DOCSLIB.ORG

Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 25

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 25 32. COMMENTS ON LEG 25 SITES IN RELATION TO THE CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE STRATIGRAPHY IN THE EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN AFRICA COAST AND MADAGASCAR REGIONAL SETTING Jacques Sigal, Institut François du Pétrole, Rueü-Malmaison, France INTRODUCTION The biostratigraphic columns have been given for each site (Chapters 2-10). The distribution (and the recovery The holes drilled during Leg 25 show a large degree of rates) of the cores, the paleontologic zones which have been diversity. Each had its own objectives and revealed its own recognized (planktonic and benthonic foraminifera and stratigraphic findings. They provided some understanding calcareous nannofossils), and the geochronologic scale are of the nature and age of the deposits and, possibly of the given in these columns. substratum. It is the purpose of this paper to place them in It was not possible, because of the time allowed, to write a regional setting and to compare them by enlarging the a paleontologic-taxonomic paper on the foraminifera and comparative framework. This wide geologic framework can ostracod assemblages to be included in the Initial Report. provide useful data for the interpretation of seismic However, many results are new because some drilled profiles. sequences were originally deposited in a particular realm Holes will be compared in three ways, depending on the (very austral for Site 245 for instance) and their available data: (1) with data from onshore field monographic study would require much more time. observations (sedimentary fringe of African and Madagascar Plates 1 through 11 illustrate the more important coastal "basins," and coastal boreholes) or from offshore chronostratigraphic species which support the recognized observations (offshore boreholes); (2) with considerations conventional zones or chronostratigraphic determinations. linked to hypotheses about plate tectonics; and (3) with Their purpose is essentially to justify the bio- major geological or diastrophic events. chronostratigraphic data on which the delimitations of the This comparison covers a large area over which a great drilled sequences and intercalated hiatuses are based. Also, variety of sedimentary facies is represented. In most areas, they support the paleogeographic frame in which the sites published data are sparse. Also, the data which are available and the surrounding sedimentary areas can be compared. do not all have the same comparative value because they The identified parts and the hiatuses of the stratigraphic not only were obtained progressively as years went by, but columns are given in Figure 1, based on their actual range in also by different techniques. Within the limited space the scale of "absolute" ages. The figure attempts to show, available, I have tried to avoid the two major pitfalls that for each site, those parts of the stratigraphic column which can waylay any such undertaking, i.e., altering the data were not recognized. They may thus correspond either to through diagrammatic formulating, and writing a report on gaps, i.e., nondeposition or erosion, or they may correspond regional geology. An attempt to avoid these dangers was to condensed sequences, as it has been emphasized by Le- made by limiting the comparisons to a certain number of claire in the aforementioned chapter. Very probably both crucial problems that concern the drilled sites. explanations must be considered, depending on the site, as I have tried to overcome the handicap of not having it is evident that these "hiatuses" actually occur in very dif- direct personal knowledge about the regions involved by ferent paleogeographic environments. exchanging opinions and publications with various The hiatuses are included in a scale of measured ages in colleagues who have been kind enough to assist me and to order to give the most accurate presentation of data whom I willingly extend my thanks. These include H. possible. Moreover, the "absolute" age of the lower and Besairie (Tananarive), G. Flores (Florence), G. Blant upper limits of the hiatuses, as they can be deduced from (Entreprise de Recherches et d'Activités Pétrolières, Paris), the biochronologic data, is given. These determinations are Compagnie Francaise des Pétroles (P. Burollet, Ph. Dufaure, the basic elements which enable sedimentation rates to be Cl.de Lapparent, Ph. Trouvé), M Collignon (Gières, France), calculated. and A. Balduzzi (A.G.I.P., Milano). BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC RESULTS LEG 25 SITES IN A REGIONAL SETTING Discussions of the major stratigraphic problems which have been selected for this chapter are based on three kinds Introduction of data: (l)the biostratigraphic columns of the different sites; (2) the photographic plates showing the most During stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of the Leg important species of foraminifera; and (3) a table of the 25 sites, several problems became apparent. This part of the sequences which have been dated and the hiatuses which paper isolates some of the more important ones and are either demonstrated or suspected. The following discusses each in a regional setting. These settings have been discussion is based on these data. reconstructed for the various periods under discussion. 687 oo m.y. ex approx. U0 239 240-A 241 O 242 > PLIOCENE-QUAT. 5.5 \ NN11 late 10 NN10 MIOCENE middle 16 N12, NN7 early- \ 22.5 NP25 NP25 A late 24.5-26 OLIGOCENE 30 I 7 • no middle I corer s èàTTv~ 35 f 37.5 f2 late NP20 43 37.5-38.5 P15 EOCENE middle t? 49 ^50 (bottom) early 52:53.5 53.5 ?P4 late 58-5-59.5 BasaltNP12 PALEOCENE 60 56-58 early NP2-3 P1 NP3 65- 61-64 B^U Ma. 71-72 Ma 70 L. Ca CaT Ca 76 Basalt ^71-73 Sa. Late 82 CRETACEOUS 38 Tu. t? 94 (bottom) Ce. 100 Alb. 106 Apt. - 112 Early Ba CRETACEOUS 118 Ha. 124 Val. 130 Be. 136 JURASSIC Basalt Figure 1. Identified parts and inferred hiatuses of the stratigraphic column from Early Cretaceous to Recent (scale in million years). CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE STRATIGRAPHY Figure 2 portrays the region 120 m.y. ago, during the Early Early Cretaceous. This hole encountered Late and then Cretaceous. Figure 4 is a 75 m.y. reconstruction of the Late Middle Jurassic having the particular feature, as opposed to Cretaceous and Figures 5 and 6 are reconstructions of the series of the same age outcropping in Madagascar, of middle Tertiary, 45 and 36 m.y. ago, respectively. Figure 3 containing small doleritic sills or effusive flows. is of Madagascar as it appears today with notations of cited localities. Neocomian-Early Cretaceous at Site 249 The occasional affinities and communities of microfauna Comments on the Marine Late Jurassic mentioned in relation to this site lead one first to turn The Jurassic was not reached in any of the boreholes. It toward Madagascar for our comparison. is fairly certain that it does not exist at Site 249 (at least in Generally speaking, within the regional setting with the sediment column) despite the fact that the great which we are concerned here (Figure 2), the Cretaceous thickness attributed to the Neocomian might suggest its marks a new invasion of the sea on the African craton. This presence. was in the form of a transgression which was quite In the vicinity of Site 249, the Jurassic of Mozambique extensive although less widespread than the one in the late and South Africa should be taken into consideration. In lias-Middle Jurassic time interval. Mozambique however, the late Jurassic that has been recognized is located far north of Site 249. Moreover, doubt is cast on this age by G. Flores (1972) because he Comparison with the West Coast of Madagascar does not believe that the lamellibranch macrofauna are It can be assumed that during the Early Cretaceous the conclusive proof for that age. A deeper hole at Site 242, respective depositional realms for Madagascar and Site 249 perhaps, would have penetrated such old sediments. In were geographically quite close, as suggested by the southern Tanzania, the late Kimmeridgian and Tithonian paleogeographic reconstruction maps published by various also exist. Many authors attribute the role during authors and as we mentioned in a publication several years Cretaceous time of a barrier to the Mozambique axis that is ago (Sigal et al., 1970). It is customary to distinguish the assumed to have limited the south-southwest extension of two basins of Majunga (with its northern extension toward the Lias and middle and late Jurassic deposits which are Diego) and Morondava (with its southern extension toward quite extensive in Tanzania and Madagascar. Cap Sainte Marie) (Figure 3). In South Africa, the marine Jurassic (probably In the Majunga Basin, the Early Cretaceous sequence is Callovian) was recently identified for the first time (Dingle quite different from that at Site 249, first, because of the and Klinger, 1971) west of Knysna. It was in the form of absence of the intervention of continental facies south of sandy and conglomeratic fluviatile deposits associated with the Betsiboka River, and second, because of the absence of a few shallow-marine sandy deposits. Judging from these volcanic rocks. However, several species, especially among sediments, this appears to represent a marine incursion of the ostracods, show an affinity. Hence, a biological the paralic type, perhaps leading to sediment fill in the similarity is shown even though the deposits and geological troughs which were the first signs of the great fractures that history are different. Also, from the biological standpoint, would later break up the Gondwana continent. it should be added that the foraminiferal microfauna at Site 249, like those in the Algoa Basin, apparently correspond Basement of the Neocomian: the Eruptive Rock to warmer areas. at Site 249 In the Morondava Basin, a similar comparison cannot be Based on what is known onshore in the southern basin in made from the biological standpoint because of insufficient Mozambique, three possibilities for the eruptive rock at Site data.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
    ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra,
    [Show full text]
  • Small Hydro Resource Mapping in Madagascar
    Public Disclosure Authorized Small Hydro Resource Mapping in Madagascar INCEPTION REPORT [ENGLISH VERSION] August 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared by SHER Ingénieurs-Conseils s.a. in association with Mhylab, under contract to The World Bank. It is one of several outputs from the small hydro Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning [Project ID: P145350]. This activity is funded and supported by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), a multi-donor trust fund administered by The World Bank, under a global initiative on Renewable Energy Resource Mapping. Further details on the initiative can be obtained from the ESMAP website. This document is an interim output from the above-mentioned project. Users are strongly advised to exercise caution when utilizing the information and data contained, as this has not been subject to full peer review. The final, validated, peer reviewed output from this project will be a Madagascar Small Hydro Atlas, which will be published once the project is completed. Copyright © 2014 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK Washington DC 20433 Telephone: +1-202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the consultants listed, and not of World Bank staff. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use.
    [Show full text]
  • The South West Madagascar Tortoise Survey Project End of Phase 2 Preliminary Report to Donors and Supporters
    The South West Madagascar Tortoise Survey Project End of Phase 2 Preliminary Report to Donors and Supporters Southern Madagascar Tortoise Conservation Project Preliminary Donor Report –RCJ Walker 2010 The species documented within this report have suffered considerably at the hands of commercial reptile collectors in recent years. Due to the sensitive nature of some information detailing the precise locations of populations of tortoises contained within this report, the author asks that any public dissemination, of the locations of these rare animals be done with discretion. Cover photo: Pyxis arachnoides arachnoides; all photographs by Ryan Walker and Brain Horne Summary • This summary report documents phase two of the South West Madagascar Tortoise Survey Project (formally the Madagascar Spider Tortoise Conservation and Science Project). The project has redirected focus during this second phase, to concentrate research and survey effort for both of southern Madagascar’s threatened tortoise species; Pyxis arachnoides and Astrocheys radiata. • The aims and objectives of this three phase project, were developed during the 2008 Madagascar Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle IUCN/SSC Red Listing and Conservation Planning Meeting held in Antananarivo, Madagascar. • This project now has five research objectives: o Establish the population density and current range of the remaining populations of P. arachnoides and radiated tortoise A. radiata. o Assess the response of the spider tortoises to anthropogenic habitat disturbance and alteration. o Assess the extent of global internet based trade in Madagascar’s four endemic, Critically Endangered tortoise species. o Assess the poaching pressure placed on radiated tortoises for the local tortoise meat trade. o Carry out genetic analysis on the three subspecies of spider tortoise and confirm that they are indeed three subspecies and at what geographical point one sub species population changes into another.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Selected by the CITES Plants Committee Following Cop14
    PC19 Doc. 12.3 Annex 3 Review of Significant Trade: Species selected by the CITES Plants Committee following CoP14 CITES Project No. S-346 Prepared for the CITES Secretariat by United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre PC19 Doc. 12.3 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org ABOUT UNEP-WORLD CONSERVATION CITATION MONITORING CENTRE UNEP-WCMC (2010). Review of Significant Trade: The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Species selected by the CITES Plants Committee Centre (UNEP-WCMC), based in Cambridge, following CoP14. UK, is the specialist biodiversity information and assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), run PREPARED FOR cooperatively with WCMC, a UK charity. The CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Centre's mission is to evaluate and highlight the many values of biodiversity and put authoritative biodiversity knowledge at the DISCLAIMER centre of decision-making. Through the analysis The contents of this report do not necessarily and synthesis of global biodiversity knowledge reflect the views or policies of UNEP or the Centre provides authoritative, strategic and contributory organisations. The designations timely information for conventions, countries employed and the presentations do not imply and organisations to use in the development and the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on implementation of their policies and decisions. the part of UNEP or contributory organisations The UNEP-WCMC provides objective and concerning the legal status of any country, scientifically rigorous procedures and services. territory, city or area or its authority, or These include ecosystem assessments, support concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or for the implementation of environmental boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Expanded PDF Profile
    Profile Year: 2001 People and Language Detail Report Language Name: Malagasy, Masikoro ISO Language Code: msh The Masikoro of Madagascar The name Masikoro [mASikUr] was first used to indicate all the different clans subdued by a prominent dynasty, the Andrevola, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, just south of the Onilahy river to the Fiherenana river. The name later became restricted to those living between the Onilahy and the Mangoky rivers. Some use the name Masikoro to distinguish the people of the interior from the Vezo on the coast, but the Masikoro themselves, when prompted, strongly distance themselves from the Vezo in terms of custom, language and behavior. Closer to the Masikoro than the Vezo are the Tañalaña (South) and the Bara (towards the North and East). In literature the Masikoro are often counted among the southern Sakalava with whom many similarities can be drawn. Masikoro land is a region of difficult access, often experiencing drought. The people are agro-pastoral. A diversity of agricultural activities are practiced (rice, beans, cotton, maize, manioc) and cattle raising is very important (more than two heads of cattle per inhabitant). Recently rampant cattle-rustling is causing many Masikoro to reduce their cattle herds. They are hard-working and these days have very little leisure time. The Masikoro are a proud people, characteristically rural. Ancestral traditions are held high among them as is correct language use for specific situations, which automatically grades the speaker as one who shows respect or who does not. It is Primary Religion: a dishonor for them to be dirty and they can be recognized by the way they dress.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 9 Fishes
    Chapter 9 Fishes Introduction to the Freshwater Fishes J. S. Sparks and M. L. J. .Stiassny Alrhough many of Madagascar's rcrrestrial vertebrares have knowledge persist. Finally, in the face of the current rate of been studied in great decail, parricularly the lemurs, very aquatic habitat degradation in M·adagascar, we present our little up-to-date information is availa ble for the highly vicw of the future of the island's freshwater ichthyofauna. threatened freshwater fishes native to the island. This intro­ In many ways Madagascar possesses a typical island duction provides a summary of Madagascar's native fresh­ ichthyofauna, but it is also one that differs in certain re­ water fishes and an update on the current state of knowl­ spects because of its continemal (Gondwanan) origin. Like edgc regarding the origins, composition, biogeography, those of many true oceanic islands, Madagascar's na­ and relationships of this ali but neglected vertebratc buna. tive ichthyofauna is relatively depauperate at broad taxo­ We do not attempt a summary of the hydrology, limnology, nomie levels when compared with those of much larger, or conservation status of Madagascar's aquaric resources geogmphically more diverse continentallandmasses (table here, as these have bcen presented in detail elsewhere 9.1). However, bascd on the revised totals presented herein (e.g., Battistini and Richard-Vindard 1972; Chaperon et al. and considering the surface arca of the island, the notion of 1993; Riseng 1997; Wright 1997; Benstead et al. 2000). a depauperate ichthyofauna at the species leve! for Mada­ Herein wc focus on patterns of fish diversity and distribu­ gascar is no longer tenable (e.g., Kiener 1963; Kiener and tion and the historical geological events that have shaped Richard-Vindard 1972; Jenkins 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Special Publications Museum of Texas Tech University Number 49 1 September 2006
    II ||I] TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Natural Science Research Laboratory Special Publications Museum of Texas Tech University Number 49 1 September 2006 Molecular and Morphological Analyses of the Sportive Lemurs (Family Megaladapidae: Genus Lepilemur) Reveals 11 Previously Unrecognized Species Edward E. Louis, Jr., etal. Front cover: Current distribution of the sportive lemurs of Madagascar based on molecular data. Figure prepared by Kelly Herrington, Shannon Engberg, and Runhua Lei. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Museum of Texas Tech University Number 49 Molecular and Morphological Analyses of the Sportive Lemurs (Family Megaladapidae: Genus Lepilemur) Reveals 11 Previously Unrecognized Species Edward E. Louis, Jr., Shannon E. Engberg, Runhua Lei’ Huimin Geng, Julie A. Sommer, Richard Randriamampionona, Jean C. Randriamanana, John R. Zaonarivelo, Rambinintsoa Andriantompohavana, Gisele Randria, Prosper, Borome Ramaromilanto, Gilbert Rakotoarisoa, Alejandro Rooney, and Rick A. Brenneman Henry Doorly Zoo, University of Nebraska Medical Center and School of Biological Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, and US. Department of Agriculture Layout and Design: Jacqueline Chavez Cover Design: Kelly Herrington, Shannon Engberg, and Runhua Lei Copyright 2006, Museum of Texas Tech University All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including electronic storage and retrieval systems, except by explicit, prior written permission of the publisher. This book was set in Times New Roman and printed on acid-free paper that meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Printed: 1 September 2006 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University, Number 49 Series Editor: Robert J.
    [Show full text]
  • 45 ASCLME CLA Madagascar Final Draft 9-02-2011.Pdf
    COASTAL LIVELIHOODS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MADAGASCAR GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystems (ASCLME) project is focused on the two large marine ecosystems of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region, covering nine countries that are directly influenced by these current systems. It is estimated that at least fifty-six million people are reliant either directly or indirectly on the goods and services provided by these two current systems. The ASCLME project aims to support these countries in their efforts to collectively manage the marine resources on which their people and economies depend. Fisheries and other key coastal activities, including various forms of tourism, aquaculture, shipping and coastal transport, the energy sector, agriculture and forestry, are very important contributors to the economies of the countries of the WIO. In recognition of the complexity and importance of these activities, a Coastal Livelihoods Assessment (CLA) component was developed for the ASCLME project. The CLA component had three main objectives: to collect as much existing information as possible about the main coastal activities in the nine participating countries as a contribution to the national Marine Ecosystem Diagnostic Analyses (MEDAs); to make input into ensuring that this information is stored and organised in a manner that will allow easy access and maximum utility to multiple stakeholders, both during and after the lifetime of the ASCLME Project; to review and sythesise the information collected in order to provide useful inputs to the TDA and SAP processes. In order to achieve these objectives, the CLA component was separated into three distinct phases, with the first phase kicking off in May 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • The Culture History of Madagascar
    Journal of World Prehistory, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1993 The Culture History of Madagascar Robert E. Dewar 1'3 and Henry T. Wright 2 Madagascar's culture is a unique fusion of elements drawn from the western, northern, and eastern shores of the Indian Ocean, and its past has fascinated man)' scholars, yet systematic archaeological research is relatively recent on the island. The oldest traces of visitors are from the first century AD. Coastal settlements, with clear evidence of ties to the western Indian Ocean trading network, were established in several places over the next millennium. Important environmental changes of both plant and animal communities are documented over this period, including the extinctions of almost all large animal species. Urban life in Madagascar began with the establishment of the entrepOt of Mahi- laka on the northwest coast of the island in the twelfth century. At about the same time, communities with ties to the trade network were established around the island's coasts. From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, social hier- archies developed in several regions of the island. During the succeeding two centuries, Madagascar saw the development of state polities. KEY WORDS: Madagascar; prehistory; East Africa; Indian Ocean. INTRODUCTION Madagascar has long fascinated archaeologists. However, surprisingly little archaeological research has been undertaken until recently. Its culture history offers an important comparative case for many important issues--the role and process of migrations in prehistory, the origins of states, over exploitation and "overkill" by foragers, and human agricultural impact on environments, among ~Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269.
    [Show full text]
  • THE STATUS and DISTRIBUTION of Freshwater Biodiversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot
    THE THE STATUs aNd dISTRIBUtION OF STAT U Freshwater biodIversIty in MadagasCar s a N aNd the INdIaN OCeaN IslaNds hOtspOt d d I STR Edited by Laura Máiz-Tomé, Catherine Sayer and William Darwall IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit, Global Species Programme IBU t ION OF F OF ION RESHWATER N ds a BIO I N d I ar ar VERS d C N I TY IN IN sla Madagas I N C ar a ar N ea d the I the d d the I the d C N N d Madagas a O I a N O C ea N I sla N IUCN h ds Rue Mauverney 28 CH-1196 Gland O Switzerland tsp Tel: + 41 22 999 0000 Fax: + 41 22 999 0015 O www.iucn.org/redlist t the IUCN red list of threatened speciestM www.iucnredlist.org THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF freshwater biodiversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands hotspot Edited by Laura Máiz-Tomé, Catherine Sayer and William Darwall IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit, Global Species Programme The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, or other participating organisations. This publication has been made possible by funding from The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. Published by: IUCN Cambridge, UK in collaboration with IUCN Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2018 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepilemur, Primates)
    Andriaholinirina, N; Fausser, J L; Roos, C; Zinner, D; Thalmann, U; Rabarivola, C K; Ravoarimanana, I; Ganzhorn, J U; Meier, B; Hilgartner, R; Walter, L; Zaramody, A; Langer, C; Hahn, T; Zimmermann, E; Radespiel, U; Craul, M; Tomiuk, J; Tattersall, I; Rumpler, Y. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the sportive lemurs (Lepilemur, Primates). BMC Evol. Biol. 2006, 6:17. Postprint available at: University of Zurich http://www.zora.unizh.ch Zurich Open Repository and Archive Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.unizh.ch Winterthurerstr. 190 Originally published at: BMC Evol. Biol. 2006, 6:17 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.unizh.ch Year: 2006 Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the sportive lemurs (Lepilemur, Primates) Andriaholinirina, N; Fausser, J L; Roos, C; Zinner, D; Thalmann, U; Rabarivola, C K; Ravoarimanana, I; Ganzhorn, J U; Meier, B; Hilgartner, R; Walter, L; Zaramody, A; Langer, C; Hahn, T; Zimmermann, E; Radespiel, U; Craul, M; Tomiuk, J; Tattersall, I; Rumpler, Y Andriaholinirina, N; Fausser, J L; Roos, C; Zinner, D; Thalmann, U; Rabarivola, C K; Ravoarimanana, I; Ganzhorn, J U; Meier, B; Hilgartner, R; Walter, L; Zaramody, A; Langer, C; Hahn, T; Zimmermann, E; Radespiel, U; Craul, M; Tomiuk, J; Tattersall, I; Rumpler, Y. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the sportive lemurs (Lepilemur, Primates). BMC Evol. Biol. 2006, 6:17. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.unizh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.unizh.ch Originally published at: BMC Evol. Biol. 2006, 6:17 Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the sportive lemurs (Lepilemur, Primates) Abstract BACKGROUND: The number of species within the Malagasy genus Lepilemur and their phylogenetic relationships is disputed and controversial.
    [Show full text]
  • SUPPLY and MARKET OUTLOOK Madagascar March 27, 2019
    SUPPLY AND MARKET OUTLOOK March 27, 2019 Madagascar Figure 1. Rice (milled), maize, and cassava production, 2012-2018 KEY MESSAGES • The three main staple foods in Madagascar are rice, cassava, and maize. This Supply and Market Outlook report provides as update on market conditions during the 2018/19 (April/March) marketing year (MY). In general, 2018 cereal production in Madagascar remained below average, recovering slightly from the low levels experienced in 2017 (Figure 1). At the national level, production of all three main staples decreased compared to the five-year average (Table 1). • Despite these broad national trends, there were minor changes in the spatial distribution of surpluses between Note: All quantities are expressed in cereal equivalent terms (CEQ) Source: Author’s calculations based on Ministry of Agriculture data the 2017 (FEWS NET) and 2018 harvests. Regions in the Figure 2. Surplus producing regions, 2018 northwest remained surplus in maize production. Cassava production remained strongest in the south- central highlands, and notably recovered in Vatovavy- Fitovinavy Region in the southeast. Rice production recovered to a small degree from 2017 production levels with surpluses in typically strong performing Boeny and Alaotra-Mangoro Regions, and the central highlands (Figure 2). Although well-supplied rice marketing chains expanded, this was not adequate to fully cover the national staple food deficit and MY 2018/19 rice imports are expected at 530,000 MT. • Anosy, Androy, and Atsimo-Andrefana Regions, collectively known as the Grand Sud, as well as Vatovavy-Fitovinany and Atsimo-Atsinanana Regions, referred to as the Sud Est, remain food security areas of concern.
    [Show full text]