Ghana Togo Oti River
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Volta-Hycos Project
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION Weather • Climate • Water VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT SUB-COMPONENT OF THE AOC-HYCOS PROJECT PROJECT DOCUMENT SEPTEMBER 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………….v 1 WORLD HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE OBSERVING SYSTEM (WHYCOS)……………1 2. BACKGROUNG TO DEVELOPMENT OF VOLTA-HYCOS…………………………... 3 2.1 AOC-HYCOS PILOT PROJECT............................................................................................... 3 2.2 OBJECTIVES OF AOC HYCOS PROJECT ................................................................................ 3 2.2.1 General objective........................................................................................................................ 3 2.2.2 Immediate objectives .................................................................................................................. 3 2.3 LESSONS LEARNT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AOC-HYCOS BASED ON LARGE BASINS......... 4 3. THE VOLTA BASIN FRAMEWORK……………………………………………………... 7 3.1 GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS....................................................................................................... 7 3.2 COUNTRIES OF THE VOLTA BASIN ......................................................................................... 8 3.3 RAINFALL............................................................................................................................. 10 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE VOLTA BASIN.............................................................. 11 3.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS........................................................................................... -
Strategic Plan 2010-2014
AUTORITE DU BASSIN DE LA VOLTA VOLTA BASIN AUTHORITY Bénin- Burkina- Côte d’Ivoire- Ghana- Mali- Togo VOLTA BASIN AUTHORITY STRATEGIC PLAN 2010-2014 June 2010 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... 2 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... 4 List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 4 List of Annexes ....................................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................. 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Background ................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Aim of Study and Expected Results ............................................................................. 6 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 7 2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE VOLTA RIVER BASIN .................................... 8 2.1 Overview of the Volta Basin ........................................................................................ -
Water Resources and Environmental Management in Ghana
Journal of the Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University Vo1.9, No.I. pp.87-98. February 2004 Water Resources and Environmental Management in Ghana Kwabena KANKAM-YEBOAH*, Philip GYAU-BOAKYE**, Makoto NISHIGAKI*** and Mitsuru KOMATSU*** (Received December 3, 2003) Three principal river basins are found in Ghana and the Volta River Basin is the major one, covering about three-quarters of Ghana. The basin is shared with Mali, Burkina Faso, Cote d'lvoire, Togo and Benin. Water from the Volta River Basin is used for drinking water supply, generating hydro-electric power, irrigation, inland fisheries and lake transport. The sustainable management of the Volta River Basin is thus of great importance. Land use activities in the basin are thus closely monitored not only in Ghana, but also in the other riparian countries as well. This paper presents information and data on the water resources and environmental management of the Volta River Basin in Ghana. Key words: water resources, environmental management, Volta River Basin, Ghana, water utilization 1 INTRODUCTION both the forest and savannah zones since the early 1970s (Opoku-Ankomah and Amisigo, 1998; Paturel, et al. Ghana is covered by three main river basins. These 1997; Aka, et al. 1996). The mean annual temperatures are the Volta, South-Western and the Coastal Basins. The vary between 24.4 DC and 28.1 DC. Gyau-Boakye and Volta River Basin (Fig. 1) covers about 70 % of the total Tumbulto (2000) have observed that the mean annual surface area of the country and it is shared by six West temperature in the basin has increased by 1 DC between Africa countries, namely; Ghana, Mali, Burkina Faso, 1945 and 1993. -
Country Report for Togo 1 Copyright © Pöyry Energy Gmbh
GIS Hydropower Resource Mapping – Country Report for Togo 1 Copyright © Pöyry Energy GmbH, ECREEE (www.ecowrex.org) GIS Hydropower Resource Mapping – Country Report for Togo 2 Copyright © Pöyry Energy GmbH, ECREEE (www.ecowrex.org) GIS Hydropower Resource Mapping – Country Report for Togo 3 Copyright © Pöyry Energy GmbH, ECREEE (www.ecowrex.org) GIS Hydropower Resource Mapping – Country Report for Togo 4 PREFACE The 15 countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) face a constant shortage of energy supply, which has negative impacts on social and economic development, including also strongly the quality of life of the population. In mid 2016 the region has about 50 operational hydropower plants and about 40 sites are under construction or refurbishment. The potential for hydropower development – especially for small-scale plants – is assumed to be large, but exact data were missing in the past. The ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE), founded in 2010 by ECOWAS, ADA, AECID and UNIDO, responded to these challenges and developed the ECOWAS Small- Scale Hydropower Program, which was approved by ECOWAS Energy Ministers in 2012. In the frame of this program ECREEE assigned Pöyry Energy GmbH in 2015 for implementation of a hydropower resource mapping by use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for 14 ECOWAS member countries (excluding Cabo Verde). The main deliverable of the project is a complete and comprehensive assessment of the hydro resources and computation of hydropower potentials as well as possible climate change impacts for West Africa. Main deliverables of the GIS mapping include: • River network layer: GIS line layer showing the river network for about 500,000 river reaches (see river network map below) with attributes including river name (if available), theoretical hydropower potential, elevation at start and end of reach, mean annual discharge, mean monthly discharge, etc. -
Fofana Rafatou: Examples for Regional Collaboration on Flood Forecasting
Innovative approaches on flood forecasting and early warning in West and Central Africa Examples for regional collaboration on flood forecasting in the Volta Basin Understanding Risk West and Central Africa Introduction Volta Basin Authority To promote permanente consultation tools for development among the parties of the basin Implementation of IWRM Develop joint projects Volta Basin Major river basin in West Africa 3 Sub-basins : Black Volta(Mouhoun), White Volta (Nakambe), Oti (ou Pendjari) Abidjan, 20th 20th -2019 Challenges in coordinating transboundary flood forecasting Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Volta Basin, 2013 i. Changes in water quantity and seasonal flows; ii. Degradation of ecosystems; Increased sedimentation of river courses Loss of soil and vegetative cover iii. Insufficient development of the hydrometeorological monitoring network, irregular maintenance of the hydrometeorological monitoring network, plurality of gaps in the available data series Challenges in coordinating transboundary flood forecasting Governance and Institutional Issues Continuing unilateral development of water resources by the Member States ; Clear definition of the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders involved in HydroMet services and early warming Clear definition of roles and responsibilities of stakeholders involved in flood risk assessment monitoring response Coordination and authority among relevant agencies including water authorities , disaster management agencies, local hydromet services and early warming -
Ghana Water Resources Profile Overview Ghana Has Abundant Water Resources and Is Not Considered Water Stressed Overall
WATER RESOURCES PROFILE SERIES The Water Resources Profile Series synthesizes information on water resources, water quality, the water-related dimen- sions of climate change, and water governance and provides an overview of the most critical water resources challenges and stress factors within USAID Water for the World Act High Priority Countries. The profile includes: a summary of avail- able surface and groundwater resources; analysis of surface and groundwater availability and quality challenges related to water and land use practices; discussion of climate change risks; and synthesis of governance issues affecting water resources management institutions and service providers. Ghana Water Resources Profile Overview Ghana has abundant water resources and is not considered water stressed overall. The total volume of freshwater withdrawn by major economic sectors amounts to 6.3 percent of its total resource endowment, which is lower than the water stress benchmark.i Total renewable water resources per person of 1,949 m3 is also above the Falkenmark Indexii threshold for water stress. However, water availability is influenced by management decisions and abstractions from upper-basin countries as almost half of its freshwater originates outside the country. The Volta Basin covers most of the country and is critical to hydroelectric generation, agriculture, and fisheries. However, water availability for hydropower generation and agriculture is vulnerable to drought and depends on upper basin dam releases and abstractions in Burkina Faso. Flood risks are amplified by uncoordinated floodgate releases from upstream dams. Transboundary cooperation is needed to reconcile basin development plans and address flood mitigation and drought contingencies in the Volta Basin. Informal gold mining, logging, and the expanding cocoa sector are increasing flood risks, erosion, and sedimentation in the Southwestern and Coastal Basins. -
National Consultation Report for Ghana
Project “Integrating Flood and Drought Management and Early Warning for Climate Change Adaptation in the Volta Basin” National Consultation Report for Ghana Project Partners: Report Developed by: CIMA Research Foundation, Dr. Caroline Wittwer, WMO Consultant, Project Management Team, and in joint-support and contribution of staffs from the National Agencies in Ghana Table of Contents About this report ................................................................................................................................................ 8 1. Country Profile ........................................................................................................................................ 10 2. Main Flood and Drought risk areas ......................................................................................................... 12 3. The Volta Basin in Ghana: the Black and White Volta river, the Oti river and the Lower Volta ........... 18 4. Overview of the legal and institutional framework ................................................................................. 20 4.1 State system ................................................................................................................................... 20 4.2 Administrative organization ........................................................................................................... 20 4.3 Institution in charge of Early Warning Systems ............................................................................ 21 4.3.1 Key actors ................................................................................................................................. -
4. Lake Volta, Ghana
85 4. Lake Volta, Ghana Courtesy: CSIR Water Research Institute, Ghana. 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE LAKE VOLTA REVIEW The completion of the Akosombo Dam on the Volta River in 1964 resulted in the creation of an immense reservoir (Lake Volta) with a length of 520 km and covering about 8 500 km2, or 3.2 percent of Ghana’s total land area (Figure 46). The reservoir stores about 149 billion m3 (149 km3) of water. Although Lake Volta itself lies entirely in Ghana, the Volta River system is shared by six West African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali and Togo. The main aim of constructing the dam was to produce electricity, but the reservoir’s fisheries were soon recognized to be of significant socio-economic importance to Ghana. A large fishery developed, upon which some 300 000 fisherfolk depend for their livelihood (Braimah, 2003). According to FAO statistics, inland capture fisheries contributed 27 percent of total Ghanaian fish production in 2009 (FAO FishStat Plus). It is estimated that the reservoir provides 90 percent of national freshwater fish production (Abban, 1999). The reservoir also facilitates the transportation of goods and passengers and the provision of services, linking different parts of the country. Because of the important contributions of the fishery to socio-economic development in Ghana, the Government of Ghana has undertaken efforts to sustain and enhance fish production from Lake Volta. Notable among these were the establishment of Volta Lake Research and Development Project in the 1960s and its related research projects through the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, followed by the institution of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) project Integrated Development of Artisanal Fisheries (IDAF) from about 1989 to the late 1990s. -
STRENGTHENING FLOOD FORECASTING and EARLY WARNING in the VOLTA RIVER BASIN Protecting Lives and Livelihoods in One of West Africa’S Major River Basins
STRENGTHENING FLOOD FORECASTING AND EARLY WARNING IN THE VOLTA RIVER BASIN Protecting lives and livelihoods in one of West Africa’s major river basins AT A GLANCE Country: Ghana and Togo Risks: Floods GFDRR Areas of Engagement: Strengthening hydromet services and early warning systems, promoting open access to risk information A technical team worked with local partners to strengthen flood forecasting in the Oti River through the development of a forecasting model and early warning system, as well as knowledge exchange with Japanese experts. Photo. Stock jbdodane/Alamy Accra. dam near Akosombo Stretching across six sub-Saharan African countries, the Volta A technical team guided the development a flood forecasting River basin is one of the major river basins in West Africa. model for the Oti River basin, comprising of both a While the entire river basin has been frequently affected by hydrological component, in which flood volumes are estimated flooding over the years—as most recently in October 2020–, this from rainfall levels, and a hydraulic component, in which is especially true for the Oti River basin. The Oti River springs flood volumes are converted into water levels and flood from Benin’s Atakora Mountains, flows through Burkina Faso extents. and Togo before joining the Volta River in Ghana. That model, which was supplemented by extensive field Under the Japan-World Bank Program for Mainstreaming surveys in local communities, informed the flood hazard and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in Developing Countries and flood risk mapping conducted in close collaboration with the in collaboration with the governments of Togo, Ghana and the relevant authorities in Ghana and Togo, with an eye toward Volta Basin Authority (VBA) among other local partners, GFDRR informing their flood resilience strategy, including both provided support toward strengthening flood forecasting in the structural and non-structural measures. -
Emmanuel M. K. Amekor, Manager, Volta River
EMMANUEL M. K. AMEKOR, MANAGER, VOLTA RIVER AUTHORITY GHANA MANAGING AND PROTECTING THE WATER RESOURCES OF THE VOLTA LAKE – THE VOLTA RIVER AUTHORITY EXPERIENCE, GHANA PRESENTATION PLAN Introduction: VRA establishment and Mandates The Volta Lake Resource Water Resource Management Projects Water Resource Protection Projects (Highlights and Implementation Strategies) Institutional Arrangements Conclusions VRA ESTABLISHMENT MANDATE ESTABLISHMENT Established under the Volta River Development Act 1961 (Act 46) MANDATE I Primary function is to develop the hydroelectric potential of the Volta River (through the construction of a dam and creation of a lake/reservoir) for the generation, transmission and supply/distribution of electrical energy for industrial, commercial and domestic use in Ghana and neighbouring countries VRA ESTABLISHMENT MANDATE MANDATE II Act 46, 1961 also enjoined the VRA to manage the water resources of the Volta Lake to promote Tourism, Lake Transport, Irrigation, Inland Water Fishery and Aquaculture (Cage/Pen fishery). VRA MANDATE AMMENDMENT AMMENDMENT LAW As part of the effort to encourage private sector participation in the energy sector, the Volta River Development (Amendment) Act 2005 (Act 692) legislation revised the VRA mandate: Transmission component of original mandate entrusted to a new National Grid Company (GRIDCo). VRA now a purely power generation company Enhanced need to protect the water resource AKOSOMBO DAM AND VOLTA LAKE Rock-fill dam Completed 1965. The resultant Lake (Volta Lake, the biggest -
The Context and Politics of Decision Making on Large Dams in Ghana: an Overview
The context and politics of decision making on large dams in Ghana: an overview 1 Deborah Darko, [email protected] Michael Kpessa-Whyte, [email protected] 2 1 Emmanuel Obuobie, [email protected] Pius Siakwah, [email protected] 2 2 Obodai Torto, [email protected] Dzodzi Tsikata, [email protected] 2 1 Water Research Institute, Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Accra, Ghana 2 Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana FutureDAMS Working Paper 002 May 2019 ISBN: 978-1-913093-02-0 Cite this paper as: Darko et al (2019) The context and politics of decision making on large dams in Ghana: an overview. FutureDAMS Working Paper 002. Manchester: The University of Manchester. Abstractwww. futuredams.org ISBN: XXXXX Abstract Large dams were central to policy making in Ghana and the rest of Africa in the early postcolonial period as part of the quest for development, framed in terms of the socioeconomic and cultural modernisation that pertained in advanced industrialised countries. Ghana has constructed three large dams, primarily for the provision of hydroelectricity, to catalyse industrialisation. There are plans for other dams in the future. Against the background of debates about large dams and their implications for the environment and human wellbeing, and the continuing global interest in dam construction, particularly in developing countries, this paper provides a retrospective overview of large dams in Ghana, with a specific focus on the Akosombo, Kpong and Bui dams. It notes that decisions and processes leading to dam construction often involve a diverse array of actors operating at different levels, with multiple interests. -
Volta Basin Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis Final Report
GEF-Volta Addressing Transboundary Concerns in the Volta River Basin and its Downstream Coastal Area Volta Basin Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis Project Number: 53885 Final report March 2013 GEF-Volta Addressing Transboundary Concerns in the Volta River Basin and its Downstream Coastal Area First published in Ghana in 2013 By the UNEP-GEF Volta Project. Copyright © 2013, United Nations Environment Programme This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP-GEF Volta Project Project Management Unit No. E3 Leshie Cresent - Labone c/o UNDP P.O. Box 1423 Accra Ghana P.O. Box 1423 Accra Ghana Phone: +233 30 2764111 Fax: +233 30 2772669 Mobile: +233 206309775 Website: www.gefvolta.iwlearn.org DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of UNEP or the GEF. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the UNEP, or of the GEF, or of any cooperating organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, of its authorities, or of the delineation of its territories or boundaries. The report was prepared by Mr. Hubert Onibon, Regional Coordinator of the UNEP-GEF Volta River Basin Project.