DOCSLIB.ORG

Nutrition Knowledge on Dietrelated Chronic Non Communicable

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nutrition Knowledge on Dietrelated Chronic Non Communicable A.H.M.Mufas(1), A.H.M.Rifas(2), A.H.L. Fareeza(3) and O.D.A.N.Perera(1) Nutrition knowledge on diet­related chronic non communicable diseases among the graduates from South Eastern University of Sri Lanka (1) Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Livestock Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka. ( E­mail: [email protected]) (2) Department of Islamic studies, Faculties of Islamic Studies and Language, South eastern University of Sri Lanka. (3) Department of Management, Faculty of Management studies and commerce, South eastern University of Sri Lanka. Abstract - The Purpose of this study is to understand of individuals plus households and early retirement, all the nutrition knowledge of the graduates on diet have a great impact on the economic productivity of a related chronic NCDs. A descriptive cross sectional country, bringing about the spiral of ill health and study was undertaken among 200 graduates of south poverty (Abegunde and Stanciole, 2006; Suhrcke et al., eastern university to assess the nutrition knowledge. 2005). Knowledge level analyzed with socio-demographic It has been projected that, by 2020, NCDs will characteristics. Overall knowledge of graduates was account for almost three-quarters of all deaths poor; not a single graduate identified with good worldwide, and that 71% of deaths due to ischemic knowledge. Gender, home area, religious group, heart disease (IHD), 75% of deaths due to stroke, and marital status of the respondents turned out to be not 70% of deaths due to diabetes will occur in developing associated with the knowledge level of the graduates countries (Barker et al, 1993a). The number of people (p>0.05). in the developing world with diabetes will increase by Keywords- Nutrition knowledge, NCDs, Diet, more than 2.5-fold, from 84 million in 1995 to 228 Graduates million in 2025 (Barker et al, 1993b). On a global basis, 60% of the burden of chronic diseases will occur in developing countries. In Sri Lanka, diet-related chronic Introduction NCDs currently account for 18.3 percent of all deaths Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also and 10.2 percent of public hospital expenditures (but known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person 16.7 percent of all hospital expenditures). The current to person. They are of long duration and generally slow loss attributable to diet-related chronic disease is in progression. The four main types of non- estimated as 0.3 percent of GDP. In 2025, chronic communicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases diseases are expected to account for 20.9 percent of all (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, and diabetes deaths. Currently, dietary factors account for 10-20 (WHO, 2011). NCDs have an impact on individuals percent of these chronic diseases. By 2025, dietary and families; they also affect economies, health factors (particularly overweight) will increase in structures and societies. Amongst the many importance to account for 18-40 percent of chronic implications of NCDs – reduced life expectancy, disease, and the importance of low birth weight as a overall reduction in consumption, income and savings predisposing factor will increase (Popkin et al, 2001) [1] Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, SEUSL: 6-7 July 2013, Oluvil, Sri Lanka Even though the genetic factor involving in the recommendations. Hence the study was carried out chronic NCDs, it is highly influenced by many with the objective of assess the nutritional knowledge environmental factors such as: Unhealthy foods: on diet related chronic NCDs among graduate students contain high-salt content, high-sugar content, high and to identify the source of knowledge on diet related trans-fatty acids, saturated fat and by sedentary life chronic NCDs among graduates. style. Since the traditional Sri Lankan diet is vegetable based, a large proportion of adults (82%) do not consume adequate amount of vegetables. Despite the Methodology availability of an abundance and variety of fruit in Sri A descriptive cross sectional study was Lanka, the average consumption is found to be undertaken to assess the nutrition knowledge on diet- inadequate. Despite a modest consumption of fat related chronic NCDs among graduates of south (15%-18%) by the Sri Lankans, higher percentage of eastern university of Sri Lanka, mainly in the field of saturated fats is included in the diet compared to arts, commerce and science. Purposive sampling unsaturated fat. Higher saturated to unsaturated fat method was used to select 200 graduates from different ratio is an important risk factor for development of area. Fifty (50) graduates from each batch from each cardiovascular diseases. The daily intake of salt (10g faculty (Faculty of Applied Science, Faculty of /day) and added sugar (60g/day –based on food Management studies and commerce, Faculty of arts, consumption data, 35 g/day based on individual Faculty of Islamic studies and Arabic language) were dietary records) is also high in Sri Lankan diet when recruited. Equal number of males and females were compared to WHO recommendations. Physical selected from each faculty. inactivity in moderate is a protective factor against many NCDs. Majority of Sri Lankans (78 %) are Self administrated questionnaire containing 36 engaged in moderate or higher level physical activities questions [Knowledge of Applied Nutrition (KN), (> 600 Metabolic Min /Week). However, only a small Knowledge of Food Preparation (KP) and Perceived proportion is engaged regularly in recreational activity. Confidence in Cooking Skills (PC)], (Whati, 2005) was Female are significantly sedentary (30%) compared to used to collect data from respondents. The questions males (19%) and this is also reflected in the higher were directed towards gaining information regarding mean BMI of the former. Alcohol consumption, graduates’ knowledge on diet-related chronic NCDs, Percentage of current drinkers is significantly higher sources of information, and socio demographic in males (26.0%) compared to females (1.2%). characteristics of the subjects. Knowledge was assessed However, less than five percent of male population by using score system. Data were analyzed by using takes alcohol more than 4 days per week (Ministry of descriptive statistics and SPSS software package. Healthcare and Nutrition Sri Lanka, 2009). World Health Organization has proposed a Results and discussion number of actions to address the problem of unhealthy Preparation of questionnaire to check the eating behaviors. Among these recommendations, nutritional studies in a particular target group is a educating the people is expected to be more effective difficult task. Further, preliminary studies were to control the diet related chronic NCDs. It is widely conducted to choice the questions to include them in practiced in many developed countries, in the school the final questionnaire. Preliminary study describes an level as well as in the university level. evaluation of validity and reliability measures in a Graduates are the most important section in the questionnaire designed to assess knowledge of society. In future they are going to be the policy makers nutrition in graduates participating in this research, for in the country. Therefore it is important to estimate the that, 60 basic nutritional questions were included in nutritional knowledge on the diet- related chronic the questionnaire and was provided randomly to the NCDs among the graduates, since there is a deficiency graduates (Whati, 2005). in that knowledge we can make necessary [2] A.H.M.Mufas, A.H.M.Rifas, A.H.L. Fareeza and O.D.A.N.Perera Nutrition knowledge on diet-related chronic non communicable diseases among the graduates from South Eastern University of Sri Lanka Table 4: Number and percentage of study of two times, the final questionnaire was sources of knowledge in which the prepared with 36 questions (Anderson, 2002). respondents received information on diet‐ related chronic NCDs. Table 2: Overall knowledge on diet related Source of information * Number(N) Percentage chronic NCDs according to the background News paper 129 64.5 variables (N=200) Magazine 110 55.0 Characteristics Number(N) Percentage Television 93 46.5 Faculty Internet 78 39.0 Faculty of Applied Science 50 25.0 University 57 28.5 Faculty of Management Health personals 43 21.5 studies and commerce 50 25.0 Leaflets 25 12.5 Faculty of arts 50 25.0 Radio 21 10.5 Faculty of Islamic studies and Family 17 8.5 Arabic language 50 25.0 Nutritionist/ dietitian 7 3.5 Age (years) Others 5 2.5 26-29 77 38.5 30-33 56 28.0 Table 2: Overall knowledge on diet related 34-37 67 33.5 chronic NCDs according to the background Gender variables (N=200). Male 100 50.0 Characteristics Knowledge Significane Female 100 50.0 Poor (%)* Home area Satisfactory (%)* Urban 113 56.5 Faculty Semi urban 40 20.0 2 Faculty of 17(34.0) 33(66.0) X =46.007 Rural 47 23.5 Applied 126(84.0) 24(16.0) df = 1 Science Other p=0.001 Religious group faculties Muslim 168 84.0 Gender Hindus 20 10.0 2 Male 74(74.0) 26(26.0) X =0.613 Christian 12 6.0 Female 69(69.0) 31(31.0) df = 1 p=0.433 Buddhist 0 0.0 Home are Nutrition knowledge may influence dietary Urban Semi 79(69.9) 34(30.1) X2 =0.322 behavior directly or through nutrition attitudes. urban / Rural 64(73.6) 23(26.4) df = 1 Dietary behavior may further become dietary patterns p=0.570 and influence one’s nutrient intake. Therefore, Religious group understanding people’s nutrition knowledge, attitudes, Muslim 120(71.42) 48(28.5) X2 =0.003 Others 23(71.87) 9(28.12) df = 1 and behavior is the basis for nutrition education p=0.959 (Stanek and Sempek, 1990; McIntosh et al, 1990). Marital status Studies on nutritional knowledge in Sri Lanka are very Single 95(68.84) 43(31.16) X2 =1.545 rare, among them; there is no such research on the Married 48(77.41) 14(22.58) df = 1 knowledge of graduate students on diet-related chronic p=0.214 non communicable diseases done in the past years.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka Look Back at the Year 2012
    CONTENTS FOREWORD BY THE VICE CHANCELLOR 2 1. VISION STATEMENT 3 2. MISSION OF THE UNIVERSITY 4 3. GOALS 5 4. THE UNIVERSITY 4.1 Introduction 6 4.2 Chancellor 7 4.3 Officers of the University 7 4.4 The Council 8 4.5 The Senate 9 - 10 5. FACULTIES 5.1 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences 11 - 21 5.2 Faculty of Applied Sciences 22 - 35 5.3 Faculty of Geomatics 36 - 42 5.4 Faculty of Management Studies 43 - 54 5.5 Faculty of Social Sciences and Languages 55 - 71 6. TEACHING RESOURCES 6.1 The Library 72 - 74 6.2 Centre for Computer Studies 75 - 80 6.3 Department of Physical Education 81 - 83 7. STUDY CENTRES 7.1 Career Guidance Unit 84 - 87 7.2 External Degree Programmes and Extension Services Unit 88 – 89 7.3 Centre for Indigenous Studies 90 7.4 Staff Development Centre 91 – 103 8. ENROLMENT, EXAMINATION RESULTS AND GRADUATION 104 - 106 9. STUDENT WELFARE 107 - 110 10. STAFF DETAILS 111 - 121 11. THE STATUTORY REPORT ON THE ANNUAL STATEMENTS OF ACCOUNTS 122 – 133 12. AUTDIT REPORT 13. REPLY TO THE AUDIT REPORT FOREWORD BY THE VICE CHANCELLOR It is with much satisfaction and a sense of achievement that we, as the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka look back at the Year 2012. This is primarily due to the work-oriented culture that we have promoted within this institution which in turn has yielded substantial gains within the period under review, in human and material terms. As this report shall amply portray, the Mission of the University in producing men and women with ‘practical skills and positive attitudes has clearly been the focus of its academic, administrative and the non-academic staff throughout the year 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Alumni Message from Principal Solomon in THIS NEWSLETTER
    Rev. Dr. Davidsathananthan Solomon, Principal Jaffna College [email protected] Volume 1, Issue 1, 2017 IN THIS NEWSLETTER Chairperson Jaffna College Board Alumni Message from Principal Solomon Editor’s Greetings College Students Perform Well in Examinations Upgrade to Daniel Poor Library New Junior Vice Principal English Language Resources A Generous Gift for Physical Education Starting an English Laboratory WELCOME TO “STEPPING UP’ FROM THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD On behalf of the Jaffna College Board of Directors, welcome to this first E-newsletter for our College Alumni, Stepping Up. I congratulate Principal Solomon and Junior Vice-Principal Gladys Muthurajah for their initiative in starting Stepping Up. Their initiative has stepped up to the Board’s challenge to implement a new policy of stakeholder engagement with our Alumni. The Board has recently carried out an extensive review of our governance performance. Following best practice advice specifically for governance development in low-income nations like Sri Lanka, we have adopted a policy to improve our relationships with stakeholders. The Board is committed to work together with Alumni for the benefit of Jaffna College students and staff. I second the Principal’s invitation to you to visit the College. I am continually delighted when Alumni visit me to discuss the College’s development, how they might contribute, and express their interest in better understanding the Board’s role and responsibilities. The Board is committed to better informing you of our work, and looks forward to receiving your feedback. Board minutes are available to you in the Principal’s office, for your information. As a Board, we have been stepping up to meet the challenges facing us.
    [Show full text]
  • Jfcqjsptlpq Learning-Politics-From
    LEARNING POLITICS FROM SIVARAM The Life and Death of a Revolutionary Tamil Journalist in Sri Lanka MARK P. WHITAKER Pluto P Press LONDON • ANN ARBOR, MI Whitaker 00 PLUTO pre iii 14/11/06 08:40:31 First published 2007 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 839 Greene Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 www.plutobooks.com Copyright © Mark P. Whitaker 2007 The right of Mark P. Whitaker to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Hardback ISBN-10 0 7453 2354 5 ISBN-13 978 0 7453 2354 1 Paperback ISBN-10 0 7453 2353 7 ISBN-13 978 0 7453 2353 4 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services Ltd, Fortescue, Sidmouth, EX10 9QG, England Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England Printed and bound in the European Union by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne, England Whitaker 00 PLUTO pre iv 14/11/06 08:40:31 CONTENTS Acknowledgements vi Note on Transliteration, Translation, Names, and Neutrality ix Three Prologues xi 1. Introduction: Why an Intellectual Biography of Sivaram Dharmeratnam? 1 2. Learning Politics from Sivaram 18 3. The Family Elephant 32 4. Ananthan and the Readers’ Circle 52 5. From SR to Taraki – A ‘Serious Unserious’ Journey 79 6.
    [Show full text]
  • American Ceylon Mission
    , RE:p~·a·R T , "", .I.:.~ OF THE '.(. .~, ... AMERICAN CEYLON MISSION . .. "', FOR 1852. PUBLISHED Xli 1849. I;:,: . » •. "":. .~. REPORT OF THE A~IERICAN CEYLON MISSION, FOR THE YEAR 1852. 3}affna: AMERICAN MISSION PRESS-To S. BURNELL, PRINTER. Hl53. REPORT ALTHOUGH we have not been in the habit of publishing an annual report of our labors, we find an occasional review of the way in which the Lord has led us, profitable to ourselves and encouraging to those who feel an interest in the establishment of Christ's kingdom in this land. As it is now several years since such a review was taken, the following report of the operations of the past year, will contain a more extended statement of the state and progress of the work than would otherwise be necessary. Missionaries and Stations. Though we have been favored by the accession of Mr. and Mrs. Sanders to our number during the year,. yet the absence of others on account of ill-health has prevented the occupancy of vacant stations. Chavagacherry has been vacant during a part of the year by tke absence of Mr. and Mrs. Noyes on a visit to the continent. As the clima te in that region seems more favorable to the health of Mrs. Noyes, they now contemplate a permanent removal to the Madura Mission. Mr. and Mrs. Mills left for Madras in August, on account of her feeble health, expecting to be obliged to proceed to Amer­ ica. After a reside~ce of several months in Madras, they have been enabled to return to us, and resume their duties in con­ nection with the Seminary, and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery and Caste Supremacy in the American Ceylon Mission
    Article CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 155–174 February 2020 brandeis.edu/j-caste ISSN 2639-4928 DOI: 10.26812/caste.v1i1.117 In Nāki’s Wake: Slavery and Caste Supremacy in the American Ceylon Mission Mark E. Balmforth1 (Bluestone Rising Scholar Honorable Mention 2019) Abstract In 1832, a woman named Caṅkari Nāki died in Ceylon, and her descendants have been haunted by a curse ever since. One of the first converts of the American Ceylon Mission, Nāki was part of an enslaved caste community unique to the island, and one of the few oppressed-caste members of the mission. The circumstances of her death are unclear; the missionary archive is silent on an event that one can presume would have affected the small Christian community, while the family narrative passed through generations is that Nāki was murdered by members of the locally dominant Vellalar caste after marrying one of their own. In response to this archival erasure, this essay draws on historical methods developed by Saidiya Hartman and Gaiutra Bahadur to be accountable to enslaved and indentured lives and, in Hartman’s words, to ‘make visible the production of disposable lives.’ These methods actively question what we can know from the archives of an oppressor and, for this essay, enable a reading of Nāki’s life at the centre of a mission struggling over how to approach caste. Nāki’s story, I argue, helps reveal an underexplored aspect of the interrelationship between caste and slavery in South Asia, and underlines the value of considering South Asian slave narratives as source material into historiographically- and archivally-obscured aspects of dominant caste identity.
    [Show full text]
  • St. John's Began with Just Seven Students by Professor S
    St. John's Began with just seven students By Professor S. Ratnajeevan H. Hoole (Extracted from The Sunday Leader, April 5, 1998) This year St. John's celebrates its 175th anniversary. The dynamic enterprise that is St. John's must be judged in light of the motivation and dedication of its founders, who were determined to serve selflessly what must surely have been a strange people in a strange land. The early years of the 19th century saw the expansion of Christian missions in the British colonies. Colonial administrative officials, with their eye on profit, wanted good relations with the locals and had forbidden any Christian evangelical work and refused to employ those locals who had taken up the Christian faith. In the first year of British rule alone, 300 new Hindu temples were built in Jaffna by the British. Indeed, the antagonism to Christianity in the 20 year lull between the British take-over and the arrival of the first missionaries saw the number of temples in Jaffna growing 4 fold. The growing evangelical movement in England's Parliament put a stop to this and since 1813 Christian missions started to spread throughout the colonies. Arrival of Rev. Knight This development brought to Sri Lanka the Rev. Joseph Knight (born in Stroud, England, on October 17, 1787) and three others who were given the requisite training and ordained priest just before their departure in the Autumn of 1817 as missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, the CMS. It was a dangerous journey to the East with many a missionary dying or losing a family member before the journey's end.
    [Show full text]
  • EAP835 Survey Reports Anonymous Private Collection 1
    EAP835 Survey Reports Anonymous Private Collection 1 Description of materials: Collection 1 consists of ten manuscript volumes produced by the ​ American Ceylon Mission (ACM) between 1815 and 1883. These volumes include reports, ​ church record books, and minutes from ACM meetings, letterbooks, and a volume of advice for the wives of missionaries. Due to their focus on the ACM and authorship by its leading early figures, these volumes are related to the materials held in Collection 2, at the Jaffna Diocese of the Church of South India (JDCSI) in Vaddukoddai, Jaffna. Most of these materials are in fair to poor condition. Survey method: Seven manuscripts were originally shown to EAP835 Programme Managers ​ by a member of the Jaffna Protestant community who is well-known to Manager Mark Balmforth. The Managers immediately noted that the manuscripts are all unique files from the nineteenth-century and therefore digitizable by British Library guidelines. Following this discovery, the Managers were given permission to survey the Private Collector’s home to search for new materials but none were found. Over the course of five months, the Private Collector unearthed three other nineteenth-century manuscript volumes of the same subjects and value as the previous materials. The Collector has noted that they will willingly share with EAP835 any new documents they might come upon in the future. Description of archive: The materials from this collection were not arranged when found. They ​ were lent to EAP835 in a suitcase, in no particular order. When EAP835 finished digitizing the files, they were fumigated, wrapped in red cotton cloth to repel insects, labelled, and returned to the owner along with insect-repellent preservation sachets for proper storage.
    [Show full text]
  • Under the Giant's Tank
    UNDER THE GIANT’S TANK VILLAGE, CASTE, AND CATHOLICISM IN POSTWAR SRI LANKA Dominic Esler A thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology, University College London, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. December 2019. 2 I, Dominic Esler, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 4 ABSTRACT This thesis is an investigation of the relationship between the village, caste, and Catholicism in northern Sri Lanka. Drawing on almost two years of ethnographic fieldwork in Mannar District, as well as subsequent archival research, it provides a detailed analysis not only of the postwar context but also of prewar history, with a particular focus on the nineteenth century. In this thesis, I analyse three overlapping topics. First, I problematise ‘village’ through an examination of ‘cultural’ and ‘state’ village concepts, before arguing that within the complex social diversity of the village of Marudankandal there is a numerically dominant Tamil caste group, the Kadaiyars, whose prominence is reflected both rhetorically and through the control of institutions such as the Catholic village church. From this, I turn to two central dimensions of local caste praxis. First, I offer a historical explanation for the regional prevalence of village churches controlled by single castes, which remains a key characteristic of local Catholicism today. Second, I argue that despite the lessening of certain kinds of hierarchical caste relationships in recent decades, caste identities continue to be mobilised and expressed through regional communities, some of which maintain caste associations.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Politics of the Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora in Switzerland Insights for the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
    GLOBAL MIGRATION RESEARCH PAPER N°14│2015 Understanding the Politics Of the Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora in Switzerland Insights for the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs Philippe Gazagne and Amaia Sánchez-Cacicedo The Global Migration Research Paper Series is published by the Global Migration Centre (GMC). Located in Geneva, the world capital of global migration, the GMC offers a unique interface between academia and the international community. The GMC conducts advanced research, policy-relevant expertise and training on the multifaceted causes and consequences of global migration. Email: [email protected] Website: http://graduateinstitute.ch/globalmigration The views expressed in the Global Migration Research Paper Series do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. © Global Migration Centre Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies i | Global Migration Research Paper – 2015 | N°14 Philippe Gazagne is a Senior Researcher and a Project Coordinator at the Global Migration Centre (GMC) of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. He holds a PhD in Development Studies from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. Philippe Gazagne has conducted multi-sited research since 2003 in Sri Lanka and among the Tamil diaspora living in European countries (France, Switzerland and the UK) to study the modes of cooperation and economic strategies developed by migrants across borders. Within the context of the civil war in Sri Lanka, he specifically analyzed the circulation and use of transnational resources (among them remittances) and their consequences on war and post-conflict reconstruction. In 2010, he completed a two-year research project entitled “Debt & Migration: From Sri Lanka to Paris, Modalities of Financial Assistance in Situations of Uncertainty“ funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), where he combined a study of migration through the lenses of debt relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Educational Activities of American Missionaries in Jaffna (1796­1948)­A Historical View
    Kandiah Arunthavarajah(1) Educational activities of American Missionaries in Jaffna (1796­1948)­A Historical view (1) Dept.of History, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. ([email protected]) Abstract: The reign of British in Jaffna was distinct The research methodology is based on history. from other European powers especially from those of The primary sources for this study include the British Portuguese and Dutch. These distinctions were based documents, notes, letters and books written by the on political, economical and socio cultural levels. priests who had come here to propagate Christianity Jaffna was not an exception for these changes. The in Jaffna and archaeological and other historical period of Portuguese and Dutch made small changes materials. I have utilized as secondary sources, books in the life style of people, whereas the changes made and articles in the journals, magazines and internet during the British reign were remarkable. The main based sources. reason for these changes was the arrival of Christian Key Words: Bahthi Movement, Guru kula education, Missionaries and their services. The American Women education, missions schools Missionaries became more prominent as their services were more public oriented. As a result of this they could also imprint their name in the history of Jaffna. American Missionaries and their The notable period of the impact of the Missionaries arrival in Jaffna was from the 1820s to early 20th century. During this The Bahthi Movement which originated in period they engaged themselves in printing and publishing translations of English works into Tamil. Massachusetts formulated American mission in 1810. Printing publishing and establishment of primary , During their early days they travelled to India, China secondary and tertiary educational Institutions and and Burma to spread Christianity in Oriental provision of health care for residents of the Jaffna countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Representation and Conflict in a Multi
    MARI HOFSVANG POLITICAL REPRESENTATION AND CONFLICT IN A MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIETY: A STUDY OF THE CIVIL WAR AND THE CHALLENGES OF RESOLUTION IN SRI LANKA NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, NORAGRIC MASTER THESIS 30 CREDITS 2008 Credits The Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric, is the international gateway for the Norwegian University of Life Sciences’ (UMB) eight departments, associated research institutions and the Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine in Oslo. Established in 1986, Noragric’s contribution to international development lies in the interface between research, education (Bachelor, Master and PhD programmes) and assignments. The Noragric Master theses are the final theses submitted by students in order to fulfil the requirements under the Noragric Master programme “Management of Natural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture” (MNRSA), “Development Studies” and other Master programmes. The findings in this thesis do not necessarily reflect the views of Noragric. Extracts from this publication may only be reproduced after prior consultation with the author and on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation contact Noragric. © Mari Hofsvang, May 2008 [email protected] Noragric Department of International Environment and Development Studies P.O. Box 5003 N-1432 Ås Norway Tel.: +47 64 96 52 00 Fax: +47 64 96 52 01 Internet: http://www.umb.no/noragric i Declaration I, Mari Hofsvang, declare that this thesis is a result of my research investigations and findings. Sources of information other than my own have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended. This work has not been previously submitted to any other university for award of any type of academic degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Report American Board of Commissioners
    REPORT OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR jForeifltt ¿¡H ussions, READ AT THE TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING, HELD IN THE CITY OF BALTIMORE, SEPTEMBER 9, 10, & 11, 1835. BOSTON: PRINTED FOR THE BOARD, BY CROCKER & BREWSTER. 1835. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. CORPORATE MEMBERS. [The names under each State, are arranged according to the order of election.] Time o f Election. i H a i n e . 1813. Gen. HENRY SEWALL, Augusta. 1820. WILLIAM ALLEN, D. D. President of Bowdoin College. 1832. ENOCH POND, D. D. Professor in the Theological Seminary at Bangor. 1820. JOHN HUBBARD CHURCH, D. D. Pelham. 1830. Hon. GEORGE SULLIVAN, Exeter. 1832. NATHAN LORD, D. D. President of Dartmouth College. Uermont. 1818. Hon. CHARLES MARSH, Woodstock. 1821. JOSHUA BATES, D. D. President of Middlebury College. JHassadmsetts. 1810. WILLIAM BARTLET, Esq. Newburyport. 1818. Hon. WILLIAM REED, Marblehead. 1819. LEONARD WOODS, D. D. Professor in the Theological Seminary at Andover. 1821. SAMUEL HUBBARD, LL. D. Boston. 1821. WARREN FAY, D. D. Charlestown. 1823. EDWARD D. GRIFFIN, D. D. President of Williams College. 1823. HEMAN HUMPHREY, D. D. President of Amherst College. 1826. JOHN CODMAN, D. D. Dorchester. 1826. Hon. LEWIS STRONG, Northampton. 1826. JUSTIN EDWARDS, D. D. Andover. 1827. JOHN TAPPÄN, Esq. Boston. 1828. HENRY HILL, Esq. Boston. 1832. His Honor SAMUEL T. ARMSTRONG, Boston. 1832. Rev. RUFUS ANDERSON, Boston. 1832. Rev. DAVID GREENE, Boston. 1832. CHARLES STODDARD, Esq. Boston. 1834. Rev. SYLVESTER HOLMES, New Bedford. 1835. DANIEL NOYES, Esq. Boston. Connecticut. 1810. CALVIN CHAPIN, D. D. Wethersfield. 1817. JEREMIAH DAY, D. D. LL. D. President of Yale College.
    [Show full text]