 373, 485, 486 Pigot, George, 195 Pearson, Ellis, 579 Pigot, Sophia, 195–6 Pechey, Graham, 341, 344, 345, Pinchuk, Ivan, 570 645 Pinnock, Patricia Schonstein, 669 PEN, 477–8, 533, 644, 810 Pippin, Robert, 788 Penn, Nigel, 143, 168, 174 plaasroman, 275, 279, 288, 315–22, 488, 690 People’s Culture campaign, 786 Plaatje, Sol Peregrino, F. Z. S., 214 Boer War, 250, 254 Pereira, Ernest, 362 critical survey of, 831 Performing Arts Councils (PACs), 565, 567, journalism, 293 569 language, 327, 753 periodicals lexicographical work, 207 nineteenth-century: First Afrikaans Mafeking Diary, 250, 255, 257 Language Movement, 821; Basutoland, Mhudi: historical perspective, 184, 303; 208–9; Cape Colony, 196–200, 219–22, landmark, 296; liberalism, 478;Bunyan 821; list, 818; mission presses, 208–22, inﬂuence, 294;overview,788; 293; Natal colony, 214–19;native precolonial society, 304–5; Preface, 299; newspapers, 222–3; Orange Free State, publishers, 297, 805, 814; subversion of 219–22 imperial romance genre, 242 1910–48 literary criticism, 822–6: radical multilingualism, 7 journals, 823–4 Native Life in South Africa, 257, 411 Afrikaans literature, 808, 827–8 politics, 223

866

Index

reviews of, 826 Pound, Ezra, 133, 339, 723 Sechuana Proverbs, 208, 825 Poussin, Nicolas, 122 Setswana periodicals, 214, 220–2 POWA, 99 significance, 206 Poyner, Jane, 783 translations, 752 praise poetry Plekke, Freda, 446 See also specific genres Plettenbergh, Joachim van, 143 contemporary renewal, 77–8, 766 Pliny, 118 izibongo. See izibongo Plomer, William Ndebele, 100–1, 108–10 on Boer War, 251 Swazi literature, 97 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’ and, 36 women and, 761 Cape reader, 706, 707 Zulu, 77, 718 ‘Child of Queen Victoria, The’, 369, 371, Pratt, Mary Louise, 163, 172–4 480–1 Preller, Gustav, 277–8, 824 cosmopolitanism, 360, 367–71, 377, 706 Press, Karen, 153 disjunction, 590 Pretorius, Andries, 277 I Speak of Africa, 370–1 Pretorius, S. J., 432 literary criticism, 376 Pretorius, Wessel, 446, 457 modernism, 787–8 Prevost,´ Abbe,´ 164 overview, 367–71 Pringle, Thomas ‘Portraits in the Nude’, 370, 376 Bushmen, 22 progressive tradition, 343 ‘Cape of Storms’, 122–3 Turbott Wolfe, 368, 369–70, 480, 488, 787 career, 181–2 Voorslag, 370, 823 editor, 196–7, 818 Pniel Lutheran Mission School, 294 humanitarian writings, 191 Podbrey, Pauline, 811 literary critiques, 820 Poland, Marguerite, 493 Literary Society, 198 political poetry, standards, 537–8 Narrative of a Residence in South Africa, 187, political songs, 98–9 191, 476 Population Registration Act, 382, 403 Poems Illustrative of South Africa, 588 Porter, William, 193 poetry, 187, 191 Portugal, 118, 183 reviews of, Portuguese language, 263 settler writing, 186–7 positivism, 159, 160 significance, 188 post-apartheid period Prinsloo, Koos African language literatures, 619–27 border war short stories, 458 Afrikaans literature, 463–70 farm novel and, 460 autobiography, 656, 722–32 gay writing, 462–3 cities, 676–92 postmodernism, 453 collective memories, 656–61 Prinsloo, Major Colonel, 414 crime fiction, 667–8, 691–2 print. See publishing gay and lesbian writing, 661–2 prison writing, 545–61, 644 global realities, 665–71 Ptolemy, 118 literary criticism, 832–4 Publications Acts, 425 memoirs, 717–33 Publishers’ Association of South Africa, 608 national dreams, 652–6 publishing overview, 384–5 nineteenth-century bibliography, 185–6 rewriting the nation, 652–71 African languages: 1948–94, 610–11; sexuality, 661–5 overview, 804–7;post-1994, 620 women writers, 770–5 Afrikaans literature: 1948–76, 429; 1976–90, postmodernism, 453, 491, 782 454, 457;overview,807–10;post- poststructuralism, 782, 832 apartheid, 467; radical developments, Potgieter, Marelize, 622 814

867

Index

publishing (cont.) Rechy, John, 462 anti-apartheid publishers, 383 Red Cross, 551 apartheid and, 403–5 Reitz, Denys Black Consciousness poetry, 503 Boer War, 249, 250, 251, 254 censorship, 382, 383, 425, 439, 806, 809, 813 Commando, 255, 256 classics, 814, 815, 816 fictional representation, 259 contemporary landscape, 800–13 Reitz, F. W., 270, 273, 275, 279–80 culture of the book, 741–2 religion, modernism and, 341–2 development, 182 resettlement camps, 22 English-language books, 810–13 Rex, G., 269–70 future, 800, 813 Reznick, Jenny, 579–80 international publishers, 707–10 Rhodes, Cecil, 213, 228, 251, 253, 303, 479, 706 mission presses, 204–23, 293, 804 Rhodesia. See Zimbabwe periodicals. See periodicals Rhyne, Willem ten, 144 Puleng, N. S., 622 Ricard, Alain, 24 Purves, John, 823 Rice, Michael, 231 Rich, Paul, 474, 478–9, 782 Qabula, Alfred, 47, 91–2, 531, 534–5 Richards, I. A., 828 Richards, Jo-Anne, 659 Raban, Jonathan, 679 Riebeeck. See van Riebeeck, Jan Rabelais, François, 120 Riouful, V., 554 Rabie, Jan Rive, Richard 21, 440 Black Consciousness, 501 experimentalism, 35 Buckingham Palace, 640 overview, 437–8 on Cry, the Beloved Country, 474 Sestiger, 792 District Six writer, 400, 401 Sestiger contributions, 439 Emergency, 486 significance, 437 Emergency Continued, 648 Rabkin, Lily, 389, 824 journalism, 404 Radebe, Mark Samuel, 217 liberalism, 485 Raditladi, Leetile Disang, 296 Nkosi and, 415 Raidt, E. H., 264 postmodernism, 491 Rall, Henk, 446 pseudonymous publications, 404 Ramane, D. T., 616, 619 publishers, 404, 709 Ramaphosa, Cyril, 652 ‘Where the Rainbow Ends’, 501, 506 Ramphele, Mamphela, 720, 772 Rivonia Trial, 52–3 Ramsey, Fiona, 572 Robben Island, 418, 419, 533, 548, 551, 552, Ramzes, Victor, 710 554–5, 571, 743 Randall, Peter, 812 Roberts, Field Marshall, 251 Rapetloane, Filemone, 206 Roberts, Michael, 346 rappers, 93 Roberts, Sheila, 491, 554 Rassool, Ciraj, 151 Robeson, Paul, 811 Rathebe, Dolly, 396 Robinson, Lewin, 818 Ravan Press, 811–13, 815 rock art, 24–6, 31, 32, 36, 263, 354 Raven-Hart, R., 140, 141, 143 Rockefeller Foundation, 813 Ravenscroft, Arthur, 709 Rollnick, David, 810–11 Raynal, Abbe´ Guillaume, 161–2, 164 Romanticism, 587–8, 589, 605 realism Roodt, Dan, 317 1950s, 387–8 Roodt, Darrell, 704 Afrikaans literature, 436–8 Rooke, Daphne Black Consciousness, 389 colonial gothic, 485–6 magic realism, 35, 466, 648, 789–92 exile, 404 naive local realism, 780–1 Greyling, The, 485–6

868

Index

innocence, 392 Saunders, Walter, 829 Mittee, 485–6, 703 Saussure, Ferdinand de, 9, 643 publishers, 707 Schalkwyk, David, 547, 554, 556–7, 644 short stories, 390 Schapera, Isaac, 827 Rookmaaker, Kees, 160 Schechter, Ruth, 824 Roos, Henriette, 720, 721 Scheub, Harold, 43, 827 Rose-Innes, Henrietta, 493, 666, 670 Schlegel, A. W., 819 Ross, Alan, 708 Schmidt, Machtelt, 28, 153 Rossow, P. D., 273 Schoeman, Karel Rothmann, M. E., 719, 727 critical survey of, 831 Roubaix, Paul (Isaac Pfaff), 433 historical writing, 153, 464–5 Roup, Julian, 656 Laaste Afrikaanse Boek, Die, 725–6 Rousseau, Ina, 435, 461 Na die Geliefde Land, 318–19, 444, 468, 726 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 115, 161–2, 164, 165, Noorderlig, 725 166, 169, 175 overview, 443–4 Routh, Guy, 570 Verliesfontein, 259 Royston, R., 512 Wereldˆ van Susanna Smit, Die, 268 Rubadiri, David, 132 Scholtz, A. H. M., 467–8, 669 Rubusana, Walter Scholtz, H. van der Merwe, 311 Izwi Labantu, 213 Scholtz, J. du P., 808 language, 330 Schoonees, P. C., 824 periodical writing, 293 Schreiner, Olive South African National Convention, 223 African Farm, 360, 479, 705, 757–8, 773 Zemk’ inkomo Magwalandini, 208, 294, 303, anti-imperialism, 249 331, 821 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’ and, 36 Runyon, Damon, 397 common view of, 175 Rush, Norman, 702 From Man to Man, 758, 759, 772 Russell, David, 372 on gender, 764 Rutherford, Peggy, 400 international reputation, 710 Ruthven, K. K., 125 liberalism, 479–80 Ryan, R., 523 London, 360 metropolitan expectations and, 705 Saayman, S., 729 modernism, 346 SACHED Trust, 813 overview, 757–9 Sachs, Albie poetic tribute to, 602–3 ANC cultural policy paper debate, 385, progressive tradition, 343 538–40, 645, 832 race and, 236 on homosexuality, 661 reviews of, 823, 824 Jail Diary, 552 romance, 183, 226, 228 Sachs, Bernard, 824 Schoeman biography, 443 Sacks, Peter, 36 solitude of colonial life, 200 Sadawi, Nawal, 560 Trooper Peter Halket, 237, 479 Said, Edward, 172, 783 Woman and Labour, 758–9 Sambrook, Keith, 708 Schrijver, Isac, 143 Sampson, Anthony, 394, 395, 396, 711 Schwarz, Bill, 242 Sampson, Harold, 123, 127 science, eighteenth-century, 159–61 Samuelson, Meg, 662, 677 Scott, Ann, 831 San people. See Khoi-San people Scott, Walter, 231 Sanders, Mark, 311, 658, 771 Scully, William, 123, 481 Sanders, P. B., 827 Seboni, M., 611 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 441 Seekings, J., 529 Sassoon, Siegfried, 369 Seeley, J. R., 253 Saule, Needile, 622 Segal, Ronald, 709

869

Index

Segoete, Everitt Lechesa, 70, 294, 825 Serudu, Maje, 612, 625, 746 Sehlodimela, M. M., 612 Service, Robert, 339 Sekese, Azariele Sesotho language critical discussions of, 825 See also Sotho literature journalism, 209, 294 geographical area, 608 Sotho customs, proverbs and tales, 208, linguistic group, 61 294, 331, 822 mission presses, 207–8 Sekhabi, Aubrey, 577 mission-sponsored periodicals, 208–9 Selepe, T., 614 mission-sponsored translations, 206 Selous, Fredric, 188 translations, 746 Seltzer, Mark, 668 Sestigers, 309, 315, 316, 383, 435, 438–46, 728, Seme, Pixley ka Izaka, 222, 325–6, 335 754, 792, 828 Senghor, Leopold´ Sedar,´ 503 Setswana language Senzangakhona, Prince James, 108–10 See also Tswana literature Sepamla, Sipho nineteenth-century mission presses, ANC and ﬁction, 383 219–22 Black Consciousness, 501 dictionaries, 207 ‘Darkness’, 513 geographical area, 608 ‘Dodger, The’, 518–19 linguistic group, 61, 64 ‘History-books Amen’, 505 translations, 205, 618, 752 jazz references, 519 settler literature New Classic, 829 development, 187 protest poetry, 524 diaries, 192–6 Rainbow Journey, 663 humanitarian debate, 191–2 symbols, 515 hunter romance, 188–91 ‘To Makanna and Nongqawuse’, 515–16 poetry, 187–8 ‘To Whom It May Concern’, 512 Pringle, 186–7 women, 517 sexuality Sepedi language See also gay and lesbian writing See also Northern Sotho literature imperial romances, 233 dialects, 95 post-apartheid period, 661–5 linguistic group, 61 Shaka, King, 61, 65, 77–8, 79–80, 82, 88, 183, translations into, 618 238, 292, 301–2, 343, 516, 617, 618, 625 Sepuma, Peter, 580 Shakespeare, William, 330, 396, 752, 818, 822, Seroke, Jaki, 812–13, 815 825 Serote, Mongane Wally Sharpe, Tom, 490 ‘Actual Dialogue, The’, 513 Sharpeville massacre (1960), 327, 382, 414, 415, ANC and ﬁction, 383 438, 442–3, 452, 477, 486, 504, 511, 552 Black Consciousness, 501, 639 Shaw, Barnabas, 746 ‘Burning Cigarette’, 509–10 Shaw, Damian, 188, 270 cities, 678, 681 Shaw, George Bernard, 343, 347 jazz references, 519 Shaw, Margaret, 166 ‘Kneel Down Woman’, 517–18 Sheldon, Lionel, 433 long poems, 535 Shelley, Percy B., 279, 587 Makeba song and, 515 Shembe, Isaiah, 88–9, 90, 91, 92, 294 No Baby Must Weep, 525 Shembeism, 326 ‘Prelude’, 519 Shepherd,R.H.W.,206, 208, 804, 805 publishers, 708, 811 Shepstone system, 347, 350 To Every Birth its Blood, 639, 662, 677, 784, Shezi, Mtuli, 571 786–7 Shilowa, Bhazima, 98 Tough Tale, 526 Shils, Edward, 801 ‘What’s in this Black “Shit”’, 514, 523 short stories Yakhal’inkomo, 503 1950s white English writers, 387–93

870

Index

District Six writers, 400–3 overview, 363–7 Drum magazine, 393–400 ‘Pain, The’, 365 Showalter, E., 762 Plomer on, 376 Sibiya,N.G.,623–4, 626 quietness, 393 Siers, Rushdy, 539 regionalism, 360, 365 Sikosana, M., 623 romantic realism, 363–7 Sillinga, Enoch, 296 ‘Schoolmaster, The’, 365–6 Simon, Barney, 572, 573, 829 Smith, Wilbur, 189, 707, 708 Simons, Jack and Ray, 304 Smuts, Jan, 256, 289, 343, 476, 706 Sinclair, F. D., 123, 127 Snyders, Peter, 457 Sinxo, Guy Bundlwana, 333 Snyman, Adriaan, 459 Sishi, Hubert, 618 Snyman,J.P.L.,829 Sisulu, Walter, 52 Sobhuza, King, 97 siSwati language soccer World Cup (2010), 55 See also Swazi literature social Darwinism, 22, 230, 232 geographical area, 608 social realism, 387–8, 479, 780 Sitas, Ari, 524, 530–1, 534, 539 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Sithole, E. T., 79–80 210, 215 Sitole, Bongani, 47–54, 57 Soga, Allan Kirkland Skhosana, Philemon Buti, 106 African nationalism, 335 Skhosana, Timothy, 110 Dias and, 132 Skota, Mweli, 222, 812 Imwo publication, 213 Skotaville, 812–13 journalism, 213, 214 Skotnes, Pippa, 33, 36–7, 745 South African National Congress, 223 Slabolepszy, Paul, 574–5, 578 Soga, John Anderson, 206, 294 Slagtersnek (1815), 133 Soga, Tiyo Slater, Francis Carey, 588, 590 critical discussions of, 825 slave-trading, 183 on historical writing, 304 Sleigh, Dan, 153, 267 Indaba contributions, 211 Slovo, Gillian, 658, 720 Journal, 196 Small, Adam, 403, 433, 434, 569 language, 753 Smit, Bartho role, 182 Christine, 568 translations, 205–6, 293 Don Juan onder die Boere, 569 Sole, Kelwyn experimental plays, 441 disjunction, 593 Putsonderwater, 568 literary criticism, 832 Sestiger, 792 lyric poetry, 602–3 Sestiger contributions, 439, 828 ‘Promised Land’, 526–7 Verminktes, Die, 567–8 protest poetry, 524 Smit, Erasmus, 150, 718 Somerset, Charles, 181, 186, 198, 230 Smit, Hettie, 314 Somerset, Helen, 176 Smit, Susanna Catharina, 150–1, 153, 268, Sophiatown, 333, 381, 382, 393–400, 413, 566, 769 572, 677 Smith, Andrew, 818 Sotho languages Smith, J. J., 279 See also Sepedi language; Sesotho Smith, Malvern van Wyk, 4, 6, 9, 143, 190, 250, language; Sotho literature 831 dialects, 95 Smith, Pauline linguistic group, 61 Beadle, The, 364, 366, 480 Sotho literature career, 363 See also Sesotho language Koenraad tales, 367 apartheid period, 611, 613–14, 615 language, 7 development, 607 Little Karoo, The, 364–5, 366–7, 376, 377, 480 early collections, 208

871

Index

Sotho languages (cont.) Stewart, James, 211, 212 Makgoweng, 611, 614 Steyn, J. C., 446, 459, 464, 726 migrant novel, 70 Stockenstrom,¨ Wilma, 319, 445, 460–1, 829 migrant poetry, 70–5 Stockley, Cynthia, 242 miners’ poetry, 610 Stow, G. W., 354 New African Movement, 330 Strabo, 118 oral genres, 60: dikoma, 63–5; dithoko. See Strachan, Alexander, 458 dithoko; lifela. See lifela;modernpoetry Strehlow, Theodor, 32 and, 70–5 Stresemann, Erwin, 160–1 post-1994, 622, 624, 625, 627 Stuart, James, 84, 294, 303 scholarship, 17 Surrealism, 792 South African Black Theatre Union (SABTU), Sutherland, John, 801 571 Suttner, Raymond, 553 South African College, 198 Suzman, Helen, 417, 477 South African Constitutional Court, 545–6 Swan, Annie, 227, 229 South African Council of Churches, 813 Swanepoel, Christiaan, 9, 612, 619 South African Literary Society, 198 Swazi literature South African National Convention, 223 See also siSwati language South African National Gallery and Museum, apartheid period, 616 36 development, 607 South African Native Congress (SANC), 213, praise poetry, 97 214 Swaziland South African Native National Congress British colonialism, 61 (SANNC), 215, 221, 222, 223 migrant labour, 61 South African PEN, 477–8, 533, 810 monarchy, 97, 98 South African War. See Anglo-Boer War Swellendam language, 268 (1899–1902) Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 249 Southern Rhodesia. See Zimbabwe Switzer, D., 218, 219, 222 Southey, Rosamond, 226 Switzer, L., 204–5, 206–7, 212, 218, 219, 220, Sovetjhera, 108 222, 223 Sowden, Lewis, 567 symbolistes, 339, 346 Soweto poets, 383 Soweto uprising (1976), 90, 383, 452, 454, 477, Tachard, G., 26 504, 525, 574, 704 Tambo, Oliver, 53, 335, 424, 559 Soyinka, Wole, 415, 575, 801 Tanzania, 414 Space (Cape Town), 571 Tas, Adam, 146–7, 267 Sparrman, Anders Tasso, Torquato, 120 anti-slavery campaigner, 168 Taylor, Charles, 787 on Buffon, 163 Taylor, Dora, 392, 404, 824 critical debate, 173 Taylor, Jane, 658 naturalist, 158 technauriture, 55–7 preface, 160 television, 621 Spettigue, Jane, 226, 229 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 339 Spies, Lina, 446, 457, 461 thamba, 102–3 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 237 Theal, G. M., 191 Stanley, Liz, 248 theatre Stapleton, R. J., 819 nineteenth-century reviews, 820 Stead, W. T., 248, 249 recovery, 565, 575–81 Stein, Sylvester, 394, 395 regulation, 565, 566–70 Steinberg, Jonny, 385, 553, 668 resistance, 565, 570–5 Steiner, George, 742 Theatre of the Absurd, 441 Stern, Irma, 443 Thema, Selope Stevenson, Nora, 227 Abantu-Batho, 222

872

Index

Bantu World, 332–3, 334 Boer War, 250 Drum, 395, 399–400 Bosman and, 372 influence, 335 Transvaal Interim Cultural Desk, 529 New African Movement, 326, 329 Trapido, Barbara, 493 on Shakespeare, 396 travel writing Themba, Can seventeenth-century, 143 ‘Baby Come Duze’, 397 eighteenth-century, 26, 158–76: banning order, 806 anthropology, 164–7; colonial critique, Drum magazine and, 335, 394, 395, 398 165, 167–71; critical debate, 171–5; exile, 404 Enlightenment, 161–4; influence, 175–6; international publications, 404 scientific ideals, 159–61 ‘Mob Passion’, 397 early Hottentot representations, 143–5 pseudonymous publications, 404 Truth and Reconciliation Commission Suit, The, 576 (TRC), 170, 259, 385, 456, 460, 464, 465, thoko. See dithoko 478, 577, 658–60, 703, 717, 731, 746, 770 thokoza, 104 Treason Trials, 401, 402 Thomas, Gladys, 524 Trichardt, Louis, 150, 268, 718 Thomson, John, 418 Trollope, Anthony, 185, 200–1 Thomson, William Rodger, 123 Troost, Heinrich, 685, 687 Thunberg, Carl, naturalist, 158 Trumpener, Katie, 186 Thwala, J. J., 97 tshigombela, 96 Tindall, H., 27 Tshivenda language Tiro, Onkgopotse, 507 See also Venda literature Titian, 122 Tshola, Tshepo, 75 Titlestad, Michael, 667 Tsonga literature Titus, Marius, 457 See also Xitsonga language Tlale, Abimaele, 209 apartheid period, 611 Tlali, Miriam, 383, 761, 763–4, 811 development, 607 Toerien, Barend, 433, 470 historical novels, 297 Tolstoy, Leo, 364 post-1994, 624, 625 Tomaselli, Keyan, 830 xibelani, 96 Totius. See duToit,J.D. Tsonga-Ronga peoples, 42 Tracey, Hugh, 85 Tsotsi (film), 704 trade unions, 525 tsotsitaal, 518 transhumance, 24 Tswana literature translations See also Setswana language See also languages; missionaries apartheid period, 611, 615, 616–17 Achebe, 618 development, 607 Afrikaans writing, 746, 750–2 early publications, 208 asymmetrical trading, 742 historical novels, 296 crossovers, 745 Turgenev, Ivan, 364 cultural cross-appropriation, 744–5 Turner, Jann, 659 culture of the book, 741–2 Turner,N.S.,43 from African languages, 293–4 Turrell, Rob, 830 into African languages, 625: Twain, Mark, 372 autobiographies, 717 Tyamzashe, George, 213 modes, 739–40 Tyler, Josiah, 214, 294 overview, 739–55 seam theory, 744 U-Carmen eKhayelitsha (film), 704 van Niekerk’s works, 747–50 !ui-Taa language, 26 Transvaal Uithalder, Piet, 277, 720 1994 settlement, 248 Umhalla, Nathaniel, 213 Boer Republic, 61, 183–4 umrabulo, 533

873

Index

UNESCO, 626 My Kubaan, 459 Union. See Act of Union (1910) Stoetmeester, Die, 321 United Democratic Front, 383, 527–8, 529–31, Swye van Mario Salviati, Die, 466, 660, 634, 645, 781 793–4 United Kingdom Toorberg, 320–1, 793 See also empire van Heerden, Petronella, 719 1834 Select Committee Report on van Niekerk, Dolf, 437, 439, 467 Aborigines, 192 van Niekerk, Marlene Boer War. See Anglo-Boer War on Afrikaner culture, 662 United States Agaat: Afrikaner history, 466; farm novel, CIA, 709 321–2, 773; mirror concept, 751;pastand Harlem Renaissance, 333, 334, 335, 389, 397, present, 660; translation, 317, 750;urban 399, 506–7 migration, 319 literary criticism, 834 dystopia, 318 Negro Press Association, 214 experimentalism, 792 New Negro Movement, 332, 334 historical writing, 465–6 University of Cape Town, 803, 824 lesbian writer, 661 University of Durban-Westville, 833 translated works, 747–50 University of KwaZulu-Natal, 830, 833 Triomf, 465–6, 654–5, 662, 680–1: University of Potchefstroom, 830 translation, 747–50 University of the North, 830 van Onselen, Charles, 553, 570 Urban Natives Act (1925), 512 van Oord, J. F., 276 Uys, Pieter-Dirk, 458, 571, 577, 662 van Rensburg, M. C. J., 271 van Riebeeck, Jan Vail, L., 46, 85–6, 90, 97 introduction of herbs and spices, 267 van Bruggen, Jochem, 316, 318 journal, 141–3, 718 van Coller, H. P., 464 Khoikhoi land rights, 144–6 van den Heever, C. M., 315–16, 318, 808, Le Vaillant on, 169 827–8 origins of Afrikaans literature, 263 van den Heever, Toon, 309 South African historiography, 151 van der Lingen, G. W. A., 272 style, 266 van der Merwe, Kirby, 467 Tricentenary, 566 van der Post, Laurens VOC ofﬁcial, 114 Bushmen, 22, 32 van Rooyen, Engela, 464 Heart of the Hunter, The, 32 van Rooyen, P. H., 467 In a Province, 482 van Vuuren, Janse, 101, 106 international reputation, 706–7 van Vuuren, Rob, 577 Mantis and his Friends, The, 32 van Warmelo, N. J., 43 modernism, 787–8 van Wijk, Jan, 262 myth-making, 719 van Woerden, Henk, 385 Plomer and, 370 van Wyk, Christopher primitivism, 787 Black Consciousness, 502 Voorslag, 370, 823 protest poetry, 524 van der Stel, Willem Adriaan, 147 Shirley, Goodness and Mercy, 656 van der Vyver, Marita, 462, 654, 670 Staffrider, 830 van Graan, Mike, 577 Year of the Tapeworm, The, 653 van Heerden, Ernst, 308, 314, 432, 457 Varon, Casimir, 168 van Heerden, Etienne Vaughan, Michael, 474, 781, 832 30 Nagte in Amsterdam, 670 Venda literature Casspirs en Camparis, 663 apartheid period, 611, 616 farm novel tradition, 460 development, 607 In Stede van die Liefde, 469, 669, 689 Makhuwani, 611 Kikoejoe, 659 post-1994, 623, 624

874

Index

translation of oral poetry, 17 van Schaik, J. L., 807 tshigombela, 96 von Wielligh, Gideon Retief, 35, 275 Venter, Eben Vorster, John, 445, 456 emigration, 670 Vos, Michiel Christiaan, 149 farm novel tradition, 318, 460 Foxtrot van die Vleiseters, 321 Wa Bofelo, M., 509 Horrelpoot, 319, 321, 468–9, 670, 690–1 Wait, William, 193 Venter, F. A., 436–7, 438, 676 Wake, Clive, 709 Venter, P. A. de Waal, 829 Walder, Dennis, 831 Venuti, Lawrence, 742 Wali, Obiajunwa, 421 Vereeniging, Peace of (1902), 251 Wallace, Edgar, 253 Verlaine, Paul, 343 Waller, Mark, 833 Vermeer, Jan, 313 Walters, M. M., 446, 457 Verwoerd, Hendrik, 315, 412, 442, Wannenburgh, Alf, 400, 404 567 Wanner, Zukiswa, 774 Victoria, Queen, 251, 252 Ward, Harriet, 190–1, 238 Vigiti Magna, 142 Ward, K., 154 Vigne, Randolph, 709 Warner, Basil, 567 Vilakazi, Benedict Wallet Warnes, Christopher, 789 Africans and history, 299 Washington, Booker T., 332, 811 on Bantu literature, 292–3 Wasserman, Hermann, 688 Dhlomo and, 349 Watermeyer, G. A., 432 ‘Ezinkomponi’, 609 Watson, Stephen framework, 342 ‘After Reading The End of Nature’, 601–2 ‘Gold Mines’, 511 disjunction, 593 historical novels, 296, 303, 305 failure of liberal vision, 483 inﬂuence, 511 historical writing, 467 isiZulu writing, 333 ‘In a Nearly Empty Hotel Bar’, 601 izibongo tradition, 609 Krog scandal, 34 language debate, 327, 333 on liberal humanist poetry, 125–6 New African Movement, 330 melancholic landscapes, 600–2 publishers, 805 ‘Mountain Light at Kromrivier’, 601 reviews of, 825, 826 ‘Mountain, The’, 127 tradition building, 341 Return to the Moon, 32–3 translated works, 754 ‘Sea Close By’, 601 on Zulu poetry, 42–3, 84 ‘Thinness’, 601 Viljoen, Lettie, 459 ‘Ties of Blood’, 601 Viljoen, Louise, 143, 728 on |Xam literature, 32–3, 745 Villon, Franc¸ois, 313 Watson, William, 252 Virgil, 120, 128, 168 Wauchope, Isaac (W. W. Citashe) Visser, A. G., 309 language, 330, 334, 753 Visser, Nicholas, 647, 786–7 literary criticism, 822, 825 Vladislavic,´ Ivan ‘To us a son is born’, 213 cities, 579, 669 Xhosa folklore, 825 Exploded View, The, 685–7, 791 ‘Your cattle are gone, my countrymen!’, Folly, The, 791 212 magic realism, 789, 791 Webb, John, 824 Portrait with Keys, 687, 791 Webster, Elizabeth Charlotte, 227, 229, 234 publishers, 814 Webster, Mary Morison, 124 Restless Supermarket, The, 655, 680, 681–2, Weideman, George, 446, 457 791 Wells, R. E., 63, 70 short stories, 791 Welsh, David, 475–6 VOC. See Dutch East India Company (VOC) Wentzel, Magadien, 553

875

Index

Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, landmarks, 757–75 210–11 post-apartheid period, 770–5 Whales, George, 221 theatre, 574 White, Edmund, 462 variety of discourses, 761–70 White, Landeg, 46, 85–6, 90, 97, 120 Wood, Charles, 705 White, T., 805 Woolf, Leonard, 369, 371 Whitman, Walt, 130 Woolf, Virginia, 364, 369, 371, 769–70 Whyle, James, 575, 578 Worden, N., 154 Wicomb, Zoe¨ Wordsworth, William, 587, 597, 818, 820 David’s Story, 660, 665, 759, 771–2, 795 Worger, William, 546 everyday life, 384 Workshop 71, 572 liberation struggle, 385 Wright, David, 127, 129, 131 Playing in the Light, 659, 665, 698–9 Wright, Richard, 335, 397, 784 publishers, 814 Wuras, C. F., 27 ‘To Hear’, 762, 764 www.litnet.co.za, 56 ‘Translations in the Yard of Africa’, 739, www.oralliterature.co.za project, 55 742–4 Wylde, Atherton (Frances Colenso), 227, 236, TRC and, 658 238 You Can’t Get Lost in Cape Town, 642, 768, Wynne, Arnold, 822 795 Wynne, May, 226 Wikar, Hendrik Jacob, 26–7, 143 Wilcox, John, 242 |Xam literature Wilhelm, Peter, 130 See also Khoi-San people Willan, Brian, 831 ‘Bushmen’s Letters’. See ‘Bushmen’s Willemse, Catherine, 720 Letters’ Willemse, Hein, 272, 277, 453, 457 collections, 32–4 Williams, Michael, 691 language, 2 Williams, Tennessee, 569 poetic appropriation, 745 Wiltshire, Jan, 457 records, 26–8 Winterbach, Ingrid, 259, 465, 688 translations, 16, 822 Wishaw, Frederick, 226, 228, 233 |Xam peoples, 19 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 643 See also Khoi-San people Witz, Leslie, 151 Xhosa Frontier Wars, 227 Wodehouse, Philip, 20 Xhosa literature Wolf, Christa, 464 anthology, 208, 278, 294, 303, 821 Wolpe, AnnMarie, 720 apartheid period, 618 women classics, 815 African women’s minority status, 763 development, 607 apartheid struggle, 648 early publications, 208 folk-tales, 96, 760 folk-tales, 43, 760, 825 imperial romance and gender, 233 historical novels, 297 rural societies, 97 imbongi. See imbongi theatre and, 565 intsomi, 760 white prisoners, 556 izibongo. See izibongo writers. See women writers Makanna (Anon), 176 women writers New African Movement, 329–30 nineteenth-century colonialism, 195 post-1994, 622, 623, 626 1950s, 405 translations, 384, 753 Afrikaans literature, 434–5, 459–62 women writers, 760 Afrikaans poets, 434–5 xibelani, 96 apartheid period, 761–70 Xitsonga language black memorialists, 720 See also Tsonga literature COSAW Women’s Forum, 535 geographical area, 608

876

Index

Xoboloko, A. S., 51 folklore, 29, 43 Xozwa, Lordwyck, 44 historical novels, 296, 297 miners’ poetry, 610 Yali-Manisi, David Livingstone Phakamile, New African Movement, 330 45, 47, 48, 53, 330 oral poetry, 42–3 Yawa, S., 623 post-1994, 622–4: key figures, 625–6 Yazbek, A., 621 praise poetry: nineteenth-century Yeats, W. B., 346 backgrounds, 78–84; amahubo, 89–90; Yesterday (film), 704 apartheid era, 534–5; ihubo lesizwe, 89–90; izibongo, 77; izithakazelo, 78–80, 81; Zimbabwe maskanda, 77–8, 85, 86–8, 92–3; amaNdebele people, 99 post-1880s, 84–92; scholarship, 84–5; imperial romance, 242 tradition, 718 migrants, 61, 678 publishing, 805, 815 South African involvement in, 458 scholarship, 17 Ziqubu, Epraim, 519 television, 621 Zola, Emile, 364 Zulu, N. S., 613, 622–3, 624 Zondi, Lawrence, 534 Zulu Wars, 183, 228, 294 Zonnebloem College, 215 Zuluboy, 93 Zulu Christian Industrial School, 218 Zuma, Jacob, 77, 81, 92–3, 99, 577 Zulu literature Zwaartman, Samuel (H.W. Cooper), 270 See also isiZulu language; KwaZulu-Natal Zwelithini, King Goodwill, 82 apartheid period, 611, 615–16, 617–18 Zwelonke, J. M., 552, 559 detective fiction, 618 Zwi, Rose, 640 development, 607 Zwide kaLanga, Chief, 80

877