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TheTHE SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY MAGAZINE ■ ISSN 0006-3347Biologist ■ SOCIETYOFBIOLOGY.ORG VOL 61 NO 2 ■ APR/MAY 2014 Our closest kin Why have we done so little to protect the great apes? TOXICOLOGY NEUROSCIENCE INTERVIEW POISON TO POTION GUIDING LIGHT DR ALISON WOOLLARD The medical potential Understanding behaviour On her Royal of arsenic with optogenetics Institution Lectures GENETICS AND GENOMICS IN MEDICINE Tom Strachan, Judith Goodship and Patrick Chinnery, all at Newcastle University, • Covers basicUK genetics relevant to health and disease • Covers basic genetics relevant to health and disease • Ex plainsJune technological 2014 • Paperback advances and • how £46.00 they are significant to medicine • CoversEx- basicplainsJune genetics technological 2014 relevant • Paperback advances to health and and • how £46.00 disease they are significant to medicine • In cludesJune500pp up-to-date 2014 • 270 • knowledge Paperbackillus • ISBN: about • the£46.00978-0-8153-4480-3 role of genetics in complex diseases • ExIn- plainscludes technologicalup-to-date knowledge advances about and how the rolethey of are genetics significant in complex to medicine diseases • Clini cal500pp disorder • boxes270 giveillus detailed • ISBN: insight 978-0-8153-4480-3 into the role of genetics in specific diseases • InClini- cludescalThis500pp disorder new up-to-date textbook • boxes270 knowledge giveillusexplains detailed • ISBN:the about scienceinsight the978-0-8153-4480-3 role intobehind ofthe genetics therole uses of geneticsin of complex genetics in specific diseases diseases • InThis cludes new pharmacogenetics textbook explains and the how science genetic behind knowledge the uses can of be genetics used in therapy and • CliniIn- calcludesand disorder genomics pharmacogenetics boxes in medicine give detailed and today. how insight It genetic is not into just knowledge the about role ofrare can genetics inherited be used in specificin and therapy diseases and diagnoThisand sis genomicsnew textbook in medicine explains today. the science It is not behind just about the uses rare of inherited genetics and •diagno In- cludessischromosomal pharmacogenetics disorders, butand how how genetics genetic knowledge affects the can whole be used spectrum in therapy and • Extenandchromosomal sive genomicsproblems disorders,inand medicine solutions but today. forhow each Itgenetics is chapternot just affects about therare inheritedwhole spectrum and diagno• Exten- sissive problems and solutions for each chapter chromosomalof human health disorders, and disease. but how DNA genetics technologies affects are the explained, whole spectrum with • Exten siveemphasis problems on the and modern solutions techniques for each chapterthat have revolutionized the use of emphasis on the modern techniques that have revolutionized the use of genetic information in medicine and are indicating the role of genetics in emphasisgenetic information on the modern in techniquesmedicine and that are haveindicating revolutionized the role of the genetics use of in common diseases. Other new advances, such as the role of epigenetics geneticcommon information diseases. Other in newmedicine advances, and are such indicating as the role the ofrole epigenetics of genetics in commonand non-coding diseases. RNA Other are givennew advances, in-depth coverage. such as the The role discussion of epigenetics on genetic approaches to treatment includes pharmacogenomics and the prospects for personalized on genetic approaches to treatment includes pharmacogenomics and the prospects for personalized medicine. Cancers are essentially genetic diseases and are given a dedicated chapter that includes new onmedicine. genetic Cancers approaches are essentially to treatment genetic includes diseases pharmacogenomics and are given aand dedicated the prospects chapter for that personalized includes new insights from cancer genome sequencing. The final chapter on genetic testing and ethics also covers medicine.insights from Cancers cancer are genome essentially sequencing. genetic The diseases final chapterand are givenon genetic a dedicated testing chapter and ethics that includesalso covers new important developments in clinical and public health genomics. Clinical disorders are covered throughout insightsimportant from developments cancer genome in clinical sequencing. and public The healthfinal chapter genomics. on geneticClinical disorderstesting areand coveredethics also throug covers hout and there are extensive end-of-chapter questions and problems. importantand there aredevelopments extensive end-of-chapter in clinical and publicquestions health and genomics. problems. Clinical disorders are covered throughout and there are extensive end-of-chapter questions and problems. Contents 1. 2. 1. Fundamentals of DNA, Chromosomes and Cells 2. Fundamentals of Gene Structure, Gene Expression and Human Genome Organization 3. 4. Principles of Genetic 1.and Human Genome Organization 3. Principles Underlying2. Core DNA Technologies 4. Principles of Genetic Variation 5. Single Gene Disorders: Inheritance Patterns, Phenotype Variability and Allele Frequencies andVariation Human 5. SingleGenome Gene Organization Disorders: 3. Inheritance Patterns, Phenotype Variability and4. Allele Principles Frequencies of Genetic 6. Principles of Gene Regulation and Epigenetics 7. Disease-Causing Abnormalities in DNA and Variation6. Principles 5. Single of Gene Gene Regulation Disorders: and Inheritance Epigenetics Patterns, 7. Disease-Causing Phenotype Abnormalities Variability and inAllele DNA Frequenciesand 8. Identifying Disease Genes and Genetic Susceptibility to Common Disease 9. Genetic 6.Chromosomes Principles of 8.Gene Identifying Regulation Disease and EpigeneticsGenes and 7.Genetic Disease-Causing Susceptibility Abnormalities to Common in DiseaseDNA 9.and Genetic Approaches to Treating Disease 10. Cancer Genetics and Genomics 11. Genetic Testing From Genes to Approaches to 8.Treating Identifying Disease Disease 10. Cancer Genes Genetics and Genetic and GenomicsSusceptibility 11. Genetic to Common Testing Disease From 9. Genetic Genes to Genomes and the Ethics of Genetic Testing and Therapy ApproachesGenomes and to the Treating Ethics ofDisease Genetic 10. Cancer Testing Genetics and Therapy and Genomics 11. Genetic Testing From Genes to Genomes and the Ethics of Genetic Testing and Therapy For more information and to order, please visit For more information and to order, please visit www.garlandscience.com/ggm For morewww.garlandscience.com/ggm information and to order, please. visit www.garlandscience.com/ggm Also of Interest: Human Molecular Genetics, Fourth Edition HumanTom Strachan Molecular and Andrew Genetics, ReadFourth Edition Human Molecular Genetics is an established and class-proven textbook Human Molecular Genetics is an established and class-proven textbook Humanfor upper-level Molecular undergraduates Genetics is an and established graduate studentsand class-proven which provides textbook an authoritative and integrated approach to the molecular aspects of human authoritative and integrated approach to the molecular aspects of human genetics. While maintaining the hallmark features of previous editions, authoritativegenetics. While and maintaining integrated theapproach hallmark to thefeatures molecular of previous aspects editions, of human the Fourth Edition has been completely updated. It includes new Key genetics.the Fourth EditionWhile maintaining has been thecompletely hallmark updated. features It ofincludes previous new editions, Key Concepts at the beginning of each chapter and annotated further reading theConcepts Fourth at Edition the beginning has been of completelyeach chapter updated. and annotated It includes further new readingKey Conceptsat the conclusion at the beginning of each chapter, of each tochapter help readers and annotated navigate further the wealth reading of information in this subject. information in this subject. information2010 • Paperback in this • subject.£52.00 2010 • Paperback • £52.00 781pp • 610 illus • ISBN: 978-0-8153-4149-9 2010781pp • •Paperback 610 illus • • ISBN: £52.00 978-0-8153-4149-9 781pp • 610 illus • ISBN: 978-0-8153-4149-9 www.garlandscience.com ThTHE SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY MAGAZINEe ■ ISSN 0006-3347Biologist ■ SOCIETYOFBIOLOGY.ORG VOL 61 NO 2 ■ APR/MAY 2014 Our closest kin Why have we done so little to protect the great apes? TOXICOLOGY NEUROSCIENCE INTERVIEW POISON TO POTION GUIDING LIGHT DR ALISON WOOLLARD Th e medical potential Understanding behaviour On her Royal Contents of arsenic with optogenetics Institution Lectures Volume 61 No 2 April/May 2014 IN THIS ISSUE 9 Opinion: Patently false pobert Andrews on why biologists shouldn’t fear patenting research 12 12 Poor relations Ashley Leiman explores the complex relationship between humans and great apes 18 Great communication Two science communicators rekeal the outreach projects that won them Society awards 22 A very Victorian poison Alan Lansdown looks at the toxicology and surprising medical uses of arsenic 26 Travellers’ tales Tracking the research adkentures of fike biologists awarded a £500 Society trakel grant 30 Dr Alison Woollard The dekelopmental biologist talks to Tom Ireland about her poyal Institution Christmas Lectures 22 18 34 Theory of devolution Catherine Ball on science funding in an independent Scotland 36 Shedding light on the brain Jenni Lacey explains how optogenetics can help us better understand behakiour News 4 Society news 42 Members 45 Branches Regulars 3 Nelson’s column 8 Opinion