The Book of Judith
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A New English Translation of the Septuagint. 07 Judges
07-Jdg-NETS-4.qxd 11/10/2009 10:21 PM Page 195 JUDGES TO THE READER EDITION OF GREEK TEXT To date there is no fully critical edition of LXX Judges. The Göttingen edition has not yet appeared, and the edition of Brooke and Maclean is a “diplomatic” edition in which the main text is basically that of Codex Vaticanus (B). The NETS translation of Judges, therefore, is based on A. Rahlfs, Septuaginta. Id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes, 2 vols.(Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1935). In Judges Rahlfs based his edition on the readings of about twenty manuscripts. He identified two main textual traditions, which he believed were so diverse that they amounted to separate recensions (editions) of the book. He printed these as separate texts, designated A and B. NETS Judges, accordingly, offers a translation of both the A and the B texts. Rahlfs based his A text upon Codex Alexandrinus (A) and two groups of manuscripts representing the recensions of the LXX associated, respectively, with Origen (c. 185–253 CE) and Lucian (c. 250–312 CE). His B text was based upon Codex Vaticanus (B). OVERVIEW OF THE TEXT(S) OF JUDGES Subsequent scholarship has refined Rahlfs’ classifications. The manuscripts which are seen as witnesses to an A-type of text are now divided into three groups, AI, AII and AIII, of which AI corresponds fairly closely to Rahlfs’ “Origenic” manuscripts, and AII to his “Lucianic” manuscripts. Similarly, the B-type of text is now held to be represented by two related but distinct manuscript groups. -
Early Jewish Writings
EARLY JEWISH WRITINGS Press SBL T HE BIBLE AND WOMEN A n Encyclopaedia of Exegesis and Cultural History Edited by Christiana de Groot, Irmtraud Fischer, Mercedes Navarro Puerto, and Adriana Valerio Volume 3.1: Early Jewish Writings Press SBL EARLY JEWISH WRITINGS Edited by Eileen Schuller and Marie-Theres Wacker Press SBL Atlanta Copyright © 2017 by SBL Press A ll rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office,S BL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Schuller, Eileen M., 1946- editor. | Wacker, Marie-Theres, editor. Title: Early Jewish writings / edited by Eileen Schuller and Marie-Theres Wacker. Description: Atlanta : SBL Press, [2017] | Series: The Bible and women Number 3.1 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed. Identifiers:L CCN 2017019564 (print) | LCCN 2017020850 (ebook) | ISBN 9780884142324 (ebook) | ISBN 9781628371833 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780884142331 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Bible. Old Testament—Feminist criticism. | Women in the Bible. | Women in rabbinical literature. Classification: LCC BS521.4 (ebook) | LCC BS521.4 .E27 2017 (print) | DDC 296.1082— dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017019564 Press Printed on acid-free paper. -
Poorhouse Admissions 1800-1858
Poorhouse Admissions 1800-1858 Last Name First Name Age Race Place of Residence Action taken by Directors Date Notes Bk/Pg Absolom 50 Black Dismissed or discharged 09/30/1802 1/7 Amelia Negro Chester County Poor H 05/11/1818 mother Ruth 1/116 Ann Black New Garden 12/25/1805 1/19 Anthony 3 Black 06/28/1807 1/24 Anthony Black Died in poor house or deceased 11/15/1808 error 1/29 Anthony 3 Black Died in poor house or deceased 1807 1/26 Bess 21 Negro Uwchlan Dismissed or discharged 04/27/1801 1/5 Betsy Black Bound, apprenticed, by a master 1814 M Isaac Pennock 1/76 Betty 3 Negro 08/15/1803 1/7 Betty 4 Negro Bound, apprenticed, by a master 1804 M James Andrews, UOxf 1/12 Bill Black Downingtown Supported in the poor house 11/04/1843 4/23 Bristo 103 Negro West Nantmeal Aided or assisted out of the poor house 12/22/1818 1/119 Bristo 103 Negro Aided or assisted out of the poor house 1820 1/132 Bristoe 103 Negro Aided or assisted out of the poor house 1819 in WNtm 1/120 Bristoe Negro Aided or assisted out of the poor house 1821 1/147 Bristoe Negro Aided or assisted out of the poor house 1822 1/166 Bristoe 100 Negro West Nantmeal Aided or assisted out of the poor house 1823 1/183 Charity 4m Black Kennett 12/10/1818 1/118 Charity 4m Black Died in poor house or deceased 1819 1/123 child Child Colored Pennsbury An order to bring in 11/05/1853 4/234 child Child Colored Dismissed or discharged 12/01/1853 taken out by her father 4/235 Cudjo 75 Negro East Nantmeal 01/14/1820 slave 1/139 Cudjo 100 Negro West Whiteland 12/28/1808 1/33 Cudjo 101 Negro Died -
THE LXX TRANSLATION of ESTHER a Paraphrastic Translation of MT Or a Free Translation of a Rewritten Version?
THE LXX TRANSLATION OF ESTHER A Paraphrastic Translation of MT or a Free Translation of a Rewritten Version? Emanuel Tov It can be said that the Septuagint version of Esther (Esth-LXX) has been the stepchild of LXX research over the past half century. While several monographs, some of them book-length, have been devoted to the ‘other’ Greek version, invariably named ‘Lucianic’,1 ‘A’, ‘alpha’ Text, or AT,2 little attention has been paid to the main Greek version. To the best of my knowledge, the text-critical value of this translation has not been studied in depth.3 The present paper is limited to brief 1 This version is contained in manuscripts that in other books contain the ‘Lucianic’ revision, but has little to do with that tradition, see R. Hanhart, Esther, Septuaginta, Vetus Testamentum graecum etc., VIII, 3, Göttingen 19832, 87–95. 2 In chronological sequence: C.A. Moore, ‘A Greek Witness to a Different Hebrew Text of Esther’, ZAW 79 (1967), 351–8; H.J. Cook, ‘The A Text of the Greek Versions of the Book of Esther’, ZAW 81 (1969), 369–76; E. Tov, ‘The ‘Lucianic’ Text of the Canonical and the Apocryphal Sections of Esther: A Rewritten Biblical Book’, Textus 10 (1982), 1–25, Revised version: The Greek and Hebrew Bible—Collected Essays on the Septuagint (VTSup 72), Leiden/etc. 1999, 535–48; D.J.A. Clines, The Esther Scroll—The Story of the Story ( JSOTSup 30), Sheffi eld 1984; J.-C. Haelewyck, ‘Le texte dit ‘Lucianique’ du livre d’Esther: Son étendue et sa coherence’, Le Muséon 98 (1985), 53–95; M.V. -
The Biblical Canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church
Anke Wanger THE-733 1 Student Name: ANKE WANGER Student Country: ETHIOPIA Program: MTH Course Code or Name: THE-733 This paper uses [x] US or [ ] UK standards for spelling and punctuation The Biblical Canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church 1) Introduction The topic of Biblical canon formation is a wide one, and has received increased attention in the last few decades, as many ancient manuscripts have been discovered, such as the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the question arose as to whether the composition of the current Biblical canon(s) should be re-evaluated based on these and other findings. Not that the question had actually been settled before, as can be observed from the various Church councils throughout the last two thousand years with their decisions, and the fact that different Christian denominations often have very different books included in their Biblical Canons. Even Churches who are in communion with each other disagree over the question of which books belong in the Holy Bible. One Church which occupies a unique position in this regard is the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church. Currently, it is the only Church whose Bible is comprised of Anke Wanger THE-733 2 81 Books in total, 46 in the Old Testament, and 35 in the New Testament.1 It is also the biggest Bible, according to the number of books: Protestant Bibles usually contain 66 books, Roman Catholic Bibles 73, and Eastern Orthodox Bibles have around 76 books, sometimes more, sometimes less, depending on their belonging to the Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, or Georgian -
THE PRAYER of MANASSES (Manasseh)
THE PRAYER OF MANASSES (Manasseh) O Lord Almighty God of our fathers; Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; and of their righteous seed. Who has made the heaven and earth, with all the ornament thereof. Who has bound the sea by the word of thy commandment. Who has shut up the deep, and sealed it by thy terrible and glorious name. Whom all men fear, and tremble before thy power. For the majesty of thy glory cannot be borne, and thine angry threatening toward sinners is importable. But thy merciful promise is un-measurable and un-searchable. For thou are the Most High Lord, of great compassion, long-suffering, very merciful; and repents the evils of men. Thou, O Lord, according to thy great goodness has promised repentance and forgiveness to them that have sinned against thee. And of thine infinite mercies has appointed repentance unto sinners, that they may be saved. Thou therefore, O Lord, that are the God of the just, has not appointed repentance to the just, as to Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, which have not sinned against thee. But thou has appointed repentance unto me that am a sinner. For I have sinned above the number of the sands of the sea. My transgressions, O Lord, are multiplied. My transgressions are multiplied, and I am not worthy to behold and see the height of heaven for the multitude of mine iniquities. I am bowed down with many iron bands; that I cannot lift up mine head, neither have any release. For I have provoked thy wrath, and done evil before thee. -
JUDITH 1) 1:1 – an Historical Romance, Clearly Fictional. Written in the Time
JUDITH 1) 1:1 – An historical romance, clearly fictional. Written in the time of the Maccabees, 150 BC, after the Seleucid persecution had eased and nationalistic fever was high. Set in Nineveh in 594 BC, when Zedekiah was on the shaky throne of Judah. See 4:6 which identifies the date of the story at the time of High Priest Joakim, so the Book of Judith would be between the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. /// String of anachronisms: Assyria of the 7th century BC was under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar of 6th century, sends an army under General Holophernes of the 4th century to attack a re-established Judea of the 5th century. /// Jerome thought of the book as an allegory depicting the way the Church gets the better of the devil. Martin Luther thought it a holy parable describing how the Jews triumphed over their enemies through divine intervention. Others consider it a passion play. 2) 1:5-6 -- Ragau is Rages in Tobit 4. Hydaspes is the Jhelam River, which forms the border between Persia and the Punjab in India 3) 2:4 – The only historical general of the name of Holophernes was in command of Persian troops in 346 BC, that ruled Egypt under Artaxerxes III, 250 years after Judith's story. 4) 4:6 – Joakim was the son of the Jeshua who with Zerubbabel rebuilt the Temple. (Neh 12:10) /// Bethulia does not and never did exist in Judea. It may represent Thermopylae: Xerxes is Nebuchadnezzar, Greece is Judea, Holophernes is Mardonius, the mountain pass is where the forces of Persia are defeated by a tiny army of Greeks. -
The Books of the Bible and Abbreviations
Grade 5, Chapter 2 The Books of the Bible and Abbreviations The Old Testament The Torah or Pentateuch The Book of Joshua (Jos) The Book of Proverbs (Prv) The Books of Genesis (Gn) The Book of Judges (Jgs) The Book of Ecclesiastes (Eccl) The Book of Exodus (Ex) The Book of Ruth (Ru) The Song of Songs (Sng) The Book of Leviticus (Lv) The Wisdom Books The Book of Wisdom (Wis) The Book of Numbers (Nm) The Book of Job (Jb) The Book of Sirach (Sir) The Book of Deuteronomy (Dt) The Book of Psalms (Ps) The Prophetic Books The Historical Books The Book of Esther (Est) The Book of Amos (Am) The First Book of Samuel (1 Sm) The First Book of Maccabees (1 Mc) The Book of Obadiah (Ob) The Second Book of Samuel (2 Sm) The Second Book of Maccabees (2 Mc) The Book of Jonah (Jon) The First Book of Kings (1 Kgs) The Book of Isaiah (Is) The Book of Micah (Mi) The Second Book of Kings (2 Kgs) The Book of Jeremiah (Jer) The Book of Nahum (Na) The First Book of Chronicles (1 Chr) The Book of Lamentations (Lam) The Book of Habakkuk (Hb) The Second Book of Chronicles (2 Chr) The Book of Baruch (Bar) The Book of Zephaniah (Zep) The Book of Ezra (Ezr) The Book of Ezekiel (Ez) The Book of Haggai (Hg) The Book of Nehemiah (Neh) The Book of Daniel (Dn) The Book of Zechariah (Zec) The Book of Tobit (Tb) The Book of Hosea (Hos) The Book of Malachi (Mal) The Book of Judith (Jdt) The Book of Joel (Jl) The New Testament The Gospels The Gospel according to Matthew (Mt) The Letter to the Galatians (Gal) The Letter to Titus (Ti) The Gospel according to Mark (Mk) The Letter -
Xeravits, Géza G. "Abraham in the Old Testament Apocrypha." Abraham in Jewish and Early Christian Literature
Xeravits, Géza G. "Abraham in the Old Testament Apocrypha." Abraham in Jewish and Early Christian Literature. Ed. Sean A. Adams and Zanne Domoney-Lyttle. London: T&T Clark, 2019. 29–40. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 28 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567675545.ch-002>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 28 September 2021, 22:19 UTC. Copyright © Sean A. Adams, Zanne Domoney-Lyttle and contributors 2019. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. C h a p t e r 2 A BRAHAM IN THE O LD T ESTAMENT A POCRYPHA * G é z a G . X e r a v i t s Th e patriarch Abraham is one of the most pre- eminent fi gures of the Old Testament. Th e “fi rst Jew,” benefi ciary of God’s promises and covenant is an exciting personality already according to the primary epical source where he fi rst appears (Genesis). It is no wonder that later biblical texts and the authors of the literature of early Judaism were heavily interested in Abraham, and developed a rich tradition around him.1 Th is contribution intends to explore texts that belong to a rather artifi cial category, the Deuterocanonical books or the Old Testament Apocrypha. Th ese late Second Temple period writings do not appear in the Hebrew Bible, but found their way into the Septuagint and its parent versions.2 Th e evidence might be categorized into four distinct groups. -
Reconsidering the Roman Catholic Apocrypha Alex Andersen Southeastern University - Lakeland, [email protected]
Southeastern University FireScholars Classical Conversations Spring 2019 Reconsidering the Roman Catholic Apocrypha Alex Andersen Southeastern University - Lakeland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://firescholars.seu.edu/ccplus Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Andersen, Alex, "Reconsidering the Roman Catholic Apocrypha" (2019). Classical Conversations. 3. https://firescholars.seu.edu/ccplus/3 This Term Paper is brought to you for free and open access by FireScholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Classical Conversations by an authorized administrator of FireScholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Southeastern University Reconsidering the Roman Catholic Apocrypha Alex Andersen English 1233 Professor Grace Veach April 12, 2019 Andersen 1 Abstract For centuries, Protestants have debated with Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians over the canonicity of the Roman Catholic Apocrypha, a collection of seven books and two additions to books composed from the third century B.C. to the first century A.D. and considered to be canonical by all major non-Protestant Christian denominations. This thesis plunges into this discussion on the Roman Catholic Apocrypha’s canonicity, contending that the Roman Catholic Apocrypha is noncanonical. First, this thesis propounds two broad models for canonicity, the Community Canon Model and the Intrinsic Canon Model, and maintains that the Intrinsic Canon Model is a better model for canonicity than the Community Canon Model. It then explains that many books in the Roman Catholic Apocrypha do not fit the Intrinsic Canon Model’s criteria for canonicity. Next, an argument is made that the Jews had fixed the Hebrew canon during the lifetimes of Jesus and the apostles and that this Hebrew canon excluded the Roman Catholic Apocrypha. -
ESTHER and JUDITH: CONTRASTS in CHARACTER Sidnie White Crawford
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Sidnie White Crawford Publications Classics and Religious Studies 2003 ESTHER AND JUDITH: CONTRASTS IN CHARACTER Sidnie White Crawford Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/crawfordpubs This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classics and Religious Studies at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sidnie White Crawford Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ESTHER AND JUDITH: CONTRASTS IN CHARACTER Sidnie White Crawford The books of Esther and Judith are often paired with one another. For example, in the arrangement of the books of the Septuagint the book of Judith follows Esther. In the comments of Church Fathers such as Clement of Rome, Clement of Alexandria, Athanasius of Alexandria and Augus tine, as well as in modern commentaries, the books of Esther and Judith are often grouped together, compared and contrasted. This pairing occurs even in the world of art, for example in the work of the Renaissance painter Artemesia Gentileschi, who uses both women as subjects. The reason behind this pairing is clear: both are books which take their name from their female heroine, and in both books it is the Jewish heroine who saves her peop Ie from imminent destruction at the hands of the Gentiles by her courage and resourcefulness. The book of Esther is part of the canon of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, in which it is part of the Writings or Ketubim. It tells the story of a young Jewish orphan named Esther and her cousin and guardian Mor decai, who are residents of the Persian capital of Susa. -
The Judith Myth in the Apocrypha and in Van Herk's Novel
Kunapipi Volume 14 Issue 1 Article 16 1992 Subversion or Sub /Version: The Judith Myth in the Apocrypha and in Van Herk's Novel Renate Peters Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Peters, Renate, Subversion or Sub /Version: The Judith Myth in the Apocrypha and in Van Herk's Novel, Kunapipi, 14(1), 1992. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol14/iss1/16 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Subversion or Sub /Version: The Judith Myth in the Apocrypha and in Van Herk's Novel Abstract From the Middle Ages to the present, the story of Judith of the Apocrypha' has fascinated the artistic community. The Book of Judith tells the story of Nebuchadnezzar's general, Holofernes, who lays siege to the Hebrew city of Bethulia, but who is defeated by Judith, whose charms he could not resist. While he lies in a drunken stupor, Judith decapitates him, returns to Bethulia to display his head, and thereby encourages her people to counterattack. Nebuchadnezzar's army is dispersed, and subsequently, Judith becomes a matriarch of Bethulia. This journal article is available in Kunapipi: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol14/iss1/16 T!rt Judith Myth in the Apocryphtl and in van Herk's Novel 81 f 's f RENATE PETERS 1 :l i I i) Subversion or Sub /Version: Ie The Judith Myth in the Apocrypha and in Van Herk's Novel From the Middle Ages to the present, the story of Judith of the Apocrypha' has fascinated the artistic community.