Western Australia's International Resources

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Western Australia's International Resources WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT MAGAZINE March–May 2004 $3 (inc GST) Print post approved PP 665002/00062 post approved Print China WESTERN AUSTRALIAN OFFICES Department of Industry and Resources Mineral House • 100 Plain Street • EAST PERTH WA 6004 Tel: +61 8 9222 3333 • Fax: +61 8 9222 3430 www.doir.wa.gov.au Investment Services FROM THE MINISTER 168–170 St Georges Terrace • PERTH Western Australia 6000 Postal address: Box 7606 • Cloisters Square PERTH Western Australia 6850 Optimism with LNG Tel: +61 8 9327 5555 • Fax: +61 8 9222 3862 Email: [email protected] NG is vital as an emerging energy source at a time when there INTERNATIONAL OFFICES is concern about the longer-term sustainability of supply of Europe petroleum, issues about security of energy supplies generally, Government of Western Australia L and the need for the world to progress to less greenhouse-intensive European Office • 5th floor, Australia Centre Clive Brown, MLA Corner of Strand and Melbourne Place and polluting forms of energy. Minister for State LONDON WC2B 4LG • UNITED KINGDOM The Western Australian Government is optimistic that several Development Tel: +44 20 7240 2881 • Fax: +44 20 7240 6637 Email: [email protected] new LNG projects can be developed within the next two decades. India — Mumbai To maximise opportunities in LNG and related sectors, the Western Australian Trade Office Western Australian Government is focusing on four strategic areas 93 Jolly Maker Chambers No 2 9th floor, Nariman Point • MUMBAI 400 021 INDIA — developing a strong and competitive economy; providing Tel: +91 22 5630 3979/74/78 • Fax: +91 22 5630 3977 supportive infrastructure to projects; ensuring Government Email: [email protected] facilitation optimises outcomes for business, Government and the India — Chennai Western Australian Trade Office - Advisory Office community; and developing long-term relationships between all players as the basis for 1 Doshi Regency • 876 Poonamallee High Road ensuring mutually beneficial outcomes. Kilpauk • CHENNAI 600 084 • INDIA Tel: +91 44 2640 0407 • Fax: +91 44 2643 0064 Our vision is that Western Australia becomes a world-class energy hub incorporating LNG E-mail: [email protected] and gas processing industries, and where the skills and expertise of those industries that Indonesia — Jakarta support our LNG sector — specialised engineering, manufacturing, equipment suppliers, and Western Australia Trade Office c/- Australian Trade Commission • Australian Embassy maintenance contractors — are recognised both domestically and internationally. JI H R Rasuna Said Kav C15 - 16, Kuningan This means we are not only looking at supportive physical infrastructure, but knowledge JAKARTA 12940 • INDONESIA Tel: +62 21 2550 5331 • Fax: +62 21 522 7103 infrastructure as well. E-mail: [email protected] Western Australia is also taking a long-term strategic view by participating in the hydrogen Indonesia — Surabaya economy. Perth will soon be one of only 10 cities world-wide to participate in a global trial of Western Australian Trade Office Graha Pena 17th floor • Jalan Ahmad Yani 88 hydrogen-powered buses. SURABAYA 60234 INDONESIA The State Government’s in-principle approval of the Gorgon gas processing facilities on Tel: +62 31 829 9979 • Fax: +62 31 829 9975 Email: [email protected] Barrow Island is a great example of how we are working with industry and the community to Japan — Tokyo sustainably develop Western Australia’s natural resources. Western Australian Government Office We will continue to develop commercial relationships across a broad spectrum of issues, Australian Business Centre 28th floor, New Otani Garden Court and with a wide range of stakeholders, especially at events like the LNG 14 conference in Qatar 4-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-Ku • TOKYO 102-0094 JAPAN in March, which I will be attending. Tel: +81 3 5214 0791 • Fax: +81 3 5214 0796 Email: [email protected] Japan — Kobe Western Australian Government Office 6th floor, Golden Sun Building • 3-6 Nakayamate-dori FROM THE DIRECTOR GENERAL 4-Chome Chuo-Ku • KOBE 650-0004 JAPAN Tel: +81 78 242 7705 • Fax: +81 78 242 7707 Email: [email protected] Realising the value Malaysia Western Australian Trade Office he underlying asset value of Western Australia’s resource base 4th floor, UBN Tower • 10 Jalan P Ramlee KUALA LUMPUR 50250 MALAYSIA has been highlighted through massive capacity expansions Tel: +60 3 2031 8175/6 • Fax: +60 3 2031 8177 by the iron ore industry, securing its future as an economic Email: [email protected] T powerhouse. Middle East Western Australian Trade Office • Emarat Atrium BHP Billiton, Hamersley, Robe and Portman have between them PO Box 58007 • DUBAI • UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Tel: +971 4 343 3226 • Fax: +971 4 343 3238 committed about A$3.5 billion to further development, with BHP Jim Limerick E-mail: [email protected] Billiton flagging an additional A$6.7 billion investment in its WA Director General People’s Republic of China — Shanghai resources portfolio of projects over the next five years. Department of Industry Western Australian Trade & Investment Promotion and Resources Shanghai Representative Office • Room 2208, CITIC Square 1168 Nanjing Road West • SHANGHAI 200041 Much of the increased iron ore demand and resultant increased PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA project investment has been instigated by China, which last year surpassed Japan as the Tel: +86 21 5292 5899 • Fax: +86 21 5292 5889 world’s leading seaborne trader of iron ore. Email: [email protected] People’s Republic of China — Hangzhou This edition of Prospect focuses on the boom which is China, and, in particular, the roles Western Australian Trade & Investment Promotion Hangzhou Representative Office played by the WA resources industry in cementing further and future contracts with that Room 910 • World Trade Office Plaza country. Zhejiang World Trade Centre 15 Shuguang Road • HANGZHOU 310007 It shows that the WA iron ore industry has the resources and ability to meet China’s PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA Tel: +86 571 8795 0296 • Fax: +86 571 8795 0295 demand over the long term, as it did during the earlier days of the 1960s and 1970s with E-mail: [email protected] the growth in the Japanese steel industry. Taiwan WA Business Development Manager Western Australia’s commercial ties with China are close. So too are the government-to- Australian Commerce & Industry Office government relationships, in particular those with the Zhejaing Province where WA has a Australian Business Centre Suite 2606, International Trade Building sister-state relationship. #333 Keelung Road Section 1 • TAIPEI 110 TAIWAN Tel: +886 2 8780 9118 ext 216 • Fax: +886 2 2757 6707 The Department of Industry and Resources is looking to build stronger commercial ties Email: nicholas.mckay@austrade,gov.au with Zhejiang, including undertaking an Energy Options Joint Study to examine the Thailand WA Business Development Manager feasibility of utilising LNG in the province. Australian Trade Commission • Australian Embassy 37 South Sathorn Road • BANGKOK 10120 • THAILAND Tel: +662 287 2680 Ext 3307 • Fax: +662 287 2589 E-mail: [email protected] in this issue 8 InIn thisthis edition,edition, ProspectProspect focusesfocuses onon China,China, aa countrycountry withwith aa boomingbooming economyeconomy andand oneone thatthat presentspresents hugehuge opportunitiesopportunities forfor aa resources-richresources-rich StateState likelike WesternWestern Australia.Australia. TurnTurn toto pagespages 8–178–17 forfor moremore details.details. special feature CHINA 2 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS 20 BURRUP PENINSULA Western Australia, with its vast natural gas resources, is An insight into the development of infrastructure on the a strong contender to supply LNG to markets on the Burrup Peninsula where a number of big gas processing west coast of the United States. projects are planned. 4 SEISMIC SURVEY 22 CEREAL STRAW Offshore seismic survey program begins to map the A cooperative of Jerramungup farmers is assessing the boundaries of Australia’s biggest gas field, north of potential for a major new integrated industry based on cereal Onslow. straw pulp, bio diesel, eucalyptus oil and power from biomass. 5 PETROCHEMICALS Good progress is being made with the foundation 23 WASTEWATER petrochemical industry on the Burrup Peninsula, a The Kwinana industrial strip is about to host the biggest A$630 million ammonia plant that will serve markets in wastewater recycling plant in Australia. Asia. 25 SUBSCRIPTION FORM 6 GRANITE Green granite from a quarry at Jerramungup makes its 36 RESOURCES MAP way to London for a stunning feature at a new Australian War Memorial. 18 GRIFFIN VENTURE A look at the success behind BHP Billiton Petroleum’s floating production storage and offtake vessel, the Griffin Venture, which has been now been operating for 10 years. Front cover: A worker inspects rolls of Prospect ISSN 1037-4590 steel at the Baosteel steel Western Australian Prospect magazine is published quarterly by the Western Australian Government’s Department of Industry and plant in Shanghai. The Resources (DoIR) and Ray Burns Media. plant uses high-grade iron Editorial management: John Terrell, DoIR Communications & Marketing Division. Tel: (08) 9327 5555 • Fax: (08) 9327 5500. ore from Western Australia Advertising management: Ray Burns Media, PO Box 1230, South Perth Westerm Australia 6951 Tel: (08) 9227 6688 • Mobile: 0408 474 328 • Email: [email protected]
Recommended publications
  • China's Belt and Road Initiative in the Global Trade, Investment and Finance Landscape
    China's Belt and Road Initiative in the Global Trade, Investment and Finance Landscape │ 3 China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the global trade, investment and finance landscape China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) development strategy aims to build connectivity and co-operation across six main economic corridors encompassing China and: Mongolia and Russia; Eurasian countries; Central and West Asia; Pakistan; other countries of the Indian sub-continent; and Indochina. Asia needs USD 26 trillion in infrastructure investment to 2030 (Asian Development Bank, 2017), and China can certainly help to provide some of this. Its investments, by building infrastructure, have positive impacts on countries involved. Mutual benefit is a feature of the BRI which will also help to develop markets for China’s products in the long term and to alleviate industrial excess capacity in the short term. The BRI prioritises hardware (infrastructure) and funding first. This report explores and quantifies parts of the BRI strategy, the impact on other BRI-participating economies and some of the implications for OECD countries. It reproduces Chapter 2 from the 2018 edition of the OECD Business and Financial Outlook. 1. Introduction The world has a large infrastructure gap constraining trade, openness and future prosperity. Multilateral development banks (MDBs) are working hard to help close this gap. Most recently China has commenced a major global effort to bolster this trend, a plan known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China and economies that have signed co-operation agreements with China on the BRI (henceforth BRI-participating economies1) have been rising as a share of the world economy.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Special Economic Zones And
    China’s Special Economic Zones and Industrial Clusters: Success and Challenges Douglas Zhihua Zeng © 2012 Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Working Paper The findings and conclusions of this Working Paper reflect the views of the author(s) and have not been subject to a detailed review by the staff of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Contact the Lincoln Institute with questions or requests for permission to reprint this paper. [email protected] Lincoln Institute Product Code: WP13DZ1 Abstract In the past 30 years, China has achieved phenomenal economic growth, an unprecedented development “miracle” in human history. How did China achieve this rapid growth? What have been its key drivers? And, most important, can China sustain the incredible success? While policy makers, business people, and scholars continue to debate these topics, one thing is clear: the numerous special economic zones and industrial clusters that emerged after the country’s reforms are without doubt two important engines of China’s remarkable development. The special economic zones and industrial clusters have made crucial contributions to China’s economic success. Foremost, the special economic zones (especially the first several) successfully tested the market economy and new institutions and became role models for the rest of the country to follow. Together with the numerous industrial clusters, the special economic zones have contributed significantly to gross domestic product, employment, exports, and attraction of foreign investment. The special economic zones have also played important roles in bringing new technologies to China and in adopting modern management practices. However, after 30 years’ development, they also face many significant challenges in moving forward.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Cities of Opportunity 2020 Seizing the New Opportunities of China’S Urbanisation
    Beijing Hangzhou Xi’an Kunming Wuxi Nanchang Harbin Shanghai Wuhan Xiamen Jinan Taiyuan Zhongshan Haikou Guangzhou Hong Kong Chongqing Hefei Guiyang Urumqi Lanzhou Shenzhen Zhengzhou Tianjin Macao Shenyang Shijiazhuang Baoding Chengdu Changsha Qingdao Foshan Fuzhou Changchun Tangshan Nanjing Suzhou Ningbo Zhuhai Dalian Nanning Hohhot Chinese Cities of Opportunity 2020 Seizing the new opportunities of China’s urbanisation While China has entered the mid to late stages of stressed, China must gradually form a “dual circulation” its urbanisation process, urbanisation maintains a development pattern, in which the domestic economic strong driving force for China’s economic and social cycle plays a leading role while the domestic and development, yielding tremendous opportunities and international dual circulations complement each other. potential for growth. In 2019, for the first time, the This “dual circulation” not only demonstrates a logic of urbanisation rate of China’s permanent population ensuring bottom-line security by improving economic exceeded 60 percent, which is expected to approach resilience, but also a logic of expanding opening-up and the average level of developed countries in the next 20 integrated development with an enterprising spirit. In years. However, the urbanisation rate of the registered the process of developing a “dual circulation” pattern, population is currently below 45 percent. Continuous cities—especially central cities—will play a leading role as promotion of a new type of “people-centric urbanisation” platforms for growth and opening-up as well as pillars of will help narrow the gap between the economic and social resilience—veritable places of opportunity. development of urban and rural areas, extensively improve The China Development Research Foundation and PwC public services and social welfare, and provide internal have paid close attention to China’s urbanisation, with impetus for robust economic growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Port Governance in China Since 2004: Institutional Layering and the Growing Impact of Broader Policies
    Research in Transportation Business & Management 22 (2017) 184–200 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Research in Transportation Business & Management Port governance in China since 2004: Institutional layering and the growing impact of broader policies Theo Notteboom a,b,c,d,e,⁎, Zhongzhen Yang b a China Institute of FTZ Supply Chain, Shanghai Maritime University, People's Republic of China b Transportation Management College, Dalian Maritime University, People's Republic of China c Antwerp Maritime Academy, Belgium d Faculty of Applied Economics, University of Antwerp, Belgium e Maritime Institute, Faculty of Law, Ghent University, Belgium article info abstract Article history: This paper builds further on the work of Cullinane and Wang (2007) and more recent work on (port) governance Received 30 May 2016 in China. We argue that the market environment in which Chinese ports operate is quite different compared to Received in revised form 6 September 2016 ten years ago. The global and domestic economic slowdown and structural changes in the economic base have Accepted 12 September 2016 affected seaport volumes and freight traffic growth. Fears for port capacity shortages have made room for over- Available online 17 September 2016 capacity. New geo-economic policies such as the ‘Go West’ strategy and the ‘One Belt One Road’ (OBOR) initiative, the implementation of modern corporate governance principles and the establishment of Free Trade Zones (FTZs) are affecting the Chinese container seaport system. The above factors have triggered a number of strategic and managerial implications on Chinese ports: (a) an increased focus on seaport integration and co-operation, (b) a strong orientation on hinterland development through corridors and dry ports, (c) a two-way opening up of the seaport sector by combining initiatives to attract foreign investments and trade to Chinese ports with an internationalisation of Chinese port-related companies.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934
    Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934 A publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cover Colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Although the Center for Chinese Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of monographs in this series, respon­ sibility for the opinions expressed in them and for the accuracy of statements contained in them rests with their authors. © 1978 by the Regents of the Universit y of California ISBN 0-912966-18-1 Library of Congress Catalog Number 78-620018 Printed in the United States of America $5.00 Contents INTRODUCTION ......... ........... .. .. ..... Philip C. C. Huang INTELLECTUALS, LUMPENPROLETARIANS, WORKERS AND PEASANTS IN THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT.................. 5 Philip C. C. Huang AGRICULTURAL LABORERS AND RURAL REVOLUTION . 29 Lynda Schaefer Bell THE PARTY AND PEASANT WOMEN 57 Kathy LeMons Walker A COMMENT ON THE WESTE RN LITERATURE. 83 Philip C. C. Huang REFERENCES . 99 GLOSSARY . .. .......... ................. .. .. 117 LIST OF MAPS I. Revolutionary Base Areas and Guerilla Zones in 1934 2 II. The Central Soviet Area in 1934 . 6 III. Xingguo and Surrounding Counties......... .. 10 1 The Jiangxi Period : an Introduction Philip C. C. Huang The Chinese Communist movement in its early years was primarily urban-based.
    [Show full text]
  • Afgc China Market Industry Guide
    AFGC CHINA MARKET INDUSTRY GUIDE A GUIDE TO THE CHINESE MARKET INDUSTRY This project is supported by funding from the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources. Published October 2018. Australian Food and Grocery Council. This report was prepared for the Australian Food and Grocery Council by Peloris Consulting, through funding provided by the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources. The report contains general information only. The Australian Food and Grocery Council is not, by means of this publication, rendering business, financial, investment, trade, legal, tax, or other professional advice. Professional advice should sought independently, including advice on regulatory requirements of exporting to and selling food and groceries in China. The Australian Food and Grocery Council will not be held responsible for loss or damages sustained by any person or entity relying on the information in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any manner or form without written permission from the Australian Food and Grocery Council. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................3 Part A: - China Food Safety Regulations .............................................................................................4 China Food Safety Law (2015) of The Peoples’ Republic of China ................................................. 4 E-Commerce Law of The Peoples’ Republic of China (2018) ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Subsidy Programs
    SUBSIDIES REQUEST FROM THE UNITED STATES TO CHINA PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25.10 OF THE AGREEMENT The following communication, dated 15 April 2016, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of the United States. _______________ In the report that it prepared for China's most recent Trade Policy Review, held in July 2014, the Secretariat included information that it had uncovered on 30 support programs for China's fisheries sector.1 The Secretariat's Report noted that China had not notified any of these support programs to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (Committee) and that China could not verify any of the information provided to it by the Secretariat. During the ensuing Trade Policy Review meetings, China responded to Members' questions about these support programs by stating that it needed more time to identify and verify information regarding these support programs. In April of last year, the United States submitted questions to China with respect to these programs and other fishery support measures the United States had uncovered through its own efforts.2 Once again, despite its obligation under Article 25.9 of the Agreement to provide answers "as quickly as possible and in a comprehensive manner", China to date has not meaningfully responded to the United States' request and has refused repeated requests to meet bilaterally to discuss the issue, and the issue of subsidy notifications more generally. In November of last year, China submitted its latest subsidy notification covering the period 2009 through 2014.3 In this notification, China did not include: (1) any of the fishery subsidy programs identified in China's 2014 TPR report, (2) any of the additional measures identified by the United States in its Article 25.8 submission or (3) any of the fisheries subsidies measures identified in the 2014 Article 25.10 submission of the United States4.
    [Show full text]
  • RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/375 6 June 2018 (18-3455) Page
    RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/375 6 June 2018 (18-3455) Page: 1/193 Trade Policy Review Body TRADE POLICY REVIEW REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT CHINA This report, prepared for the seventh Trade Policy Review of China, has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility. The Secretariat has, as required by the Agreement establishing the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (Annex 3 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization), sought clarification from China on its trade policies and practices. Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Masahiro Hayafuji (tel: 022 739 5873); Pierre Latrille (tel: 022 739 5266); Arne Klau (tel: 022 739 5706); and Usman Ali Khilji (tel: 022 739 6936). Document WT/TPR/G/375 contains the policy statement submitted by China. Note: This report is subject to restricted circulation and press embargo until the end of the first session of the meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body on China. This report was drafted in English. WT/TPR/S/375 • China - 2 - CONTENTS SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 9 1 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 15 1.1 Main Features of the Economy .....................................................................................15 1.2 Recent Economic Developments ...................................................................................15 1.2.1 Monetary and exchange policy
    [Show full text]
  • Exporting Goods, Services and Technology to the Chinese Market
    EUSME Centre Exporting goods, services and technology to the Chinese market t 3 por Re ? - na hi C r fo y d a e r u o y e r A www.eusmecentre.org.cn EUSME CentreEUSME Centre Are you ready for China? Published by: EU SME Centre 37 Maizidian West Street Room 910, Sunflower Tower Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125 P.R. China Phone: +86-10-85275300 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.eusmecentre.org.cn The EU SME Centre is a project funded by the European Union Exporting goods, services and technology to the Chinese market 1. Exporting goods, services and technology to the Chinese market 4 2. Goods 4 2.1. Process for exporting your goods to China 5 2.2. Free imports 6 2.3. Restricted imports 6 2.4. Prohibited imports 7 2.5. Standards 7 2.6. China Compulsory Certification (CCC) 9 2.7. Other industry standards 10 2.8. Labelling 10 2.9. Packaging 11 2.10. Entry-exit commodity inspection and customs 11 2.11. Relevant taxes and fees for the import of goods 12 2.12. Case studies 14 3. Services 16 3.1. Process for exporting your services to China 16 3.2. Services allowed for investment 17 3.3. Service industries encouraged and permitted for investment 17 3.4. Service industries restricted for investment 18 3.5. Service industries prohibited for investment 18 3.6. Relevant taxes and fees for the import of services 18 3.7. Case studies 20 4. Technology 22 4.1. Process of transferring your technology to China 22 4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Business in China: Country Commercial Guide for US Companies
    Doing Business in China: Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2013. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • Chapter 1: Doing Business In China • Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment • Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services • Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment • Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards • Chapter 6: Investment Climate • Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing • Chapter 8: Business Travel • Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events • Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services Return to table of contents Chapter 1: Doing Business in China • Market Overview • Market Challenges • Market Opportunities • Market Entry Strategy • Fact Sheet Market Overview Return to top The biggest news in China in 2012 was the leadership transition as Xi Jinping took over as President from Hu Jintao, and Li Keqiang took over as Premier from Wen Jiabao. What impact they will have on economic governance remains to be determined. The International Monetary Fund estimates that China's 2013 GDP growth will be 7.8%. The Chinese government’s new leadership has acknowledged that the country’s economic growth will slow going forward due to a number of internal and external factors, likely to the range of 7-7.5% in the short- to mid-term, but has not reacted with stimulus measures through the first half of 2013.= Despite slowing GDP growth, which in 2012 was at the lowest level in 13 years, employment has remained stable, but weak profitability in certain sectors and continued external headwinds affecting export-oriented manufacturing may be cause for concern going forward.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Reading in Late Imperial China, 1000-1800
    A HISTORY OF READING IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA, 1000-1800 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Li Yu, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Galal Walker, advisor Professor Mark Bender Professor Cynthia J. Brokaw ______________________________ Professor Patricia A. Sieber Advisor East Asian Languages and Literatures ABSTRACT This dissertation is a historical ethnographic study on the act of reading in late imperial China. Focusing on the practice and representation of reading, I present a mosaic of how reading was conceptualized, perceived, conducted, and transmitted from the tenth to the eighteenth centuries. My central argument is that reading, or dushu, was an indispensable component in the tapestry of cultural life and occupied a unique position in the landscape of social history in late imperial China. Reading is not merely a psychological act of individuals, but also a set of complicated social practices determined and conditioned by social conventions. The dissertation consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 discusses motivation, scope, methodology, and sources of the study. I introduce a dozen different Chinese terms related to the act of reading. Chapter 2 examines theories and practices of how children were taught to read. Focusing on four main pedagogical procedures, namely memorization, vocalization, punctuation, and explication, I argue that the loud chanting of texts and the constant anxiety of reciting were two of the most prominent themes that ran through both the descriptive and prescriptive discourses on the history of reading in late imperial ii China.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreigners Knocking on the Door: Trade in China During the Treaty Port Era
    Foreigners Knocking on the Door: Trade in China During the Treaty Port Era By Wolfgang Keller, Javier Andres Santiago, and Carol H. Shiue∗ Draft: January 4, 2015 We employ a new, commodity-level dataset on the flow of goods be- tween fifteen major treaty ports to estimate a general-equilibrium trade model for China around the year 1900. The distribution of welfare effects depends critically on each port's productivity, China's economic geography because it affects trade costs, and the extent of regional diversity in production because this affects the po- tential gains from trade. We utilize this framework to quantify the size and distribution of welfare effects resulting from new technol- ogy and lower trade costs that came with the treaty ports. Find- ings show that domestic markets resulted in ripple effects which transmitted the effect of the international trade opening beyond the foreign concessions. However, because differences in relative pro- ductivity across regions were relatively low, the welfare gains from domestic trade improvements were limited. Keywords: domestic trade, welfare gains, 19th century China ∗ Keller: University of Colorado, CEPR, NBER, CESifo, [email protected]. Andres Santi- ago: University of Colorado, [email protected]. Shiue: University of Colorado, CEPR, NBER, CESifo, [email protected]. We thank Greg Clark, Kris Mitchener, Noam Yuchtman, and work- shop participants at the All UC Group in Economic History Conference 2015 for useful comments. Bill Ridley provided excellent research assistance. Keller and Shiue gratefully acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation (grant SES 1124426). 1 China's economic development has taken major turns over the last couple of cen- turies.
    [Show full text]