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{DOWNLOAD} Crime, Law and Justice in New Zealand Pdf Free CRIME, LAW AND JUSTICE IN NEW ZEALAND PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Greg Newbold | 296 pages | 17 Jun 2016 | Taylor & Francis Ltd | 9781138192416 | English | London, United Kingdom Crime, Law and Justice in New Zealand by Greg Newbold, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® This is written by a Professor at my own University, the University of Canterbury,Christchurch,New Zealand, and although it causes me great pain to say this, this is a very poor work. Fortunately Professor Newbold is nothing at all to do with my department. He is in sociology. The scholarship in his piece is pitiful. I explain at length to my students why it is poor scholarship to use Wikipedia as a reputable reference. However, Professor Newbold seems to have no such qualms, even though this is This is written by a Professor at my own University, the University of Canterbury,Christchurch,New Zealand, and although it causes me great pain to say this, this is a very poor work. However, Professor Newbold seems to have no such qualms, even though this is being peddled as a text book. But rather than use adults with peer reviewed work of their own, Prof Newbold regularly appeals to what are most likely white male school children from Wikipedia to back up his opinions. And the opinions are of even greater concern than the scholarship. The comments about women and rape claims also concerning, and unverifiable. If you want to read about crime in New Zealand, and are interested in a thoughtful and deep analysis of our society, this is an example of what underlies our many problems, not an example of a what might be a thoughtful solution. Oct 26, Babelbooks rated it did not like it. Those who read it should carefully check references and watch for bias. You go to the references and cite those. And if you cite a website, you are supposed to include the date you looked it up in case the site changes. One article was cited in the book several times but has since been almost completely deleted from Wikipedia. This is confusing. And some sources are missing , like for historical information. But newer research shows the colonisers had biases in their research. Charged language is used against women. No offence disclosed cases are conflated with false accusations. Vague statements about police and the percentage of false complaints are made on the basis of single, old newspaper articles. In conclusion, this book is missing objective analysis and proper data or references in several places. You wonder what other books from Routledge might be slipping through the cracks. Criminal offences related to specific situations also appear in other legislation, such as the Misuse of Drugs Act for drug offences and the Land Transport Act for traffic offences. Less serious breaches of the law are dealt with under legislation such as the Summary Offences Act , where penalties are more often a fine or other community sanctions rather than imprisonment. The age of criminal responsibility in New Zealand is 10 years, however children aged 10 and 11 can only be convicted of murder and manslaughter, while children aged 12 and 13 can only be convicted of a crime with a maximum sentence of 14 years or more imprisonment. Local councils and other individuals appointed by the Police Commissioner also have the power to enforce laws and bylaws. First offenders charged with minor crimes and accepting full responsibility of their actions are considered for the New Zealand Police Adult Diversion Scheme. Given offenders agree to the conditions of diversion which usually involves a written agreement tailored to change the offending behaviour , the offender may have the charge withdrawn. FGCs may be invoked in a variety of scenarios including when the police has the intention to charge a child or a young person, when a child or young person is appearing before a court and does not deny the charge, following a prosecution in which the child is found guilty and in other specialised cases. Following the filing of charges, a trial will be held at a court administered by the Ministry of Justice. The type of court the case is held at and whether the trial is held by jury or by a judge is determined by the severity of the offense and the age of the accused. The severity of an offence is define by the Criminal Procedures Act as described below: [13]. There are numerous types of sentences which judges may impose on those found guilty of an offense. The type of setence imposed typically depends on the severity of the offending, the interests of the victim, consistency with sentences imposed for similar offending and the personal circumstances of the offender. Life imprisonment is the severest form of punishment in New Zealand since the abolition of the death penalty in It is the mandatory sentence for treason , the presumptive sentence for murder , [16] and an optional sentence for terrorism, manslaughter and certain drug-related offences. People sentenced to life imprisonment remain in prison or on parole for the remainder of their life. Most people sentenced to life imprisonment can apply for parole after a minimum non-parole period set by the sentencing judge; no person in New Zealand has yet been sentenced to life without the possibility of parole. The default minimum non-parole period for murder is 10 years, [17] increasing to 17 years for aggravated murders. Prison sentences are administred by the Department of Corrections in correctional facilities. As of August , New Zealand has 18 correctional facilities, 15 for male prisoners located from Kaikohe to Invercargill, and three for female prisoners located in the main centres of Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. Crime-related statistics are publicly available from the New Zealand Police's policedata. Police also regularly release media statements and other information to inform the public about crime. Statistics New Zealand sets standards for collecting crime data, and collates statistical data from the Police , Department of Corrections and Ministry of Justice. Each department also publicly publishes their own statistical data. Many crimes,especially sexual crimes and violence, go unreported and consequently do not appear in official statistics. Statistics reported in headlines that previously indicated that crime rates were rising or falling do not reflect reality because most crime is not reported to Police and a lot of crime that is reported does not appear in statistics that Police produce. Victim surveys tend to suggest that less than a third of 'crime' is actually reported to Police which is consistent with victimisation surveys in similar countries such as Australia , Britain and the United States. Changes in the legal definition of an offense, the resourcing of the police, methods of counting and police practices have affected the recorded levels of crime. Two examples of changes which have had a statistically significant effect on the recorded crime include a new measurement crime measurent series introduced in and a change of the computer crime recording system in Despite different means of measuring crime, the statistics show that the reported crime rates in New Zealand were low for the first half of the 20th century - but rose steeply from , peaking in , and has steadily declined since then. The crime rate has continued to decline in the twenty-first century. In , the number of murders in New Zealand dropped by nearly a quarter over the previous year from 65 to 46 , while overall reported crime fell 6. Homicide and related offending dropped by The total number of offences in was the lowest since , and gave the lowest crime rate per head of population since before electronic records were maintained. However, this doesn't necessarily mean crime actually dropped. Deputy Police Commissioner Viv Rickard said "This decrease appears to be partly due to the public not wanting to bother us with minor matters when they knew we were dealing with the earthquake. For the 12 months ending 31 December , New Zealand Police recorded , total victimisations, a decrease of 2. Theft victimisations reduced by 0. Burglary victimisations decreased by 6. There has been much speculation about the causes of the decrease in crime rates. The impact of economic downturns, unemployment rates, local disasters, better security, changing demographic patterns, increased policing and various changes in the culture and life-style have all been examined. Collectively, all these factors may play a part. Sir David Carruthers , a former Chief District Court Judge and now head of the Independent Police Conduct Authority , says the drop in the crime rate in New Zealand is partly due to a drive to reduce the number of teenagers being suspended or expelled from school. Education Ministry figures show that school suspension rates have been declining for at least 12 years, from 7. Recent changes in police strategy have also reduced the number of prosecutions in the past two years. Police are using diversion and warnings more frequently instead of charging minor offenders and are issuing safety orders for less serious domestic situations — which allow an offender to be ordered out of the house for up to five days without recording this as an offence. The warnings are most commonly used to resolve disorderly behaviour and breach of liquor ban offences. Most of these incidents In mid , the Ministry of Justice and Colmar Brunton conducted a survey of 2, New Zealanders about their perceptions of crime and the criminal justice sector. They concluded: [40]. New Zealanders' perceptions of safety differ to the way the country is perceived internationally. According to the Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International, New Zealand is the least corrupt nation in the world. As financial-crime can be complex Blue-collar,White-collar, Fraud, tax evasion, etc.
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