DOCSLIB.ORG

US5478491.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
US5478491.Pdf ||||||||| US005478491A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,478,491 Jarema (45) Date of Patent: * Dec. 26, 1995 5,288,335 2/1994 Stevens ..................................... 134/38 54) NMPID-LIMONENE PAINT STRIPPER WITH EWAPORATION INHIBITOR 5,298,184 3/1994 Jarema .. ... 252/171 5,334,331 8/1994 Fusiak ..................................... 252/542 75 Inventor: Chester P. Jarema, Sterling Heights, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Mich. 16060 of 1903 United Kingdom. 73) Assignee: Specialty Environmental Technologies, Inc., Auburn Hills, Mich. OTHER PUBLICATIONS “Technical Information, N-Methyl Pyrrolidone Handling * Notice: The portion of the term of this patent and Storage', BASF, Date of publication unavailable. subsequent to Mar. 29, 2011, has been "The Safety, Toxicology, and Biodegradation of disclaimed. d-Limonene', Florida Chemical Company, Inc. (Revised Jan. 30, 1989). 21 Appl. No.: 263,778 "D-Limonene', Florida Chemical Company, Inc. (Jun. 24, 1991). 22 Filed: Jun. 23, 1994 "Material Safety Data Sheet, N-Methyl-Pyrrollidone', Related U.S. Application Data Amcor Industries, Inc. (Mar. 19, 1992). "Non-Flammable Paint Stripers', Allied Chemical and Dye 63 Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 194,496, Feb. 10, 1994, Pat. Corporation, Date of publication unavailable. No. 5,468,415, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 911,188, Wax definition-Hauoley's Condensed Chemical Dictio Jul. 9, 1992, Pat. No. 5,298,184. nary, Eleventh Edition, Date of publication unavailable. Beeswax definition-Hauoley's Condensed Chemical Dic (51) Int. Cl.' ................................ C11D 7122; C11D 7/26; tionary, Eleventh Edition, Date of publication unavailable. C11D 7/32; C09D 9/00 Carnauba Wax Definition-Hauoley's Condensed Chemical 52 U.S. Cl........................... 252/171; 252/162; 252/163; Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, Date of publication unavail 252/170; 252/DIG. 8; 252/542; 134/38 able. 58) Field of Search ..................................... 252/163, 171, Sonneborn petrolatums Brochure, Date of publication 252/162, 170, DIG. 8,542; 134/38 unavailable. Material Safety Data Sheet for Parascal Wax, Date of 56) References Cited publication unavailable. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS "Shell paraffin and microcrystalline waxes: Shellwax(8” Technical Bulletin Shell Oil Company, Date of publication 3,979,219 9/1976 Chang et al. ........................... 206/271 unavailable. 3,983,047 9/1976 Vinson .................................... 252/19 4,120,810 10/1978 Palmer .................................... 252,153 "Sonneborn microcrystalline waxes: Advantages and appli 4,269,724 5/1981 Hodson ................................... 252/171 cations.” Date of publication unavailable. 4,428,871 1/1984 Ward et al. ............................. 252,542 Quantum Chemical Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet 4,445,939 5/1984 Hodson ....................................... 13412 for Emery 1656 Lanolins, Date of publication unavailable. 4,533,487 8/1985 Jones ....................................... 252,170 4,620,937 11/1986 Dellutri................................... 252/143 Primary Examiner-Linda Skaling Therkorn 4,666,626 5/1987 Francisco ................................ 252/53 Assistant Examiner-Michael P. Tierney 4,749,510 6/1988 Nelson .................................... 252A166 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Harness, Dickey & Pierce 4,764,222 8/1988 Colegrove ................................. 234/38 4,865,758 971989 Carter ...................................... 252/171 57 ABSTRACT 5,006,279 4/1991 Grobbel .................................. 252/542 5,011,621 4/1991 Sullivan .................................. 252/62 Compositions according to the present invention include as 5,035,829 7/1991 Suwala .................................... 252/70 essential components: from about 10% to about 50% by 5,049,300 9/1991 Fusiak et al. ... 252,162 weight of d-limonene, from about 50% to about 90% by 5,098,591 3/1992 Stevens ............. ... 252A162 weight of N-methyl pyrrollidone, and from about 0% to 5,098,592 3/1992 Narayanan et al. ... 252A162 about 10% by weight of a thickener and from about 0.5% to 5, 112,516 5/1992 Koetzle ............. ... 252,162 about 5% of an evaporation inhibiting agent such as wax. 5,124,062 6/1992 Stevens ............. ... 252A162 5,154,848 10/1992 Narayanan et al. ... 252/62 5,167,853 12/1992 Stevens ................................... 252/162 21 Claims, No Drawings 5,478,491 1. 2 sition. However, each of the above formulations still pre NMPID-L MONENE PAINT STRIPPER WITH sents a dermal safety hazard due to the low pH of the formic EVAPORATION INHIBITOR acid (pH=2.3) and other components. U.S. Pat. No. 5,006,279 discloses a paint stripper com position which includes NMP and at least one mononuclear RELATED APPLICATIONS aromatic hydrocarbon. Similarly, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,120,810; This application is a continuation-in part of U.S. patent 4,749,510; and 4,666,626 contain aromatic hydrocarbons application Ser. No. 08/194,496, filed Feb. 10, 1994, entitled within the formulation. "Paint Stripper Composition', now U.S. Pat. No. 5,468, These and other formulations, however, may still present 415.; which in turn is a continuation of U.S. patent appli 10 potential health, safety, and dermal hazards based on the cation Ser. No. 07/911,188, filed Jul. 9, 1992, entitled "Paint absorption rate of the particular aromatic hydrocarbon or Stripper Composition", now U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,184. aromatic solvent used. In addition, many aromatic hydro carbons are believed to be carcinogenic, pose environmental BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION concerns, and are troublesome regarding disposal of spent 15 chemicals. 1. Field of the Invention U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,621, which issued to Sullivan, relates The present invention relates to a paint stripper compo to mixtures of NMP, selected co-solvents (which may sition for the removal of cured or partially cured paint include aromatic hydrocarbons and terpenes such as d-li materials from substrates. More specifically, the invention monene), as well as animal and/or vegetable oil as a means relates to an improved paint stripper containing a combina 20 to effectively remove paint from substrates. However, the tion of N-methyl-2-pyrrollidone (NMP) and d-limonene for presence of one or more of these natural components such as effective paint removal and a more pleasing aroma than tallows and fatty acids may lead to the growth of microbio other known paint stripping compositions. Still more spe logical organisms within the formulation, thereby decreas cifically, the present application relates to an NMP/d-li ing the "shelf life” of the product. The presence of micro monene paint stripper which has evaporation inhibitors for 25 biological organisms could lead to altered product reducing evaporation of the active stripper components. performance as well as a noxious and rancid odor, especially 2. Description of Relevant Art when the product is exposed to sunlight. The term "paint' as hereafter used refers to coatings such The paint stripper of my prior U.S. Pat. No. 5,298, 184 as epoxies, enamels, latexes, primers, basecoats, clearcoats, 30 provides an effective improvement in paint stripper technol lacquers, varnishes, shellacs and polyurethane finishes used ogy. However, it has been found that in outdoor or other to protect and/or beautify substrates. As used herein, the situations where large volumes of air, heat and/or sunlight term "paint stripper” refers to compositions which remove are prevalent, the effectiveness was reduced due to unac or facilitate the removal of a paint, as defined above, from ceptable levels of evaporation of the product. This problem a substrate. Chemical based paint strippers have enjoyed 35 is also prevalent in the prior NMP-type strippers. widespread commercial application due to their relative ease Heretofore, evaporative inhibitors have been utilized in of use over various physical scraping and/or sanding meth methylene chloride systems. Such inhibitors include sol ods of paint removal. Many of these paint strippers are vated waxes or the like which form heavy films or a solvent based, utilizing methylene chloride, methanol, or gelatinous coat on the exposed surface of the stripper upon butanol, among others, as solvent components. While these 40 being applied to a paint substrate to reduce evaporation. solvents yield significant paint removal, they also present However, such waxes have not been found to be useful in potential health, safety, and environmental concerns to both NMP based strippers because it is known that useful waxes, the user and the surrounding environment. such as paraffin, are not soluble in NMP. Thus, even though U.S. Pat. No. 2,507,983 discloses a paint stripper which the NMP strippers have had evaporation problems, such as contains methylene chloride and methylcellulose, a thick 45 that mentioned above, it has been generally accepted by ening agent used to increase the viscosity of the formulation. those in the art that waxes are not soluble in NMP, and Methylene chloride is an effective low-cost paint stripper therefore, the use of waxes has been rejected in these characterized by high vapor pressure (400 mm Hg at 75°F) strippers. Thus, there remains a need to provide an NMP which causes it to evaporate very rapidly. This high vapor stripper composition which has reduced evaporation. pressure leads to an extreme vapor inhalation hazard. In 50 There also remains a need in the art to provide an effective addition, methylene chloride is a suspected carcinogen as stripper which has
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Packaging Food and Dairy Products for Extended Shelf-Life Active Packaging: Films and Coatings for Ex- 426 Shelf Life, ESL Milk and Case-Ready Meat
    Packaging Food and Dairy Products for Extended Shelf-Life Active packaging: Films and coatings for ex- 426 shelf life, ESL milk and case-ready meat. In the last two years, there tended shelf life. Paul Dawson*, Clemson University. has been substantial growth in extended shelf life milk packaged in sin- gle serve PET or HDPE containers. The combination of ESL processing Shelf life encompasses both safety and quality of food. Safety and and a plastic container results in an extended shelf life of 60 to 90 days, spoilage-related changes in food occur by three modes of action; bi- and at the same time provides consumers with the attributes they are ological (bacterial/enzymatic), chemical (autoxidation/pigments), and demanding from the package: convenience, portability, and resealabil- physical. Active packaging may intervene in the deteriorative reactions ity. The second example of how polymers are part of the solution to by; altering the package film permeability, selectively absorbing food extend shelf life is focused on case-ready beef. Here, a combination of components or releasing compounds to the food. The focus of this re- a polymer with the appropriate gas barrier and a modified atmosphere port will consider research covering impregnated packaging films that re- allows beef to retain its bright red color longer, extending its shelf life. lease compounds to extend shelf life. The addition of shelf life extending Plastics are increasingly used in food packaging and will be part of the compounds to packaging films rather than directly to food can be used future of extended shelf life products. to provide continued inhibition for product stabilization.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase Change Materials Based on Polyethylene, Paraffin Wax and Wood Flour
    PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS BASED ON POLYETHYLENE, PARAFFIN WAX AND WOOD FLOUR by MFISO EMMANUEL MNGOMEZULU (B.Sc. Hons.) 2002121057 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences at the UNIVERITY OF THE FREE STATE (QWAQWA CAMPUS) SUPERVISOR: PROF A.S. LUYT CO-SUPERVISOR: DR I. KRUPA November 2009 DECLARATION I declare that the dissertation hereby submitted by me for the Masters of Science degree at the University of the Free State is my own independent work and has not previously been submitted by me at another university/faculty. I furthermore, cede copyright of the dissertation in favour of the University of the Free State. ________________ __________________ Mngomezulu M.E. (Mr) Luyt A.S. (Prof) i DEDICATIONS Kubazali bami abathandekayo: UBaba Vusimuzi Josiah Mngomezulu noMama Mafahatsi Jerminah Mngomezulu. Ngiswele imilomo eyizinkulungwane ngothando nemfundiso yenu kimi kusukela ngizalwa kuzekube kusekugcineni. Ngibonga abazali benu (Ogogo nomkhulu bami-Umkhulu Christmas Meshaek Mbuti Mngomezulu (odukile) nogogo Teboho Linah Mngomezulu, kanye nomkhulu Lehlohonolo Petrus Monareng (osekwelamathongo) nogogo Kukkie Violet Monareng). Anginalo iGolide neSiliva ukunibonga ngoba ningenze umuntu ebantwini. Ngakho ngiyakunibonga ngokuphila impilo ehlanzekile phambi kukaMvelinqangi naphambi kwenu. Thokozani niphile boMfiso nani boSebei abahle!!! ii ABSTRACT Phase change material (PCM) composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with soft (M3) and hard (H1) Fischer-Tropsch paraffin waxes and alkali-treated wood flour (WF) were investigated in this study. Both the blends and composites were prepared using a melt- mixing method with a Brabender-Plastograph. SEM, DSC, TGA, DMA, tensile testing and water absorption were used to characterize the structure and properties of the blends and composites.
    [Show full text]
  • Paraffin Wax Dispenser Instruction Book
    PARAFFIN WAX DISPENSER MH8523B, MH8523Bx1. INSTRUCTION BOOK Page 1 of 20 M6880 issue 4.1 Please take your time to read this Instruction book in order to understand the safe and correct use of your new Electrothermal product. It is recommended the Responsible Body for use of this equipment reads this Instruction book and ensures the user(s) are suitably trained in its operation. CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction Page 3 Section 2 Symbols and using this Instruction book Page 4 Section 3 Safety Information. Page 5 Section 4 Unpacking and contents Page 7 Section 5 Installation Page 8 Section 6 Environmental Protection. Page 9 Section 7 Product Operation. Page 10 Section 8 Technical Specification. Page 12 Section 9 Maintenance Page 13 Section 10 Customer Support Page 16 Section 11 Spares and Accessories Page 18 Section 12 Notes Page 19 Section 13 EC declaration of Conformity Page 20 Appendix A Decontamination Certificate. Page 17 © The copyright of this Instruction book is the property of Electrothermal. This instruction book is supplied by Electrothermal on the express understanding that it is to be used solely for the purpose for which it is supplied. It may not be copied, used or disclosed to others in whole or part for any purpose except as authorised in writing by Electrothermal. Electrothermal reserve the right to alter, change or modify this instruction book with out prior notification. In the interest of continued development Electrothermal reserve the right to alter or modify the design and /or assembly process of their products without prior notification. This product is manufactured in Great Britian by Electrothermal Engineering Limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiotherapy Department Wax Therapy
    Patient Information Physiotherapy Department Wax Therapy What is wax therapy? Paraffin wax bath therapy is an application of molten paraffin wax and mineral oil to parts of the body. The combination of paraffin and mineral oil has a low specific heat which enhances the patient’s ability to tolerate heat better than from water of the same temperature. It is one of the most effective ways of applying heat to improve mobility by heating connective tissues. Wax therapy is mainly used on your hands in a hospital setting. Wax therapy is used to alleviate: Pain and stiffness associated with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibromyalgia Eczema (a dry skin disorder) Joint stiffness and muscle soreness from a variety of causes, such as following fractures, some minor surgical conditions, ligament sprains and strains What are the benefits of wax therapy? Paraffin wax acts as a form of heat therapy and can help improve circulation, relax muscles and reduce stiffness in the joints. It can also help soften skin and may help reduce swelling. Are there side effects? Paraffin wax is tested in a lab to make sure it’s safe and hygienic to use on the body. It’s completely natural and has a low melting point, which means Patient Information it can be easily applied to the skin at a temperature low enough not to cause burns or blisters. However, if you have very sensitive skin, paraffin wax may cause heat rash. Heat rash results in small red bumps on the skin that can be itchy and uncomfortable. If you have a chemical sensitivity, you may develop minor swelling or breakouts from the wax treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction-Based Recovery of RDX from Obsolete Composition B
    G Model JIEC 3540 1–5 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jiec 1 Extraction-based recovery of RDX from obsolete Composition B 2 Q1 a a a a, b Hyewon Kang , Hyejoo Kim , Chang-Ha Lee , Ik-Sung Ahn *, Keun Deuk Lee 3 a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea 4 b Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 3 November 2016 Recovery of explosives from obsolete ammunition has been considered an eco-friendly alternative to Received in revised form 20 July 2017 conventional dumping or detonation disposal methods Composition B, made of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Accepted 26 July 2017 (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and paraffin wax, has been used as the main Available online xxx explosive filling in various munitions. It was selected as a model explosive for this study. TNT was extracted from Composition B by exploiting the different solubilities of TNT and RDX in acetonitrile. After Keywords: removing paraffin wax by hexane washing, RDX was recovered from unused Composition B with a purity Composition B higher than 99% and a yield of 84%. Recovery © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering RDX Chemistry. Extraction Demilitarization 5 29 Introduction destroyed using the following techniques: dumping at sea, outdoor 30 burning, open detonation, and detonation in a mine tunnel [9,10].
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Polymer Binders on the Structure of Highly Filled Zirconia Feedstocks
    polymers Article Impact of Polymer Binders on the Structure of Highly Filled Zirconia Feedstocks Claire Delaroa 1,2, René Fulchiron 1 , Eric Lintingre 2, Zoé Buniazet 2 and Philippe Cassagnau 1,* 1 Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5223, 15 Boulevard Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; [email protected] (C.D.); [email protected] (R.F.) 2 Saint-Gobain CREE, Grains et Poudres, 550 Avenue Alphonse Jauffret, BP 20224, 84306 Cavaillon, France; [email protected] (E.L.); [email protected] (Z.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 28 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: The impact of polypropylene and high-density polyethylene backbone binders on the structure of organic matrix, feedstock, and ceramic parts is investigated in terms of morphology in this paper. The miscibility of wax with polyethylene and polypropylene is investigated in the molten state via a rheological study, revealing wax full miscibility with high-density polyethylene and restricted miscibility with polypropylene. Mercury porosimetry measurements realized after wax extraction allow the characterization of wax dispersion in both neat organic blends and zirconia filled feedstocks. Miscibility differences in the molten state highly impact wax dispersion in backbone polymers after cooling: wax is preferentially located in polyethylene phase, while it is easily segregated from polypropylene phase, leading to the creation of large cracks during solvent debinding. The use of a polyethylene/polypropylene ratio higher than 70/30 hinders wax segregation and favors its homogeneous dispersion in organic binder. As zirconia is added to organic blends containing polyethylene, polypropylene, and wax, the pore size distribution created by wax extraction is shifted towards smaller pores.
    [Show full text]
  • The Modified Research of Paraffin Material for Machining
    2018 7th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Computer Science (ICAMCS 2018) The Modified Research of Paraffin Material for Machining Jin Hua, Minghua Chenb Aviation Maintenance NCO Academy, Xinyang, 464000, China [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: paraffin wax system; stearic acid; toughening agent A; polyethylene; NC machining. Abstract: The materials used in NC machine tools are usually steel, which is of high hardness. The influence factors for paraffin wax system performance are studied, which include the effects of stearic acid, toughening agent A, polyethylene and cooling-down methods. The material is prepared according to a certain proportion of the material by modification, which can be used in the mechanical processing of paraffin composite system to replace the material used in CNC processing. The practical application shows that the paraffin compound system can meet the requirements of NC machining and achieve the goal of energy saving and consumption, which is very effective. 1. Introduction Machining of material is usually using rolled steel. Because of its high hardness and great intensity, beginners easily damage equipment and tools by wrong operation during the process of practice [1-2]. Especially in numerical control machine tools, it always causes large amount of waste materials or even causes some accidents due to programming error and tool error. From the material saving and safety point of view, the paraffin can be used as training materials instead of rolled steel [3]. There are many advantages using paraffin, such as low hardness, low cost, recyclable used repeatedly, and so on. So it does not need cutting fluid in machining process and does not damage the cutter.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating the Rich History of Waxes Bladel, the Netherlands What’S Inside: Watertown, Connecticut, Usa
    CELEBRATING THE RICH HISTORY OF WAXES BLADEL, THE NETHERLANDS WHAT’S INSIDE: WATERTOWN, CONNECTICUT, USA 2-3 – HERITAGE 4-5 – INNOVATION 6-7 – WORLD RESOURCES 8-9 – NATURAL/ORGANIC 10-11 – SILICONYL WAXES 12-13 – CUSTOM BLENDS 14-15 – EMULSIFYING WAXES 16-17 – KESTER WAXES 18-19 – MILKS 20-41 – WAX SPECIFICATIONS 42 – WAX PROPERTIES KOSTER WAX FACT: Koster Keunen was founded in the Netherlands and is world renowned for supplying quality waxes. 1852 OUR HISTORY OF TRADITION AND INNOVATION Founded in 1852 as a family business, Koster Keunen has evolved into the world’s leading processor, refiner and marketer of natural waxes. From the early days of sun bleaching beeswax for the candle industry, we now specialize in processing and formulating quality waxes for cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food, coatings, and various other technical industries worldwide. For over 150 years we have sought perfection, constantly introducing new and innovative processes and waxes, while investing in experienced, knowledgeable people and the best equipment to help meet this goal. As a family business we believe very strongly in the need for developing 3 superior quality products, and supporting our customers with excellent service, throughout the formulation and marketing processes. From our two facilities, in the USA and Holland, we offer a huge range of natural waxes, synthetic waxes and wax derivatives, enabling our customers to produce thousands of products that look, feel and work superbly KOSTERKEUNEN.COM / 1 860.945.3333 KOSTER WAX FACT: Koster Keunen was the first natural wax company to manufacture waxes using a Sandvik Pastillator, starting in 1988. 1852 UNIQUELY KOSTER KEUNEN Our greatest strength is the experience and scientific expertise we have fostered for the development of new and innovative products.
    [Show full text]
  • Paraffin Wax
    Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Paraffin Wax 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name : Paraffin Wax Catalog Codes : SLW1045 CAS# : 8002-74-2 or 64742-43-4 RTECS : RV0350000 TSCA : TSCA 8(b) inventory: Wax (Paraffin) CI# : Not available. Synonym : Wax; White Cake Chemical Name : Paraffin Chemical Formula : Not available. COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Supplier: Pon Pure Chemicals Group CHENNAI, TAMILNADU, INDIA 24 Hour Health Emergency (91) 8939878447 (91) 9444038694 Transportation Emergency Phone (91) 8939768680 Company Name Place EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER Pon Pure Chemicals Group India Day Emergency – 044-26161803-26161809 2. Composition and Information on Ingredients Composition: Name CAS # % by Weight Wax ( Paraffin) Beads 8002-74-2 or 64742-43-4 100 Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Not applicable. 3. Hazards Identification Potential Acute Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS : Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS : Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS : Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY : Not available. Repeated or prolonged exposure is not known to aggravate medical condition. Page 1 of 6 MSDS - Paraffin Wax 4.First Aid Measures Eye Contact: Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention if irritation occurs. Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops. Serious Skin Contact: Not available. Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Packaging on the Shelf Today - Paramelt Turns to Nature for the Easy Answer
    Sustainable packaging on the shelf today - Paramelt turns to nature for the easy answer Whether it comes to repellent properties to keep leaves clean or barrier requirements to prevent moisture loss in harsh environments, nature has a simple answer - Wax. Today thousands of tons of paper based, barrier packaging is being commercially produced every year based on effective and sustainable vegetable wax technology. For over a century paraffin wax has been used in a similar way to provide release and barrier properties to paper and board. Over recent years the industry has been working hard to harness a more sustainable solution based on renewably sourced vegetable fats. By combining paper produced from responsibly managed forests with sustainably sourced fats it is now possible to produce a fully efficient packaging material based on over 90% renewable bio materials. In a European setting all the talk today is about a shift towards a sustainable, bio-based economy. In the packaging industry this is being translated into many complex and expensive structures, combining bio- plastics with paper and other cellulosic materials. For many existing applications however bio sourced wax can easily be overlooked as it seems just too easy… These products are commercially available and provide excellent barrier and release properties. They can be run on existing equipment and can meet all renewability and ‘end of life’ requirements. Despite its long history, the use of wax paper today has been confined mainly to a small number of niche applications like confectionery packaging, cheese and meat wrappings; since it has been largely superseded by plastic films, extrusion coating or laminated structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Well Stimulation Using Scrap Tires Final Report
    Well Stimulation Using Scrap Tires – Final Report DOE Award Number: 4188‐RJLG‐DOE‐2098 RJ Lee Group Well Stimulation Using Scrap Tires Final Report RJ Lee Group Project Number GSH007011 Report Issue Date: December 2011 Principal Authors: Michael Silsbee PhD, Alan Levine PhD, Mark Sparrow RJ Lee Group, Inc. 350 Hochberg Rd. Monroeville, PA 15146 DOE Award Number: 4188‐RJLG‐DOE‐2098 March 2012 i Well Stimulation Using Scrap Tires – Final Report DOE Award Number: 4188‐RJLG‐DOE‐2098 RJ Lee Group Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Abstract The following is the final report summarizing the results of the testing performed under grant 41880‐RJLG‐DOE‐2098. Three wells were located for field testing. One gas well is near Chautauqua, New York and two oil wells are near Yawkey, West Virginia. Samples of paraffin and oil from each of the sites have been characterized and evaluated for dissolution/suspension in DESolv™ at various temperatures.
    [Show full text]
  • In-Situ Electrochemical Remediation of Underwater Unexploded Ordinance
    FINAL REPORT In-Situ Electrochemical Remediation of Underwater Unexploded Ordinance SERDP Project MR18-1466 NOVEMBER 2018 Kyoo Jo U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, ERDC-CERL Distribution Statement A Page Intentionally Left Blank This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Page Intentionally Left Blank Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
    [Show full text]