How Do Selective Herbicides Work?
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Common and Chemical Names of Herbicides Approved by the WSSA
Weed Science 2010 58:511–518 Common and Chemical Names of Herbicides Approved by the Weed Science Society of America Below is the complete list of all common and chemical of herbicides as approved by the International Organization names of herbicides approved by the Weed Science Society of for Standardization (ISO). A sponsor may submit a proposal America (WSSA) and updated as of September 1, 2010. for a common name directly to the WSSA Terminology Beginning in 1996, it has been published yearly in the last Committee. issue of Weed Science with Directions for Contributors to A herbicide common name is not synonymous with Weed Science. This list is published in lieu of the selections a commercial formulation of the same herbicide, and in printed previously on the back cover of Weed Science. Only many instances, is not synonymous with the active ingredient common and chemical names included in this complete of a commercial formulation as identified on the product list should be used in WSSA publications. In the absence of label. If the herbicide is a salt or simple ester of a parent a WSSA-approved common name, the industry code number compound, the WSSA common name applies to the parent as compiled by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) with compound only. CAS systematic chemical name or the systematic chemical The chemical name used in this list is that preferred by the name alone may be used. The current approved list is also Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) according to their system of available at our web site (www.wssa.net). -
Herbicide Mode of Action Table High Resistance Risk
Herbicide Mode of Action Table High resistance risk Chemical family Active constituent (first registered trade name) GROUP 1 Inhibition of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase (ACC’ase inhibitors) clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Agixa®*, Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold* Decision®*, Hoegrass®), Aryloxyphenoxy- fenoxaprop (Cheetah®, Gold*, Wildcat®), fluazifop propionates (FOPs) (Fusilade®), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) Cyclohexanediones (DIMs) butroxydim (Factor®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) Phenylpyrazoles (DENs) pinoxaden (Axial®) GROUP 2 Inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS inhibitors), acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) Imidazolinones (IMIs) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, Lightning®*, Midas®* OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) Pyrimidinyl–thio- bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) benzoates Sulfonylureas (SUs) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*, Trimac Plus®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron (Logran®, Logran® B-Power®*), tribenuron (Express®), -
Acifluorfen Sorption, Degradation, and Mobility in a Mississippi Delta Soil
Acifluorfen Sorption, Degradation, and Mobility in a Mississippi Delta Soil L. A. Gaston* and M. A. Locke ABSTRACT repulsion effects, acifluorfen is sorbed by soil or soil Potential surface water and groundwater contaminants include her- constituents (Pusino et al., 1991; Ruggiero et al., 1992; bicides that are applied postemergence. Although applied to the plant Pusino et al., 1993; Gennari et al., 1994b; NeÁgre et al., canopy, a portion of any application reaches the soil either directly 1995; Locke et al., 1997). Although the extent of sorp- or via subsequent foliar washoff. This study examined sorption, degra- tion in soil is generally proportional to OC content dation, and mobility of the postemergence herbicide acifluorfen (5-[2- (Gennari et al., 1994b; NeÁgre et al., 1995; Locke et al., chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid) in Dundee 1997), sorption likely involves processes other than par- silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Aeric Ochraqualf) taken titioning between aqueous and organic matter phases. from conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) field plots. Homogeneous In particular, acifluorfen forms complexes with divalent surface and subsurface samples were used in the sorption and degrada- tion studies; intact soil columns (30 cm long and 10 cm diam.) were and trivalent cations (Pusino et al., 1991; Pusino et al., used in the mobility study. Batch sorption isotherms were nonlinear 1993) that may be sorbed or precipitated. Complex for- (Freundlich model) and sorption paralleled organic C (OC) content. mation and subsequent sorption may partially account All tillage by depth combinations of soil exhibited a time-dependent for increased acifluorfen sorption with decreasing soil approach to sorption equilibrium that was well described by a two- pH or increasing cation exchange capacity (Pusino et site equilibrium±kinetic model. -
R Graphics Output
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate ( 0.339 ) Melengestrol acetate ( 0.282 ) 17beta−Trenbolone ( 0.252 ) 17alpha−Estradiol ( 0.24 ) 17alpha−Hydroxyprogesterone ( 0.238 ) Triamcinolone ( 0.233 ) Zearalenone ( 0.216 ) CP−634384 ( 0.21 ) 17alpha−Ethinylestradiol ( 0.203 ) Raloxifene hydrochloride ( 0.203 ) Volinanserin ( 0.2 ) Tiratricol ( 0.197 ) trans−Retinoic acid ( 0.192 ) Chlorpromazine hydrochloride ( 0.191 ) PharmaGSID_47315 ( 0.185 ) Apigenin ( 0.183 ) Diethylstilbestrol ( 0.178 ) 4−Dodecylphenol ( 0.161 ) 2,2',6,6'−Tetrachlorobisphenol A ( 0.156 ) o,p'−DDD ( 0.155 ) Progesterone ( 0.152 ) 4−Hydroxytamoxifen ( 0.151 ) SSR150106 ( 0.149 ) Equilin ( 0.3 ) 3,5,3'−Triiodothyronine ( 0.256 ) 17−Methyltestosterone ( 0.242 ) 17beta−Estradiol ( 0.24 ) 5alpha−Dihydrotestosterone ( 0.235 ) Mifepristone ( 0.218 ) Norethindrone ( 0.214 ) Spironolactone ( 0.204 ) Farglitazar ( 0.203 ) Testosterone propionate ( 0.202 ) meso−Hexestrol ( 0.199 ) Mestranol ( 0.196 ) Estriol ( 0.191 ) 2,2',4,4'−Tetrahydroxybenzophenone ( 0.185 ) 3,3,5,5−Tetraiodothyroacetic acid ( 0.183 ) Norgestrel ( 0.181 ) Cyproterone acetate ( 0.164 ) GSK232420A ( 0.161 ) N−Dodecanoyl−N−methylglycine ( 0.155 ) Pentachloroanisole ( 0.154 ) HPTE ( 0.151 ) Biochanin A ( 0.15 ) Dehydroepiandrosterone ( 0.149 ) PharmaCode_333941 ( 0.148 ) Prednisone ( 0.146 ) Nordihydroguaiaretic acid ( 0.145 ) p,p'−DDD ( 0.144 ) Diphenhydramine hydrochloride ( 0.142 ) Forskolin ( 0.141 ) Perfluorooctanoic acid ( 0.14 ) Oleyl sarcosine ( 0.139 ) Cyclohexylphenylketone ( 0.138 ) Pirinixic acid ( 0.137 ) -
Ecological Risk Assessment for Saflufenacil
TEXT SEARCHABLE DCOUMENT 2011 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF CEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION PC Code: 118203 DP Barcode: 380638 and 381293 Thursday, April 07, 2011 MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: Ecological Risk Assessment for Saflufenacil Section 3 New Chemical Uses as a harvest aid on dry edible beans, dry peas, soybean, oilseeds "sunflower subgroup 20B", oilseeds "cotton subgroup 20C", and oilseeds canola "subgroup 20A". TO: Kathryn Montague, M.S., Product Manager 23 Herbicide Branch Registration Division (RD) (7505P) FROM: ~ Mohammed Ruhman, Ph.D., Agronomist 2 :4- . ""=- ........ 04!tJt! (I neith Sappington, Senior Biologist/Science Adviso~.... Vd- Environmental Risk Branch V O'f/ .../ II Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) THROUGH: Mah Shamim, Ph.D., Branch Chief Environmental Risk Branch VI Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) This ecological risk assessment for saflufenacil new uses is relying on the attached previous assessment (Attachment 1). As shown in the usage summary (Table 1), the single and seasonal rate, for all the crops range from 0.045 to 0.089 lbs a.i/A are within the range application rates used in exposure modeling for the 2009 Section 3 New Chemical Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment (DP Barcode 349855). Therefore, risk findings determined for the 2009 assessment may be used in the assessment for this submittal. Specifically, the 2009 assessment found no chronic risks to avian and mammalian species at an agricultural use rate 0 0.134 lb a.i.lA. Acute risks were not determined for birds and mammals since saflufenacil was not acutely toxic at the highest doses tested. -
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SAMPLING PLAN for Contaminants with a Vermont Health Advisory – May 2020
PROPOSED PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SAMPLING PLAN For Contaminants with a Vermont Health Advisory – May 2020 Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation Drinking Water & Groundwater Protection Division A Plan to Sample for Chemicals with a Vermont Health Advisory As required by Act 21 (2019), Section 10(b), the Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources, on or before January 1, 2020, must publish for public review and comment a plan to collect data for contaminants in drinking water from public community water systems and all non-transient non-community water systems, for which a health advisory has been established, but no Maximum Contaminant Level has been adopted. These health advisories are referred to as Vermont Health Advisories (VHAs) in this document. 1 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………..Page 3 II. Background ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 4 III. Determining the VHA contaminants for sampling at public water systems ………..Page 6 IV. Sampling Considerations …..…………………………………………………………………………….. Page 10 V. Proposed Sampling Plan ………………………………………………………………………….………..Page 12 Attachments Table 1 Complete List of Vermont Health Advisories (VHAs) …………………………………………..Page 13 Table 2 Proposed List of VHAs with Potential Concern ……………………………………………………Page 18 2 | P a g e I. Executive Summary The Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources was tasked with developing a sampling plan for public review, for certain drinking water contaminants that have an established health advisory, also known as the Vermont Health Advisory (VHA) but have no Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). This Sampling Plan (Plan) is targeted to public community and public non- transient non-community water systems. To provide context for public water system regulation, and standards that apply, a discussion of how VHAs and MCLs are determined is given. -
INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401 -
Butafenacil – a New Complimentary Premix Partner for Triasulfuron Or Glyphosate for the Enhanced Knockdown and Residual Contro
Thirteenth Australian Weeds Conference Butafenacil – a new complimentary premix partner for triasulfuron or glyphosate for the enhanced knockdown and residual control of weeds in broadacre cropping situations Brett A. Davies Syngenta Crop Protection Pty. Ltd., 140–150 Bungaree Road, PO Box 249, Pendle Hill, New South Wales 2145, Australia Summary Butafenacil is a new pyrimidindione her- symptoms, however, are already observed within a few bicide released in Australia during the 2002 season hours after treatment. as a complementary component of two new products Trial work with butafenacil has been ongoing in – Logran® B-Power™ (a premix of triasulfuron and Australia since the mid 1990s. Over 100 trials have butafenacil), for the pre-emergent control of grass been conducted to investigate the complimentary activ- and broadleaf weeds in wheat, and Touchdown® B- ity of butafenacil in mixtures with either glyphosate or Power™ (a premix of glyphosate and butafenacil), for triasulfuron for pre-plant weed knockdown and in-crop the knockdown control of grass and broadleaf weeds residual weed. prior to the sowing of cereals crops. This paper provides a summary of the spectrum Effi cacy trials conducted throughout the major of activity on weeds of both Touchdown B-Power (a grain growing regions of Australia since the late premix of 5 g a.i. kg-1 of butafenacil, and 225 g a.i. 1990s have highlighted the enhanced knockdown kg-1 of glyphosate present as the isopropylamine salt control of Touchdown B-Power at rates ranging from as a suspension concentrate formulation) and Logran 184–636 g a.i. ha-1 of a wide range of both grass and B-Power (a premix of 200 g a.i. -
Butafenacil: a Positive Control for Identifying Anemia- and Variegate
Toxicology Reports 2 (2015) 976–983 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicology Reports j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxrep Butafenacil: A positive control for identifying anemia- and variegate porphyria-inducing chemicals ∗ Jessica K. Leet, Rachel A. Hipszer, David C. Volz Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Butafenacil is an herbicide that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX), an enzyme that catalyzes Received 20 April 2015 oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX during chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis. Received in revised form 3 June 2015 Based on a high-content screen, we previously identified butafenacil as a potent inducer of anemia in Accepted 6 July 2015 zebrafish embryos. Therefore, the objective of this study was to begin investigating the utility of butafe- Available online 13 July 2015 nacil as a positive control for identifying anemia- and variegate porphyria-inducing chemicals. Static exposure to butafenacil from 5 to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf) in glass beakers resulted in a concentration- Keywords: dependent decrease in arterial circulation at low micromolar concentrations. At 72 hpf, the magnitude Butafenacil Zebrafish of butafenacil-induced anemia was similar when embryos were exposed in the presence or absence of Anemia light, whereas protoporphyrin accumulation and acute toxicity were significantly lower or absent when Porphyria embryos were exposed under dark conditions. To identify sensitive developmental windows, we treated Drug development embryos to butafenacil from 5, 10, 24, or 48 hpf to 72 hpf in the presence of light, and found that ane- mia and protoporphyrin accumulation were present at 72 hpf following initiation of exposure at 5 and 10 hpf. -
Weed Control Guide for Ohio, Indiana and Illinois
Pub# WS16 / Bulletin 789 / IL15 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Tables Table 1. Weed Response to “Burndown” Herbicides .............................................................................................19 Table 2. Application Intervals for Early Preplant Herbicides ............................................................................... 20 Table 3. Weed Response to Preplant/Preemergence Herbicides in Corn—Grasses ....................................30 WEED Table 4. Weed Response to Preplant/Preemergence Herbicides in Corn—Broadleaf Weeds ....................31 Table 5. Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn—Grasses ...................................................32 Table 6. Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn—Broadleaf Weeds ..................................33 2015 CONTROL Table 7. Grazing and Forage (Silage, Hay, etc.) Intervals for Herbicide-Treated Corn ................................. 66 OHIO, INDIANA Table 8. Rainfast Intervals, Spray Additives, and Maximum Crop Size for Postemergence Corn Herbicides .........................................................................................................................................................68 AND ILLINOIS Table 9. Herbicides Labeled for Use on Field Corn, Seed Corn, Popcorn, and Sweet Corn ..................... 69 GUIDE Table 10. Herbicide and Soil Insecticide Use Precautions ......................................................................................71 Table 11. Weed Response to Herbicides in Popcorn and Sweet Corn—Grasses -
Reregistration of Sodium Acifluorfen (PC Code 114402 / Company: 007969 BASF Corporation) for Uses on Soybeans, Peanuts and Rice (D252561)
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS DIVISION OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS June 8, 2000 SUBJECT: Reregistration of sodium acifluorfen (PC Code 114402 / Company: 007969 BASF Corporation) for uses on soybeans, peanuts and rice (D252561). FROM: James J. Goodyear, Ph.D. Biologist (7507C) James Wolf, Ph.D. Environmental Scientist Environmental Risk Branch III/EFED THRU: Daniel Rieder, Branch Chief (7507C) Environmental Risk Branch III/EFED TO: Betty Shackleford: Branch Chief (7508C) Christina Scheltema: Chemical Review Manager Reregistration Branch III/SRRD SUMMARY Attached is EFED’s ecological risk assessment and drinking water assessment for sodium acifluorfen. The present review considers: peanuts, soybeans and rice. Lawn uses are for spot treatment and are considered a minimal risk. In addition to being a registered herbicide, acifluorfen is also the primary degradate of the herbicide lactofen (Chemical Code 128888). Acifluorfen accounted for approximately 52 percent of the applied lactofen in an aerobic metabolism soil study. Sodium acifluorfen and lactofen also both share the common degradate amino acifluorfen. This memo highlights EFED’s concerns and provides suggestions for product labeling. It also identifies data requirements to reduce uncertainties in the assessment. DATA REQUIREMENTS Environmental Fate Data Requirements: Even though all guideline data requirements have been fulfilled, the characterization of the environmental fate of acifluorfen and the other degradates may not be as straight forward as would be indicated by the basic fate properties (e.g., half-life and Koc). Thus, our ability to predict the fate or concentrations of acifluorfen in soil or water has considerable uncertainty. Additional studies are needed to better define the variability of the persistence and mobility of acifluorfen, amino acifluorfen, and desnitroacifluorfen and what site factors may be able to better predict behavior of the acifluorfen residues in the environment. -
List of Herbicide Groups
List of herbicides Group Scientific name Trade name clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*, Hoegrass®), fenoxaprop (Cheetah® Gold* , Wildcat®), A Aryloxyphenoxypropionates fluazifop (Fusilade®, Fusion®*), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) butroxydim (Falcon®, Fusion®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim A Cyclohexanediones (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) A Phenylpyrazoles pinoxaden (Axial®) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, B Sulfonylureas Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron, (Logran®, Logran® B Power®*), tribenuron (Express®), trifloxysulfuron (Envoke®, Krismat®*) florasulam (Paradigm®*, Vortex®*, X-Pand®*), flumetsulam B Triazolopyrimidines (Broadstrike®), metosulam (Eclipse®), pyroxsulam (Crusader®Rexade®*) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®,), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, B Imidazolinones Lightning®*, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) B Pyrimidinylthiobenzoates bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) C Amides: propanil (Stam®) C Benzothiadiazinones: bentazone (Basagran®,