MRR No. 126 The Evaluation of Ops Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January to 30 January 2012 Jamilah Mohd Marjan, PhD Sharifah Allyana Syed Mohamed Rahim Wong Shaw Voon, PhD The Evaluation of Ops Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 Editors: Jamilah Mohd Marjan, PhD Sharifah Allyana Syed Mohamed Rahim Wong Shaw Voon, PhD _______________________________________________________________________________________ MIROS © 2014. All rights reserved. Published by: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Lot 125-135, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. PerPustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data The Evaluation of OPs Chinese New Year 2012 : a ComParison with Previous OPs : Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 / Editors: Jamilah Mohd Marjan, Sharifah Allyana Syed Mohamed Rahim, Wong Shaw Voon Bibliography: pages 58 ISBN 978-967-5967-50-4 1. Traffic accidents––Research––Malaysia. 2. Traffic safety––Research Malaysia. I. Jamilah Mohd Marjan. II. Sharifah Allyana Syed Mohamed Rahim. III. Wong, Shaw Voon. 363.1256 Printed by: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research TyPeface : Calibri Size : 11 pt DISCLAIMER None of the materials Provided in this rePort may be used, reProduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including recording or the use of any information storage and retrieval system, without written Permission from MIROS. Any conclusion and oPinions in this rePort may be subject to reevaluation in the event of any forthcoming additional information or investigations. The Evaluation of OPS Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 Project Leaders and Contributors Project: Accident Scenario during CNY Project Leader: Sharifah Allyana bt Syed Md Rahim Project: Traffic Volume Project Leader: Nor Aznirahani Mhd Yunin Project: Speed Project Leader: Syed Tajul Malik Syed Tajul Arifin Project: Road Safety Advocacy Project Leader: Maslina Musa Project: Perception of Being Caught for Bus Drivers Project Leader: Nor Fadhilah Mohd Soid Project: Study on the Perception of Being Caught among Road Users Project Leader: Noradrenalina Isah Project: Seatbelt Use Among Vehicle OccuPants in Selected Areas in Malaysia Project Leader: Mohamad Suffian Ahmad Project: Compliancy of Helmet Use Project Leader: Azzuhana Roslan Project: Overtaking Project Leader: Sharifah Allyana Syed Md Rahim iii The Evaluation of Ops Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 Table of Contents Page List of Tables vii List of Figures ix Acknowledgement xi Executive Summary xiii 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Accident Scenario during Ops CNY 2 2.1 Introduction 2 2.2 HyPothesis 2 2.3 Findings 3 2.3.1 General Evaluation 3 2.3.2 Evaluation by TyPe of Road User 4 2.3.3 Comparison between Ops CNY 2012 to Ops CNY 6 2011 and 2010 2.4 Summary 8 3.0 Traffic Volume 9 3.1 Introduction 9 3.2 HyPothesis 9 3.3 Findings 10 3.3.1 Average Daily Traffic Volume 10 3.3.2 Banning of Heavy Vehicles 12 3.4 Summary 13 v The Evaluation of Ops Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 4.0 Specific Studies Related to the Ops 14 4.1 Speed 14 4.1.1 Introduction 14 4.1.2 HyPothesis 15 4.1.3 Findings 15 4.1.4 Summary 18 4.2 Road Safety Advocacy 18 4.2.1 Introduction 18 4.2.2 HyPothesis 19 4.2.3 Findings 19 4.2.4 Summary 24 4.3 Perception of Being Caught (POBC) among Bus Drivers 25 4.3.1 Introduction 25 4.3.2 HyPothesis 26 4.3.3 Findings 26 4.3.4 Summary 29 4.4 Study on the Perception of Being Caught (POBC) among 30 Road Users 4.4.1 Introduction 30 4.4.2 HyPothesis 31 4.4.3 Findings 31 4.4.4 Summary 37 4.5 Seatbelt Use among Vehicle OccuPants in Selected Areas in 38 Malaysia 4.5.1 Introduction 38 4.5.2 HyPothesis 41 4.5.3 Findings 41 4.5.4 Summary 44 4.6 Compliance in terms of Helmet Use 44 4.6.1 Introduction 44 4.6.2 HyPothesis 45 4.6.3 Findings 45 4.6.4 Summary 49 4.7 Overtaking 49 4.7.1 Introduction 49 4.7.2 HyPothesis 50 4.7.3 Findings 50 4.7.4 Summary 52 vi The Evaluation of Ops Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 5.0 Conclusion 53 6.0 Recommendations 57 References 58 Appendices 60 Appendix A 60 Appendix B 61 Appendix C 65 vii The Evaluation of OPS Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 List of Tables Table 1 ANOVA output for total accidents, fatal accidents, fatalities and 8 motorcyclist fatalities Table 2 Traffic volume along the federal roads in Peninsular Malaysia 11 Table 3 Mean sPeed 15 Table 4 Mean sPeed during the Ops 16 Table 5 Mean sPeed after the OPs 17 Table 6 Percentage of road users who exceeded the 80 km/h sPeed limit 17 Table 7 Other findings in relation to bahaviour change 22 Table 8 Analysis in bus drivers’ overall POBC for three main Periods 27 Table 9 Comparison of bus drivers’ POBC for three main periods 27 Table 10 Analysis in bus drivers’ overall POBC for the two time Periods 28 Table 11 Comparison of bus drivers’ POBC for two time periods 28 Table 12 Effectiveness of traffic enforcement methods conducted by 29 resPective agencies Table 13 Comparison of mean scores POBC between the respective 29 enforcement agencies Table 14 Analysis in road users’ overall POBC during 2008 until 2012 32 Chinese New Year festival periods Table 15 Comparison of road users’ overall POBC between Ops for each 33 Chinese New Year (Years 2008–2012) Table 16 Comparison of overall POBC between motorists and motorcyclists 35 Table 17 Comparison of road users’ overall POBC during daytime and 36 at night Table 18 Comparison of enforcement visibility scores for the three Periods 37 Table 19 Likelihood of driver’s seatbelt use status during and after the OPs, 43 as comPared to before it Table 20 Relative risk of helmet use rate during Ops vs before and after Ops 46 Table 21 Chi-square analysis for illegal overtaking 52 viii The Evaluation of Ops Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 Table B1 List of media monitored by the monitoring agency 61 Table B2 Data collection Period 63 Table B3 The respondents’ breakdown by ethnicity 64 Table C1 Numbers of occuPants observed according to study Phase and 66 tyPe of occuPant ix The Evaluation of Ops Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 List of Figures Figure 1 Daily statistics for accidents, fatal accidents and fatalities during 4 Ops CNY 2011 Figure 2 Fatalities during OPs CNY 2012 by road user tyPe 5 Figure 3 Fatalities and accident distributions by road type 6 Figure 4 Fatalities, motorcyclist fatalities and total accidents during Ops 7 CNY 2010, 2011, 2012 Figure 5 Overall traffic volume Profile along the federal roads in Peninsular 10 Malaysia Figure 6 ComParison of overall heavy vehicle volume along federal roads in 12 Peninsular Malaysia Figure 7 Dosage of road safety information 20 Figure 8 Quantity of road safety messages received by respondents 21 throughout the three phases of data collection Figure 9 Level of awareness of road users between phases 22 Figure 10 Media exPosure and behaviour change 24 Figure 11 Percentage of visibility of traffic enforcement at all locations 37 Figure 12 Nationwide seatbelt use rate (Overall) December 2008–June 2010 40 Figure 13 Overall seatbelt use rate among vehicle occuPants during the 42 three periods of the Ops Figure 14 Helmet use compliance 46 Figure 15 Helmet use rate by user tyPe 48 Figure 16 Use of full-tyPe (oPen-face) helmet 49 Figure 17 Traffic volume by route number 51 Figure A1 Site with a sPeed limit sign 60 Figure A2 Site without a sPeed limit sign 60 x The Evaluation of Ops Chinese New Year 2012: a Comparison with Previous Ops Conducted over the Chinese New Year Period from 16 January 2012 to 30 January 2012 Acknowledgement Ops CNY 2012 involved the concurrence, cooPeration and inPut from of several government agencies, non-governmental agencies and the Private sector. The government agencies involved were the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP), Ministry of TransPort Malaysia, Ministry of Works Malaysia, Road Transport Department (RTD), Road Safety Department (RSD), Public Works Department (PWD), Malaysian Highway Authority, Seremban District Police Headquarters, Kedah Contingent Police Headquarters, Perak Contingent Police Headquarters, Negeri Sembilan RTD, Kedah State RTD, Perak State RTD, PLUS ExPressways, MTD Prime Sdn Bhd, Kajang-Seremban Highway (LEKAS), South Intergrated Terminal, Klang Sentral Terminal Management, Hentian Putra Management, Hentian Duta Management, and Perbadanan Pengurusan Terminal 1 Seremban. The editors would like to exPress their gratitude to all these agencies and individuals for their invaluable time and the imPortant role they Played in shaPing this comPrehensive rePort.