FAMILY CANTHARIDAE (Soldier )

J. McNamara

This family includes 126 species in Canada and Alaska. The adults are common on goldenrod, milkweed, and hydrangea where they feed on nectar and pollen. Most larvae are carnivorous generally preying on other soft-bodied ; a few are omnivorous, feeding on plants such as wheat, potatoes, celery, and other plants. They occur mostly beneath bark and debris. Some of the genera of Cantharidae are poorly known taxonomically, including the large genus , and are in need of revision. Fender (1962) provided keys to the species of the Pacific Northwest.

AK (15); YK (8); NT (13); BC (57); AB (20); SK (9); MB (22); ON (48); PQ (45); NB (22); NS (25); PE (1); LB (5); NF (15); I (2)

Subfamily Tribe Podabrini

Genus PODABRUS Westwood Brachynotus Kirby Malthacus Kirby Key to North American species: Fall (1927)

P. alexanderi Fender - - - - AB ------P. brevicollis Fall ------ON ------P. cavicollis cavicollis LeConte - - - BC ------P. conspiratus Fall AK - - BC ------P. deceptus W.J.Brown AK YK NT BC - - MB ------P. diadema (Fabricius) ------ON PQ NB NS - - NF P. excursus excursus Fall - - - BC AB ------P. extremus LeConte AK YK NT BC AB - MB ON - - - - LB - P. falli Hopping - - - BC AB ------P. fissilis Fall AK - - BC AB ------P. flavicollis LeConte ------ON ------P. frater LeConte ------ON ------quadricollis (Motschulsky) P. frosti Fender ------ON - NB - - - - P. fumiganus Green ------PQ NB - - - - P. furtivus Fall - - - BC ------P. heteronychus Fall AK YK NT BC AB SK MB ON PQ - - - - - P. instabilis Fall - - - BC ------P. intrusus Green ------ON PQ NB NS - - NF P. laevicollis (Kirby) AK YK NT BC AB SK MB ON PQ NB - - LB NF P. limbellus LeConte ------PQ NB - - - - P. lutosus LeConte - - - BC ------P. lygarius Fender - - - BC ------P. melvillei Fender - - - BC ------P. modestus (Say) ------ON PQ - NS - - - P. nothoides LeConte ------MB ON PQ - - - - - P. obscurevittatus Fall - YK NT BC AB SK MB ------P. pattoni LeConte ------PQ NB - - - - P. perplexus W.J.Brown AK - NT - - - MB ------P. piniphilus (Eschscholtz) AK - NT BC AB - MB - PQ - - - - - P. planulus Green ------MB ON PQ - NS - - NF P. probus Fall ------PQ - - - - - P. protensus LeConte ------ON ------P. pruinosus atrocervicus Fender - - - BC ------

P. pruinosus diversipes Fall - - - BC AB ------P. puberulus LeConte ------MB ON PQ NB NS - LB NF P. punctatus LeConte ------PQ NB NS - - - P. puncticollis (Kirby) ------PQ NB - - - - marginellus LeConte P. punctulatus LeConte ------ON PQ - - - - - P. pustulatus Fender - - - BC ------P. pygmaeus Green ------PQ - - - - - P. rossi Fender - - - BC ------P. rugosulus LeConte ------ON PQ NB NS - - - parvicollis (Motschulsky) P. scaber LeConte - - - BC AB ------P. secretus W.J.Brown ------PQ - - - - - P. sericatus (Mannerheim) AK ------P. simplex Couper ------MB ON PQ NB NS - - - P. smithi Fender - - - BC ------P. tetragonoderus Fall AK - - BC AB ------P. tomentosus (Say) ------ON ------cinereipennis Motschulsky rufiolus (Melsheimer) P. tricostatus (Say) ------ON PQ - - - - - atripes (Motschulsky) benneti (Kirby)

Tribe

Genus Märkel Key to North American species: McKey-Fender (1950)

A. bilineata (Say) ------ON PQ - NS - - - A. dentigera (LeConte) ------ON PQ - - - - - A. neglecta (Fall) ------ON PQ - - - - -

Genus Linné Cyrtomoptila Motschulsky Telephorus Schaeffer

C. alticola (LeConte) - - - BC ------C. aneba borealis McKey-Fender - - NT BC AB SK MB ------C. beta Fender - - - BC ------C. consors (LeConte) - - - BC ------tibialis (LeConte) tibiella (Gemminger) C. curtisi (Kirby) - YK NT BC AB SK MB ON PQ NB - - LB NF samouellei (Kirby) C. impressa (LeConte) ------ON PQ - NS - - - C. oregona (LeConte) - - - BC ------C. rotundicollis Say ------ON PQ NB NS - - - C. rufa Linné+ ------ON PQ NB NS PE - NF C. transmarina transmarina (Motschulsky) - - - BC ------C. transmarina scopa (LeConte) - - - BC ------C. tuberculata (LeConte) ------PQ - - - - - armigera (Couper) brevicollis (LeConte)

C. westwoodi (Kirby) ------

Genus CYRTOMOPTERA Motschulsky

C. divisa (LeConte) - - - BC ------latiuscula Motschulsky

Genus RHAXONYCHA Motschulsky Key to North American species: McKey-Fender (1950)

R. bilobata (McKey-Fender) ------MB ON PQ - - - - - R. carolina (Fabricius) ------ON PQ - - - - - jactata (Say)

Genus Eschscholtz Key to North American species: Green (1940)

R. alaskensis Fender AK ------R. anthracina Mannerheim AK ------R. costipennis (LeConte) ------ON ------R. excavata (LeConte) - - - BC - - MB ON PQ - NS - - - R. fraxini (Say) AK - - BC AB - MB ON PQ - NS - - NF atra (Kirby) binodula Mannerheim nigrita (LeConte) R. fulva (Scopoli)+ - - - BC ------R. gilvipes (Gemminger) - - NT - ? ------dichroa (LeConte) flavipes (LeConte) R. imbecillis (LeConte) ------ON - - - - - NF albolineata (Blatchley) R. luteicollis (Germar) ------ON ------cinctella (LeConte) R. mandibularis (Kirby) AK YK NT BC AB SK MB - PQ - - - LB NF nigritula (LeConte) R. mollis mollis Fall - - - - - SK - ON - - NS - - NF nigriceps (LeConte) pusilla (LeConte) R. nanula (LeConte) ------NS - - - R. oriflava (LeConte) ------ON ------R. recta (Melsheimer) - - - BC AB - - ON PQ - NS - - NF pusilla (LeConte) rufipes (Say) R. scitula (Say) ------PQ - NS - - - R. septentrionis (Green) ------MB ON ------R. sylvatica (Green) ------ON ------R. tantilla (LeConte) - - - - - SK ------pusio (LeConte) R. vilis (LeConte) ------ON PQ - - - - - R. walshi (LeConte) ------MB ------

Tribe Silini

Genus POLEMIUS LeConte

P. canadensis W.J.Brown ------NB NS - - - P. laticornis (Say) ------ON ------dubius (Melsheimer) incisus LeConte invalidus (Say) undulatus (LeConte)

Genus SILIS Charpentier Key to North American species: Green (1966)

(subgenus SILIS s.str.)

S. atra LeConte - - NT ------S. difficilis difficilis LeConte - YK NT BC AB SK MB - PQ NB - - - - S. insperata Green - - - BC ------S. lecontei Green - - - BC ------S. lutea LeConte - - - BC ------pallens LeConte S. pallida Mannerheim AK - - BC ------S. parallela Green - - - BC ------S. percomis (Say) ------ON PQ NB NS - - - curta (LeConte) longicornis LeConte S. spinigera LeConte - - - BC ------minuta LeConte S. striatella Green - - - BC ------

(subgenus DITEMNUS LeConte)

S. bidentata (Say) ------PQ - - - - - S. latiloba Blatchley ------MB ------

Tribe Malthinini

Genus MALTHINUS Latreille Key to North American species: Fender (1972)

M. occipitalis LeConte ------ON PQ - - - - -

Genus MALTHODES Kiesenwetter Key to North American species: Fender (1951)

M. abruptus Fender - - - BC ------M. acuticauda Fender - - - BC ------M. alexanderi Fender - - - BC ------M. bakeri Fender - - - BC AB ------M. canadensis Fender - - - BC ------M. columbiensis Fender - - - BC ------M. fragilis (LeConte) ------ON PQ NB NS - - - transversus (LeConte)

M. fuliginosus fuliginosus LeConte ------PQ NB NS - - - M. fuliginosus flavicollis Fender ------NS - - - M. intricatus Fender - - - BC AB ------M. macnabi Fender - - - BC ------M. medioccidens Fender ------ON ------M. niger (LeConte) ------PQ NB - - - NF M. oregonus Fender - - - BC ------M. parvulus (LeConte) ------ON PQ NB NS - - NF M. piceolus Fall - - - BC ------M. piperi Fender - - - BC ------M. similis Fender ------ON - - NS - - - M. stacesmithi Fender - - - BC ------M. terraenovae Fender ------NF

Subfamily CHAULIOGNATHINAE Tribe Chauliognathini

Genus CHAULIOGNATHUS Hentz Key to North American species: Fender (1964)

C. pennsylvanicus (DeGeer) ------MB ON ------bimaculatus (Fabricius)

Tribe Ichthyurini

Genus TRYPHERUS LeConte Lygerus Kiesenwetter Key to North American species: Fender (1960)

T. frisoni Fender ------ON ------