FAMILY Osmeridae Regan, 1913 - smelts, freshwater smelts, typical smelts [=Hypomesini, Mesopinae, Mallotinae, Thaleichthyinae] Notes: Osmeridae Regan, 1913b:290 [ref. 3651] (family) Osmerus Hypomesini Berg, 1940:428 [ref. 5049] (subfamily) Hypomesus [senior objective synonym of Mesopinae Fowler, 1951] Mesopinae Fowler, 1951b:3 [ref.31928] (subfamily) Mesopus [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; name only, but used as valid by Fowler 1974:109 [or 587] [ref. 7180] Article 13.2.1; junior objective synonym of Hypomesini, invalid, Article 61.3.2] Mallotinae Fowler, 1958b:7 [ref. 1470] (subfamily) Mallotus Thaleichthyinae Kljukanov, 1970:413 [ref. 32604] (subfamily) Thaleichthys

GENUS Allosmerus Hubbs, 1925 - whitebait smelts [=Allosmerus Hubbs [C. L.], 1925:53] Notes: [ref. 2232]. Masc. Osmerus attenuatus Lockington, 1880. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Allosmerus Hubbs, 1925 -- (McAllister 1963:24 [ref. 8075]). Current status: Valid as Allosmerus Hubbs, 1925. Osmeridae.

Species Allosmerus elongatus (Ayers, 1854) - whitebait smelt [=Osmerus elongatus Ayres [W. O.], 1854:170, Osmerus attenuatus Lockington [W. N.], 1880:66] Notes: [The Pacific [newspaper] v. 3 and 4 (thru no. 6); ref. 157] San Francisco markets, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Allosmerus elongatus (Ayres, 1854). Osmeridae. Distribution: Eastern North Pacific. Habitat: marine. (attenuatus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 123); ref. 2817] San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Allosmerus elongatus (Ayres, 1854). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Hypomesus Gill, 1862 - smelts [=Hypomesus Gill [T. N.], 1862:15, Mesopus Gill [T. N.], 1862:14] Notes: [ref. 1655]. Masc. Argentina pretiosa Girard, 1854. Type by monotypy. See Mesopus Gill, 1862. Technical first reviser (if needed) selecting Hypomesus over Mesopus apparently Gill, but reference not researched. •Valid as Hypomesus Gill, 1862 -- (McAllister 1963:27 [ref. 8075], Uyeno in Masuda et al. 1984:33 [ref. 6441], Saruwatari et al. 1997:61 [ref. 23753], Dorofeeva 1998:50 [ref. 23573], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:170 [ref. 25968], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:126 [ref. 28183], Scharpf 2006:22 [ref. 30386], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:346 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Hypomesus Gill, 1862. Osmeridae. (Mesopus) [ref. 1655]. Masc. Argentina pretiosa Girard, 1854. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Introduced as a proofing error (see Jordan 1919:313 [ref. 4904]) for Hypomesus Gill on p. 15. •Objective synonym of Hypomesus Gill, 1862 -- (Saruwatari et al. 1997:59 [ref. 23753]). Current status: Synonym of Hypomesus Gill, 1862. Osmeridae.

Species Hypomesus japonicus (Brevoort, 1856) - Japanese smelt [=Osmerus japonicus Brevoort [J. C.], 1856:no page number, Pl. 10 (fig. 2), Osmerus oligodon Kner [R.], 1865:9, Pl. 4 (fig. 1), Spirinchus verecundus Jordan [D. S.] & Metz [C. W.], 1913:11, Pl. 1 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Notes on some figures of Japanese fish taken from recent specimens by the artists of the U. S. Japan Expedition. Pp. 253-288, Pls. 3-12 (color) In: M. C. Perry, Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan.; ref. 17284] Hakodate, Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. Current status: Valid as Hypomesus japonicus (Brevoort, 1856). Osmeridae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine. (oligodon) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 24; ref. 6174] Decastris Bay, Sea of Japan, northern China. Current status: Synonym of Hypomesus japonicus (Brevoort, 1856). Osmeridae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (verecundus) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 2490] Chinnampo, Korea. Current status: Synonym of Hypomesus japonicus (Brevoort, 1856). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine.

Species Hypomesus nipponensis McAllister, 1963 - wakasagi [=Hypomesus transpacificus nipponensis McAllister [D. E.], 1963:36, Fig. 11 (upper), Hypomesus chishimaensis Saruwatari [T.], Lopéz [J. A.] & Pietsch [T. W.], 1997:71, Fig. $B] Notes: [Bulletin. National Museum of Canada No. 191; ref. 8075] Lake Onuma, southern Hokkaido, Japan (species apparently introduced into Lake Onuma from Lake Akan, Hokkaido, Japan). Current status: Valid as Hypomesus nipponensis McAllister, 1963. Osmeridae. Distribution: Asia/western North Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (chishimaensis) [Species Diversity v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 23753] Lake Aliger, Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands, 44°02'48"N, 145°44'24"E, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Hypomesus nipponensis McAllister, 1963. Osmeridae. Distribution: Kuril Islands [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814) - pond smelt [=Salmo olidus Pallas [P. S.], 1814:391, Hypomesus olidus bergi Taranetz [A. Ya.], 1936:85, Salmo catervarius Pennant [T.], 1784:cxxvii, Hypomesus olidus drjagini Taranetz [A. Ya.], 1936:84, Coregonus sardinella kamtschaticus Kurenkov [I. I.] & Ostroumov [A. G.], 1965:560, Hypomesus sakhalinus Hamada [K.], 1957:137, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Rivers and lakes of Kamchatka, Russia. Current status: Valid as Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814). Osmeridae. Distribution: Arctic and North Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (bergi) [Vestnik Dal'nevostocnogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR = Bulletin of the Far Eastern Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR No. 15 (for 1935); ref. 21494] Tundra lake along the Tym River, Sakhalin Island, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (drjagini) [Vestnik Dal'nevostocnogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR = Bulletin of the Far Eastern Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR No. 15 (for 1935); ref. 21494] Kolyma River system, Arctic Ocean basin, Siberia, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (kamtschaticus) [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 25651] Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (sakhalinus) [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 5 (nos 3-6); ref. 12141] Lake Taraika, Sakhalin, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard, 1854) - surf smelt [=Argentina pretiosa Girard [C. F.], 1854:155, Osmerus oligodon Kner [R.], 1865:9, Pl. 4 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 5769] Presidio, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard, 1854). Osmeridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Hypomesus transpacificus McAllister, 1963 - delta smelt [=Hypomesus transpacificus McAllister [D. E.], 1963:34, Fig. 11 (lower)] Notes: [Bulletin. National Museum of Canada No. 191; ref. 8075] Lower San Joaquin River between Three Mile Slough and False River, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Hypomesus transpacificus McAllister, 1963. Osmeridae. Distribution: San Francisco Bay Estuary, California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

GENUS Mallotus Cuvier, 1829 - capelins [=Mallotus Cuvier [G.], 1829:305] Notes: [ref. 995]. Masc. Salmo groenlandicus Bloch, 1794 (= Clupea villosa Müller, 1776). Type by subsequent designation. Earliest subsequent designation not researched. Fowler 1974:110 [ref. 7180] and Jordan & Evermann 1896:520 [ref. 2443] list villosa as type; Cuvier includes villosa Gmelin (which apparently is villosa Müller) and groenlandicus Bloch. Jordan 1917:130 [ref. 2407] lists groenlandicus (villosa Gmelin) as type. •Valid as Mallotus Cuvier, 1829 -- (McAllister 1963:37 [ref. 8075], Kljukanov & McAllister 1973:159 [ref. 7178], McAllister in Whitehead et al. 1984:399 [ref. 13675], Uyeno in Masuda et al. 1984:33 [ref. 6441], Dorofeeva 1998:51 [ref. 23573], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:170 [ref. 25968], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:127 [ref. 28183], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:118 [ref. 31212]). Current status: Valid as Mallotus Cuvier, 1829. Osmeridae.

Species Mallotus villosus (Muller, 1776) - capelin or caplin [=Clupea villosa Müller [O. F.] (ex Olafsen), 1776:50, Salmo arcticus Fabricius [O.], 1780:177, Mallotus elongatus Mori [T.], 1930:43 [5], Salmo groenlandicus Bloch [M. E.], 1794:99, Pl. 381 (fig. 1), Salmo lodde Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:156, 219, Clupea lodna Hermann [J.] (ex Olafsen & Povelsen), 1804:316, Osmerus microdon Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848:385, Pl. 621, Salmo socialis Pallas [P. S.], 1814:389, Sudis squamosa Chapman [W. M.], 1939:519, Fig. 63, Salmo villosus Bonnaterre [J. P.], 1788:167] Notes: [Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium.; ref. 17808] Iceland. Current status: Valid as Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Distribution: Circumpolar in Northern Hemisphere [when treated as one species]. Habitat: marine. (arcticus) [Fauna groenlandica, systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiae occidentalis, etc.; ref. 17464] Western Greenland. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine. (catervarius) [Arctic zoology; ref. 18530] Kamchatka, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. (elongatus) [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 11; ref. 16505] Kei-ko, Korea. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine. (groenlandicus) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Iceland; Greenland; Norway. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine. (lodde) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Norwegian Islands; Greenland. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine. (lodna) [Observationes zoologicae; ref. 2146] Iceland. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine. (microdon) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 21; ref. 1013] From Museum of Bergen; no locality. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine. (socialis) [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Island between Asia and America; Kamtchatka, Avatscha Strait, Shusanova and Schemaetschik rivers. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine. (squamosa) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 86 (no. 3062); ref. 817] Northeastern Pacific, 56°55'N, 156°11'W. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine. (villosus) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Norwegian and Greenland seas. Current status: Synonym of Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776). Osmeridae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758 - smelts [=Osmerus (subgenus of Salmo) Linnaeus [C.], 1758:310, Eperlanus Rutty [J.], 1772:358, Eperlanus Gaimard [J. P.], 1851:Pl., Osmerus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:229] Notes: [ref. 2787]. Masc. Salmo eperlanus Linnaeus, 1758. Originally as "Osmeri" a subgroup of Salmo; with two species; made available by ICZ (Opinion 77; Direction 69). Type designated by the ICZN using plenary powers; on Official List (Opinion 77). •Valid as Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (McAllister 1963:15 [ref. 8075], Kljukanov & McAllister 1973:158 [ref. 7178], Luey et al. 1982 [ref. 6822], McAllister in Whitehead et al. 1984:401 [ref. 13675], Uyeno in Masuda et al. 1984:33 [ref. 6441], Dorofeeva 1998:51 [ref. 23573], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:170 [ref. 25968], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:128 [ref. 28183], Scharpf 2006:22 [ref. 30386], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:346 [ref. 29996], Minckley & Marsh 2009:100 [ref. 31114], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:118 [ref. 31212]). Current status: Valid as Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758. Osmeridae. (Eperlanus) [ref. 7179]. Masc. Eperlanus schonfoldii Rutty, 1772. Type by monotypy. Not available, no distinguishing features for either genus or species. •In the synonymy of Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (McAllister 1963:15 [ref. 8075], Kljukanov & McAllister 1973:158 [ref. 7178]). Current status: Synonym of Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758. Osmeridae. (Eperlanus) [ref. 1523]. Masc. Salmo eperlanus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. Not seen, quoted from Jordan 1919:249 [ref. 2410]. •Objective synonym of Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758. Osmeridae. (Osmerus) [ref. 4930]. Masc. Salmo eperlanus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by subsequent designation. ICZN Direction 69 gives authorship of this genus to Linnaeus 1758; see also Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396] who regards Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 6, 1824:204 [ref. 3853] as the first to designate the type for Osmerus Lacepède. Objective synonym of and preoccupied by Osmerus Linnaeus as validated by ICZN. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus Linnaeus, 1758. Osmeridae.

Species Osmerus dentex Steindachner & Kner, 1870 - arctic rainbow smelt [=Osmerus dentex Steindachner [F.] & Kner [R.], 1870:429 [9]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 61 (1. Abth.); ref. 4250] Decastris Bay, Tatar Strait, northern Sea of Japan. Current status: Valid as Osmerus dentex Steindachner & Kner, 1870. Osmeridae. Distribution: Eurasia and North America; Pacific and Arctic seas. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758) - European smelt [=Salmo eperlanus Linnaeus [C.], 1758:310, Osmerus abbottii Cope [E. D.], 1870:490, Osmerus dvinensis Smitt [F. A.], 1883:34, Salmo eperlanomarinus Bloch [M. E.], 1782:182, Pl. 28 (fig. 1), Osmerus eperlanus dentex natio jenisseensis Petrov [V. V.], 1925:108, Osmerus eperlanus dentex natio kaninensis Petrov [V. V.], 1927:82, Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus natio ladogensis Berg [L. S.], 1932:281, Salmo eperlanus var. marinus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:410, Eperlanus schonfieldii Kljukanov [V. A.] & McAllister [D. E.], in Hureau & Monod, 1973:158, Osmerus eperlanus schonfoldi McAllister [D. E.], in Whitehead et al., 1984:402, Osmerus eperlanus schonfoldi McAllister [D. E.], in Whitehead et al., 1984:402, Eperlanus schonfoldii Rutty [J.] 1772:358, Salmo spirinchus Pallas [P. S.], 1814:387, Eperlanus vulgaris Valenciennes [A.], in Gaimard, 1842-56:207, Pl. 18 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. Current status: Valid as Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus 1758). Osmeridae. Distribution: Northern Atlantic (including Baltic Sea, North Sea); Europe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (abbottii) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (no. 84); ref. 913] Cobessicontic Lake, Kennebec County, southwestern Maine, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (dvinensis) [Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens förhandlingar, Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien. v. 39 (no. 8) [for 1882]; ref. 18729] Dvina River, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (eperlanomarinus) [M. Marcus Elieser Bloch's ..., ausübenden Arztes zu Berlin, Oeconomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands v. 1; ref. 19643] North Sea and Baltic Sea. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (jenisseensis) [Bulletin of the Bureau of Applied Ichthyology. Leningrad v. 3; ref. 15564] Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. (kaninensis) [Trudy instituta po izucheniya Severa v. 34; ref. 21472] Also appeared in Berg 1932:279 [ref. 278]. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. (ladogensis) [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. (marinus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] North Sea. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (schonfieldii) Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. (schonfoldi) [Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean.; ref. 13675] Poland westward to British Isles. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (schonfoldii) [An essay towards a natural history of the county of Dublin v. 1; ref. 7179] Dublin, Ireland. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. (spirinchus) [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Rivers and lakes of Germany, Russia, Livonia [now Estonia and Latvia]. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (vulgaris) [Voyage de la commission scientifique du Nord; ref. 1523] Iceland [probably in error]. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. Species Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814) - rainbow smelt [=Atherina mordax Mitchill [S. L.], 1814:15, Osmerus sergeanti Norris [T.], 1868:93, Osmerus spectrum Cope [E. D.], 1870:490, Osmerus viridescens Lesueur [C. A.], 1818:230] Notes: [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814). Osmeridae. Distribution: North Atlantic and North Pacific and adjacent Arctic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (sergeanti) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 20; ref. 18480] Schuylkill River below Fairmount dam, Philadelphia; Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (spectrum) (pygmy smelt) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (no. 84); ref. 913] Wilton Pond, near the head of southwestern branch of Kennebec River, southwestern Maine, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (viridescens) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2735] Boston to Newport, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

GENUS Spirinchus Jordan & Evermann, 1896 - smelts [=Spirinchus (subgenus of Osmerus) Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] (ex Jonston), 1896:522] Notes: [ref. 2443]. Masc. Osmerus thaleichthys Ayres, 1860. Type by original designation. •Valid as Spirinchus Jordan & Evermann, 1896 -- (McAllister 1963:7 [ref. 8075], Uyeno in Masuda et al. 1984:33 [ref. 6441], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:170 [ref. 25968], Scharpf 2006:22 [ref. 30386]). Current status: Valid as Spirinchus Jordan & Evermann, 1896. Osmeridae.

Species Spirinchus lanceolatus (Hikita, 1913) - Hikita's spirinchus (author) [=Osmerus lanceolatus Hikita [T.], 1913:127, Pl. 4] Notes: [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 25 (no. 293); ref. 14959] Hokkaido, Japan. Current status: Valid as Spirinchus lanceolatus (Hikita, 1913). Osmeridae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Spirinchus starksi (Fisk, 1913) - night smelt [=Osmerus starksi Fisk [M.], 1913:293, Fig.] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 46 (no. 2027); ref. 14953] San Francisco market, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Spirinchus starksi (Fisk, 1913). Osmeridae. Distribution: Eastern North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayers, 1860) - longfin smelt [=Osmerus thaleichthys Ayres [W. O.], 1860:62, Fig. 12, Spirinchus dilatus Schultz [L. P.] & Chapman [W. M.], 1934:68, Pls. 2-3] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 2; ref. 17943] San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860). Osmeridae. Distribution: Eastern North Pacific/western North America; Alaska to California, U.S.A.; anadromous and resident lake populations. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (dilatus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 13 (no. 73); ref. 10159] 3-5 miles above mouth of Nooksack River near Ferndale, Washington, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

GENUS Thaleichthys Girard, 1858 - candlefishes [=Thaleichthys Girard [C. F.], 1858:325, Eperlanio Jordan [D. S.], 1919:341] Notes: [ref. 4911]. Masc. Thaleichthys stevensi Girard, 1858. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Thaleichthys Girard, 1858 -- (McAllister 1963:22 [ref. 8075], Stearley & Smith 1993:31 [ref. 26683], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:170 [ref. 25968], Scharpf 2006:23 [ref. 30386]). Current status: Valid as Thaleichthys Girard, 1858. Osmeridae. (Eperlanio) [ref. 2413]. Masc. Osmerus albatrossis Jordan & Gilbert, 1898. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Described as a "genus or subgenus" [of Osmerus]. •Synonym of Thaleichthys Girard, 1858 -- (McAllister 1963:22 [ref. 8075]). Current status: Synonym of Thaleichthys Girard, 1858. Osmeridae.

Species Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1837) - candlefish, oolichan, hooligan, ooligan [=Salmo (Mallotus?) pacificus Richardson [J.] (ex Gairdner), 1837:226, Osmerus albatrossis Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], in Jordan & Evermann, 1898:2823, Lestidium (Bathysudis) parri Chapman [W. M.], 1939:522, Fig. 64, Thaleichthys stevensi Girard [C. F.], 1858:325, Pl. 75 (figs. 1-4)] Notes: [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Columbia River, no higher than Katpootl, northwestern U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1837). Osmeridae. Distribution: North Pacific/North America: Bering Sea to southern California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (albatrossis) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Shelikof Straits, north of Karluk, Kodiak Island, Alaska, U.S.A., Albatross station 3675, depth 109 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1836). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (parri) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 86 (no. 3062); ref. 817] Gulf of Alaska, northeastern Pacific, 59°45'00"N, 147°00'00"W, 130-170 meters wire out. Current status: Synonym of Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1836). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (stevensi) [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] Puget Sound, Washington, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1836). Osmeridae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine ************************************************************ Unavailable names, uncertain taxa pjaoseri, Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus natio Melyantsev [V. G.] 1946:323 [Trudy Karelo-finskogo otdeleniya VNIORKH v. 2; ref. 19606] Apparently not available, infrasubspecific; from Pyaozero Lake, Karelia, Russia. •Mention -- (Berg 1948:466 [ref. 12882]). Osmeridae.