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The Genus Leptoconops Skuse (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Early Cretaceous Charentese Amber

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The Genus Leptoconops Skuse (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Early Cretaceous Charentese Amber See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221760949 The oldest psyllipsocid booklice, in Lower Cretaceous amber from Lebanon (Psocodea,Trogiomorpha, Psocathropetae, Psyllipsocidae) Article in ZooKeys · September 2011 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.130.1430 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 11 3,318 2 authors: Dany Azar Andre Nel Lebanese University Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 340 PUBLICATIONS 3,687 CITATIONS 918 PUBLICATIONS 11,999 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Access to (FLOW database), Biology (etho-ecology), Classification (taxonomy), Disparity (morphology) and Evolution (phylogeny, fossils & biogeography) of Fulgoromorpha View project Fossil Hexapoda from the Paleocene of Menat (France) View project All content following this page was uploaded by Dany Azar on 20 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The genus Leptoconops Skuse (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Early Cretaceous Charentese amber Joanna Choufani, Dany Azar, Vincent Perrichot, Carmen Soriano, Paul Tafforeau & André Nel Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments ISSN 1867-1594 Palaeobio Palaeoenv DOI 10.1007/s12549-011-0057-1 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Senckenberg, Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Palaeobio Palaeoenv DOI 10.1007/s12549-011-0057-1 ORIGINAL PAPER The genus Leptoconops Skuse (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Early Cretaceous Charentese amber Joanna Choufani & Dany Azar & Vincent Perrichot & Carmen Soriano & Paul Tafforeau & André Nel Received: 23 May 2011 /Revised: 14 July 2011 /Accepted: 21 July 2011 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer 2011 Abstract A new species of biting midge is described and group of subgenera [Holoconops Kieffer (Ann Hist-Nat figured based on five females from the uppermost Albian Mus Natl Hung 16:31–136, 1918)+(Megaconops Wirth and amber of France. One specimen preserved in opaque amber Atchley+Leptoconops s. str. + Proleptoconops Clastrier was reconstructed by propagation phase contrast X-ray (Parassitologia 16:231–238, 1974))], making inference on its synchrotron microtomography, allowing for detailed obser- palaeoecology possible, with larvae of this clade living in vation of minute external features. Leptoconops daugeroni moist and usually saline sandy soil on coastal and inland Choufani, Azar and Nel, sp. nov. can be attributed to the beaches, which is congruent with the current reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment of this amber deposit. J. Choufani : A. Nel CNRS UMR 7205, CP 50, Entomologie, Muséum National Keywords Insecta . Leptoconops . Synchrotron imaging . ’ d Histoire Naturelle, French amber. Cretaceous . Palaeoecology 5 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France J. Choufani e-mail: [email protected] Introduction A. Nel e-mail: [email protected] Ceratopogonidae, or biting midges, have their earliest record in the Early Cretaceous (Neocomian, 130–120 Ma) D. Azar amber of Lebanon, but the high diversity already reported Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese from this material, viz. 24 species in eight genera as listed University, FanarP.O. Box 26110217Fanar - Matn, Lebanon in the world catalogue of Borkent and Wirth (1997), with its updated online version by Borkent (2011), suggests an D. Azar e-mail: [email protected] earlier origin of the family in the earliest Cretaceous or even the Late Jurassic. Simulidium priscum Westwood V. Perrichot (*) 1854, from the Late Jurassic Purbeck Formation CNRS UMR 6118 Géosciences, Université de Rennes 1, Campus (−150 Ma) of England, was suggested by Grogan and de Beaulieu bât. 15, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, Szadziewski (1988) to be a species of Leptoconops Skuse 35042, Rennes cedex, France 1889 but is actually a brachyceran, not a ceratopogonid e-mail: [email protected] (Borkent 1995). Based on the antiquity of Lebanese amber, one could expect to find only extinct genera; however, C. Soriano : P. Tafforeau European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Leptoconops (subgenus Palaeoconops Borkent 2001) and 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble cedex, France Austroconops Wirth and Lee 1958 are also present and C. Soriano diversified, making Leptoconops+Austroconops the earliest e-mail: [email protected] extant lineage of biting midges. The biology, distribution, P. Tafforeau and fossil record of Leptoconops were discussed mostly by e-mail: [email protected] Wirth and Atchley (1973) and Borkent (1995, 2000). The Author's personal copy Palaeobio Palaeoenv genus now comprises 150 extant species mostly distributed to generate all the 3D renderings. All the synchrotron in intertropical or subtropical regions throughout the world, microtomographic data (original stacks of slices, segmen- and 15 extinct species ranging from the Early Cretaceous to tation, animations, and pictures) are available at the ESRF the Late Eocene (from Borkent's 2011 online catalogue). paleontological online database (http://paleo.esrf.eu), and Here, we report the discovery of a new species of 3D models in ABS plastic are deposited with the paratype Leptoconops from the mid-Cretaceous Charentese amber, and other specimens in University of Rennes 1, in the in the Aquitaine Basin. Although Ceratopogonidae are MNHN amber collection (Division of Paleontology), and at abundant in French Cretaceous amber deposits (Perrichot et the ESRF. al. 2007), only three species have yet been formally described (Atriculoides cenomanensis Szadziewski and Schlüter 1992; A. incompletus Szadziewski and Schlüter Systematic palaeontology 1992; Austroconops borkenti Szadziewski and Schlüter 1992) and a poorly preserved, unnamed Leptoconops Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758 reported (Schlüter 1978: Ceratopogonidae species D; Family Ceratopogonidae Newman, 1834 Szadziewski and Schlüter 1992: Leptoconops sp. indet.) Subfamily Leptoconopinae Noè, 1907 from Cenomanian amber of the Paris Basin. Genus Leptoconops Skuse, 1889 Leptoconops daugeroni Choufani, Azar and Nel, sp. nov. Materials and methods Ty p e s p e c i e s : Holotype IGR.ARC-182.3 (a female in The new species is based on five specimens preserved in hyaline amber), paratypes IGR.ARC-182.2, IGR.ARC- amber from the Font-de-Benon quarry between the villages 237.10, IGR.ARC-333.1 (three females in hyaline amber), of Archingeay and Les Nouillers, in Charente-Maritime, and IGR.ARC-392.1 (scan ESRF A-020_d; a female in south-western France. Two amber-bearing strata are found opaque amber); in amber collection of the Department of in this quarry, the older of which (stratigraphic level A1sl- Geosciences of the University Rennes 1, France. The A) provided the pieces considered here and is dated to latest plastic cast of the paratype IGR.ARC-392.1 which is stored Albian (Néraudeau et al. 2002). Details on the age, in the collection of the Laboratoire de Paléontologie, geological settings, and palaeobiota of this deposit are Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, was assigned reviewed in Perrichot et al. (2010). the reference MNHN.F.A39479. The holotype and three paratypes are preserved in Type locality: Font-de-Benon quarry, 1 km East of relatively hyaline amber and were studied using a stereo- Archingeay, Charente-Maritime, France. microscope under transmitted and reflected light. A fourth Stratigraphic horizon: Cretaceous, uppermost Albian, paratype was first detected during a large survey of opaque amber level A1sl-A sensu Perrichot et al. (2010). Charentese amber using propagation phase contrast X-ray Etymology: Named after our friend and colleague Dr. synchrotron microradiography, and then three- Christophe Daugeron, dipterist at the MNHN, Paris. dimensionally imaged using microtomography (PPC- Diagnosis: Female with 12 flagellomeres; flagellomeres SRμCT), following the protocol detailed by Lak et al. 2–11 spherical; terminal flagellomere moderately elongate, (2008). These two experiments were performed on the 3.44.5× as long as flagellomere 11; lamellar cerci elongate, Beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation with two long apical setae; tarsal claws strongly curved Facility (ESRF) at Grenoble, France. The specimen was basally, with thick, well-developed inner tooth; ratio length of scanned in two parts using an isotropic voxel size of body/length of wing: 2.35. 1.4 μm. The beam was monochromatized using a multi- Note: The specimen IGR.ARC-392.1 reconstructed by layer (Ru/B4C) monochromator set at 30 keV. The microtomography is best for detailed examination of all propagation distance used to obtain well-adapted phase structures except for pilosity which could not be recon- contrast was set at 300 mm. The size of the amber block structed. It is thus treated below as the paratype 1 (p1) and being far larger than the tomographic field of view, we used the specimen with the best visible pilosity, i.e. IGR.ARC- local microtomography with 1,500 projections of 0.3 s each 182.3, is treated as the holotype. Other specimens
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