November-December, 2009 Planning Commission to Support PAEC's Self-reliance Plans in Nuclear Power Generation: Sardar Aseff Ahmad Ali
To reap the immense potential of nuclear energy, a clean and cost competitive source of electricity, Planning Commission will support Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) to enhance its indigenous technical facilities for the manufacturing and installation of nuclear power plants.
This was stated by Federal Minister and Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, Sardar Aseff Ahmed Ali on the eve of his visit to Chashma Nuclear Power Plants on November 7, 2009.
PAEC plans, to install more nuclear power plants to contribute to the pressing electricity requirements of the country, are well-founded and its increasing indigenous capability in this Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, Sardar Aseff Ahmad Ali inaugurates site for the establishment domain deserves our full support and of Education Centre at Chashma barrage. we will provide all what is possible to From (L to R) Dr. Ansar Parvez, Chairman, PAEC, Sardar Aseff Ahmad Ali and Dr. Samar Mubarakmand, this organization, which has an Member (S&T) Planning Commission . excellent track record of delivering what ever was assigned to it, he said. operating well and PAEC is moving the PAEC in nuclear power generation forward to install many more nuclear and cited the example of KANUPP There is huge reservoir of technical power plants in the coming years. which is being run through indigenous know-how available with PAEC which capabilities since 1976 when the can be utilized for socio-economic uplift In future nuclear power projects, the supplier withdrew all support and world of the country. We need to strengthen indigenous capability is to play an placed embargoes on us. this center of excellence for a increasing role. We already have prosperous Pakistan, Sardar Aseff workshops and facilities in place to this Deputy Chairman, Planning stated. end and we are working to enhance this Commission undertook a detailed visit capacity all along, Dr. Parvez informed. of C-1 and C-2 projects. C-1 is He said, due to global warming caused connected to the grid since September by fossil fuel based electricity plants, Chairman said that the technical 2000 with an excellent availability nuclear energy as clean source has facilities and know-how available with factor and under construction C-2 is to staged resurgence and it is heartening the PAEC is at the disposal of the be operational by mid 2011. to know that PAEC is poised to take a Planning Commission or any other lead in nuclear generation. national institution to make use of the Deputy Chairman, Planning same for the benefit of the country. Commission also inaugurated a site for Speaking on the occasion, Chairman development of educational facilities PAEC, Dr. Ansar Parvez said that Earlier in his presentation, DG, up to university level for the needs of Pakistan's nuclear power plants are Chashma, Mr. Safder Habib dwelt at nuclear power complex at Chashma length on the self-reliance program of barrage. 1 Sardar Aseff Ahmad Ali, Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission andDr. Samar Mubarakm and , Member (S&T) Planning Commission along with Dr. Ansar Parvez, Chairman, PAEC and otherPAEC officials visiting under construction Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (C-2) . Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission issues policy on Nuclear Safety
A. BACKGROUND B. STATEMENT OF THE POLICY provided for safe operation and safety upgrades of operating facilities, and for Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission It is the policy of Pakistan Atomic safe design of new facilities. PAEC is (PAEC) is the owner and operator of a Energy Commission (PAEC) that the committed to ensuring that an number of nuclear facilities which general public is protected such that no acceptable level of nuclear safety is include nuclear power plants, research individual bears significant additional accorded the highest priority and is not reactors, nuclear medical centers, risk to health and safety from the compromised for any reason. nuclear agricultural and biotechnology operation of a PAEC nuclear facility centers, industrial units using above the risks to which the members C. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE of the general population are normally radioactive sources, research and POLICY exposed. PAEC is committed to taking training centers etc. PAEC being the appropriate steps so that occupational To implement this nuclear safety policy, licensee of nuclear facilities has overall radiation exposure to personnel PAEC undertakes to establish safety responsibility for the fulfillment of safety working in its nuclear facilities is objectives, effective management, requirements for its nuclear activities. maintained as low as reasonably safety oversight and assessment The purpose of this document is to achievable (ALARA). PAEC is also programs, decommissioning and establish and declare the basic nuclear committed to achieving excellent radioactive waste management safety policy from which specific safety performance in all activities important to programs, emergency preparedness rules, procedures and other safety and to striving for improvements plans, physical protection plans and requirements follow. However, it is in safety related equipment and manpower development programs. appropriate to mention that PAEC has practices wherever it is reasonably PAEC also undertakes that adherence practicable to do so. PAEC undertakes to safety regulations and standards, been fulfilling the safety objectives that necessary financial and material establishment of an adequate safety even prior to this formal policy resources as well as qualified and culture and information to public about statement. trained manpower continue to be nuclear emergencies are ensured. 2 1. Safety Objectives Assurance of safety is not to be plans for nuclear facilities that are compromised to achieve production routinely tested and cover the activities or research objectives. to be carried out in the event of an i) PAEC is committed to taking all emergency. For new nuclear reasonably practical steps to installations such plans will be prepared achieve the following two safety 3. Safety Regulations and Standards and reviewed before shifting nuclear objectives: materials to the site. PAEC undertakes PAEC is committed to compliance to provide information to the public a) The risk of prompt fatality to an with national safety regulations and about nuclear and radiological average individual in the vicinity of a adherence to applicable national emergencies in a timely, open and PAEC nuclear facility, as a result of standards for its licensed nuclear transparent manner. PAEC also an accident in the facility, should not facilities. undertakes to arrange for raising the exceed 0.1 % of the sum of prompt level of public awareness about the fatalities due to other accidents to 4. Oversight andAssessment of risks implied in appropriate context of which the members of the public are the benefits of nuclear technology. generally exposed. Safety b) The risk of cancer fatalities to PAEC undertakes to ensure that the 7. Physical Protection population in the area of a PAEC managements of its nuclear facilities nuclear facility that might result have adequate capability for monitoring PAEC is committed to taking from the operation of the facility and assessing their safety appropriate measures for ensuring should not exceed 0.1 % of the sum performance. PAEC is committed to physical protection of nuclear materials of all cancer fatalities due to all establishing and maintaining a and radioactive sources. It is also other causes. capability at the corporate level, undertaken that adequate recovery independent of the management of its procedures are adopted if control is lost It is appropriate to mention that these nuclear facilities, to monitor and over such materials or sources. safety objectives are not substitutes for oversee all aspects of safety. compliance with regulations. Independent oversight is not a substitute for the responsibility of the 8. Manpower Development ii) In striving to realize these objectives management of a nuclear facility. It PAEC is committed to designing, serves as an independent source of PAEC is committed to ensuring that its constructing, operating and information for senior management. nuclear facilities are staffed with decommissioning its nuclear Independent reviews and assessments adequately qualified personnel at all facilities with: performed by national regulatory body times. Potential hazards associated and international expert organizations with nuclear operations dictate that are also beneficial in the fulfillment of PAEC personnel possess necessary ? Appropriate barriers and engineered safety objectives. technical competence, commitment, safety features to prevent or discipline and high standards of minimize potential radioactive 5. Decommissioning and Waste professional and personal excellence. releases. Management PAEC undertakes to ensure that its ? training institutes and other Procedural controls to mitigate the establishments have the ability to effects of potential releases. PAEC undertakes to establish aging recruit, train and qualify personnel for management programs at its nuclear specific job positions. PAEC is iii) Proposed modifications to existing power plants for maintaining the level of committed to allocating adequate facilities to achieve these safety. PAEC is committed to carrying resources for technical training of its objectives shall be prioritized based out decommissioning of its nuclear manpower in PAEC's training institutes on their safety significance. facilities in a safe manner when it and other national and international becomes necessary. PAEC is also institutions. 2. Management committed to safe and secure management of radioactive waste 9. Safety Culture generated from activities in its nuclear PAEC is committed to establishing facilities in compliance to National clear lines of authority and Policy on Radioactive Waste PAEC is committed to establishing and responsibility for ensuring safety at all Management. PAEC undertakes to promoting a safety culture at its nuclear levels. The management of a PAEC ensure provision of adequate financial facilities, which encourages setting nuclear facility has the primary resources for decommissioning and high standards, identifying and responsibility for safe operation of the waste management at important resolving problems and openness to facility according to the applicable nuclear facilities by creating funds for questioning and criticism. It undertakes regulations. The management of the decommissioning and waste to maintain a blame-free environment facility is also responsible for management. for the workers at its nuclear facilities providing clear and adequate ensuring mutual respect and effective guidance to its contractors to ensure communication with various levels of that safety is integrated into all the 6. Emergency Preparedness management for continuous activities. Contractor responsibility for safety does not in any way relieve PAEC is committed to taking enhancement of safety in all the the management of the facility of the appropriate steps to ensure that there activities. Text of the policy is also responsibility of assuring safety. are on-site and off-site emergency available on PAEC website: 7 3 Breast Cancer Awareness Program at NIMRA, Jamshoro PAEC’s Nuclear Institute of Medicine & Radiotherapy (NIMRA) organized a breast cancer awareness program on 7th November 2009 to create awareness among the female community of the region. Honorable Provincial Minister for Women Development, Mrs. Touqeer Fatima Bhutto was the chief guest, Prof. Aftab Munir Siddiqui, Consultant Gynaecologist, Isra University was a guest of honor and Prof. Dr. Noshad Ahmed Shaikh, Vice Chancellor, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, (LUMHS) was a special guest on this auspicious occasion. About 100 participants including breast Provincial Minister for Women Development Sindh, Mrs. Touqeer Fatima Bhutto (center) presiding over the surgeons, lady health workers, lady “Breast Cancer Awareness Program” at NIMRA, Jamshoro. health visitors and female staff of Sindh To her right are Dr. Naeem Ahmed Leghari, Director, NIMRA, Mr. Amir Naveed (BM, ICI) and to her left are University were present in the program. Professor Dr. Aftab Munir (Isra University) and Dr. Naushad Ahmed Sheikh (VC, LUMHS).
Dr. Naeem Ahmed Laghari, Director, and we all have to play our role by disseminate this program up to the rural NIMRA in his welcome address joining hands to fight against it. If it is level to diagnose the breast cancer in mentioned that breast cancer is the diagnosed at an early stage, the early stage. She also announced most common cancer in females in management is very effective and donation of an Ambulance for this Pakistan, where 90,000 women are 100% cure of the disease is possible. Institute. affected by breast cancer annually, only 10% are diagnosed and out of The honorable Provincial Minister in In the end, the participants visited the them 75% women do not get treatment her speech appreciated the efforts of Breast Care Clinic, Mobile and die within five years. The Breast NIMRA to organize this awareness Mammography unit and Dr. Aisha Cancer Awareness is a joint venture program for female community and Siddiqua, SMO briefed about breast stressed on the health workers to screening and self-breast examination. Training Course for Project Directors jointly organized by PAEC & Planning Commission
A training course for Project Directors/Officials of PAEC was jointly organized by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and Planning Commission of Pakistan on November 14-15, 2009. About 55 Project Directors/Officials participated in the course and 9 resource persons were provided by Planning Commission of Pakistan to conduct the course. Welcoming the participants, the PAEC- PSDP focal person, Dr. Syed Javaid Khurshid, Director Projects Coordination mentioned that at present about 40 Public Sector Development Projects (PSDP) related to PAEC are in progress. The Director, MIS, Planning Commission, Mr. Irfan Rafique said that e-linking of PAEC to Planning Commission website will Member (Fuel Cycle) PAEC, Mr. Muhammad Naeem with Trainers from Planning Commission and PDs/Officials of PAEC. enhance the efficiency and disposal as the Projects Profile, Cash/Work Plan emphasized that this training course will completion of the projects. He details are now available online. facilitate the Project Directors in their appreciated the help & efforts of working because this input of data will Planning Commission to organize this Inaugurating the course, Member (Fuel help in timely releases of the projects course for PAEC Project Directors . Cycle) Mr. Muhammad Naeem cost and thus will result in timely 4 Molybdenum-99 Production Facility commissioned at PINSTECH
AMolybdenum-99 (Mo-99) production facility has been installed and commissioned at Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) Islamabad. The facility will meet all the current demands of molybdenum-99/technetium-99m generators in the country as well as has export potential.
Radiopharmaceuticals labelled with Technetium-99m are routinely used to get image of different organs of human body for diagnosis of different diseases. The prominent position of this radionuclide on the market has been due to its near ideal nuclear properties, the ready availability in the form of convenient, user friendly column chromatographic Mo-99/Tc- 99m generator systems.
The parent radionuclide Mo-99 is A view of the Molybdenum-99 Production Laboratory. mainly produced by the nuclear fission of U-235. Small amounts of Mo-99 are These generators are supplied to millicurie level of Molybdenum-99 in produced also by the neutron activation PAEC, government and private December 2009. Upscaling of method. However, current applications Nuclear Medical Centers in Pakistan. Molybdenum-99 production will be of Mo-99/Tc-99m generators almost However Mo-99 for loading of Tc-99m performed gradually and after a few completely depend on the fission generators is weekly imported from months regular production of Mo-99 will production of Mo-99. South Africa. The price of Mo-99 is be started. Extra Mo-99 produced in increasing sharply. To overcome the this facility may be exported to other With the expansion of nuclear medicine problems associated with the import of countries. program in government and public Mo-99 or generators, such as increase sector, more and more clinics are in the price of Mo-99, import policies, adopting nuclear techniques for delay and changes in supply schedule, diagnosis of different diseases. etc. the indigenous production of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Molybdenum-99 in the country became has established 13 Cancer Hospitals imperative. in the different parts of the country whereas20 medical centers are PINSTECH submitted PC-1 on operating in government and private “Production of Molybdenum-99 for sector. Indigenous production of Medical Use”, which was approved by Molybdenum-99 will encourage these Planning Commission of Pakistan in practices. March 2004.
For the last 6 years PINSTECH is The installation work with in-cell manufacturing PAKGEN Tc-99m equipment was finished inJune 2007. generators in the Molybdenum-99 Several simulated tracer runs were loading facility in Isotope Production then conducted in the facility and finally Division at PINSTECH. 30 generators hot commissioning of the facility was are weekly produced in this facility. accomplished with the production of
5 PIEAS organizes its first International Conference on Ph.D. degree for PAEC Engineer Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Dr. Sufi Tabassum Gul, Senior Engineer at PIEAS, PAEC has Department of Medical Sciences, hospitals and other public/private PIEAS organized its first International been awarded Ph.D. degree by sector hospitals namely, Shaukat Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité Conference on Nuclear Medicine and Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Oncology on 21-22 October 2009 at (SUPELEC)/University of Research Center, Lahore, Agha Khan Rennes-I, France, in the domain PIEAS in collaboration with Higher University Hospital, Karachi, Punjab Education Commission (HEC). of Signal Processing and Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Federal Telecommunications. He was working with Dr. Ansar Parvez, Chairman, PAEC Government Services Hospital, Prof. Dr. Christophe MOY and Prof. presided the opening ceremony, which Islamabad, NESCOM Hospital, Dr. Jacques PALICOT in the field of Software was also attended, among others, by Islamabad, Nishter Hospital, Multan, Defined Radio (SDR) under the overseas Dr. Abdur Rasheed, Member Sindh Institute of Urology & scholarship program of HEC, Pakistan. His (Biosciences) and Mr. Mansoor Ali Transplantation, Karachi and KRL thesis entitled “Optimization of Multi- Sheikh, Member (Finance) PAEC. Hospital, Islamabad. Standards Software Defined Radio Equipment:ACommon Operator'sApproach” Resource persons from inland and More than fifty papers were presented was awarded a grade of Très honorable/ abroad (China, Hungary and Saudi orally in four plenary sessions. Eight Arabia) delivered lectures and shared Excellent by jury, composed of professors separate parallel sessions of nuclear from different European universities. SDR's their expertise, technological advances medicine and oncology and an and future trends in nuclear medicine parameterization techniques can help reduce interactive nuclear cardiology session the cost, size and power consumption of SDR and oncology. The two-day event was were also held. Eleven poster attended by a large community of equipment, which are required to support a presentations were exhibited during wide range of existing and future wireless Nuclear Medicine Physicians and the conference. Oncologists from various PAEC cancer technologies and services.
Posting in the MissionAbroad participated in IAEA National H Mr. Shakeel Ahmed, Principal H Training Course on “Electric System Scientist, KNPC, Karachi. Mr. Muhammad Saeed Mulla, Deputy Expansion Planning Package Chief Scientist, Disarmament & (WASP)” held in Vienna (Austria) HMr. Shahid Ali, Senior Scientist, Safeguards Cell, PAEC HQ has from 09-20 November 2009 under KNPC, Karachi been posted as Minister (Technical) IAEA Regional Project - Enhancing . in the Permanent Mission of Human and Nuclear Technology Visits of Foreigners to Pakistan to the UN, Geneva, Capacities. Switzerland for a period of three Pakistan years from 27 December 2009. The following officers of PAEC AppointmentsAbroad attended IPSART Mission at IAEA HQ, H Dr.Terry Townsend, Executive Vienna (Austria) from 07-15 December, Director of the International Cotton 2009: H Dr. Javed Anver Qureshi, Deputy Advisory Committee Washington, USA visited NIBGE, Faisalabad on Chief Scientist, Head, Health H Mr. Najmus Saqib, Chief Engineer, 06 November 2009 for discussion Biotechnology Division, NIBGE, Director (DPSA), Karachi Nuclear on Cotton Biotechnology. Faisalabad will join the position of Power Complex (KNPC), Karachi. Associate Professor (Biochemistry) H Dr. Srinvas V. Kaveri (French), a at King Khalid University, Abha H Mr. Muhammad Arif, Principal renowned Immunologist and Kingdom of SaudiArabia for a period Engineer, Chashma Nuclear Power rd Dr. Sandie Favier, (French) Attache Plant (CHASNUPP (C-1), Kundian. of one year from 3 week of for Science and Technology, French December 2009. H Embassy at Islamabad delivered a Mr. Abdus Samad, Senior Scientist, th H Dr. Naeem Iqbal, Principal Engineer, CHASNUPP (C-1), Kundian. lecture at NIBGE, Faisalabad on 10 PIEAS, Islamabad will join as December 2009. Associate Professor in the H Mr. Saeed Ahmed, Senior Scientist, H Mrs. Elizabeth Anne Trevan Department of Electrical CHASNUPP (C-1), Kundian. (Australian),Health Consultant is Engineering, Umm Al-Qura H currently visiting INMOL, CENUM, University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia for Mr. Muhammad Azhar, Senior rd Engineer, CHASNUPP (C-1), Lahore, BINO, Bahawalpur, MINAR, a period of one year from 3 week of Kundian. Multan and NORI, Islamabad from December 2009. 17-24 December 2009 to help Assignments of PAEC Officers H Mr. Mazhar ul Islam, Senior improving the PAEC Breast Care Abroad Engineer, Chashma Nuclear Power Program. She will also meet H Plant (CHASNUPP (C-2), Kundian. Member (Bio-Sciences) and Mr. Noor Jamal, Senior Engineer and Chairman, PAEC during her visit. Mr. Jawad Bashir, Junior Engineer, H Syed Ishaq, Principal Engineer, Applied Systems Analysis Division KNPC, Karachi. H Mr. Maxim Mihai (Romanian) of M/s. (ASAD), PAEC, Islamabad ASTER, Italy visited KNPC, Karachi
6 A group photograph taken on the eve of get-together of former Directors/Director Generals of PINSTECH. Contd. from P-8, PINSTECH reminisces and resolves to excel being provided by the current Director Commission. Over the years, PAEC has General, PINSTECH, Engr. Nasrullah engaged itself in a variety of areas from Khan Qazi, and appreciated the Medicines to Agriculture, from Nuclear remarkable achievements made by Power to National Defense and of PINSTECH scientists & engineers. All course from R&D to Human Resource the guests of honour were awarded with Development and is thus playing a vital PINSTECH Shields, Photo Albums role in the socio-economic development containing historic developments at of the country. PINSTECH during the period 1963- 2009 and bouquets by the Chairman, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science PAEC, Member (Physical Sciences), and Technology (PINSTECH) has been playing a pivotal role in the development and Director General, PINSTECH st respectively. of PAEC Program since Pakistan's 1 Research Reactor (PARR-I) went In his concluding address, Dr. critical in 1965. Since then, under the Ansar Parvez, Chairman, PAEC able leadership and guidance of thanked the former Directors/ Director Directors (later the post was upgraded Generals of PINSTECH for accepting as Director General), researchers at the invitation and enabling PINSTECH PINSTECH have made significant researchers to celebrate this contributions to promote peaceful memorable day with them. He declared applications of Nuclear Science & them as great architects of this Institute Technology in solving problems of and appreciated their contributions in national interest in the fields of this regard. He said PINSTECH, its environment, agriculture, life sciences, leaders and scientists/engineers can industry, materials and defense etc.As a take great pride of the fact that almost all mother institution, PINSTECH also projects of PAEC have PINSTECH's provided competent scientific and fingerprints on them. These projects technical manpower to various other eventually left their nursery, which is strategic organizations in the build up PINSTECH, as they grew and and progression of national defense established themselves in their own program. During the year 2002, the right. We are fortunate that we belong to Islamic Development Bank (IDB) an organization which has earned the honoured PINSTECH with the award of reputation of delivering for what it was the best R&D Center in the Islamic established. With all these attributes, World. PINSTECH should take a leading role in promoting the program of the 7 PINSTECH reminisces and resolves to excel Pays tribute to its former Directors and Director Generals
Chairman, PAEC, Dr. Ansar Parvez addressing a get-together of former Directors / Director Generals of PINSTECH. Sitting (L to R) Dr. Abdul Ghaffar, Dr. Hameed Ahmad Khan, Dr. Iqbal Hussain Qures hi, Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad, Dr. N.M. Butt, Dr. Nisar Ahmad and Dr. Mustanser Jehangir.
To acknowledge the able guidance and Science Foundation and presently paid rich tributes to the valuable contributions made by the dynamic leadership of PINSTECH over the past 44 Professor, Preston University, services rendered by his predecessors. years and seeking inspiration from their Islamabad He mentioned that the former aura, PINSTECH organized a get- Directors/Director Generals are in fact 4.Dr. Hameed Ahmad Khan, Scientist our mentors and we cherish the sweet together of its former Directors and Emeritus, Former Executive Director, Director Generals on November 17th 2009 memories of their tenures. They have COMSATS and presently Advisor, enabled PINSTECH researchers to upon the initiative of Dr. Ansar Parvez, COMSATS Chairman, PAEC and Dr. Shoaib determine their scientific goals, as well Ahmad, Member (Physical Sciences), 5.Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Prof. Rafi as to plan and execute important PAEC. This unique event of its type at Muhammad Chair, Government projects of national interest. He also PINSTECH was named as “A Day with its College University, Lahore expressed his gratitude to the Former Directors and Director Generals”. Chairman, PAEC and Member The event was organized by Dr. Jamshed 6.Dr. Abdul Ghaffar, former DG, (Physical Sciences) for providing this Hussain Zaidi, CS (Director Science) and Chairman Secretariat, PAEC and unique opportunity to celebrate the Dr. Riffat Mahmood Qureshi, CS (Director Technical Expert to Ministry of event with former Directors and Director Coordination). The following Science and Technology Generals of PINSTECH. former Directors/ Director Generals 7. Dr. Mustanser Jehangir, Advisor to The stage secretary, Dr. Sohaila graced the occasion to receive tributes Member, Physical Sciences, PAEC from a large number of scientists and Rehman, PS (Chemistry Division) gave engineers of PAEC: Following recitation from The Holy comprehensive introduction of all the Quran, the Director General, former Directors/DGs. Following this, 1.Dr.Ishfaq Ahmad, former Chairman, PINSTECH, Engr. Nasrullah Khan the distinguished guests of honour PAEC and presently Advisor (S&T) Qazi welcomed the distinguished expressed their deep affiliations with Planning Commission of Pakistan guests of honour and presented a PINSTECH and recalled the memories 2.Dr. Iqbal Hussain Qureshi, Scientist scientific and technical overview of of their past. They also narrated their Emeritus and former Member PINSTECH covering briefs on historical specific strategies, which they Technical/SeniorMember, PAEC milestones as well as on-going projects employed to marshal the resources and sponsored by the Ministry of Science & inspire the workforce for the attainment 3. Dr. Noor Muhammad Butt, Scientist Technology/ Planning Commission of of their goals. They acknowledged the Emeritus, former Chairman Pakistan Pakistan and future course of action. He skillful leadership and able guidance Contd. on P-7.
Edited and produced by Muhammad Ijaz, Director, Scientific Information and Public Relations, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission P.O. Box No 1114, Islamabad, e-mail:[email protected] 8