Maori and the Media

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Maori and the Media http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. The Portrayal of Maori Offenders by the Media A thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree Of Masters of Social Sciences At The University of Waikato By HEATHER FARR THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO Te Whare Wananga o Waikato 2019 1 Abstract In this study I examine the dominant discourses represented in the print and internet media reporting of offending by Maori. The purpose of which is to analyse the dominant discourse and subject positions associated with offending by Maori. Foucault Discourse Analysis was utilised whereby the data was collected through articles printed in the New Zealand Herald and the Dominion Post. This study suggests that there are multiple and complex factors relating to Maori offending, whereby reporting about Maori offending is presented from a mainstream worldview. 2 Contents page Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 2 Contents page ...................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 5 Figures and Tables .............................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 10 Historical overview of Maori lore and law ................................................................... 10 Pre-contact period notions of Maori lore .................................................................. 10 Imposition of a new Colonial Law ............................................................................ 11 1900-1990 ................................................................................................................. 14 The contemporary impact of colonisation on Maori Offending ............................... 17 Contemporary Maori offending statistics ..................................................................... 19 Maori Incarceration ................................................................................................... 19 Community based offending ..................................................................................... 23 Contributing factors to the over-representation of Maori in the criminal justice system ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Socio-economic status of Maori ............................................................................... 27 Health inequalities .................................................................................................... 29 Social determinants of health .................................................................................... 29 Social Determinants of Health and the Maori offender ............................................ 31 Cultural disconnectedness and the Maori Offender .................................................. 33 Mono-cultural systems and institutions that are discriminatory and racist ............... 35 Maori and the media ..................................................................................................... 41 Socially constructed cultural assumptions by the media ........................................... 46 Stereotyping, characterising and profiling of Maori as criminal offenders: Social representations theory ............................................................................................... 54 Summary of literature review ....................................................................................... 57 Structure of thesis ......................................................................................................... 60 Chapter 2: Methodology ................................................................................................... 62 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 62 Research approach ........................................................................................................ 62 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 62 Sample....................................................................................................................... 62 Research Procedure ................................................................................................... 64 3 Categorising the data into sets of information for analysis ....................................... 64 Foucault Discourse Analysis ..................................................................................... 70 Limitations .................................................................................................................... 77 Chapter 3: Dominant Discourses identified in newspaper articles ................................... 79 Punitive Discourse ........................................................................................................ 79 Introducing the Punitive Discourse ........................................................................... 79 Analysing the Punitive Discourse ............................................................................. 80 Summary of the Punitive Discourse .......................................................................... 84 Victim Discourse .......................................................................................................... 85 Introducing the Victim Discourse ............................................................................. 85 Analysing the Victim Discourse ............................................................................... 85 Summary ................................................................................................................... 88 Institutional Discourse .................................................................................................. 88 Introducing the Institutional Discourse ..................................................................... 88 Analysing the Institutional Discourse ....................................................................... 89 Summary ................................................................................................................... 98 Cultural Discourse ........................................................................................................ 98 Introducing the Cultural Discourse ........................................................................... 98 Analysing the Cultural Discourse ............................................................................. 99 Summary ................................................................................................................. 104 The myth of one nation discourse ............................................................................... 105 Introducing the myth of one nation discourse ......................................................... 105 Analysing the myth of one nation ........................................................................... 105 Summary of the myth of one nation ........................................................................ 109 In summary of analysis chapter .................................................................................. 109 Chapter 4: Concluding Comments .................................................................................. 112 Summary of Main findings relative to psychology ..................................................... 112 Future research opportunities ...................................................................................... 117 References ....................................................................................................................... 118 Appendices ...................................................................................................................... 130 4 Acknowledgements My interest in Criminal Psychology and working to understand Maori offenders comes from the passionate work I am privileged to be involved with. I am proud to be a Maori woman working for the Department of Corrections and am continually grateful for the ongoing support I have received to practice from a Kaupapa Maori framework. I am truly grateful for Matua Tame Hemopo who continues to be a thorn in my side, pushing me to continue working in the best interests of Maori. First and foremost, I express grace and gratitude to Io, for being forever
Recommended publications
  • Police Perceptions of Maori
    Police Perceptions of Maori A Report to the New Zealand Police and the Ministry of Maori Development: Te Puni Kokiri Gabrielle Maxwell Catherine Smith Institute of Criminology Victoria University of Wellington March 1998 A Victoria Link Project Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge the help and support they received from their colleagues, Allison Morris and Paula Shepherd, from Manon Fala who assisted with the follow up telephone calls, from the representatives of the New Zealand Police and Te Puni Kokiri who provided advice and support throughout the project and from the many police officers, men and women, Maori and non Maori who were generous enough to spare their time to respond to our questions and to share their views with us. ii Contents List of Tables iv Executive summary v Introduction 1 Method 3 Questionnaire design 3 Police behaviour 3 Police officers' attitudes 4 General questions on policy and strategy 5 Background characteristics 5 Piloting 5 Sample selection 5 Distribution of questionnaires 6 Responses 6 Data presentation and analysis 8 Results 10 Description of sample 10 Police attitudes and behaviour in general 12 Police responses to differences in ethnicity 12 Racist language 13 Specific police responses to Maori and Caucasian 14 Negative attitudes to different ethnic groups 17 Changing attitudes over time 19 Maori and other police officers 19 Police officers' attitudes 20 Factors affecting attitudes 25 Police policy and strategy 27 Differences in the views of Maori and NZ European police officers 29 Policy
    [Show full text]
  • The Kaipatiki Community Policing Project
    2013 Goldstein Awards The Kaipatiki Community Policing Project: A problem solving approach to youth crime in Kaipatiki. Waitematä Police District New Zealand Front cover: Kaipatiki Community Policing Project team. From left: Constable Ant Searle, Sergeant Sundip Patel, Constable Wayne Iremonger, Constable Bianca Johnson. Inset: Constable Grant Kenny (Photo courtesy of North Shore Times) THE KAIPATAKI COMMUNITY POLICING PROJECT Section 1: Summary of Application A 2010 District scan (macro-scan) by Waitematä Police showed that while North Shore City1 recorded the lowest crimes per capita of any city in New Zealand, its working class neighbourhood suburbs of Beach Haven and Birkdale (commonly referred to as Kaipatiki) remained over represented in a number of crime types, particularly burglary. Current social strategies were failing to achieve the desired crime and safety outcomes. A micro-scan of Kaipatiki confirmed the existence of a crime problem: burglary. Burglary, one of the primary community concerns, was increasing, in contrast to the remainder of the City. Residents of Kaipatiki were up to three times more likely to be burgled than those in other suburbs. A small team of a Sergeant and four Constables, were committed to supplement the existing Community Constable and initiated the analysis and response phase of the Kaipatiki Community Policing Project. Data gathering was commenced to understand and identify what was driving crime and to identify other community concerns. It included community consultations, a Perceptions of Safety survey and Police Intelligence products. 1 North Shore was one of four cities making up the Auckland metropolitan area. These four cities, along with three districts, were merged in November 2010 into one "super city" under the governance of the Auckland Council.
    [Show full text]
  • Responding to Sexual Violence: a Review of Literature on Good Practice
    October 2009 Responding to sexual violence A review of literature on good practice Authors: Elaine Mossman, Jan Jordan, Lesley MacGibbon, Venezia Kingi and Liz Moore Commissioned by the Ministry of Women’s Affairs Responding to sexual violence: A review of literature on good practice Elaine Mossman, Jan Jordan, Lesley MacGibbon, Venezia Kingi and Liz Moore Disclaimer This report was commissioned by the Ministry of Women‟s Affairs. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in the report are intended to inform and stimulate wider debate. They do not represent government policy. Published in October 2009 by the Ministry of Women‟s Affairs | Minitatanga Mō Ngā Wāhine PO Box 10 049, Wellington, New Zealand Phone: 0064 4 915 7112 Fax: 0064 4 916 1604 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mwa.govt.nz ISBN 978-0-478252-43-9 This document is available on the Ministry of Women‟s Affairs website: www.mwa.govt.nz/news-and-pubs/publications Contents List of tables .......................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... vi Executive summary .............................................................................................. vii Part one: Overview of adult sexual violence and good practice ......................... 1 1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project overview ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Police Briefing to the Incoming Minister
    NEW ZEALAND POLICE BRIEFING TO THE INCOMING MINISTER 2008 OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................2 STRATEGY.....................................................................................................................4 GOVERNANCE.............................................................................................................8 Internal Governance...........................................10 SIGNIFICANT ISSUES..............................................................................................12 IMMEDIATE ISSUES................................................................................................16 POLICE PARTNERSHIPS........................................................................................23 Domestic..............................................................24 International.........................................................25 International Deployments...................................26 RISK...........................................................................................................................28 RESOURCES.............................................................................................................29 CAPACITY................................................................................................................31 Human Resources.................................................31 Police Collective Wage Round ..........................33 Information Communications
    [Show full text]
  • Procedural Conflict and Conflict Resolution: a Cross-National Study of Police Officers from New Zealand and South Australia
    Procedural conflict and conflict resolution: a cross-national study of police officers from New Zealand and South Australia Ross Hendy Churchill College University of Cambridge This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2018 ii iii Declaration Tis dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the preface and specifed in the text. It is not the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or di- ploma or other qualifcation at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submit- ted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualifcation at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution. iv v Abstract Tis research takes a cross-national approach to explore how police officers attempt confict resolution in their day-to-day activities. Using comparisons of the behaviour of routinely armed officers from South Australia and routinely unarmed officers from New Zealand, this thesis chronicles a research journey which culminates with a new theoretical framework to explain police-citizen encounters. Te research took a grounded theory approach and employed a mixed methods design. Quantitative data revealed that officers from South Australia used verbal and physical control behaviours more frequently and for a higher proportion of time during encounters than dur- ing the encounters observed in New Zealand. Tere were no clear explanations for the differences, although there were variations in law and the profle of event-types between the research sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Construction, Crime Statistics and Māori and Pacific Peoples
    MAI Review, 2009, 3, Peer Commentary 2 Māori, Pacific peoples and the social construction of crime statistics Robert Webb Abstract: The analyses by Hook in the two target articles published in this issue on the effects of legislation on recorded rates of crime for Māori and Pacific Islanders (Hook, 2009a, 2009b) give rise to a number of questions and themes that this peer commentary will examine. In particular, this commentary will explore some of the practices such as policing that may influence the social construction of crime figures in relation to Māori and Pacific peoples, and some of the limitations to building critical analyses from official crime statistics. Keywords: crime statistics; Māori; Pacific peoples; social construction This peer commentary examines the construction of crime statistics for Māori and Pacific peoples by reflecting upon the wider social context in which the figures are generated. The criminal justice system’s data on recorded offences, convictions and sentencing provides an official picture of crime. One area where differences are recorded is the conviction and imprisonment statistics between ethnic groups in Aotearoa/New Zealand. In the year 2006, of those convicted in court with a known ethnicity, 43% were Māori, 9% were Pacific peoples, 45% were New Zealand European, and 3% other ethnicity (Morrison, Soboleva & Chong, 2008). Māori imprisonment levels are also high, with Māori comprising around 50% of New Zealand prison inmates. Often these statistics on Māori and Pacific peoples’ interactions with the
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Well-Being and Ethnic Inequality in New Zealand Prisons, 1840-1975
    Physical Well-Being and Ethnic Inequality in New Zealand Prisons, 1840-1975 Kris Inwood Departments of Economics and History University of Guelph Les Oxley Departments of Economics University of Waikato Evan Roberts† Department of History and Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota August 2014 Working Paper No. 2014-6 https://doi.org/10.18128/MPC2014-6 †Correspondence should be directed to: Evan Roberts Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 50 Willey Hall, 225 19th Avenue S., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA e-mail: [email protected] Physical well-being and ethnic inequality in New Zealand prisons, 1840-1975 Kris Inwood Departments of Economics and History University of Guelph Les Oxley Department of Economics University of Waikato Evan Roberts (author for correspondence) Department of History and Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota [email protected] Acknowledgements: Comments from participants at the Social Science History Association, Population Association of America, and World Congress of Cliometrics conferences and several anonymous referees improved this paper. We thank Archives New Zealand and the New Zealand Ministry of Justice for access to confidential prison registers. Sam Ritchie, Tristan Egarr, Adeline Arulandu, and Anthony GerBi provided exemplary research assistance. Data collection was supported by the Health Research Council under Grant HRC 08/231 and the Marsden Fund under Grant UoC 0807. The Victoria University of Wellington Human Ethics Committee granted ethical permission for this research. Evan Roberts acknowledges further support from the Minnesota Population Center (5R24HD041023), funded through grants from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Physical growth and ethnic inequality in New Zealand prisons, 1840-1975 Abstract The British colonization of New Zealand after 1840 was marked by an unusual concern for incorporating the indigenous Māori population into the new society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Right to Keep Secret Guns
    The Right to Keep Secret Guns Registering Firearms to Reduce Gun Violence Philip Alpers New Zealand Police Association (Inc.) Wellington July 1997 2 Guns In New Zealand A Brief Background In New Zealand, 250,0001 licensed shooters own an estimated 1.1 million firearms,2 enough for one in each occupied dwelling3 and sufficient to outnumber the combined small-arms of the police4 and armed forces5 by a ratio of 30 to 1. We own 11 times as many guns per capita as the English and the Welsh,6 60% more than the Australians7 but less than half as many as the residents of the United States.8 An additional 14,000 guns are imported to New Zealand in a typical year.9 Each day an average of seven firearm offences involving danger to life are reported to the police,10 while one in five homicides are committed with a firearm.11 In a typical year 99 New Zealanders are shot to death: one for every 88 hours.12 Of these, 75% are suicides, 12% homicides, and 11% accidents.13 In an average year, 13 children and youths aged 19 or younger die from gunshot wounds14 and another 89 people are admitted to hospital with non- fatal wounds. 15 Our gun death toll is 15% higher than the toll from cervical cancer. For every ten New Zealanders who die from HIV/AIDS, sixteen die by gunshot. Gun death is three times more common than death by fire.16 Of all victims of gun homicide in this country during 1992-94, most (52.5%) were shot by a licensed gun owner.
    [Show full text]
  • In the High Court of New Zealand Auckland Registry I Te Kōti Matua O Aotearoa Tāmaki Makaurau Rohe Cri-2019-404-000416 [2020]
    IN THE HIGH COURT OF NEW ZEALAND AUCKLAND REGISTRY I TE KŌTI MATUA O AOTEAROA TĀMAKI MAKAURAU ROHE CRI-2019-404-000416 [2020] NZHC 368 BETWEEN MANINDER SINGH Appellant AND NEW ZEALAND POLICE Respondent Hearing: 3 February 2020 Counsel: M J Mellin for appellant C D Piho for respondent Judgment: 3 March 2020 JUDGMENT OF KATZ J [Conviction and sentence appeal] This judgment was delivered by me on 3 March 2020 at 3:30pm Registrar/Deputy Registrar Solicitors: Kayes Fletcher Walker Ltd, Office of the Crown Solicitor, Manukau Counsel: M J Mellin, Barrister, Manukau SINGH v NEW ZEALAND POLICE [2020] NZHC 368 [3 March 2020] Introduction [1] Mr Singh appeals his conviction and sentence on a charge of driving with excess breath alcohol.1 He was found guilty by Judge David J Harvey in the District Court at Manukau, following which he was disqualified from driving for six months and fined $1,030.2 [2] The key issues raised by Mr Singh’s appeal are: (a) whether the Judge erred in finding that the police officer was justified in administering a breath alcohol test;3 and (b) (if the conviction is not set aside on the basis of this alleged error) whether the Judge erred in not discharging Mr Singh without conviction.4 [3] Mr Singh seeks leave to file an updating affidavit for the purposes of the appeal. The Crown did not oppose admission of that evidence. I am satisfied that it is credible, fresh, and relevant to the safety of the convictions and should therefore be admitted.5 [4] Mr Singh seeks an extension of time for the appeal to be brought.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Earthquake Analysis of Crime and Alcohol Outlets in Christchurch
    Post-earthquake analysis of crime and alcohol outlets in Christchurch March 2018 Breetzke, G., Elley, B., & Gilbert, J. A report commissioned by the Health Promotion Agency COMMENTS The Health Promotion Agency (HPA) commisioned Independent Research Solutions to undertake this research as part of a HPA acohol research investment round. The lead researchers are Greg Breetzke, Benjamin Elley and Jarrod Gilbert. This research examines the impacts on and relationships between alcohol outlets and crime patterns in post-quake Christchurch between 2009 and 2014. The analysis looks at the changing spatial distribution of alcohol outlets, changes in crime patterns, and six case studies looking at local areas. HPA would like to acknowledge Cathy Bruce and Rhiannon Newcombe for the contribution to this project. The HPA commission was managed by Craig Gordon, Senior Researcher, HPA. The report has undergone external peer review by Dr Michael Cameron, University of Waikato. COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER The copyright owner of this publication is HPA. HPA permits the reproduction of material from this publication without prior notification, provided fair representation is made of the material and the authors are acknowledged as the research providers, and HPA as the commissioning agency. This research has been carried out by independent parties under contract to HPA. The views, observations and analysis expressed in this report are those of the authors and are not to be attributed to HPA. ISBN: 978-1-927303-90-0 Authors: Greg Breetzke, Benjamin Elley and Jarrod Gilbert (Independent Research Solutions) Citation: Breetzke, G., Elley, B., & Gilbert, J. (2018). Post-earthquake analysis of crime and alcohol in Christchurch.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of New Zealand Police's Progress in Response to the 2007
    Review of New Zealand Police’s progress in response to the 2007 Commission of Inquiry into Police Conduct Professor Mike Rowe Northumbria University, UK Associate Professor Michael Macaulay IGPS, Victoria University of Wellington INSTITUTE FOR GOVERNANCE AND POLICY STUDIES MONTH/YEAR February 2017 AUTHORS Mike Rowe (Northumbria University, UK) Michael Macaulay (VUW) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank all interviewees who participated in the review. In particular, thanks to Lesley Cornish and Mike Webb (NZ Police) for their facilitation of interviews and field visits, and for the insights of Professor Karin Lasthuizen (VUW). INSTITUTE FOR GOVERNANCE School of Government AND POLICY STUDIES Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand For any queries relating to this working paper, please contact [email protected] DISCLAIMER The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are strictly those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute for Governance and Policy Studies, the School of Government or Victoria University of Wellington. Contents 1. Introduction and background ........................................................................................... 4 2. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 6 3. Theme One: ASA(I) ......................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Training
    [Show full text]
  • The Queen's Birthday Honours 1989
    SPECIAL 277t The New Zealand aze WELLINGTON: MONDAY, 26 JUNE f9E9 ISSUE NO. IOE THE QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY HONOURS 1989 Hts Excellency the Govemor-General has announced that The Silvia Rose, Mrs CARTWRIGHT, of Wellington. For Queen has been graciously pleased, on the occasion of the services to women. celebratlon of Her Majesty's Birthday, to confer the following honours and awards: K.B.E. Crvr Lsr To be an Ordtnary Knlght Commander of the Civil Division KNIGHTS BACHELOR of the satd Most Excellent Order: Robert Edward JONES, of Lower Hutt. For services to Ross Malcolm JANSEN, c.B.E., J.p., of Hamilton. For business management and the community. services to local government. Professor lan Hugh KAWHARU, of Auckland. For services c.B.E. to the Maori people. To Commanders of the Civil Divislon of the The Right Honourable (Mr Justice) Edward Jonathan be Ordinary said Most Excellent Order: SOMERS, of Wellington. Judge of the Court of Appeal. (Ruth ii,Iinnie Mumford), of Dunedin. For THE MOST DISTINGUISHED ORDER OF SAINT Ruth DALLAS services to literature. MICHAEL AND SAINT GEORGE John Harold GRAY, o.B.E., 8.D., of Christchurch. General C.M.G. Manager and Town Clerk, Christchurch City Council. To be Ordinary Members of the Third Class, or Dr Charmian Jocelyn O'CONNOR, ,1.p., of Auckland. For Companions, of the said Most Distinguished Order: services to chemistry, education and the community. Malcolm Leitch CAMERON, of Wellington. Lately Director- Professor Thomas Vianney O'DONNELL, of Wellington. General, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. For services to medicine. Denis Bazeley Gordon McLEAN, of Wellington.
    [Show full text]