Interview No. 414.1
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University of Texas at El Paso ScholarWorks@UTEP Combined Interviews Institute of Oral History 8-5-1976 Interview no. 414.1 Rudolfo Candelaria Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utep.edu/interviews Part of the Oral History Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Interview with Rudolfo Candelaria by Oscar J. Martínez, 1976, "Interview no. 414.1," Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute of Oral History at ScholarWorks@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Combined Interviews by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UI{IVERSITY()F T:XAs AT EL PASS I}ISTITIJTTOF .]RAL iIISTORY iiITEI?VIE:JEE: RodolfoCandelaria (.|904- ) Ii{TEIIVIE1IER: 0scar J- Martinez PRflJTCT: DATECF Ii'!TEfiVIE'I : Auoust 5. 1976 TEP.|,;SCF UST: Unrestri cted TAPI i.tO.: 414A Tp.Al",lscRIPT ilit . : 414A TRAITSCiIIiIER: i]AT[TR'\NSCRI3ED: BiilNNAPiJICALSYI.ISPS IS OF IiiTiRVIE'^![E : .|904. Bornin El Paso,Texas in SU;iiiARY0F II'ITERVIE'i: Biographica'linformat'ion; growing up in Secondlnlard ; sc hool ; Mexicansin govern- ment jobs and politics; the MexicanRevolution; Prohjbition; jobs held; ASARCO; the Depression. LeirgthOf Intervier": I hour Lenothof Transcript: 29 pages Rodolfo0rlando Candelaria August5, 1976 by OscarMartinez M: First, Mr. Candelaria,can you tell mewhen and where you wereborn? C: I wasborn here in El Paso,the l3th day of February,1904, at 907S. Stanton. M: That's in SouthEl Paso. C: That's riqht. weall usedto call it el segundobarrio, Secondward. M: couldyou tell mea little bit aboutyour parents,their background? L: we1l, ny father wasborn in Ysleta, Texas. Mymother was born in La Mesilla, NewMexico; 01d Mesilla. Andthey weremarried in ysjeta, Texas. WhenI grewup and knewmy dad, he wasworking with the police Department.The Police Departmentwas then on 0verlandStreet and Stanton. It wasioined by the Fire Department.The Fire Departmentwas gight on the corner of SouthStanton; next wasthe Police Department,a two-story building. 0n the lowerfloor washis office andChief of Police--I don,t recall his name--andon the secondfloor wasa court, the corporation Court. Andthen there wasan al1ey, and then there wasa Chineselaundry. Myschool days were at st. Mary's. It usedto be on Myrile and Ange street. ThereI went for six grades,as far as all the grammarschool I had. ThenI started working. I usedto work for RamonTelles. I was trying to makemyself an automobilemechanic. I workedthere for a whi1e, and then whenone day he sent meto a machineshop to havea block rebored, fit rings andgrind the bearings,I said, ,,Uh,uh. Myjob is not goingto be a mechanic,I'm goingto be a machinist.,,So I shifted. I started workingin shops. Thefirst shopI workedin wasEl pasoFoundry. But beforethat I wentto El PasoHigh School; I took manualtraining. My teacherwas Mr. Sacksin the machineshop. I took MachineShop practice, ROTC,and the Maththat we neededin MachineShop. ThenI aiso servedwith CANDELARIA the TexasNational Guard, 36th Division, E company,131st Infantry. I wastheir SupplySergeant. Andsince I knewa'little aboutmechanics, I wastaking care of the rifles, repairing. A11that repair wasjust to rep'laceparts; [I] didn't haveto makethem. Andthen I comeback to old El Paso. Downon SouthStanton we had RamonGomez, who was the father of 'living. ModestoGomez, who's still M: ModestoGomez, .yeS. I interviewedhim. C: He told you morethan I can, becausehe is older than I. He knewme since I wasa kid. He taught mehow to drive a car, he hada FordModel T. And he wasworking for the International cigar company.He taught mehow to drive a Studebakerand a Ford. AndI usedto go aroundwith himon sales. That wasbefore what I said before. ThenKid payoand Jim payo, they're unclesof Saul Paredes.Do you knowhim? I don't knowhim personally, I knowof him. He can te'I1 you more;he wasmy next door neighbor. Is he aboutyour age? No, he is older. Saul Paredesis around75, moreor less. I'm curious to knowwhat you rememberabout growing up in SouthEl Paso. we]1, at that time southEl Pasowas nothing but a little town;we had everythingc'lose by. Bakerywas owned by the Paredesfamily. Acrossthe street wasa butchershop, owned by a fellow namedChema, that washis nickname. He passedaway. Wehad everything around here. Another place that we usedto get togetherwas The Quien Sabe. That wasowned by an ltalian, it wason 4th and SouthStanton. Andthen there wasthe First Baptist Churchon 5th and Stanton,another Protestant church, Method'ist, on 4th and Stanton. Then[there were] grocerystores on both sides of CANDELARIA the street, selling fruits, vegetables,and groceries, Thenthe railroad usedto comeon TexasStreet, and the streetcar usedto run from El paso to Juarezin a circle. Thenthe SecondWard Streetcar usedto cometo SeventhStreet, go around,come to townand back. The JuarezfStreetcar] usedto comefrom North Stantonand passto Juarez. M: Doyou remembera lot of peop'lefrom Juarezwho used to go throughStanton Street on their wayback? There'salways been a lot of traffic on Stanton Street. C: 0h, yes, but I wasjust a kid. M: But do you recall a lot of traffic, peoplegoing by there? C: 0h, yes, plenty of heavytraffic, sure, with the streetcars. Andat that time we still hadhorses and buggies, one or two automobiles.There weren,t manycars at that time. This placewhere I live nowwas nothing but mountains.My dad and I usedto go shootrabbits right hereat this p1ace. ThePolice Firing Rangeused to be on Hawthorneand Schuster,a big stonewall. I think that's still there, if I,m not mistaken,on Haw- thornestreet over there. Therewas no collegeof Minesthen, nothing; that cameyears later. No high school, that cameafter the Fjrst Wor'ld |darwhen that schoolwas built. I think it was [the old Morehead]School on Arizonaand Kansas. M: Whatdid you do as a kid in your neighborhood? C: P'layedwith the kids. M: Whatkind of gamesdid you p'lay? Escondidas,hide and go seek; and sometimesIndians and Cowboys__youknow, kids' games. we usedto havea gangof our ou,rl. Amongour memberswas Saul Paredes,Ernesto Herrera and Tito paredes. I don't rememberthem CANDELARIA other fellas. Weused to fight with stonesagainst each other. At that time there wereno bui'ldingsaround there. Thecanal hadno fence. Some of the kids fell off of themonce; that kept meout. I still like to go backto the old days. Therewas no traffic. wel], to myway of thinking, it wasbetter. M: Doyou remembera lot of those tenementsthat they havein SouthEl Paso? C: Yeah,but I don't rememberthe namesof the owners. Thereused to be a tenementright acrossthe street from us on Southstanton, it still is; and then anotherone farther down. Whenthe UnitedStates had this cambio de territorio backto Mexico,those houseswere torn down,tenements. And there werea lot of themon seventhoEast, west, they're all torn down. M: Howdid Mexicanpeople live there? Wasit crowded? C: No, it wasn't crowded. It wascrowded over here towardsthe UnionDepot on chihuahuaStreet and Durango,and those p'laces. But over there we weren't. Wehad law andorder. M: Yousay you ran aroundwith a little gang. C: 0h, just kids aroundthe neighborhood,yeah. M: Wasit moreof a friendly gangrather than someof these gangsthat we have now? C: 0h, no, it wasn'tlike that. Myfather andtheir parentswouldn't allow us. Myfather had beena police officer. He wasin chargeof everythingthere, and someof the copsthat werearound there. No, nothing of that sort in thosedays. It waslaw andorder with the kids. In thosetimes, kids worked. Nowkids don't ha'/ea damnthing to do but raise hell. youcan seethat yourself. wedidn't havenone of those[gangs]. For instance,I had to comehome from schooland chopwood, hel p mymother clean the stove, CANDELARIA get the ashesout and get readyfor supper. I hadto run errands. 0f course,everything was close together. If I played,I'd play after doing 'late my homework.Sonetimes too to go. A kid usedto work in those days. Whatschool did you go to? St. Mary's. Thatwas a CatholicSchool. That's right, on Myrtle andAnge Street. l,lasit mostly Mexicankids in that school? No, Americans.They wouldn't even let us speakSpanish. Wewere there to learn English,and English was the languagespoken. Wel'1,among ourselves, kids wouldget together flandspeak spanish]. Therewas Eddie Swyer, and there wasmy cousins, PabloGarcia, Arturo Maese,another fella namedRudy (but I don't rememberhis last name,and a Syriannamed Joe (I don't remem- ber his last nameeither). Heused to live on SanFrancisco and Leon Street. His father usedto havea grocerystore. Thenlater whenthe Chinesequit the laundry, , whichafterwards it movedto Secondand Utah, wlrichis nowfvlesa. They changed the name. It wasUtah, and then Broadway,then SanJacinto, andnow it's Mesa. As I remember,that wasthe RedLight D'istrict. That's right. Whatdo you rememberabout that? I didn't go. Did you ever go by there? No throughthe street, tto. Did you knowwhat was there? 0h, yes, I knewwhat was there, throughthe older kids. But at that time, CANDELARIA no kid wouldgo aroundthat neighborhood.0h, no. Theyhad law and order with the kids then. M: Mr. Candelaria,what experiences or incidents standout in your mindfrom your grammarschool days, that you rememberthe most? C: We'|1,in grammarschool, I usedto learn myEnglish; then we hadArithmetic, spel'ling,Handwriting (what we used to call penmanship).we used to go to grammarschool till we got to the sixth. That schoolwas run by Sister Zalbareto,and the pastor wasFather Roy, a Frenchman.I don't remember his first name,his last namewas Roy. Ourfirst Bishopwas Bishop Schuller. I think he took care of the schoolfor a time, too; I'm not sure about that. But he wasour first Bishop. M: Did they treat the Mexicankids goodthere? C: Surel Therewere only a few, the onesI named,my sisters andmy cousins.