Research Pamphlet No. 131 PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Botanical Gazetteer for PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
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RP 131 Research Pamphlet No. 131 PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Botanical Gazetteer for PENINSULAR MALAYSIA PENINSULAR MALAYSIA This botanical gazetteer provides standardised locality names and their coordinates for plants that have been collected in Peninsular Malaysia in the last 150 years. The more than 2,800 localities listed in the Gazetteer are derived from herbarium specimens lodged in the Herbarium of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (KEP), the Singapore Herbarium (SING) and botanical literature. M. Hamidah, L.S.L. Chua, M. Suhaida, W.S.Y. Yong & R. Kiew ISBN 978-967-5221-72-9 9 789675 221729 New pg i-v cip page.pmd 1 12/19/2011, 11:22 AM Produced with the financial support of MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA New pg i-v cip page.pmd 2 12/19/2011, 11:22 AM Research Pamphlet No. 131 M. Hamidah L.S.L. Chua M. Suhaida W.S.Y. Yong R. Kiew Forest Research Institute Malaysia Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia 2011 New pg i-v cip page.pmd 3 12/19/2011, 11:22 AM © Forest Research Institute Malaysia 2011 Date of Publication: 28th December 2011 All enquiries should be forwarded to: Director-General Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 Kepong Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Tel: 603-6279 7000 Fax: 603-6273 1314 Homepage: http://www.frim.gov.my Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Botanical gazetteer for Peninsular Malaysia / M. Hamidah ... [et al.] Research pamphlet ; no. 131 ISBN 978-967-5221-72-9 1. Phytogeography--Malaysia. 2. Malaysia--Gazetteers. I. M. Hamidah. 581.9595 Consulting Editors: L.G. Saw, E. Soepadmo and R.C.K. Chung MS ISO 9001:2008 Certified Cover design & Layout: Card Information Sdn. Bhd. Front cover: Map of the region before 1500 century from Atlas Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1977. Map reproduced with permission from the Institute of Language and Literature Malaysia. Back cover: Abroma angusta (L) Willd. (Sterculiaceae). Courtesy of L.G. Saw. Printed in Malaysia by Card Information Sdn. Bhd., Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur New pg i-v cip page.pmd 4 12/19/2011, 11:22 AM CONTENTS Pages FOREWORD vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1. Places 7 CHAPTER 2. Roads 99 CHAPTER 3. Rivers and Streams 113 New pg i-v cip page.pmd 5 12/19/2011, 11:22 AM W.S.Y. Yong W.S.Y. Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve, Perak FOREWORD In all flora projects, accurate knowledge of plant distribution is critical in understanding the geographic limits of a particular species, genus or family. Reliable geographic information thus provides the baseline for documentation and mapping of plant distribution patterns, a crucial component in assessing conservation status of species. However, it can be very time-consuming to find coordinates for each particular locality and in some cases the locality where the specimen is reported to exist cannot be found on a modern map, perhaps because it was misspelled or inconsistency between the gazette name and local name. Thus having a gazetteer complete with coordinates is essential to the accurate mapping of plant distribution, which is an important component of the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia Project. Peninsular Malaysia has a history of botanical collecting that spans over 150 years and during the same time, a vast collection of specimens from all over the Peninsula was accrued. The work of compiling this gazetteer has therefore been a monumental task and includes more than 3,800 localities. I wish to congratulate the authors and their team of botanists for their stupendous and painstaking effort. The Botanical Gazetteer for Peninsular Malaysia is the final volume following the Sabah and Sarawak Gazetteers. With this publication, there is now an up-to-date botanical gazetteer for the whole of Malaysia. I believe, the information in this gazetteer will provide easier and greater access to the plants in Malaysia for a wider range of researchers, both local and overseas, as well as to managers of natural resources. Dato’ Dr. Abd. Latif bin Mohmod Director-General Forest Research Institute Malaysia vii A.R. Ummul-Nazrah Cameron Highlands, Pahang ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are sincerely indebted to the staff of Conservation and Biodiversity Informatics Branch, in particular Hazlina Ali and Chan Yoke Mui, for their valuable input. Our heartfelt gratitude to KEP botanists, Lim Chung Lu, Yao Tze Leong, Rafidah Abdul Rahman, Avelinah Julius, Siti Munirah Mat Yunoh and Ummul Nazrah Abdul Rahman for searching the coordinates of old localities. Special thanks are due to Dr. E. Soepadmo and Dr. Peter Wilkie for their critical comments on the gazetteer list. Denis Filer and BRAHMS (Botanical Research and Herbarium Management System) have been invaluable in facilitating data processing. Not forgetting Saripah Barom and Asnah Hashim for their assistance in herbarium specimens databasing. We would like to acknowledge Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia for sharing spatial data on forest cover. We are also indebted to the Department of Survey and Mapping Peninsular Malaysia (JUPEM), Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency (ARSM) and Malaysian Centre for Geospatial Data Infrastructure (MaCGDI) for providing topographic data and information about the localities. This project is funded by the Malaysian Government through its National Council for Scientific Research and Development (MPKSN). M.Y. Siti-Munirah M.Y. Aborigines in Royal Belum State Park, Perak ix M. Suhaida Kuala Tahan, Pahang Introduction INTRODUCTION As the title of the book implies, this gazetteer is botanical in approach and does not attempt to list all named places, geographical or physical features occurring in Peninsular Malaysia. Localities listed are derived from the labels of herbarium specimens lodged in the Herbarium of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (KEP), the Singapore Herbarium (SING) and those in a wide range of botanical literature, notably Burkill (1927). Several sources of information have been used to compile this gazetteer. Maps that were consulted include topographic maps produced by the Department of Survey and Mapping Peninsular Malaysia, forest cover maps produced by the Forest Department of Peninsular Malaysia, spatial maps produced by Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency and Malaysian Centre for Geospatial Data Infrastructure and topographic maps published in 1945. The Google Earth website was also helpful. The book has three chapters. Chapter 1 deals with places while Chapters 2 and 3 cover roads and rivers respectively. For each chapter, fields for coordinate, district and state are provided. Please note that in the state of Perlis, the sub-district corresponds to district in other states and there is no district for Kuala Lumpur. Maps are provided to show the states and districts, mountain ranges and major rivers. General Considerations Alphabetical arrangement. All names are arranged alphabetically. The names used are currently accepted names. For localities in which the main search word may not be obvious (e.g., Tanjong Dendang, P.), it is recommended that a search be undertaken on each word separately. In the Malay language, it is common for a name to have different spellings. Spelling variants or names that are incorrectly spelled are treated as synonyms and do not have a coordinate. Instead readers are directed to the accepted name/spelling. For example, ‘Beremban, G.’ in Negeri Sembilan is incorrectly spelled, therefore has no coordinate and readers are directed to ‘Berembun, G.’. Another frequent case is the wrongly spelled name of the state of Terengganu (not Trengganu). A name that is recorded on the specimen label or in the literature but is no longer in use is listed as a synonym. This happens frequently in older collections. By detailed examination of the collectors’ itinerary, diaries and book indices, we were able to ascertain the accepted name for a particular locality. (These diaries and indices are lodged in various herbaria and are not published). Such names are, in addition, checked 1 New pg 1-4.pmd 1 12/20/2011, 2:46 PM Botanical Gazetteer for Peninsular Malaysia Table 1: The Abbreviations and Spellings Used in the Index Abbreviation Full text/accepted spelling Old spelling English - Air Ayer Water Bt. Bukit - Hill - Genting Ginting Pass - Gua Goa Cave G./Mt. Gunung Gunong Mountain RF Hutan Lipur Recreational Forest WR/WS Hutan Rezab Hidupan Liar - Wildlife Reserve/Wildlife Sanctuary VJR Hutan Simpan Dara - Virgin Jungle Reserve FR Hutan Simpan Kekal (HSK) Forest Reserve Rd. Jalan - Road - Johor Johore Kg. Kampung Kampong Village - Kem Camp - Kuala Kwala Confluence/river mouth - Lubuk Lubok Pool - Melaka Malacca - Pantai Beach - Pos Fort P. Pulau Pulo, Poolo Island Sg. Sungai Sungei River/stream NP Taman Negara - National Park SP Taman Negeri - State Park Tg. Tanjung Tanjong Headland - Tasik Tasek Lake - Teluk Telok Bay - Ulu Headwaters against published accounts. Examples are Batoo Lanshun (Batu Lanchang), Goa Chirita (Cherita, Gua), Poloo Tikoos (Pulau Tikus) and Poolo Remoo (Rimau, P.). In the modern Malay spelling, some letters, such as ‘b’ and ‘c’ are no longer followed by the letter ‘h’, as, for example, ‘Bharu’ or ‘Baharu’ (old spelling) and ‘Baru’ (modern spelling), ‘Cherita’ is now spelled ‘Cerita’ and ‘China’ spelled as ‘Cina’. Other examples include ‘Kechil’ now ‘Kecil’, ‘Ayer’ now ‘Air’, ‘Tasek’ now ‘Tasik’ and ‘Gunong’ now ‘Gunung’ and many more. This can be a source of confusion. In most cases, especially for geographic terms, modern spelling is used (Table 1) but in some cases, for legal reasons, the name has not been changed for instance Kota Baharu is not spelled Kota Baru and ‘Ayer’ and ‘China’ are not necessarily ‘Air’ and ‘Cina’ respectively. The prefix for place names such as bukit (hill), gunung (mountain), kampung (village) and pulau (island) is attached as a suffix preceded by a comma. Examples are Abi village which appears as Abi, Kg. and Aur which is a forest reserve, a settlement and an island appears as Aur FR, Aur, Kg.