Streaming Von Urheberrechtlich Geschützten Werken Simon Jonas

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Streaming Von Urheberrechtlich Geschützten Werken Simon Jonas Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2016 Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken. Eine Bewertung aus der Perspektive des Schweizer Urheber- und Strafrechts Böhi, Simon Jonas Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-152401 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Böhi, Simon Jonas. Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken. Eine Bewertung aus der Per- spektive des Schweizer Urheber- und Strafrechts. 2016, University of Zurich, Faculty of Law. Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken Eine Bewertung aus der Perspektive des Schweizer Urheber- und Strafrechts Dissertation der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Rechtswissenschaft vorgelegt von Simon Jonas Böhi von Meilen ZH genehmigt auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Christian Schwarzenegger und Prof. Dr. Florent Thouvenin Die Rechtswissenschaftliche Fakultät gestattet hierdurch die Drucklegung der vorliegenden Dissertation, ohne damit zu den darin ausgesprochenen Anschauungen Stellung zu nehmen. Zürich, den 5. Oktober 2016 Die Dekanin: Prof. Dr. Brigitte Tag Für meine Eltern Vorwort Vorliegende Arbeit entstand während meiner Assistenzzeit am Lehrstuhl von Prof. Dr. Christian Schwarzenegger. Ihm möchte ich an dieser Stelle meinen herzlichen Dank aussprechen. Er hat mich auf das interessante Gebiet des Urheberstrafrechts aufmerksam gemacht und mir beim Verfassen der Arbeit grosse Freiheit gewährt. Bedanken möchte ich mich auch für die lehrreiche Zeit, die ich an seinem Lehrstuhl verbringen durfte. Ebenfalls danke ich Prof. Dr. Florent Thouvenin, der das Erstellen des Zweitgutachtens übernommen hat. Bedanken möchte ich mich weiter bei meinen Kollegen für die anregenden Diskussionen und wertvollen Denkanstösse. Ein besonderer Dank gebührt MLaw Carlo Hamburger und lic. iur. Simon Meier für die Durchsicht des Manuskripts. Gewidmet ist die Arbeit meinen Eltern Elsbeth und Hannes Böhi, die mir meine Ausbildung ermöglicht und mich stets unterstützt haben. Zürich im August 2015 SIMON J. BÖHI V Inhaltsübersicht Vorwort V Inhaltsübersicht VII Inhaltsverzeichnis IX Abkürzungsverzeichnis XXII Literaturverzeichnis XXXI Materialienverzeichnis LV Einleitung 1 I. Problemstellung und Zielsetzung 1 II. Gang der Untersuchung 2 1. Teil: Technische und rechtliche Grundlagen des Streaming 5 I. Technische Einführung 5 II. Urheberrechtsschutz 19 2. Teil: Rechtliche Bewertung der einzelnen Vorgänge beim Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken aus Sicht des Stream-Anbieters 29 I. Betroffene Verwertungsrechte 29 II. Illegale Streaming-Dienste (am Beispiel von kino.to) 45 III. Live-Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken durch Private 68 3. Teil: Rechtliche Bewertung der einzelnen Vorgänge beim Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken aus Sicht des Nutzers 73 I. Urheberrechtlich relevante Werknutzung oder bloss rezeptiver Werkgenuss? 73 VII Inhaltsübersicht II. Schranken des Urheberrechts 81 III. Technische Massnahmen zum Schutz digitaler Werke beim Streaming 100 4. Teil: Sonderfall P2P-Streaming 153 I. Rechtliche Bewertung des P2P-Streaming aus Sicht der Nutzer 154 II. Rechtliche Bewertung des P2P-Streaming aus Sicht der übrigen Beteiligten 159 III. Legale Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von P2P-Streaming 172 5. Teil: Rechtsdurchsetzung bei Urheberrechtsverletzungen im Rahmen des Streaming 174 I. Datenbearbeitung zur Ermittlung von Urheberrechtsverletzern im Internet 175 II. Warnhinweismodell 193 III. Entfernung urheberrechtsverletzender Inhalte durch Hosting- Provider (take down) 199 IV. Verhinderung des erneuten Hochladens (stay down) 202 V. Zugangssperren durch Access-Provider 205 Zusammenfassung wesentlicher Ergebnisse 213 I. Streaming aus der Perspektive der Anbieter 213 II. Streaming aus der Perspektive der Nutzer 215 III. Technische Massnahmen zum Schutze digitaler Streaming- Angebote 217 IV. P2P-Streaming 219 V. Rechtsdurchsetzung bei Urheberrechtsverletzungen im Rahmen des Streaming 220 VI. Der weitere Gesetzgebungsprozess seit Dezember 2015 224 VIII Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort V Inhaltsübersicht VII Inhaltsverzeichnis IX Abkürzungsverzeichnis XXII Literaturverzeichnis XXXI Materialienverzeichnis LV Einleitung 1 I. Problemstellung und Zielsetzung 1 II. Gang der Untersuchung 2 1. Teil: Technische und rechtliche Grundlagen des Streaming 5 I. Technische Einführung 5 1. Streaming von Audio-/Video-Dateien 5 A. Lineares Streaming 8 a) Live-Streaming 8 b) Near-on-Demand-Streaming 9 B. Nicht lineares Streaming (On-Demand-Streaming) 9 a) Verschiedene Arten des On-Demand-Streaming 11 aa) True-On-Demand-Streaming 11 bb) Progressive Download 11 cc) Progressive Download mit http-Pseudo- Streaming 12 b) Technische Umsetzung der Distribution der Inhalte beim On-Demand-Streaming 12 aa) Streaming von einem Web-Server 13 bb) Streaming von einem Streaming-Server 14 C. P2P-Streaming 15 a) Tracker-Verfahren 16 b) Dezentrales Verfahren 16 IX Inhaltsverzeichnis 2. Streaming von Computerspielen 17 3. Streaming von Büchern 18 II. Urheberrechtsschutz 19 1. Rechtsquellen 19 A. Internationales Recht 19 B. Nationales Recht 19 2. Räumlicher Geltungsbereich des schweizerischen Urheberstrafrechts 20 3. Inhalt des Schweizer Urheberrechts 21 A. Schutzvoraussetzungen 21 B. Rechte des Urhebers 22 C. Verwandte Schutzrechte (Art. 33 ff. URG) 23 D. Schranken des Urheberrechts 24 E. Rechtsschutz 26 a) Zivilrechtlicher Schutz 26 b) Strafrechtlicher Schutz 27 2. Teil: Rechtliche Bewertung der einzelnen Vorgänge beim Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken aus Sicht des Stream-Anbieters 29 I. Betroffene Verwertungsrechte 29 1. Vervielfältigungsrecht (Art. 10 Abs. 2 lit. a URG) 29 A. Nicht-lineares Streaming 30 B. Lineares Streaming 30 a) Live-Streaming 30 b) Near-on-Demand-Streaming 31 2. Recht der Zugänglichmachung (Art. 10 Abs. 2 lit. c URG) 32 A. Nicht-lineares Streaming 32 B. Lineares Streaming 33 3. Senderecht (Art. 10 Abs. 2 lit. d URG) 33 A. Nicht-lineares Streaming 34 B. Lineares Streaming 34 4. Werkintegrität (Art. 11 URG) 34 5. Erschöpfungsgrundsatz (Art. 12 URG) 35 A. Allgemeines 35 B. Der Erschöpfungsgrundsatz im digitalen Umfeld 36 6. Zwischenergebnis 38 X Inhaltsverzeichnis 7. Sonderfall: Framing 39 A. Technische Einführung des Framing 39 B. Rechtliche Qualifikation des Framing 40 a) Vervielfältigungsrecht 40 b) Öffentliche Zugänglichmachung 41 II. Illegale Streaming-Dienste (am Beispiel von kino.to) 45 1. Übersicht 45 2. Strafbarkeit der Uploader 46 A. Unerlaubte Herstellung von Werkexemplaren 46 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 46 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 47 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 47 d) Gewerbsmässiges Handeln 47 B. Unerlaubte Zugänglichmachung 48 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 48 aa) Unrechtmässigkeit der Tathandlung 48 bb) Rechtmässiger Privatgebrauch 48 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 49 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 49 d) Gewerbsmässiges Handeln 49 3. Strafbarkeit der Betreiber von Linksammlungen 50 A. Alleintäterschaft 50 B. Mittelbare Täterschaft 51 C. Mittäterschaft 51 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 51 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 53 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 53 d) Gewerbsmässiges Handeln 53 D. Anstiftung 54 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 54 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 55 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 55 E. Gehilfenschaft zur unerlaubten Herstellung von Werkexemplaren auf den Servern der Filehoster 55 F. Gehilfenschaft zur unerlaubten Zugänglichmachung von Werken 56 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 56 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 57 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 57 XI Inhaltsverzeichnis 4. Strafbarkeit der Filehoster 58 A. Alleintäterschaft 58 B. Mittäterschaft 59 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 59 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 60 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 60 d) Gewerbsmässiges Handeln 60 C. Anstiftung 61 D. Gehilfenschaft zur unerlaubten Herstellung von Werkexemplaren 61 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 61 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 61 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 62 E. Gehilfenschaft zur unerlaubten Zugänglichmachung von Werken 62 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 62 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 63 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 63 5. Strafbarkeit der Werbekunden auf illegalen Streaming- Diensten 63 A. Alleintäterschaft oder Mittäterschaft 63 B. Gehilfenschaft zur unerlaubten Herstellung und Zugänglichmachung von Werken 63 a) Objektiver Tatbestand 64 b) Subjektiver Tatbestand 64 c) Rechtswidrigkeit und Schuld 65 6. Beteiligung an einer kriminellen Organisation 65 III. Live-Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken durch Private 68 1. Übersicht 68 2. Rechtliche Bewertung 69 A. Betroffene Verwertungsrechte 69 a) Vervielfältigungsrecht (Art. 10 Abs. 2 lit. a URG) 69 b) Senderecht (Art. 10 Abs. 2 lit. d URG) 70 c) Weitersenderecht (Art. 10 Abs. 2 lit. e URG) 70 B. Schrankenregelung 71 XII Inhaltsverzeichnis a) Schranke für technisch bedingte Vervielfältigungen ohne eigenständige wirtschaftliche Bedeutung (Art. 24a URG) 71 b) Schranke des Privatgebrauchs (Art. 19 Abs. 1 lit. a URG) 72 C. Urheberstrafrechtliche Konsequenzen 72 3. Teil: Rechtliche Bewertung der einzelnen Vorgänge beim Streaming von urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken aus Sicht des Nutzers 73 I. Urheberrechtlich relevante Werknutzung oder bloss rezeptiver Werkgenuss? 73 1. Umfang der Teilvervielfältigung 75 2. Bestandsdauer der Teilvervielfältigung 76 3. Schutzfähigkeit von Teilvervielfältigungen 77 II. Schranken des Urheberrechts 81 1. Schranke für technisch bedingte Vervielfältigungen ohne eigenständige wirtschaftliche
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