Lepidoptera) with a Focus on Enigmatic Small Subfamilies
A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies Leidys Murillo-Ramos1,2, Gunnar Brehm3, Pasi Sihvonen4, Axel Hausmann5, Sille Holm6, Hamid Reza Ghanavi2, Erki Õunap6,7, Andro Truuverk8, Hermann Staude9, Egbert Friedrich10, Toomas Tammaru6 and Niklas Wahlberg2 1 Grupo Biología Evolutiva, Department of Biology, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia 2 Systematic Biology Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 3 Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Phyletisches Museum, Jena, Germany 4 Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 5 Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, München, Germany 6 Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 7 Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia 8 Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 9 LepsocAfrica, Magaliesburg, South Africa 10 Berghoffsweg 5, Jena, Germany ABSTRACT Our study aims to investigate the relationships of the major lineages within the moth family Geometridae, with a focus on the poorly studied Oenochrominae- Desmobathrinae complex, and to translate some of the results into a coherent subfamilial and tribal level classification for the family. We analyzed a molecular dataset of 1,206 Geometroidea terminal taxa from all biogeographical regions comprising up to 11 molecular markers that includes one mitochondrial (COI) and Submitted 6 February 2019 Accepted 1 July 2019 10 protein-coding nuclear gene regions (wingless, ArgK, MDH, RpS5, GAPDH, IDH, Published 27 August 2019 Ca-ATPase, Nex9, EF-1alpha, CAD). The molecular data set was analyzed using Corresponding authors maximum likelihood as implemented in IQ-TREE and RAxML.
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