ANNUAL REPORT 1999-2000

PAKISTAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION PAEC Annual Report for the year 1999-2000 aims to compile salient features of its activities undertaken and accomplished during this period. The publication of this document is a statutory requirement under the provisions of section 15

(b) of PAEC Ordinance, 1965, the contents of which reflect the Commission's achievements and engagements in different segments of its working.

While presenting this report, the Commission places on record its deep appreciation for the contributions rendered by all the scientists, engineers, tech• nicians, and administrative and financial personnel toward the pursuit of its

Programme. CONTENTS

Highlights 1

Nuclear Power 7

Physical Sciences & Engineering 15

Bio-Sciences 22

Nuclear Minerals 36

Human Resource Development 41

Projects 44

International Relations 46

Finance 49

Publications 51 HIGHLIGHTS

NUCLEAR POWER

Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) KANUPP established a new record of 130 days 16 hrs. & 38 minutes of continuous op• eration surpassing the previ• ous longest operation record of 113 days achieved in 1995. The Plant operated smoothly at 84 MWe from Feb 17-June 26, 2000 to achieve this mile• stone. During the period from July, 1999 to June, 2000 KANUPP generated a total of 399.21 GWh which raised the cumulative generation since Chashma Nuclear Power reactor on May 03. 2000. Net Power Date iNPD) to Plant (CHASNUPP) Startup physics tests at low 9,696.54 GWh. The total on• power were then successfully After having completed con• line time of turbo generator completed. struction of the 300 Mwe was 5.041.36 hours which The plant was connected to Chashma Nuclear Power raised the cumulative running the nation grid on June 13, Plant, step by step commis• time upto 30th June. 2000 to 2000 and started supplying sioning of the plant equipment 138,697.53 hours. electrical power to WAP DA. and systems remained in pro• The gross capacity and avail• The plant operated between gress during the reporting pe• ability factors during the period 15-30 percent full power during riod. were 33.2% & 57.4% respec• the month of June for trial op• The commissioning pro• tively. Life time average figures eration purposes. gramme was earlier approved for these are 28.7% and 55.9% The power of the plant was in• by CHASNUPP as well as by respectively. creased gradually after con• the Regulatory Authority duct of pre-determined power Mr. Milorad Dusic, IAEA Tech• (DNSRP) and was continu• tests.The plant was operated nical Officer for the project ously monitored and witnessed by a joint CHASNUPP and "Improve Safety Features Of at pre-determined control CZEC team in which CHASNUPP KANUPP (ISFK)" visited KAN• points. operators played the leading UPP from 19-23 March. 2000 Fuel loading at CHASNUPP role. to finalize the requirement of was started on Nov. 22. 1999 PAEC entered into an ad-hoc expert mission for 2000 to which after loading all the 121 2002. arrangement with WAPDA for fuel assemblies in the reactor the cost of supply of electrical During his visit the cases for core, was completed on Nov. power during the commission• requirement of expert missions 28, 1999. ing period. Negotiations are in were discussed and finalized. Stage commissioning as per progress with WAPDA for final• As per its recommendation, commissioning programme izing Power Purchase Agree• new safety cases were pre• continued after fuel loading ment pared and submitted to IAEA. achieving first criticality of the

l Applied Systems cooperation and support was Computational Physics Analysis Group (ASAG) provided to other PAEC estab• lishments in the above fields. Pressurizer and shaker have A detailed economic and finan• been interfaced with the re• cial analysis of Chashma Nu• PHYSICAL SCIENCES cently installed mam test loop clear Power Project for deter• for the Pakistan Science Foun• mining suitable tariff for sale of AND ENGINEERING dation Project "Stress Analysis electricity from Chasnupp to of Piping System subjected to WAPDA was carried out. Reactor Operations Dynamic Loading". Study on 'Incorporation of en• Pakistan Research Reactor-1 vironmental regulation in me• (PARR-1} was operated for Fast Neutron Physics dium to long term planning for 837 hours including 642 hours electric system expansion in Neutron induced reaction operation at full power gener• cross-section measurements Pakistan", was also carried out ating 5796 MWh of energy. under the coordinated re• have been performed on reac• Pakistan Research Reactor-2 tor structural materials at 14.6 search programme of the (PARR-2) was operated for 87 IAEA. A study has also been MeV neutron energy. Most of hours during which 1096 sam• the results are in good agree• initiated, under an IAEA CRP, ples were irradiated. After to identify ::the role of nuclear ment with the literature. about 10 years operation, the Thermal neutron cross-section power in Pakistan in mitigating excess reactivity of the reactor greenhouse gases emissions and resonance integral of core was decreased and the 159 from the energy sector". Tb has been carried out af• continuous operation of reactor ter irradiation of samples at for 5 hours became impossi• PARR-I and PARR-II. Institute for Nuclear Power ble. Beryllium shim was added Positron lifetime measurement (INUP) in the Beryllium shim tray experiment is being setup us• which has increased the core INUP continued its efforts for ing the Fast-Slow coincidence reactivity to 4 mK. attaining the capability for indi- technique for crystalline defect genized nuclear power plant/ studies on Co-base super al• research rectors. This included Reactor Experiments loys. work concerning in-core fuel R&D activities regarding the management, accident analy• IAEA Project entitled "Loose Laser Studies sis, fuel design, development, Parts Monitoring for Safety of and safety analysis for PWR Multi-colour spectroscopy of Nuclear Power Plant" were type reactors. Technical neutral tin (Sn) was carried out continued. with an atomic beam source. Hyperfine structure of various elements like Lanthanum, Hol- mium and Vanadium in the wavelength range between 5600A and 62G0A have been investigated, using an Argon ion pumped narrow band width (500KHZ) ring dye laser and commercial hollow cathodes.

Radiation & Isotope Application

The emission regulator, a part of new control system of one of the GD-150 mass spec• Locally developed mass spectrometer for isotope analysis atPINSTECH trometers, was designed and

2 fabricated, it was successfully Synthesis of Mn02/SiO: com• plant and at other radioactive/ tested during independent op• posite materials and their up• radiochemical laboratories at eration. Analytical methodol• take properties for divalent the Institute. During the period ogy for Biological Oxygen De• metal ions are being studied. under report, 6178 radiation/ mand (BOD) & Chemical Oxy• contamination surveys were gen Demand (COD) determi• Radio-pharmaceutical Cold carried out and personnel con• nation of river and stream wa• Kits Production tamination monitoring of radia• tion workers/visitors was con• ter was developed. Production of radioisotopes I- ducted on 13837 occasions. 131 (87 Ci), P-32 (545 mCi), Chemical Material Studies Tc-99m: Lu-140, Au-190, Br- Computers R&D work on the characteri• 82, Cr-51, Rb-86 and Na-24 zation of mild steel specimens and radio-pharmaceutical cold dtp coated with yttna doped kits for medical and industrial A software package for the on• applications was continued zirconia through sol-gel tech• line registration of Summer through out the year and 4.5 nique has been carried out. R& College participants has been million rupees were generated. D work on the synthesis and char• developed. This package was Nine radio-pharmaceutical cold acterization of silicoalminophos- then embedded in the web site kits of Tc-99m (worth 6.02 mil• for Nathiagali Summer Col• phate microporous materials re• lion rupees) were produced lege, hosted at CERN. The two mained in progress. Physico- and supplied to Nuclear Medi• computer systems continued chemical properties of SAPO-5 cal Centres. to work satisfactorily. Com• and SAPO-11 microporous puter services worth Rs.7.014 materials were measured us• Ail the batches were subjected million against 7014.62 CPU ing the SEM, XRD and BET to various quality control tests. Tc-99m plant provided by hours of SUN Workstations techniques. IAEA has been installed and were provided some qualify control experi• Polymer Processing and Nine FUJITSU line printer's in• ments were performed. Radiation Studies terface modules for M.S. de• partment of POF Wah were Radiation resistant polypropyl• Applied Health Physics designed and fabricated. ene, heat press sneets, and syringe components were fab• Radiation protection services Scientific Information ricated using Gadoon Amazai were provided at PARR-1, Syringe Manufacturing Facility. PARR-II, 1-131 production Regu'.ar monthly services in• cluding SD! from the newly added information in the in- house databases of INIS, Ta• ble of Contents (TOCs) of journals and technical reports and retrospective searches were provided to managers, scientists and engineers of PINSTECH, all PAEC estab• lishments, R&D organizations and universities within the country against 420 profiles registered by them in SID. Retrospective searching facil• ity was provided from the INIS database on CD-ROM cover• ing period si nee 1970 onwards.

3 BIO-SCIENCES

Mutation breeding

The cultivation of wheat va• rieties Sarsabz Soghat 90 and Kiran 95, evolved by Nu• clear Institute of Agricuture (NIA), continued on the farm• ers fields covering more than 50% area under wheat in the Sindh Province. NIFA wneat varieties Bakhtawar-92 and Fakhr-e-Sarhad performed very well during the yearl 999-2000. Pre-basic seed of Shadab (1308 kg), Shua 92 (1219 kg) and Khushboo 95 (684 kg) devel• Effect of Azotobacter and sulphur fertilization on maize oped by NIA was supplied to of the provinceof Sindh. Two acres with the coordination of the Sindh Seed Corporation promising sugarcane lines Al-Noor Sugar Milis, Moro and and progressive farmers in AEC86-328 and AEC86-347. Habib Sugar Mills. Nawab- Sindh and Baluchistan for fur• will be promoted in the Na• shah. ther multiplication and post re• tional Uniform Sugarcane The bio-control technique suc• lease verification trials. Yield Trials. cessfully suppressed the infes• 4400 Kg certified seed and A Kabuli chickpea variety 'CM tation of the borers below eco• 145 Kg P^e-basic seed of 2000" developed by NIFA has nomic injury level throughout NlAB-lm-9 ard 40 Kg of Kashmir been approved by the Punjab the season in the entire treated Basmati was produced and Seed Council for general culti• area. distributed among farmers and vation. Seed Corporations for further Plant Molecular Breeding multiplication. Entomology Pre-basic seed of NIA-98, a The land mark of the year re• mid maturing and high yield• Releases of parasitoids, search in this discipline at ing variety of sugarcane, was Trichogramma chilonis for the NIAB is the identification of supplied to Sindh Seed Corpo• management of sugarcane some bacterial strains that can ration and progressive farmers borers were carried out on an produce two different types of area of more than 110.000 enzymes (penicillin G and penicillin V acylases) just by changing the substrate: a characteristics which is not very common in bacterial cul• tures. The significance of this feature is that, now with these particular strains, in addition to penicillin G, penicillin V produced by the local ndustry which is usually being wasted, can also be converted into 6- APA One day symposium on "Awareness about Breast Cancer " at NORI Biotechnology and NUCLEAR MEDICAL Shanawah near Karak Genetic Engineering SCIENCES where continuity of uranium ore has been proved over a Plant Biotechnology Division at Promoting the use of ionizing strike length of 2 kms. National Institute for Biotech• and radioactive sources for the Detailed geological studies nology & Genetic Engineering, diagnostics and treatment of were carried out at other NIBGE continued to make patients has been an essential prospective sites in the area valuable contributions in the part of the Commission's pro• and in Marwat Range national efforts to combat cot• gramme of using nuclear en• ( Bannu Basin) and Man- ton leaf curl disease (CLCD). ergy for peaceful purposes. char Formation ( Kirthar Cellulases. and gluccamylases Twelve PAEC medical centres Range). were produced after cultivation located in all the four provinces Oxidized uranium mineraliza• of Archionatus sp. in Vogel's of Pakistan are providing regu• tion has been found in the wheat bran medium. The en• lar services to the patients. Manchar Formation for the first zymes were purified to homo• The main function of PAEC time which, along with other geneity level and characterized medical centres includes, use favourable indicators, makes it for enzyme properties. of radioactive isotopes for the a prime target area for uranium Alpha-amylase produced diagnosis of a variety of dis• exploration. from various Bacillus strains eases, treatment of cancer pa• Experimental work was was purified to homogeneity tient using radioisotopes and carried out on processing level and characterized for radiation sources, research in of carbonatite ore from enzyme properties. The en• the field of nuclear medicine Malakand and sandstone zyme was comparable, with and teaching and training stu• ore from Shanawah respect to liquefaction, with dents of graduate and post commercial enzyme prepa• graduate level. SCIENTIFIC & ration from NOVO Chemical During the year 1999-2000. Co., Switzerland. the PAEC medical centres ENGINEERING Thermodynamic and ki• provided diagnostic & treat• SERVICES netic studies of two iso-en- ment facilities to about The Scientific and Engineering zymes (POX-A & POX-B) 280,000 patients which of Horseradish peroxidase Services Directorate has es• shows an increase of 12% tablished unique CNC machin• (HRP) have been com• over the previous year. pleted for the removal of ing facilities, 30m long anneal- phenol. Biosorption proc• ess for the removal of Cr NUCLEAR MINERALS (VI) from its aqueous solu• tion has been scaled up to Atomic Energy Minerals Cen• column level. tre. Lahore continued its efforts to search for Nuclear Minerals Electrochemical treat• in the country Regional pros• ment was carried out by pecting was conducted in the using Iron electrodes areas of Bannu Basin. for removal of Cr+S from Malakand, Upper Kaghan. Pot- synthetic solution of war and Kirthar Range. 200 ppm. Applying volt• Detailed exploratory work age of 5 Volts and Cur• was carried out at rent of 100 mA, the Shanawah and Karkanwal in concentration of Cr +6 Bannu Basir and at Mar- was reduced from ghuzar in Lower Swat 200ppm to 6ppm within Preliminary exploratory two hour. drilling has indicated a size• Drilling rigs in operation at able uranium ore deposit at Shanawah, Bannu Basin

5 ing furnace, high pressure high ternational conferences, meet• INTERNATIONAL temp test loop, manufacturing ings, seminars and work• capabilities, NDT Centre & shops. RELATIONS welding Institute. The SES Di• President of Pakistan, Mr. Jus• rectorate is helping local indus• tice (Retd.) Muhammad Rafiq Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad, Chairman, try and Govt Organizations by Tarar , presided over the sec• PAEC represented Pakistan providing mechanical equip• ond convocation of PIEAS on delegation as Governor from ment/components, services, December 1st, 1999 and Pakistan in the Meeting of training & trained manpower in awarded degrees to twenty- IAEA Board of Governors held' NDT and Welding technology seven fellows of 29th M.Sc Nu• at Vienna (Austria) from 20-24 The Directorate has been pro• clear Engineering and nine• September, 1999. Chairman, viding services in design, teen fellows of 8* M.Sc Sys• PAEC also led Pakistan dele• manufacture and supply of me• tems Engineering, session gation to the Forty-third Annual chanical equipment of various 1997-1999. The Pakistan Insti• General Conference of IAEA types and sizes to PAEC, vari• tute of Engineering and Ap• held at Vienna (Austria) from ous Govt Organizations and plied Sciences Ordinance. 27 September to 01 October, national industry. 2000 was issued on 22nd 1999. March, 2000 conferring the Chairman, PAEC attended Meeting of Study Group of HUMAN RESOURCE Pakistan Institute of Engineer• ing and Applied Sciences the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear En• DEVELOPMENT authority to award degrees. A ergy and Non Proliferation - A consultative meeting was held Challenge for 21st Century held ih During the period from July on 26 April, 2000 to plan the at Kofimachi, Kaikan, Chiyo- 1999 - June 2000, 55 engi• future strategy to implement daku, Tokyo, Japan from 9-10 neers and scientists pro• the changed status of PIEAS. March, 2000. ceeded abroad for training. Six The other main facilities of Chairman, PAEC also at• University Assistantshtps were PAEC; namely KANUPP Insti• tended International Seminar granted whereas 18 visits were tute of Nuclear Power Engi• on the Islamic Approach to In• sponsored by IAEA and other neering (KINPOE), Karachi stitutionalizing Research and International organizations, and Computer Training Center Development (R & D) Culture in addition , 229 PAEC scien• (CTC), Islamabad, continued held at Kuala Lumpur, Malay• tists and engineers benefited to perform their routine ser• sia from 24-25 June, 2000. from participation in various In• vices successfully.

6 NUCLEAR POWER

KARACHI NUCLEAR generator (T/G) arrived at KANUPP in August, 1999 to POWER PLANT carry out inspection of the ma• chine. (KANUPP) The stator of the generator was found in good condition. Electrolytic scar marks were KANUPP established a new found on the magnetic and record of 130 days 16 hrs. and non-magnetic wedges and 38 minutes of continuous op• teeth of generator rotor. eration surpassing the previ• Necessary repair was carried ous longest operation record of out and all the aluminum 113 days achieved in 1995 wedges of rotor were replaced The Plant operated smoothly with new ones, whereas, the at 84 MWe with effect from steel wedges were repaired Feb. 17-June 26 2000 to and retained on the recom• achieve this milestone. mendation of Hitachi Experts. Metallurgical examination did not reveal any grain structural A radiation surveyor with Operation & Maintenance changes at the suspected lo• detectors at KANUPP cations. received as internal dose, due During the period from July, After carrying out the neces• to tritium uptake, while the re• 1999 to June, 2000 KANUPP sary on-line and off-line per• maining 52% was the contribu• generated a total of formance tests on T/G, the tion from external dose. 399.21 GWh which raised the Plant was re-started and syn• The average dose for radiation cumulative generation since chronized with KESC grid on workers was 2.41 mSv per Net Power Date (NPD) to 13.11.1999 . person year. 9,696.54 GWh. The total on• Replacement of protective Total gaseous radioactivity re• line time of turbo generator system dump valves AMP- leased from the plant was less was 5,041.36 hours which HG-CV1/BMP-HG-CV2 was than 1% of the derived maxi• raised the cumulative running carried out. Overhauling of th mum permissible release time upto 30 June, 2000 to upgrading plant (UPG-3) limit . The liquid radioactivity in 138,696.53 hours. electrolytic cells was com• the effluent released to sea The gross capacity and avail• pleted. Various comprehen• was also less than 1 % of the ability factors during the period sive & Safety tests were derived emission release limit were 33.2% & 57.2% respec• performed. for liquid. tively. Life time average figures for these are 28.7% and 55.9% Design & Development respectively. Health Physics & Old generator output circuit Hydraulic analysis of Annulus breaker GE-B3 was removed Radiation Safety Gas System using software from its location due to fire in• AFT Arrow was carried out. cident occurred on 17 12.1998. Study of C0 gas leak detec• In its place a new SF6 type cir• The total radiation dose re• 2 tion, equipment its selection & cuit breaker was installed and ceived by all personnel who procurement and different commissioned. Engineers of worked in KANUPP radiation types of dew point & C0 gas M/S Hitachi, Japan, the manu• zones during the period (July 2 monitors and their selection for facturer of KANUPP Turbine 1999 - June 2000) was 1.71 Man-Sv. Out of this 48% was AGS was in progress.

7 Standby Diesel Generator DE- KNPC. The membership form has assembled a prototype DG3 is in the final stage of its for renewal of KANUPP/PAEC Log N amplifier for Neutron commissioning. The electrical membership of COG for Infor• Power system and tested in work which included installa• mation Exchange for 1999- the laboratory by connecting to tion of 400 V switch gear 2000 was signed. the spare "Neutron Instrumen• panel, protection panel, bus Checking of AGS tubing con• tation Rack" bar & power cables has been nections for tightening on south Installation of the cables from completed. The design & engi• reactor face was completed junction box to inner penetra• neering of interconnection logic and the gas leak rate de• tion of Reactor Building and scheme has been completed creased from 9.4 lit/mm to 5.1 Feed through on the inner and is under review/approval. lit/min. Hydraulic analysis of penetrations was completed for

Development work on manu• C02 Annulus Gas System two NP channels.Change ap• facturing of snout jaws was (AGS) with existing design pa• proval for the installation of ca• done during the period. The rameters was completed and bles outside the containment contract for KANUPP Steam analysis for the modified AGS building to control room Generator (SG) sludge re• with different configuration of (Protective channel) and for moval and life extension has CO2 headers and design pa• connecting the locally devel• been signed in August, 1999 rameters was in progress Pre• oped modules for testing on with RINPO, China. liminary studies, carried out for protection channel was being the type of Hygrometer to be reviewed. Project Safe Operation Of purchased, were under review. Work on the development of N- Kanupp (SOK)/lmprove The Canadian government ap• 16 channels for KANUPP by Safety Features Of Kanupp proved only assessment part of PINSTECH has been com• (ISF) the safety case submitted for pleted The complete N-16 "Engineering Review of Fueling channel shall be delivered to Mr. Milorad Dusic, IAEA Tech• Machine". IAEA is in the proc• KANUPP after receiving the nical Officer for TC project ess of arranging visit of Cana• Ion Chambers. "Improve Safety Feature of dian expert Mr. Allan C Welch About 75% of the work of in• M KANUPP (ISF) visited KAN• to KANUPP in mid January stallation, testing & commis• UPP from 19 - 23 March, 2000 2001. As approved by Cana• sioning of new Fire Alarm Sys• and finalized requirement of dian government Department tem has been completed. Two expert missions for 2000 to of Foreign Affairs& Interna• loops covering Reactor Build• 2002 As per its recommen• tional Trade (DFAIT), the ex• ing, Switchyard Building, ISI dation of the end of mission pert will write the report after Lab, EFW Room, Distribution report received from the his return to Canada and will Room and Computer Mainte• Agency, new safety cases submit it to DFAIT. The report nance Rooms were commis• were prepared and submitted shall be released PAEC/ sioned and made operational to IAEA KANUPP after clearance from The status of these loops are The 8th Steering Committee DFAIT. The decision on reha• available in Control Room. Meeting (SCM) for SOK/ISF bilitation shall be considered by The Canadian Government project was held from 24-25 DFAIT after clearance of the has permitted for the involve• May, 2000 in Vienna. It was assessment report. Local ment of Canadian based or• concluded with the decision of manufacturing of mechanical ganizations in the follow-up in• expediting the arrangement of spare parts was in progress. spection of Reactor Fuel Chan• Canadian experts by IAEA and The Neutron Power Instrumen• nel (RFC). Accordingly KAN• COG for the safety cases ap• tation System to be supplied by UPP has obtained a proposal proved by Canadian govern• M/s ALST0M, Belgium was not from AECL for RFC inspection ment and non Canadian ex• received as the Belgian Govt to be carried out in year 2002. perts for the on-going tasks. refused to issue export permit. The steam generators tubes Follow-up action on the sug• Local efforts were made to de• constriction measurement by gestions / recommendations of velop Neutron Power Instru• dimensional gauging for defor- 8th SCM was being taken up by mentation system KANUPP matrons because of denting at

8 first support plat location in the whenever required. Prepara• Computer Development hot leg was completed. The tion of plant documents related severely constricted to the system is in progress. A 30 day comprehensive train• (deformed) tubes (ID below The detailed engineering for 2 rd ing course was conducted dur• 0.250 ) numbering 26 were the inter-connection of 3 Die• ing the period July-September, plugged alongwith specially sel Generator set with the ex• 1999 to familiarize the Plant designed stabilizer bars. isting two Diesel Generator Personnel with design and op• The recommendations in the sets and its control logic was eration of all CC&i systems be• modified draft of OP&P docu• completed and work order for ing replaced Installation of ment were finalized in consul• the execution of work Terminal Blocks for Group ca• tation with the representative awarded. ble termination in Panels PL- of DNS&RP 19 to PL-29 of Control Room An IAEA "Ageing Management Control & Instrumentation was carried out. Assessment Team (AMAT)" Process/Field group cable ter• was invited which visited KAN• Application Laboratory mination in marshalling cubi• UPP from 15-19 November, (CIAL) cles of electronics rooms was 1999. IAEA AMAT mission done. Installation work of bus thoroughly reviewed all plant bar duct from DE-REC3 and areas through plant documents The static calibration devices DE-REC4 to distribution pan• review, interview with plant remained operational and ser• els and their respective battery personnel and plant walk down vices were provided for plant banks was completed. Installa• to observe physical condition specific requirements. Various tion of 220 V AC power distri• of safety equipment, structures plant measurement and test bution panels in electronics and cables. equipment were calibrated at rooms and power distribution Fluke system. Reference Final report of IAEA AMAT cable laying from PL1.PL2 & gauges for process instrumen• mission was received and fol• PL3 to marshalling cubicles tation were calibrated against low-up of the recommendation was also earned out Primary Standards available at taken-up. Aging Assessment Moreover, cabling work of local CIAL Further more, the chan• of Containment concrete and area network (LAN) in Service nel temperature measurement associated plant buildings is in Building and PC based solu• RTDs were tested at tempera• hand with the assistance of tion for temperature monitoring ture baths C&STD, CHASNUPP.A soft• & recording of RTDs was also ware has been developed at Electronic Instruments (about completed KANUPP for computerization 100) received from HMC-III The Inventory Management of plant documents. project were tested and cali• Package (IMP) has been im• The KANUPP Final Safety brated at l&C laboratory, CIAL. plemented in CHASNUPP by Analysis Report project work Process and Hand / Auto indi• CDD team. KNPC Stores Infor• was completed and the final cators related to Backfitting mation Management System report of the KFSAR submit• Project were tested. has been installed, which is ted to the Canadian Depart• Flow, Level, Pressure & Tempera• operating satisfactorily. ment of Foreign Affairs and In• ture Test Rigs remained available ternational Trade (DFAIT) and CPH Filter were tested at PT-Rig was cleared by the DFAIT for and flow switches of Primary Quality Assurance provision to KANUPP.A pre- Pumps were calibrated at LF-Rig. IPERS review was carried out All the activities related to C&l in August 1999 All their rec• conventional and C&l safety In compliance with the require• ommendations have been im• parts of the project were being ment as laid down in QA man• plemented. Final commission• carried out at CIAL. Process ual a number of announced ing of EFW system was com• Information (PI) System for and unannounced audits re• pleted successfully and the KANUPP was developed to lated to to various performance system is now ready to per• get it implemented alongwith functions were performed. form its intended function CC&l Backfitting Project. Comprehensive audit of Me-

9 chanical Maintenance Division, Technical Division and of Health Physics Division was performed and audit reports were issued. Sixteen (16) QA audit finding reports, highlighting deficien• cies were issued to various di• vision/sections of the plant.

CHASHMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (CHASNUPP)

COMMISSIONING WORK

1999. soon after the comple• PAEC SCOPE OF WORK A 12-days long hot functional tion of First Fuel Loading and test of the modified reactor in• were successfully accom• ternals was carried out which Construction of as much as 30 plished as per commissioning was thoroughly inspected by a different buildings and struc• programme. team of RINPO experts. tures of the plant was in The hot functional tests were RINPO's inspection provided PAEC's scope, was com• completed in February 2000 testimony to the soundness of pleted. alongwith several other tests the modified reactor internals. required by CHASNUPP. The remedial works of the re• Permission to proceed for criti- Plant Licensing Activities actor internals were completed cality was obtained form PNRB by CZEC by the end of Octo• and first criticality of The pre-requisites put forward ber 1999, prior to fuel loading. CHASNUPP was achieved at by DNSRP for Fuel Loading Pre-operational testing activi• 1845 hrs. on May 3 2000. Af• Permit including modification ties were also carried out be• ter completion of process tests of reactor internals, IAEA Pre- fore the fuel loading along with in hot zero power condition OSART Mission recommenda• a number of activities pertain• and at low power level first tions and several other issues ing to first fuel loading prepara• connection to national grid was were implemented satisfacto• tions. achieved on June 13, 2000. rily and Fuel Loading Permit After obtaining the fuel loading All commissioning tests re• was obtained in November permit from DNSRP, the initial lated to 30% full power 1999. fuel loading was started on No• were satisfactorily com• vember 22. 1999 was success• pleted with preparation to fully accomplished on Novem• conduct commissioning PROJECT MANAGE• ber 28, 1999. when all the 121 tests at 50% full power. fuel assemblies were loaded in MENT &COORDINATION Team responsible for provi• the core in a safe way. Safety sional acceptance of the plant Project Control experts from IAEA verified the from CZEC continued to loaded fuel assemblies the About 1115 project docu• streamline the procedure to next day. ments were received and dis• monitor and control the hand• tributed after being checked for The cold functional tests were ing over process started in early December completeness and quality.

10 Computerization of during installation, testing and Pakistan and China are partici• commissioning activities at pating actively in O&M of the Documents/Drawings site. Plant. Many systems/ In order to accomplish smooth equipment were transferred to Work is in progress to comput• plant acceptance from main CHASNUPP. erize the Chashma Nuclear contractors, Engineering De• Power Project documents/ partment of CNPP organ zed Commissioning and drawings with the help of scan• Walk-downs of systems to ner, in order to preserve the visually confirm that all equip• Testing Activities project documents till life time ment and systems have been of the plant. More than 6000 installed according to latest en• Operation engineers and tech• drawings have been scanned. gineering drawings. QAD per• nicians continued to take part sonnel participated in about 25 in the operation activities prior Industrial Safety system walk-downs. QA audit to take-over. of various divisions of O&M Department were carried out. A number of plant systems A joint inspection team com• which have been handed over prising of CHASNUPP engi• QA Audit of CZEC Chashma site has been conducted in to CNPP by the Chinese are neers and CZEC officials has being operated by CNPP engi• been looking after industrial February 2000 to assess measures for systematic hand• neers independently. Mainte• safety matters at site. Meet• nance responsibility of several ings were held regularly with over of the plant equipment/ systems and components un• plant systems/equipment has CZEC to rectify the deficien• also been handed over to cies, noticed during the inspec• der approved programme and procedures to QNPC Annual CHASNUPP . O&M engineers tion. Permanent liaison with actively participated in the in• PAF fire services has been es• audit plan for the year 2000 was also prepared. stallation of IAEA safeguard tablished to acquire their ser• equipment in rector and fuel vices as and when needed. buildings alongwith IAEA ex• Preparation for Plant perts. IAEA safeguard inspec• Quality Assurance & Control Operation and Maintenance tion and record verification ac• Activities tivities are also in progress with assistance and coordina• During the period under report, The preparation to takeover tion of O&M engineers. more than 50 Non- the responsibility of O&M of More than 900 administrative Conformance Notice have the plant from the Chinese is in and technical procedures have been issued to CZEC/Site advanced stages. O&M oer- been identified for preparation. Manager by QA Department, sonnel extensively trained in These will cover all aspects of plant operation and mainte• nance as well as manage• ment. Out of these, 140 have been finalized and issued.

Training of Manpower

Post diploma training of O&M technicians of batches 1 to 4 has been completed while that of batch 5 is in progress. Training of instructors and op• eration engineers on Full Scope Training Simulator is in progress. First Fuel loading of CHASHNUPP 11 Work on preparation of training One month coaching session mock-up for CHASNUPP was manuals is in progress. Pro• with the assistance of CNEIC signed in Aug 1999. posal for establishing laborato• regarding the debugging of Inspection scope, VT- ries in the training centre has computer codes related to fuel Synthesis report, Inspection also been prepared. assembly design / perform• Plan and scope of inspections A total of 21 CHASNUPP engi• ance was completed Second for modified reactor internals neers were examined and li• coaching session of four man reviewed and re-examinations censed by the Regulatory Au• months on computer codes re• of all the parts of reactor inter• thority for the position of shift lated to fuel assembly design nals carried out with active engineer in the plant. Another and fuel performance was also participation of CHASNUPP batch of CHASNUPP engi• completed. personnel with RtNPO and neers is under training for the DNSRP. licensing examination. The PSI/ISI contract reviewed Pre-Service/ In-Service and the components identified (PSI/ISI) Inspection to be subjected to first ISl dur• Safety and Health Physics st nd rd ing 1 , 2 and 3 outages. RINPO's proposals on sludge An integrated emergency exer• lancing of SG-Tube sheet and Supply of Spare Parts cise was conducted at site. Thimble-Tube inspection by Follow-up actions to remove eddy current were reviewed the deficiencies observed dur• Review of spare parts list of 5 and clarifications/explanations ing the emergency exercise year operation is in progress. sought from RINPO before fi• are in progress. Procedure for taking over one- nalizing the proposals year spares is being finalized. Commissioner Sargodha, DC Independent verification of Preparation of specifications MSanwali & other district offi• eddy current testing data of and correspondence/meetings cials visited the plant in con• steam generator tubing was with the local suppliers/ nection with off-site emergency carried out by Tecnatom, manufacturers regarding planning & preparedness. Spam The report received CHASNUPP spares which can Chasnupp has taken over re• was reviewed and certain possibly be procured/ sponsibilities of emergency quarries/comments were clari• fabricated locally, is in pro• preparedness at the plant. fied by Tecnatom. RINPO has gress. Drills have been carried out been asked to incorporate the and findings rectified recommendations of the verifi• cation report Independent Design and Engineering Transfer of Technology verification of Chasnupp RPV- UT Data was also carried out (TOT) by Tecnatom. The report has Review of CHASNUPP detail been received and further design documents & drawings and design change notices re• A comprehensive report ear• clarifications on the recom• ceived from CZEC remained in marking the training / participa• mendations of the report are in progress. Over 500 design tion carried out under this con• progress with Tecnatom modifications received from tract remained under prepara• Local leakage rate monitor CZEC were reviewed. For the tion. (LLRM) equipment has been procured from CZEC for per• outstanding modifications, comments were sent to CZEC Nuclear Fuel formance of periodic Type B & C test of the containment. site office for discussion. These testings of type B pene• A variety of NPP design exer• Obligations under the fuel con• trations in the containment cises were carried out by tract have been fulfilled by the were then performed. CHASNUPP engineers for the contractor, CNEIC. However, The contract between PAEC & development of design capa• fuel contract management is RINPO for the design of the bilities for utilization in continued. steam generator training CHASNUPP-1 and future nu-

12 clear power projects. More• APPLIED SYSTEMS on comparative assessment of over, CHASNUPP engineers investment on infra-structure performed a number of impor• ANALYSIS GROUP for various energy chains, in• tant tasks relating to project cluding nuclear power, in Paki• design and coordination, to re• (ASAG) stan under the IAEA's Coordi• solve various issues pertaining nated Research Programme to project design on "Impact of Infrastructure ASAG has been involved in Requirements on the Competi• the analysis of the economic, tiveness of Nuclear Power". Development of Chasnupp financial and environmental is• Research efforts were also Simulator sues in the energytelectricity continued in the area of sus• sector development with par• tainable development of elec• ticular emphasis on the nu• The full scope training simula• tricity sector in Pakistan A clear power option tor (FSTS) handed over to new aspect explored was CHASNUPP by ICCC in Sept The Group continued its efforts evaluation of nuclear power as 1998 is available for O&M for determining the suitable a CDM (Clean Development training. Its testing is continued tariff for sale of electricity from Mechanism) option being of• and the deficiencies are being the Chasnupp to WAPDA This fered for the Non-Annex coun• removed. involved cost economic and fi• tries nancial analysis of the Work on development of com• Chasnupp and analysis of the Development Of Services puter software for the energy electricity tariffs of Independ• models continued. The IAEA and Facilities at Site ent Power Producers (IPPs). awarded a contract to ASAG for development of the new Work on the construction of Progress was made on the computer software for its fman- 136 houses of different catego• country case study on the role cial analysis model ries and 50,000 Gallons over of nuclear power in mitigating (FINPLAN) This work involved head water reservoir is com• Greenhouse Gases Emissions incorporation of some en• plete Additional residential ac• in the medium to long term. hanced features in the FIN- commodation of officers and This study was initiated last PLAN model and development staff is under construction, and year under the IAEA's Coordi• of a user-interface for its appli• 85% work of hospital is also nated Research Programme cation in the windows environ• complete. on The Rote of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in ment Meeting International Goals on Pre-feasibility studies were Electronic Meteorological Greenhouse Gases Emission initiated for design of nu• Station Reductions". clear desalination plant Under the IAEA Inter• The Group continued its analy• regional project on Inte• Construction of new 110m high sis of impact of environmental grated nuclear desalination meteorological tower has been regulations on electric system system design, a detailed completed Meteorological in• expansion in Pakistan in the questionnaire developed struments installed, connected medium to long term; This to local control room, data re• by the Agency for setting country study is being carried design parameters was ceived and recorded The sta• out under the Coordinated Re• tion has undergone test opera• completed for Pakistan search Programme of the tions. Necessary work to hook• case study. IAEA on "Case Studies to As• up with the instruments in Possibility is also being ex• sess and Compare Different MCR and receive the data in plored through IAEA for partici• Energy Sources in Sustainable real form is in progress, pation of PAEC experts in the Energy and Electricity Supply interfacing of new met. tower Korean nuclear desalination Strategies". signals with main CPC system project (SMART) at plant has been made. A research study was initiated

13 INSTITUTE FOR ics tests during initial startup System Setpoint" studies and and subsequent reloads. The analyses were made to pro• NUCLEAR POWER requirements of CZEC experts vide safety support to were incorporated and the de• CHASNUPP. (INUP) vice has been repeatedly Steady state and burnup tested at PARR-1 and was analysis of PARR-l new successfully used in the hot- equilibrium core configura• INUP continued its efforts for zero power stage during initial tion was performed. This attaining indigenized capabil• startup. analysis includes excess re• ity in the areas of core design, The performance of the reac• activity, control rod worth, mcore fuel management, acci• tivity meter compared well both neutron flux/power and dent analysis, fuel design de• with the CZEC reactivity meter peaking factor calculations velopment and safety analysis and the design criteria Work for preparation of neu• for pressurized water reactor Work on establishment of Cen• tron group cross sections li• (PWR) and research reactors. tral Vibration Analysis Lab at brary for CNPP was contin• The coordination with INUP for application in Nuclear ued. Also nuclear data proc• CHASNUPP continued in the Power Plants and industry is in essing for application in light of MOU signed between progress. Phase one of Loose various P.A EX projects INUP and CHASNUPP Scien• Parts Monitoring Software de• was continued. tists /Engineers actively partici• velopment was completed and Studies have been done on pated in the criticality and zero the software for time and fre• material and mechanical as• power physics tests of quency analysis of acoustic pects of PWR fuel assembly CHASNUPP and the tests car• sensor signals has been writ• design and performance analy• ried out at different stages of ten. Methodology was devel• sis by utilizing FRAPCON and full power. The data bank for oped to perform thermal hy• FRAPT6 and other computer INCOPW code for flux map• draulic analysis, steady state codes A Database related to ping of CHASNUPP was gen• as well as transients, for CNPP the CHASNUPP Fuel was de• erated and the report issued by using RELAP and other veloped which contains infor• INUP has developed Digital Chinese origin computer mation relating to fuel rod and Reactivity Meter (DRM-100) codes. Anticipated Transients its sub components. for CHASNUPP for core phys• without Scram" and "Protection

u PHYSICAL SCIENCES & ENGINEERING

Pakistan Institute of Nuclear hours during which 1096 sam• vibration due to coolant flow Science & Technology ples were irradiated. After undertaken by using the re• (PINSTECH), is the premier about 10 years operation, the mote sensing technique were national Institute for research excess reactivity of the reactor compiled. The IAEA Project and development in nuclear core was decreased and the entitled 'Assessment of fission technology. Conceived as a continuous operation of reactor product release and their at• national centre for advanced for 5 hours became impossi• mospheric dispersion following scientific research, PINSTECH ble. Beryllium shim was added a severe accident in research has emerged as a Laboratory in the Beryllium shim tray reactors" was completed suc• of international stature. which has increased the core cessfully. Maintaining a very high stan• reactivity to 4 mK Experimental measurements dard for achieving its objective, for the estimation of fuel burn- PINSTECH is carrying out re• up in three retired LEU fuel Reactor Experiments search that meets international elements S-69, S-77, and S-73 norms, training manpower and were completed. Computer undertaking production of so• R&D activities regarding the code ORIGIN was used to cal• phisticated equipment and IAEA Project entitled "Loose culate the burnup related pa• special nuclear materials. Parts Monitoring for Safety of rameters for the LEU fuel ele• Nuclear Power Planf were ments of PARR-I. Experimen• continued. Simulation data tal and theoretical data regard• Reactor Operations was acquired and analyzed on ing the burnup measurements a mockup of the actual system was analyzed to determine the Pakistan Research Reactor-1 Pressurizer and shaker have burnup of the fuel elements. (PARR-1) was operated for been interfaced with the re• Another technique based on 837 hours including 642 hours cently installed main test loop reactivity difference method operation at full power gener• for the Pakitan Science Foun• was also applied to determine ating 5796 MWh of energy. dation Project "Stress Analysis the burnup of these fuel ele• Core loading No. 95 was as• of Piping System subjected to ments. The development of sembled in Aug. 1999. Dynamic Loading". comprehensive database Pakistan Research Reactor-2 The results of the measure• package for computerized (PARR-2) was operated for 87 ment of PARR-1 core structure management of the operation record & reports of PARR-1. fuel burnup calculations and preparation of six monthly ma• terial balance reports is in its final stage. Final Safety Analy• sis Report (FSAR) for PARR-1 has been revised according to IAEA guidelines and has been submitted to DNSRP for re• view.

Reactor Physics

Calculations of neuironic pa• rameters and reactivity feed• back coefficients were carried

15 out for PARR-1.Isotopic inven• tor structural materials such as Fe 2 0.2 6 Mn78 ? 4 and tory of Np and Am in PAlRR-1 Mo, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn and Cu at Fe

16 spectroscopy studies are in progress. Four alloys Al- 10 wt% Zn. AI-7 5 wt% Zn, AI-5 wt% Zn and Al- 2.5 wt% Zn have been prepared by ball milling and micro-hardness of samples is measured. Diffusion bonding between Zircaloy-4 and stainless steel has been car• ried out

Neutron & X-ray Diffraction

Work on the designing, fabrication & installation of Small Angle Neutron Experimental arrangements for determination of calibration factor for absorbed dose measurements Spectrometer for defect studies of materials have Nuclear Interaction Laser Studies been initiated. For technical Studies and fnancial assistance, a Technical Cooperaton project Multi-colour spectroscopy of neutral tin (Sn) was carried out entitled "Enhancement of Re• The study of fission induced in with an atomic beam source. search Reactor Utilization" has various targets by negative pi- In one experiment three even been submitted to the IAEA ons of different energies is be- parity Rydberg series have Synthesis and characterization ng continued. For this purpose been observed converging to of materials for Solid Oxide previously exposed stacks (at sl 2 1 ionization threshold P1/2. In Fuel Cells such as LaV04 and LAMPF, USA) at energies 500, another experiment seven LiFe02 using X-ray and neu• 672, 1068 and 1665 MeV " even parity auto-ionization se• tron diffraction techniques having Sn, Cu, Au and Bi tar• s: ries in the region between 1 have been initiated. The X- gets sandwiched between two nd and 2 ionization limits have ray data on LaV04 have CR-39 detectors are being been observed been collected and ana• analysed. Hyperfine structure of various lyzed and a paper is being fi• Mica Nuclear Track Micro Filters elements like Lanthanum, Hol- nalized. (NTMF) were employed in a mium and Vanadium in the gadget fabricated for the separa• wavelength range between tion of various strongly mixed 5600A and 6200A have been Nuclear Cross-Section emulsions. For different emul• investigated, using an Argon sion systems, equal amount of Measurement ion pumped narrow band width distilled water was mixed with (500KHZ) ring dye laser and organic liquics such as kero• commercial hollow cathodes. Nuclear cross-section sene oil, petrol, mustard oil, measurement of some xylene, toluene, diesel and medically important ra• dionuclides of '63Dy(n,a) carbon tetra chloride. Red ink Nuclear Geological and Diphenyl-thio-carbazone i59Gd 156D (p 2n) 15£Dy dyes were used to distinguish Studies 153Eu 3 153 (n, p) ^ Sm, and Eu inorganic and organic phases, (n,a) 15c Pm reactions were respectively. It was observed Fifteen rock samples from Ka- measured and found to be that pore size of 8 m was kul phosphate deposit were 0 008, 0.004, 0.02 and 0.004 suitable for the separation of studied for uranium content mb respectively. the emulsion upto 92%. with the help of fission-track

17 (FT) and neutron activation Non Destructive ing is also carried out for the analysis (NAA) technique for Testing electron beam welding facility. comparison. The results A Laser Land Leveler for water show that the non-destructive To help enhance the image management has been devel• FT technique is as good as quality in neutron radiography, oped. Two prototype models the NAA. the beam defining aperture and have been completed and Boron has been deter• graphite moderator blocks tested according to the require• mined in iron by recording have been redesigned. ments. thermal neutron induced Gamma scanning of a Rerun Their performance is very reaction products in Solid Tower of Attock Refinery Ltd promising Laser land leveler State Nuclear Track De• (ARL) was carried out to dem• system comprises of transmit• tectors. onstrate the usefulness of ter, receiver unit, control box, Studies on the subsurface ge• "Gamma Scan Technology". A updown level indicator, inter• ology in the vicinity of radio• ^Co source of 25 mCi and Nal face unit and universal laser active waste disposal area detector were used to scan the detector. This system works in of PINSTECH using Solid column. 2p direction upto a distance of State Nuclear Track De• 350 meters. tection Technique were Laser Application completed. The results pre• sented in an internal report MATERIAL SCIENCE show that the area is safe for An electron beam source with Chemical Material Studies the waste disposal and there indirectly heated cathode has is no threat to the environ• been designed, fabricated and ment. tested. The cathode is a 0.9 R&D work on the characteri• mm thick tantalum strip, which zation of mild steel specimens is bombarded with electrons dip coated with yttria doped zir- Radiation & Isotope having energy 6KeV, emitted conia through sol-gel technique Application by a tungsten helix type fila• has been carried out. The heat ment. At a very low power of treatment in the temperature filament very high emission range 500 - 800°C for micro The emission regulator a part current density is achieved. hardness (HV) study, indicated of new control system of one of The installation of an axial that hardness in general increases the GD-150 mass spectrome• point focused electron beam with increase in heat treatment C ters, was designed and fabri• gun with magnetic lens focus• temperature upto 800 C. cated. It was successfully tested during independent op• eration. Analytical methodology for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) & Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) determina• tion of river and stream wa• ter was developed A new system for 14C sam• ple preparation using com• mercially available Car- bosorb was completed. The liquid scintillation sys• tem was calibrated accord• ing to the new type of sam• ples. Operational tests being performed in MRML (Mobile radiation monitoring lab) IS Work on the synthesis and characterization of silico- alminophosphate microporous materials is in progress. Phys• ico-chemical properties of SAPO-5 and SAPO-11 micro• porous materials were meas• ured using the SEM. XRD and BET techniques

Polymer Processing & Radiation Studies

Radiation resistant polypropyl• ene, heat press sheets, and syringe components were fab• ricated using Gadoon Amazai Syringe Manufacturing Facility, Protocol for assessing the medical suitability was devel• oped and will be used for lo• cally produced materials. Syn• Korangi Creek were analyzed tional anions and cations . thesis of MnGySiOi composite for d13C, Results show that Thermodynamic parameters D materials and their uptake d 3C values of mangrove tree H, D S and D G have also properties for divalent metal rings grown in Korangi Creek been estimated. Similar stud• ions are being studied. area are depleted upto 1.5 % ies were carried out for Zr (IV) as compared to mangroves and Zn (II) sorption onto Haro grown in the polluted outfall river sand and of Pb (II) onto ANALYTICAL zone of Layan River. Surface mineral mixture from aqueous TECHNIQUES and deep water samples were solutions. collected from Rawal lake, Spectropho to metric deter• Environment Studies Simly lake and Khanpur lake mination of Cd(ll) using ana their :eea:ng streams/1" ver chromoazural-S as a chro- in order to study the type and Considering the health haz• mogenc reagent has been sources of pollutants and their studied Studies for the re• ards of radon/thoron and their distribution in these drinking moval of mercury from waste progeny, and consequently the 13 water reservoirs. d C results waters and other effluents has importance of their detection, a indicate that the water in these been investigated and opti• project was initiated to opti• Lakes bear a distinct composi• mized for decontamination pur• mize the parameters of radon tion with average of -5%, -8% poses. dosimeters. A computer code and -6% respectively. based upon Monte Carlo simu• A spectrophotometric method is lation technique was devel• being developed for the determi• nation of rare earths in the pres• oped to achieve the maximum Radiochemical Separation ence of uranium using derivative radon detection e^Ticiency in mode and thorin as a chro- cylindrical type of radon do• The sorption of Hg (II), Eu (III) mogenic reagent. simeters. and Zn (II) onto morin loaded A simple and rapid procedure has Mangrove tree rings pertaining polyurethane foam (PUF) has been developed for the determi• to profile of trees collected been studied to check its se• nation of Li, K, Mg. Cu and Zn us• from Layari River outfall zone lectivity. ing flame atomic absorption in the Karachi Harbour/ The sorption has been meas• spectrophotometry . Manora Channel and from ured in the presence of addi• SERVICES of carbonatite rocks analyzed ducted on 13837 occasions. for rare earth elements, analy• Radiation protection services & sis of trace impurities in sam• were provided during the proc• PRODUCTS ples of tellurium recovered ess of shimming (installation of from radioactive waste solu• beryllium plate) from 12-13, Radiopharmaceutical Cold tion, analysis of Cr in samples June 2000 at PARR-II. of soil from an IAEA project, Kits Production samples of silver catalyst from Environmental Monitoring DTD. samples of steel from Production of radioisotopes I- SES samples of tungsten A total of 315 air particulate 131 (87 Ci), P-32 (545 mCi), powder from NDC and two samples were collected for Tc-99m, Lu-140, Au-190. Br- samples of AgCI from A.Q. countrywide radiological moni• 82, Cr-51, Rb-86 and Na-24 Khan Laboratories, rest of the toring programme and 88 sam• and radiopharmaceutical cold samples were received from ples were analyzed using com• kits for medical and industrial HMC-3, R-Block, NLP. PIEAS puter based high resolution applications was continued etc. gamma spectrometry system. throughout the year and 4,5 521 radioactive waste samples million rupees were generated. were analyzed for the safe dis• Nine radiopharmaceutical cold HEALTH PHYSICS posal of PINSTECH radioac• kits of Tc-99m (worth 6.02 mil• tive waste. lion rupees) were produced Applied Health Physics and supplied to Nuclear Medi• Radiation Dosimetry cal Centres. All the batches Radiation protection services were subjected to various were provided at PARR-I, Personnel monitoring services quality control tests, PARR-II, 1-131 production were provided on monthly ba- Tc-99m plant provided by IAEA has been installed by Hungarian experts alongwith some members of the group and some quality control ex• periments were performed.

Analytical Services

Three hundred and forty five samples of different matrices were analyzed with 3325 de• terminations for various pro• jects of PAEC and outside or• ganizations. Eighty five irradiated gold foils were g-spectrometrically moni• Computerized gamma spectroscopy system for tored for thermal neutron flux environmental radio isotope analysis density measurements. plant and at other radioactive/ sis to 3000 radiation workers radiochemical laboratories a: engaged in radiation work in ICP the Institute. During the period 310 establishments. under report, 6178 radiation/ For estimation of internal ra• About four hundred samples of contamination surveys were diation dose of RIPG workers different materials were ana• carried out and personnel con• 75 bioassay samples were lyzed. Some important analyti• tamination monitoring of radia• analyzed. Thyroid scanning of cal services included samples tion workers/visitors was con- 15 radiation workers was ar- 20 ranged at Health Physics, New forty instruments was carried against 7014.62 CPU hours of SUN Labs, for the determination of out which included, liquid scin• Workstations were provided. M31 concentration. tillation counter, creep and uni• Nine FUJITSU tine printer's in• versal testing machines, bi- terface modules for M.S. de• drstillation unit, X-ray machine, partment of POF Wah were Secondary Standard low level a/b counter , Ge de• designed and fabricated. Dosimetry tector, X-ray diffractometer, etc. A locally developed N-16 Scientific Information The laboratory participated in channel was installed at KAN• IAEA TLD Postal Dose Inter- UPP and normalised with the The scientific & technical informa• comparison Programme. The system. The Linear N-16 tion resource base of SID contains inter-compahson results con• Channel was modified accord• 33,770 books, 55,800 bound jour• firmed that SSDL measure• ing to the KANUPP require• nals and about 1 21 millbn technical ments are in good agreement ments. Design and develop• reports. with IAEA dosimetry labora• ment of nuclear instrument Regular monthly current tory. Inventory of radiation modules and channels for awareness services including sealed sources at SSDL, HPD, KCP-II, KANUPP and PARR-1 SDI from the newly added in• was upgraded up to June 30, is in progress. formation in the m-house data• 2000 Eight control modules of KZH25 bases of INIS, Table of Con• were completed. A dc to dc con• tents (TOCs) of journals and verter (5-5 volts) with input to out• technical reports and retro• Radioactive Waste put insulation was developed A spective searches were pro• Management variable & regulated dc power vided to managers, scientists supply (40v @ 3A), and a digi• and engineers of PINSTECH, tal meter module (LED type) Low-level liquid waste having a all PAEC establishments, R&D 3 was developed. Thirty two volume of 990 m were re• organizations and universities transformers were fabricated ceived from PARR-I, PARR-II within the country against 420 for various uses. and RIPG (NCD) having gross profiles registered by them in beta/gamma activity of 1,215 SID. Retrospective searching facility from the !NIS database MBq. The same was disposed COMPUTERS off after necessary treatment on CD-ROM covering period 172 samples of exhaust air Technical Developments 1970 onwards. from PARR- I, PARR-II and RIPG (NCD) 1-131 plant were A software package for the on• Corrosion Studies collected and monitored during line registration of Summer 1174 hours of operation College participants has been Failure investigation of dam• developed This package was aged gas turbine engine of Electronics Instrumentation then embedded in the web site the Mirage aircraft (PAF) was for Nathiagali Summer Col• carried out to determine the Automation of HVAC System lege, hosted at CERN. This causes of its burning. Analy• of PARR-1 by using PLC was work involved the development ses revealed that the main done to maintain controlled of a few multilingual program problem was started due to temperature at certain areas modules and use of several the failure of a bearing. For and to save electricity. In this packages using multiple plat• the investigations of material regard, old faulty automation forms simultaneously problems of Pak. Refinery, system was disconnected. National Refinery, OGDC, New wiring was done to run Services ARL and Pak-Arab Fertilizer, five supply fans and nine ex• SES made replicas as the haust fans for reactor Ml and spot, which were carried out other locations using PLC. The two computer systems contin• at PINSTECH, to determine Repair and maintenance work ued to work satisfactorily Computer their microstructures. of more than one hundred and services worth Rs.7.014 million

21 BIO-SCIENCE

AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY

Use of ionizing radiations and radioisotopes offers an advan• tage over conventional tech• niques in agricultural and bio• logical investigations. Radia• tion can help in evolution of new varieties by creating wide genetic variability and can be Hassan-ZK, a new chickpea variety evolved by NIFA used for sterilization of various insect pests and thus control These centres are making use Sarhad performed very well their propagation. of these advanced techniques during 1999-2000 due to their Radioisotopes are also useful and have contributed towards high yield potential, disease re• as tracers in understanding improving our overall agricul• sistance, wide adaptability and metabolic and biochemical ture produce of food as well as good quality. These varieties processes in plants and ani• cash crops. not only remained dominant on mals. These isotopes help in the seed multiplication farms of studies on action of insecti• Mutation Breeding both the Agric. Research and cides, uptake of fertilizers, ions Extension Systems of NWFP mobility in soil and plants and Wheat but also are highly popular food preservation. among the NWFP farmers. Realizing the importance of the The cultivation of wheat va• The NIFA candidate wheat line application of the nuclear tech• rieties Sarsabz, Soghat 90 and WS-94194 completed its two niques, Pakistan Atomic En• Kiran 95, evolved by Nuclear years mandatory evaluation for ergy Commission has estab• Institute of Agriculture (NIA). yield disease and adaptability lished facilities and expertise continued on the farmers in the multi-locational trials for utilization of nuclear and fields. These varieties collec• NUWYT The NIFA rain-fed other modern techniques in re• tively covered more than 50% wheat variety Tatara main• search for agriculture. area under wheat in the Sindh tained its high level of disease PAEC has set up four such cen• Province. The Institute pro• resistance and yield potential tres namely; Nuclear Institute of duced 32113 kg good quality for the 5th year in the province. Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, seed of these varieties, of Various seed producing agen• Nuclear Institute for Agriculture which 20,000 kg seed was cies are multiplying the seed of & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, supplied to Sindh Seed Corpo• Tatara to cope with the ever- Nuclear Institute for Food and ration. Two high yielding wheat increasing seed demand. The Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar candidate varieties resistant to proposal of newly developed & National Institute for Biotech• leaf rust of strip rust SD-4 and rain-fed wheat line BWL-92933 nology & Genetic Engineering SD-1200/14 were promoted in under the name " Takbeer" has (NIBGE), Faisalabad in dis• the national trial (NUWYT). been submitted to the Provin• tinct agro-ecological zones of NIFA wheat varieties i.e cial Seed Council for approval. the country. Bakhtawar-92 and Fakhr-e - In the advanced barani yield

22 trials 7 lines proved their po• plied to Stndh Seed Corpora• Oilseed Brassica tential for higher yield and dis• tion/private seed agencies and ease resistance, progressive farmers for further Of all the varieties/mutant multiplication in Sindh. strains of oleiferous bras• Rice Two (candidate mutant varie• sica tested in yield trials at ties, AENB-10/87 and AENS- NIA, Tandojam, 3 varieties 18/87 have completed all the The rice varieties namely Sha- of canola, 3 strains/varieties prerequisite formalities of test• dab, Shua 92 and Khushboo of Zaid Kharif, two mutant ing and are under varietal pro• strains of Agati Sarbein, one 95 developed by NIA have posal. gained popularity among the mutant strain of S-9 and one The AENB-16/87 and an• farmers in Sindh and Baluchis• mutant strain of Toria Selec- other candidate variety tan. Pre-basic seed of Shadab tion-A produced higher grain AEC-76/3/89 were included (1308 kg), Shua 92 (1210 kg) yield and oil content as com-, in crop variety registration pared to the checks and their and Khushbpo 95 (684 kg) trial for characterization. respective parents. was supplied to the Sindh Some 60 cross combinations About 50-kg BNS, 120 kg Seed Corporation and progres• have been made between lo• Pre-basic seed and 463 kg sive farmers in Sindh and cal and CLCuV resistant cutti- Basic seed of Abasin-95 Baluchistan for further multipli• vars to successfully in corpo• was developed at NIFA cation and post release verifi• rate leafcurl virus resistance. and Kundian Farms. The cation trials. Pre-basic seed of NIAB-78 seed of various categories The proposal of the 4th mutant was produced for distribution is stored under controlled variety Sarshar (IR8-151) has to various seed producing or• temperature and seed from been submitted to the Techni• ganizations in Punjab, Sindh 120 progeny rows was also cal Sub-Gommfttee. The candi• and Baluchistan. The newly developed which will be date mutant strain IR6-15-1/93 developed mutants namely used for raising BNS next and Basmati 20/1/93, secureri NIA8-98 and NIAB-801/7 year. tst position in paddy yield were evaluated in comparison A 16-entry Multi location yield (6816 kg/ha) and (3155 kg/ha) with NIAB-Karishma and CIM- comprising 15 canola among their respective groups 443 in the zonal/varietal trials Trial, quality mustard (B.juncea) mu• during Kharif 1999. at NIAB and at farmers fields. tants and a control ev. was 4400 kg certified seed and The mutant NIAB-98 ranked planted at Peshawar, Man- 145 kg pre basic seed of first in yield and on the av• sehra, Kohat, Bannu and D. NlAB-lrri-9 and 40 kg seed erage it gave 26.7% and I. Khan. Data from all sites of Kashmir Basmati was 27.9% higher yield than were statistically analyzed produced and distributed CIM-443 and NIAB- to ascertain the genetic sta• among the growers, farmers Karishma respectively. bility and adaptability of the and Seed Corporations for tested genotypes. further multiplication. A high A total of 26 canola qual• yielding and short statured mu• Sugarcane ity rapeseed {Brassica tant BCL-68370 was contrib• riapus) recombinants and uted in the National Uniform Pre-basic seed of NIA-98, a 13 mustard (BJuncea) Yield Trial for its yield evalua• mid maturing and high yield• mutants were tested for tion and adaptability. ing variety of sugarcane; was different agronomic trials supplied to Sindh Seed Cor• in 3 advanced yield trials. Cotton poration and progressive farm• The results of these trials ers of the province of Sindh. showed that all mustard The basic nucleus (BNS) and Two promising sugarcane mutants significantly ma• prebasic (PBS) seed multipli• lines AEC&6-328 and tured earlier than the cation of Chandi 95 was done AEC86-347, will be pro• check while 7 of them sig• on 0.5 and 1.2 acres at N1A re• moted in the National Uni• nificantly out-yielded the control variety. spectively. The BNS and PBS form Sugarcane Yield Tri• seed duly certified was sup• als. 23 Mungbean

Eight hundred twenty kg pre- basic seed of mungbean vari• ety AEM-96 developed by NIA was supplied to progressive growers and Sindh Seed Cor• poration in the province The candidate variety LIP5/5/89 produced the highest grain yield in zonal trial during spring 2000. About 80 kg pre-basic seed each of the newly approved varieties namely NIAB Mung 92 and NIAB Mung 98 was produced for development of basic seed. About 10000 kg certified seed of these varieties were produced at Kundian Farm and distributed to the growers. A new upcoming line BC-6369 developed by NIAB gave 20% higher yield than the standard varieties NIAB Mung Pheromone funnel trap installed for chickpea pod borer 92 & NIAB Mung51 in multin• Chickpea duced which will be multiplied ational yield trials. and distributed among pro• gressive growers. After com• A Kabuli chickpea variety "CM pletion of pre-release formali• Lentil 2000'' having good plant type ties of the mutant line (Kabuli) wider adaptability, high yield CMNK-287-3, its proposal has At NIA, mutant strain AEL potential (2700 kg/ha) and re• been submitted to Provincial 23/40 produced significantly sistant against Ascochyta Seed Council for approval as a higher grain yield in micro yield blight and Fusarium wilt has new variety under the name trials and mutant strain AEL been approved by the Punjab "Hasan-2k" for general cultiva• 9/92 stood first for yield in Seed Council for general culti• tion in the province. Moreover zonal trials. Keeping in view vation. In various yield trials 18 promising chickpea mu• the performance of AEL 23/40 across the country, CM 2000 tants, desi as well as Kabuli, of higher grain yield over two has given more than 20% were tested in two-advanced consecutive years (1998-99, higher yield on the average yield trials. Mutant lines MN- 1999-2000), it will be promoted than the commercially grown 729-2 1(desi) and CMNK-287- to Lentil National Uniform Yield variety Noor- 91. 3 (Kabuli) gave significantly Trial (LNUYT 2000-2001). Plant progenies of the re• higher yields of 3081 and 2554 An elite line NL-46-3-1 showed leased chickpea varieties of kg/ha than their respective excellent performance in the NIAB viz., CM 72. CM 88. CM check varieties. multilocat onal yield trial by giv• 98 and CM 2000 were planted ing 25% higher yield than stan• on about 3 acres at NIAB for dard variety Masoor-93. On the the production of pre-basic Plant Physiology basis of its performance, a pro• seed. 8500 kg certified seed of posal for its approval as a com• these varieties was also pro• At NIA. a large number of mercial variety 'NIAB-LENTIL- duced. 1200-kg basic and certi• wheat and rice genotypes 2000' has been submitted to the fied seed of chickpea varieties. have been screened for salt Punjab Seed Council. NIFA-95 and NIFA-88 was pro• tolerance in the field and under

24 hydroponic conditions. The grate with egg parasite. Re• various insecticides for mixing growth of these genotypes leases of this larval parasitoid with methyl eugenol to trap were affected more at repro• ductive than at vegetative stage. Promising lines/cultivars have been identified and ex• periments are in progress for further confirmation of these results. A number of inorganic chemi• cals and growth regulators have been used as aqueous spray. NNA used initially showed improvement of up to 15% in tomato fruit yield. Sub• sequent studies with cobalt, silver, INA and salicylic acid (Disprin) almost doubled the yield of harvested mango va• rieties i.e. Shidhri, Langra and Dasehri. According to conser• vative estimate this amounts to substantial increase in income to the farmers/growers. Application of radioactive baits in termite traps at NIFA Woody species were grown in salt affected lands to modify in combination with Tricho• peach fruit fly Bactrocera the ill-effects of salinity. Fa• gramma on 411 acres of sug• zonata (Saunders) effectively, vourable results have been ob• arcane belonging to different revealed that maximum mean tained for these lands. growers of 10 Dehs enhanced number of fruit flies/trap/week • the performance of biological were captured in traps baited Entomology management Programme of with 90 parts methyl eugenol sugarcane borers. The subse• +10 parts Folidol M-50 fol• quent surveys of the treated lowed by 95 parts methyl Releases of parasitoids, areas indicated the successful eugenoi + 5 parts Piron 50 SL. Trichcgramma chilonis for the establishment of C flavipes in Whereas the mixture of 90 management of sugarcane the sugarcane field. parts methyl eugenol + 10 borers were carried out on an The effect of radiation on An- parts Thiodan 35% E.C cap• area of more than 110,000 goumois gram moth indicated tured the least number of files acres with the coordination of that radiation significantly re• per trap per week. Al-Noor Sugar Mills, Mora and duced the hatch percentage of The management of cotton Habib Sugar Mills. Nawab- the eggs. Studies revealed that bollworms in a semi-isolated shah. The bio-control tech• very low doses of Gamma ra• area indicated that Inundative nique successfully suppressed diation affected the hatch per• releases of an egg parasitoid, the infestation of the borers centage and adult emergence Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) below economic injury level of Angoumois grain moth. Ra• in conjunction with mating dis• throughout the season in the diation also increased the incu• ruption technique, suppressed entire treated areas. bation period of the eggs with the pink and spotted- Mass rearing of larval parasite, may proved to be useful for the boilworms infestation to sub- Cotesia flavipes (Cameron), mass rearing of parasitoids, economic levels. The potential has been established at NIA Trichogramma chilonis for the of two polyphagous egg parasi• and Al-Noor SugarMills Bio- bio-control Programme toids, Trichogramma chilonis and control laboratories, to inte• Experiments to evaluate the Trichogrammatoidea bactrae re-

25 vealed that both parasitoids, Cold storage of Thchogramma tries by producing 19 percent parasitized the eggs of pink chilonis pupae at a tempera• higher return as compared to boilworm, however, T.bactrae ture of 7±2°C for 3 weeks re• monoculture cotton. Nitrogen was comparatively more effec• sulted in a decreased emer• applied in a single dose by tive than T.chiionis. gence and longevity of parasi- banding alongside cotton was Experiments were conducted at toid. Experiments performed more efficiently utilized. NIAB to prolong the life of egg on integration of chemical con• In experiments at NIAB, appli• parasitoids. The results showed trol with Tnchogramma cation of nitrogen (N), phos• that post refrigeration (constant showed that none of the 5 phorus (P) and potassium (K) at 8°C) parasitization in T. tested insecticides could safely to wheat, showed that com• chilonis decreased gradually be issued with Trichogramma, bined application of 125 kg N/

Whereas, its parasitization was though Larvin was relatively ha alongwith 75 kg P2Os/ha 99% without refrigeration and lesser toxic Radiation sensitiv• gave significantly higher grain under controlled laboratory con• ity studies for Trichogramma and straw yield than their indi• ditions. improvement showed that vidual application, while the Under host plant resistance doses upto 5 kGy did not re• use of K did not improve crop studies, cotton variety N!AB- duce the longevity and emer• yield. The use of N + P fertil• Kanshma showed a significantly gence of 3-day old pupae and izer (150 kg N + 75 kg P2O5/ high tolerance to insect pest es• can be used for further studies. ha) through fertigation led to pecially jassid and pink boll- For commercialization of the 35% higher biomass and 18% worm as compared to all other technology developed by NIFA higher grain yield of maize, as commercial varieties. for the control of fruit and food compared to conventional Studies on pest-resistant crop termites, "Exhaustive broadcasting method. chickpea through induced mu• trapping" was applied at 3 Field studies using wheat as a tations were initiated at NIFA sites. The data showed that a test crop indicated that phos- and 8 chickpea genotypes total of 2 3, 0.8 and 0.033 mil• phobacteha applied at the con• were evaluated against pod lion termites were captured centration of 1x108/ml pro• borer, Helicoverpa armigera from site 1, 2 and 3 respec• duced statistically identical using bioassay technique in tively. The site 1 was attacked yield to that of 50 kg/ha of ap• the laboratory. The results by H. indicola, M obesi, O. plied phosphorus showed CMNK-281-7 and parvidens Coptotermes hetmr, Studies were carried out at CMNK-440-9 to be resistant. In the site 2 by M obesi and M. NIFA under an IAEA Research another experiment of M2 gen• unicotor, and site 3 by O. project on "Improving crop pro• eration, 60 plants were se• fokanandi and M.obesi. The ductivity in rain-fed dry area". lected in the treated variety method proved cheaper, easily Results of these experiments Opb-91 on the basis of eggs applicable and non-hazardous. showed that growing lentil ex• and larval population. The erted a pronounced effect on seed of two chickpea varieties yield of the following wheat i.e. K-850 and NEC-138-2, al• Soil Science (cereal) crop. In a related ex• ready treated with physical and periment on "Enhancing chemical mutagens, was sown wheat productivity through in the field. Some promising At NIA, studies continued management of legume ni• lines showing tolerance to pod to evaluate the performance trogen fixation under irri• borer were selected and har• of fertigation technique for gated conditions" in which vested separately. applying phosphatic fertiliz• soybean (legume) had a The pheromone traps installed ers to different crops. Inter• positive effect on soil fertil• dunng March - May, 2000 in cropping studies using three ity and subsequent wheat the field showed that peak cropping intensities and two (cereal) crop above obser• population of 126 moths of H. mode of N application indi• vations were confirmed. punctigera was recorded for cated that inter-plantation of At NIFA, findings of an other the 1 time in this region dur• cotton and mungbean in 2 1 study revealed that yield of to• ing the 1st week of April. row arrangements out-yielded mato increased considerably 1:1 and 1.2 planting geome•

26 when the nutrients (nitrogen, oped under this Programme at creased under stress condi• phosphorus and: potassium) NIAB out-yielded, the commer• tions mat caused root damage. were sprayed on the leaves. cial wheat cuttivar 1NQLAB at Root activity, including the A pot culture study showed farmers field. number and proliferation of that increasing rates of sulphur A protein marker has also roots and root exudation was significantly improved the total been identified for discrimina• found to increase significantly biomass of maizp and wheat tion between different chromo• due to seed treatment with crops and their nitrogen uptake somes transferred from A. phytohormones leading &> in• as compared to zero sulphur untaristata. Rice and wheat creased stress tolerance of and zero Azotobaeter. Azoto- material tolerant for combined plants. bacterization alone and in stress of salinity and drought combination with sulphur ferti- has also been identified and gation stimulated the Azofo- stress proteins produced in Biological Chemistry faacter population of the soil both are being Identified to confirm the basis for the stress At NIAB, Eighteen isolates of tolerance. Plant Molecular Ascochyta rabiei obtained from Markers loci for an isozyme of previous year collection from Breeding the enzyme peroxidase have chickpea growing areas were been identified for cotton which tested for their pathogenicity can help screening of breeding on nine differentials under The land mark of the year re• population against cotton leaf semi-controlled conditions. search in this discipline at curl virus. Some 80 different Seven isolates were found NIAB is identification of some strains of E.coli have so far moderately virulent and eleven bacterial strains that can pro• been evaluated for production were highly virulent. duce two different types of en• of Penicillin G acytase: an en• Two thousand lines of chick• zymes (penicillin G and Peni• zyme that can convert locally pea were screened in the wilt cillin V acylases) just by produced penicillin into 6 amin- sick plot, of these 25 lines changing the substrate: a char• openicillanic acid which in turn were found resistant and se• acteristics which is not very is used for semi-synthesis of a lected for further field trials. common in bacterial cultures wide range of antibiotics. Twenty isolates of Fusarium The significance of this feature oxysporium f.sp.c/ceri (FOC) is that, now with these particu• Soil Biology were classified into avirulent lar strains, in addition to peni• (2), less virulent(10), virulent cillin G, penicillin V produced (7) and highly virulent (1) us• by the local indusfry that is Salt tolerant species of rape ing pot method. usually being wasted, can also and sunflower were identified Peroxidase (PO) activity in• be converted into 6-APA, in addition to the checking of creased significantly in chick• Since these enzymes hydro- primitive and recent wheat pea after inoculation with A. ra- lyse both phenylacetyle and types for this trait at NIAB. In blet and increase in resistant phenoxyacetyl derivatives and addition, safflower varieties varieties was 4 times higher thus have a potential to open a were screened for drought and than in susceptible varieties. new era for penicillin acylases, salt tolerance. A good balance Polyacrylamide gel electropho• It is being anticipated that of available water was found to resis of peroxidase identified these strains would be able, to help increase seed germina• one of its isozymes which ap• fulfill the demand of the local tion of wheat under saline con• peared only in resistant varie• pharmaceutical industry in fu• ditions ties after inoculation, suggest• ture. Significant improvement in wa• ing its involvement in chickpea Low fertilizer requirement and ter retention of salt-affected resistance against Aspochyta salinity tolerance are some of. soils was achieved through the blight. application of bacterial exo- the useful genes transferred Thirty eight entries of rice potysaccharides. Production of from A.Gyimdrica into wheat. germpiasm from Rice Re• such polysaccharides in• The wheat germpiasm devel• search Station, Kalashah Kaku

27 and Rice Programme of NIAB were screened for resistance against three rice diseases i.e. UN IRRADIATED 3-MONTHS IRRADIATED Blast, Bakanae and Bacterial 3-MONTHS leaf Blight (BLB) by artificial in• oculation under field condi• tions. Seven entries were found resistant against blast and the remaining were mod• erately resistant to highly sus• ceptible. Lentil somaclonal variant (TCL 85-1) was tested by breeders at NIAB. NIFA. NARC and NIA. In advanced line yield trial at Faisalabad, TCL 85-1 gave Irradiation prolonging the shelf life of onions by 1755 kg per hectare yield. In inhibiting sprouting national trials conducted by nucellus (exposed to 0 -12 kr) with porcine follicle stimulating NIFA and NARC the embryogenesis with maximum hormone (pFSH). Occurrence somaclonal variant yielded in Kinnow and Mosambi which of oestrous signs was ob• 4623 kg/ha as compared to can be increased by growth served in other animals at 12 - 4344 kg/ha of other lines in the regulators manipulation. 24 hours after treatment and trial. The optimization of bacterial significant fluctuations in the Gamma radiated induced mu• fermentation conditions for en• oestridal level pointed the in• tation in the dormant bud of hancing the amino acid pro• duction of ovarian activity in Kinnow have been used to de• duction concluded that a 10% anoestrous animals. velop a sparsely seeded (5 ± 2 glucose, 6 - 9% molasses. The Urea Molasses Multinutri- seeds/fruit) 'mutant-Kinnow' 1.5 - 2.0% CaC03 and 1.25% ent Blocks (UMMB) manufac• from the highly seeded (25 ± 5 biotin concentration was suit• tured as "NIAB Feed Block" seeds/ fruit) of parent Kinnow. able for optimum amino acid were also tried in Sindh prov• The mutant Kinnow has a very production level. It was also in• ince in collaboration with OX• close resemblance with its par• ferred that genetic constitution FORD, an NGO. The results ent in all the quality aspects, of the isolates may be respon• conveyed by except a significant reduction sible for the production of more them indicate an increase in in the number of seeds per than one amino acid simulta• milk production of animals fed fruit. neously in the fermentation with UMMB Citrus cloning through nucel- media varying in composition An Immunopotentiator, Oil Ad- lus embryos indicated that all At NIAB, the ovarian simula• juvanted Vaccine against the 34 Citrus cultivars tested tion of postpartum anoestrous Hemorrhagic septicaemia in 1999 - 2000 responded to in goats was accomplished (HS), an acute infectious dis• ease of cattle and buffalo has been developed with one year protection in vaccinated ani• mals, as confirmed by field tri• als. The vaccine is now avail• able in the market with the brand name of NIAB HS VAC• CINE ELISA kit produced at the laboratory scale at NIAB proved to be sensitive and ro• bust for atrazine residues de-

NIAB vaccine termination in the environment The results obtained highly correlate with HPLC results. It is equally good technique to be adopted to monitor atrazine residues in the environment like the other techniques.

Food/Feed Irradiation

Among the methods tried for detection of irradiation treat• ment in meat, poultry and fish, the thermoiuminescence was found very promising and pre• cise technique for the identifi• cation of irradiated chicken. As Biological evaluation of oil/facts being conducted for the label dosimeters for at NIFA on test animals monitoring irradiation treat• its potential maturational value. ment, the red coloured PMMA BIOTECHOLOGY r Utility of citrus waste as a com• in the thickness ange of 2- ponent of poultry feed was 10mm is being studied. & GENETIC tested. It was concluded from A preliminary feeding experi• these experiments that citrus ENGINEERING ment on golden chicks was peel at a level of 5% can be in• conducted at NIFA in which it cluded in the poultry ration At was desired to see whether Agriculture this level, improved biological the radiolytic changes in pro• performance and reducec cost teins and carbohydrates are of Plant Biotechnology Division at of production has been ob• some pract cal significance in National Institute for Biotech• served. poultry feeding. The results nology & Genetic Engineering Comparative effect of feeding showed that irradiated feed re• NIBGE continued to make soybean meal (SBM) and sulted in increased nutrient di• valuable contributions in the rapeseed meal (RSM) in the gestibility and metabolizable national efforts to combat cot• diet of golden chicks was energy ton leaf curl disease (CLCD). studied. It was concluded that Molecular virology studies indi• RSM can be safely incorpo• cated that CLCD is a complex Agro-waste Utilization rated into the growers ration at disease and multiple infections the cost of SBM upto a level of are prevalent. Development of 10% . Radiation treatment of citrus genetically engineered cotton waste with 5 kGy resulted in In view of the high protein for virus resistant (2 lines) and an improvement in its func• and nutritional value of dif• insect resistant (6 lines) tional properties but browning ferent meats, levels of im• reached to the multiplication was increased in an experi• portant nutrients and se• stage. ment at NIFA. lected essential/toxic metals Plant genomic studies on 31 In another study the citrus in beef, poultry, mutton and wild species of Gossypium peel was dried and analyzed fish were determined. The (cotton family) have been ac• for various essential nutrients Pb, Cd and Cu content of complished. and water absorption capacity these meat samples were Commercial activities relating which showed that the citrus very high. It was however, to tissue culture of virus free waste has great scope for in• observed that fresh meat seed potato finally reached to corporation in various food and had low levels of heavy the end-users. feed formulations because of metals. For identification of two asso- 29 dative bacterial isolates from termine the presence of gemi- Bacillus strains was purified to ho• kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca) nivirus particles in cell sap of mogeneity level and characterized ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) cotton leaf curl virus infected for enzyme properties The enzyme sequence was obtained. The tissue. Under transmission was comparable, with respect to liq• 16S rRNA sequence of both electron microscope the in• uefaction, with commercial enzyme these isolates showed high fected feaves showed large preparation torn NOVO Chemical similarity to the sequence of number of highly developed Co., Switzerland Pseudomonas. 16S rRNA se• chforoplasts arranged along Work on cloning alpha- quence analysis' has been the cell membrane The nuclei amylase gene in E. colt was used to identify and study the of some infected phloem cells also initiated. Xylanase pro• phylogenetic relationship of were hypertrophoid with pe• duced by Scopulariopsis.sp three rhizobial isolates from ripheral distribution of chroma• were punfied and character• mungbean, chickpea and soy• tin material ized for its properties. Cellu• bean. Identification, characterization, lases and xylanases were pro• For partial nucleotide se• percentage host cell occu• duced by Chaetomium thermo- quences of 16S rRNA gene, a pancy by rhizobia and ultra- phile in 20 litre fermenter. The DNA region of 20-338 of E. coli structural differences caused enzymes were found to be 16S rRNA was amplified with by high and low temperature thermostable and were found

universal primers y-, and y2. conditions were carried out. suitable for large scale applica• Random amplified polymor• Colonization studies for both tion .These enzymes de• phism DNA (RAPD) technique symbiotic and associative ni• creased the unwanted fibre in has been used to establish trogen fixers with cereal crops poultry feed and improved pro• polymorphism among (Brady) have also been carried out. tein content and weight of the rhizobium strains from peas, Electron Microscopy facilities experimental birds. soyabean, siratro, mungbean were provided to Health Bio• Mutagenesis was applied to and chickpea. DNA of these technology Division for local• improve gene expression and strains was extracted and has ization of Biofilm formation by some hypersecretive mutants been used for polymerase Salmonella typhi of Kluyveromyces marxianus chain reaction (PCR) based Effect of inoculation of the were isolated using gamma amplification with 50 different bacterial isolates K1 and Ky1 ray-induced mutagenesis. In random primers from kallar grass as well as this study, kinetic parameters Experiments were "carried out two Azospihllum strains N4 were also determined for pro• for developing polysaccharide and Wb3 isolated from rice duction of enzymes, cell mass negative mutants of (Brady) and wheat respectively, was formation and substrate utiliza• rhizobium strains through plas- studied on two rice varieties In tion following growth on 6 dif• mid curing by the use of this experiment, maximum ni• ferent carbon sources. K. chemical mutagens/ trogen fixation by hetrologous marxianus supported maxi• intercalating agents like strains K1 and Ky1 was ob• mum production of fi- ethidium bromide and acridme served in Super Basmati and xylosidase. Maximum values

orange. The (Brady)rhizobium Basmati 385, respectively. of Yp«(IU/g cells), orYP/s(IU/ strains have so far been tried g substrate consumed) and and grown separately on YEM productivities of (3>-xylosidase, agar plates containing upto Industry fi-glucosidase and 150 ug/ml and 400 ug/ml con• galactosidase by K. marx• centrations of ethidium bro• ianus were several-fold im• Cellulases, and glucaamylases mide and acridine orange, re• proved over those from some were produced after cultivation spectively. Higher concentra• other Kluyveromyces marx• of Archionatus sp. in Vogel's tions of these mutagens are ianus strains, fungi and bacte• wheat bran medium. The en• being tried to obtain polysac• ria. zymes were purified to homo• charide negative mutants geneity level and characterized Among different xylitot produc• Ultrastructurai immunosorbant for enzyme properties Alpha- ing strains, Candida tropicalis studies were carried out to de• amylase produced from various was found to be best organism

30 for production of xylitol from ATCC 13661 and moderate The study indicated that Multi• pure xylose. thermohpile MT 13 were the drug resistant strains have Sacharomyces cerevisiae and best leaching bacteria with greater facility for production of C tropicaiis were used sepa• highest percentage recovery bio-film. rately and as co-culture for si• during 90 days. Results of experiment of bio- multaneous saccharifi cation Coal desulfurization studies control of malaria indicated and fermentation (SSF) of 5- with a locally isolated aci• that local isolate Bacillus thur- 20% (w/v) dry corn cobs for dophilic moderate thermophile, ingiensis serotpye 14 showed co-production of ethanol and MT13, were continued in 12 L 100% mortality and faster effi• xylitol. fermenter. The samples from cacy. The isolate (BtM5) pro• Saccharomyces cerevisiae this experiment, when ana• duced triangular crystal pro• was used to isolate thermo- lyzed on elemental analyzer teins and showed strong cross tolerant variants through ethyl (CHNS/O), revealed about reactivity with total Bacillus methyl sulphonate (EMS) 67% reduction in nitrogen and thuringiensis israelensis antis- mutagenesis. 10% increase in carbon con• era. The study on Thalassemia For enhanced production of tent of coal. indicated that FSC 8-9 (+G) vinegar from glucose, acid tol• Three bacterial isolates were and IVS-l-5 (G to C) are the erant Accetobacter aceti is de• enriched from two water sam• most common mutations caus• sired. A. aceti was mutated us• ples collected from Khewra ing alpha-thalassemia in Paki• ing (EMS). The mutagen-free Salt mines. Liquid and solid stan with gene frequency of cultures were used to select formulations of growth media 24.8% and 22 2% respectively, Ca-acetate tolerant variants were developed. Various pa• whereas CD 41-42 (-CTTT), Acetic acid secretion was en• rameters affecting growth of IVS-l-1 (G to T) and 619 bp hanced in the mutant organ• these isolates is underway. deletion mutation are the third, ism. The best mutant exhibited Analytical and consultancy ser• fourth and fifth common mo• 80% theoretical yield of acetic vices were provided to various lecular genetic defects .The acid without addition of organizations including hemoglobin variants i.e. HbS

CaC03. Chenab Fabrics and Process• and HbD were detected in 10 For improved production of ly• ing Mills, KCP-Il, Punjab Bev• and one chromosomes respec• sine by Bravtbacteriam sp., a erages PEPSI etc. for chemi• tively. Regional specificity of homoserine-resistant mutant cal and microbiological analy• the molecular defects has also was obtained following X-ray ses. been revealed by the results of induced mutagenesis.This mu• A total of 396 samples of pa• present study tation yielded strain capable of tients with chronic liver disease As part of diagnostic services hyper producing lysine in the from different cities of Pakistan provided for general public, growth-supporting environ• were screened for HCV RNA PCR-based detection of (i) My• mental conditions. The best by RT-PCR. Eighty three am• cobacterium tuberculosis (li) mutant gave 1 5-fold improved plified samples were dot blot• Hepatitis C virus (iii) bcr-abl production of lysine in a fully ted for hybridization using 32 P- translocation (for chronic mye• automated fermenter. ATP labeled ASO probes , loid leukemia) was carried out. To select the most efficient HCVG1, HCVG2, HCVG3 and Patients referred for Cytoge• strains for bio-leaching of zinc- HCVG4. netic Analysis of Chromosomal lead ores, initially, three strains in typhoid PCR diagnostics, Abnormalities to our diagnostic of mesophiles {Thiobacillus Typhidot, which is a relatively laboratory were found to have ferrooxidans ATCC 13661, C2- new diagnostic procedure was karyo-types for Down syn• T and NCIMB- 13537) and two included. These results clearly drome, Variant of Turner syn• moderate thermophiles show that PCR is superior to drome, Robertsonian translo• (SulfobacHlus thermosulfi- Typhidot as well. cation for Down syndrome, dooxidans & MT-13) were Bio-film production is consid• Sex chromosomed mosacism, used. After screening and se• ered to be an important feature Philadelphia chromosome, lection through various pa• of virulent strains It helps the Fragile X syndrome. rameters, it was concluded Salmonella typhi bacteria to Three families screened under that Thiobacillus ferrooxidans adhere to the epithelial linings the program requested for pre- 31 natal diagnosis.The ARMS-PCR proved to be a powerful, rapid and cost-effec• tive technique for carrier screening and prenatal diagno• sis of thalassemia in this study.

Environment

Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of two iso-enzymes (POX-A & POX-B) of Horse• radish peroxidase (HRP) have been completed for the re• moval of phenol Biosorption process for the removal of Cr A female physician evaluating data on computer (VI) from its aqueous solution has been scaled up to column Kb) were cut out from the gel. Commercial Activities of level. Pistia stratiotis. an eluted and cloned in the PIBS aquatic plant, and Azolla, pBluescript vector at the Sail aquatic fern, were used to and EcorV site. check their tolerance limit of The ligation mixture was trans• The marketing of Bio power and growth in the presence of Cr formed in DH5 cells The re• virus free potato seed alongwith (VI) and Cr (III). Electrochemi• combinant plasmids were marketing of diagnostic services cal treatment was carried out screened from Ampicillin were continued. by using Iron electrodes for plates to check for the desired removal of Cr+6 from synthetic inserts. Plasmid DNA was iso• NUCLEAR MEDICAL solution of 200 ppm. Applying lated, digested with Xbal and voltage of 5 Volts and Current Xhol and resolved on the 1% SCIENCES of 100 mA. the concentration agarose gel The transformants of Cr +6 was reduced from having insert size in the range of 200ppm to 6ppm within two 1.5-5.0 Kb were screened. This Promoting the use of ionizing hour. screening yielded 34 clones which and radioactive sources for the Air samples were collected were finally screened by southern diagnostics and treatment of onto fibre glass filters from hybridization to confirm the ml locus patients has been an essential seven different locations of genes. About seven clones hybrid• part of the Commission pro• ized with the probe suggesting that Faisalabad city by a high vol• gramme of using nuclear en• these transformants contain gene of ume air sampler. 4 out of 8 ergy for peaceful purposes. interest Twelve PAEC medical centre samples were found to be toxic located in all the four provinces and potentially mutagenic. In another collaborative effort of Pakistan are providing regu• Both the organic and inorganic blood samples were collected lar services to the patients. fractions of the air particulate from different normal individu• The main function of PAEC samples were found cytotoxic als From blood samples WBC medical centres include, use of as well as genotoxic according layer was separated and DNA radioactive isotopes for the di• to SOS assay. was isolated following stan• agnosis of a variety of dis• The chromosomal DNA of P. dard techniques The DNA eases, treatment of cancer pa• Aeruginosa strain K3 genomic samples were subjected to tient using radioisotopes and DNA digested with Sail and re• post labeling studies Out of 20 radiation sources, research in solved on the gel was southern samples only 5 samples indi• the field of nuclear medicine and hybridized to pU0 The corre• cated some adduct formation 58 possibly related to smoking. teaching and training of graduate sponding fragments (2.0 -5.0 and post graduate level

32 During the year 1999-2000 the PAEC medical centres pro• vided diagnostic & treatment facilities to about 280.000 which shows an increase of 12% over the previous year The other important activity of PAEC centres comprises of providing therapeutic services to cancer patients. Ultrasono• graphy, simulators and treat• ment planning systems are used first to plan the radiation therapy so that only the cancer tissue gets the maximal dose thus sparing the surrounding Mould room at CENAR. Quetta vital organ. diagnose and treat disease. based upon anatomy. It is a These Radiopharmaceuticals way to gather medical informa• emit gamma rays that can be tion that may otherwise be un• Nuclear Medicine detected externally by special available, require surgery or types of camera. These cam• necessitate more expensive Nuclear medicine began ap• eras work in conjunction with diagnostic tests. Its imaging proximately 50 years ago and computers used to form im• procedures often identify ab• has evolved into a major medi• ages that provide data & infor• normalities very early in the cal specialty for both diagnosis mation about the area of the progression of a disease-long and therapy of serious dis• body being imaged. before some medical problems eases. Nuclear medicine makes use are apparent with other diag• There are nearly 100 different of safe, painless, and cost ef• nostic tests. nuclear medicine imaging pro• fective techniques and is Common nuclear medicine ap• cedures available today Nu• unique in the sense that it plications include diagnosis clear medicine uses very small documents organ function and and treatment of hyperthyroid• amounts of radioactive materi• structure, in contrasts to diag• ism, cardiac stress tests to als or radio-pharmaceuticals to nostic radiology, which is analyze heart function, bone scans for orthopedic injuries, lung scans for blood clots, and liver and gall bladder proce• dures to diagnose abnormal function or blockages. Nuclear medicine procedures are painless and do not require an• esthesia.

Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy, also called ra• diation therapy, is the treat• ment of cancer and other dis• eases with ionizing radiation Simulator being used at one of the nuclear Ionizing radiation deposits en• medical centres ergy that injures or destroys 33 ceils in the area being treated say was developed in the Transfusion Evaluation of the by damaging their genetic ma• 1950s. Products separated on Cell terial, making it impossible for A radioimmunoassay, or RIA, Separator", evaluation of cell these cells to continue to grow requires three materialsra components before and after Radiotherapy may be used to radioactively labeled prepara• the transfusion is being carried treat localized solid tumors, tion of the substance to be on through this study. These such as cancers of the skin, measured, antibody to this ma• components will be separated tongue, larynx, brain, breast, terial, and a biological fluid on Cell Separator make Bax• or uterine cervix It can also be containing an unknown ter, USA Significance of com• used to treat leukemia and amount of the material. The ponents therapy will also be lymphoma. RIA is now an important re• available through this study search tool, as well as being Under the project "In-vivo Gamma rays are form of pho• commonly used in hospitals to evaluation of Anti-Fungai tons used in radiotherapy help diagnose diabetes, thy• drugs", different Anti fungal are Gamma rays are produced roid disorders, hypertension, being radio-labeled and their spontaneously as certain ele• reproductive problems, and bio-distribution evaluated for ments (such as radium, ura• other diseases. the purpose of selecting line nium, and cobalt 60) release best compound radiation as they decompose, Moreover,the project or decay Each element de• RESEARCH PROJECTS "Optimization of the dose of ra• cays at a specific rate and dioactive 1-131 in patients with gives off energy in the form of In addition to routine work fryzotoxicosis", is being carried gamma rays and other parti• PAEC medical centres are en• out with the view to evaluate cles. gaged in research on various projects of Nuclear medicine, 200 patients who already have Another technique for deliver• Radiotherapy and other allied received Ra 1-131 in therapeu• ing radiation to cancer cells is fields. tic dose. to place radioactive implants IRNUM is participating in directly in a tumor or body cav• Under IAEA Project IAEAAA/HO postal dose (TLD) ity. This is called internal radio• "Establishment of Mould Room i nter-co mpan so n P rogram me therapy (Brachytherapy, inter• Technique" at INMGL, mould since 1977. LiF capsules are stitial irradiation, and intracavi• room facility has been intro• exposed to 2Gy at 5Cm depth tary irradiation are types of in• duced with cooperation of in water under standard condi• ternal radiotherapy) In this IAEA tions and are sent to IAEA do• treatment, the radiation dose is Under RCA - IAEA Project simetry laboratory for evalua• concentrated in a small area, "Distance Assisted Training tion results are with in ±2%, and the patient stays in the Programme for Nuclear Medi• Under the Project "Role of in• hospital for a few days. Inter• cine Technologists'' a course traluminal brachytherapy in nal radiotherapy is frequently for Nuclear Medicine Tech• th Ca. Oesophagus", study on ra- used for cancers of the tongue, nologists started on 25 of diotherapeutic management of uterus, and cervix January, 2000. Ten students from eight PAEC Medical Centers three groups of Ca. Oesopha• were selected aiognwiih one su• gus patients namely postop• Radioimmunoassay pervisor from each Center erative cases undergoing che• For IAEA Research Contract motherapy, patients undergo• titled JPost Mastectomy Radio• ing radiotherapy and patients Radioimmunoassay, in medi• therapy in Breast Cancer, receiving radiotherapy and in• cine, is a technique used for Comparison of three Proto• tracavitary therapy has been quantifying minutely small cols", short Protocols seem to undertaken. amounts of biological sub• be working nicely. This project Under the IAEA project, "Study stances such as enzymes, hor• has already been recom• of increase number of fractions mones, steroids, and vitamins mended by the Agency for per week in Pakistan " sixty two in blood, urine, saliva, or other multicentric tnal. patients have been inducted so body fluids. Radioimmunoas• For the Project "Pre and Post far. RIA lab. of IRNUM is col-

34 laborating with INMOL and tak• Another Project, "Study of the The other import facility pro• ing active part in IAEA run pro• Relationship between Gastroe• vided by the institute will be in ject on EQAS for thyroid and sophageal Reflux Recurrent the form of nuclear diagnostic related hormones. Lower Respiration/ Tract Infec• facility, which would enable the Myocardial perfusion imaging tion and Bronchial Asthma in diagnosis of cancerous and of two patients is performed Infants and Children" is meant non-cancerous diseases using each week with Tc^MlBI at to identify any possible asso• unclear medicine techniques. IRNUM, using two- day proto• ciation between GER, recur• BINO will also have an ad• col. The data of 30 patients rent lower respiratory tract in• vance facility of Radioimmuno• have been collected for this fection and bronchial asthma assay (RiA). A Cardiac Stress project. in children. System is installed at CENAR, Under the project 'Trials of new che• The Project "To assess the Di• Quetta with ECG & defibrilla• motherapy regimens (Cisp + Adna agnostic Accuracy of Tc-99m- tor To cope with the present + Bleo + Etop) for soft tissue sar• Mibi Planar and Spect in differ• increasing patient workload, a coma" at MINAR Multan , five soft entiating scarred tissue from new Gamma Camera has tissue sarcoma patients were recurrence of cancer after been purchased which is going treated with this new regimens and Breast Surgery" was awarded to be installed at CENUM La• other 5 patients with old regimens in January 2000 to asses the hore and its operation is ex• (Cycl+ Vcr+Adria + Dac). Safety & Tolerance Of Tc99m- pected in near future. It will For IAEA - TC Project " Nu• MIBl scintigraphy. also be very useful for impart• clear Medicine and Radiother• ing training of the latest Radio• apy support" , a meeting of isotopic techniques to medical project counterparts with IAEA UP GRADATION OF students of attached King Ed• officials was been held at ward Medical College Lahore PAEC HQs to discuss the on• FACILITIES and PGMl Punjab. going activities while the re• quired equipment was being Linear accelerator of 12 Mev ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES received. maximum photon energy & 15 Mev electron energy has been Research work on three {3) All the medical centres are installed at AEMC, Jamshoro year (1996-99) IAEA Coordi• providing teaching and training recently with dosimetery sys• nated research Project enti• facilities to under-graduate as tem and a latest treatment tled "Screening of Newborns well as postgraduate students planning System. Efforts are for Neo-natal Hypothyroidism" of various Medical Colleges, under way for the installation remained in progress at affiliated with these centres CENUM, Lahore with very en• of MACASERTO SIMSCAN II Simulator at this Centre.Cell couraging results. RADIATION Work on IAEA Pro- Separator has been installed jecfUpgradation & Strengthen• and is functioning at INMOL PROTECTION ing of Nuclear Medicine facili• Blood Bank. Blood component ties at Atomic Energy Medical therapy has become possible Radiation protection aspects Centre Lahore (Nuclear Medi• due to this facility. were covered with due care cine Support)" is in progress INMOL has established a and importance at all medical and necessary equipment is pickup point for provision of centres. Personal monitoring being arranged for establish• diagnostic tests based upon of radiation workers is rou• ment of Nuclear Cardiology PCR/DNA techniques for tinely carried out with TLD Lab Participation continued in Hepatitis-C, Tuberculosis, and cards. Area monitoring is also a research project in collabora• Typhoid devised by NIBGE. continuously being performed tion with pediatric preventive At BINO Bahawalpur, a 50 bed using available survey meters. medicine department, Children indoor facility will also be avail• Solid and liquid radioactive Hospital, Lahore to root-out the able within the campus where waste are carefully disposed genetic factors causing hypo• the cancer patients will be ad• off according to laid down pro• thyroidism in children. mitted for indoor treatment. cedures.

35 NUCLEAR MINERALS

Atomic Energy Minerals REGIONAL PROSPECTING longing to Kaghan Group. The Centre, Lahore continued its high radioactive spots were & endeavors to search for Nu• found to be associated with clear Minerals in the coun• EVALUATION cross cutting quartz feldphatic try. Regional prospecting bands. Upper Kaghan Area was conducted in the first order areas including Bannu Potwar Plateau Basin, Malakand. Upper Geology of the Upper Kaghan Kaghan. Potwar and Kirthar Vailey is characterized by Range Lesser Himalayan crystallines Kamlial Formation of the Detailed exploratory work of low grade green schist fa• Rawalpindi Group has been was carried out at des of late proterozoic age. evaluated as favourable for Shanawah and Karkanwal These are thrusted over along uranium prospecting. Its ura• in Bannu Basin and at a major intra-continental dislo• nium content is generally twice Murghazar in Lower Swat. cation called Main Central as high as that of a normal Preliminary exploratory Thrust ( MCT ) by Higher Hi• sandstone. Its exposures in drilling has indicated a malayan crytallines. The MCT Potwar were subjected to de• sizeable uranium ore de• has been recognized as a ma• tailed foot prospection and posit at Shanawah near jor structural control for ura• geochemical and carborne Karak where continuity of nium mineralization in the NW spectrometric surveys. The uranium ore has been Himalayas and in this respect Kamlial Formation in Potwar proved over a strike length the roadside section of MCT has been foot prospected cov• of 2 kms Detailed geologi• lying between youth hostel in ering about 400 sq km area. cal studies were carried north and Batal Village in Detailed radiometry, geological out at other prospective south was investigated in de• mapping and section measure• sites in the area and in tail. Different rock units and ments were made to study ura• Marwat Range ( Bannu Ba• structural features were stud• nium occurrences in the re• sin) and Manchar Forma• ied. Anomalous radioactivity gional context. Systematic tion ( Kirthar Range). Oxi• was discovered for the first sampling was done for petro- dized uranium mineraliza• time with in the sheared, my- graphic studies and chemical tion has been found in lonitized quartz mica schist be• assaying Anomalous gamma the Manchar Formation for the first time which, along with other ravour- able indicators, makes it a prime target area for uranium exploration. Experimental work was carried out on processing of car- bonatite ore from Malakand and sandstone ore from Shanawah. Column leach studies were started on core samples from Shanawah for determina• tion of leaching parame• ters.

36 radiation, though spotty in na• from wells, tube Wells, cance, foot radiometric trav• ture, extends up to tens of me• streams, springs, hand Pumps erses were run in igno- ters in length Anomalous oc• Stream sediment samples metamorphic rocks of currence at Ara Basharat, were also collected. Statistical Malakand by using hand-held Chumbi area is relatively con• processing of the data indi• scintillometers. tinuous and extends for about cates higher uranium disper• As a result extensive radioac• 1000 meters. The highest sion halos at Padial-Choa, tivity and uranium mineral oc• gamma radiation recorded is Ganj Ah Shah, Dheri Jaba, currences were recorded at 7500 cps. Lower and Upper Khokhar Bala and Chumbi - Baru Village situated at ap• part of Kamiial Formation are Kallar Kahar areas. proximately 20 kms west of relatively more anomalous Ara Dargai. The host rock is Basharat, Rachianwal, Nakka Malakand granite gneiss The Swat Valley Dam, Taiwan nala and Chinji radioactivity is found to be as• Kanatti anomalous zone are sociated with joints/fracture interesting out of which the first While detailed exploratory planes filled by hydrothermal has been selected for detailed work and drilling continues in solutions containing uranium studies Hum Granitic Complex at minerals, fluorite, biotite and Uranium analyses of 94 sam• Marghzar, the northern area of quartz. ples and mineralogical studies the complex was examined ra- Anomalous radioactivity occurs of 12 samples indicate that diometrically. Anomalous in several sheared zones of while the thorium is quite low, showings of gamma radiation granite gneiss in a 500 x 3000 average uranium content of have been recorded at meter area These sheared Kamiial Formation is high Maraghi, Gul Bandi and Spal zones and silicified bands run Anomalies are generally associ• Bandi localities. A 3 km length in a parallel to sub-parallel ated with carbonaceous matter. of the area has been found to fashion in the E-W direction, Follow-up of airborne spectra- be of interest where a number along the general strike direc• metric anomalies in Bule-Bala of quartz-epidote and aplite tion of the area. Radioactivity area in Dhok Pathan Foram- veins have been identified in ranges between 500-5000 c/s tion, Potwar Plateau reveals the Sapal Bandi-Sher Atraf with a background of 150 c/s. spotty showings two to four section Black mineral veinlets Primary and secondary ura• times the background which in the cataclastic zone of por- nium and copper mineraliztion merit further follow up studies phyritic granite gneiss has has been recognized on the Carborne spectrometric survey generated interest. surface and in the freshly cut was done on 52 traverses As a result of detailed radi- trenches. Uraninite, urano- along a total of 2100 road kms ometry and structural studies splnite, beta-uranophane, tor- in northern Potwar and on 60 and lithological mapping in bernite and meta-torbernite traverses along 950. road kms Sangar, Parana, Kalel Kandao, have been recognized as ma• in southern Potwar. In South• metasediments and granitic in- jor uranium minerals. ern Potwar, a uranium anom• strusive sheets were encoun• Detailed geological studies aly was recorded in the middle tered. The spectrometric as• were carried out and Itthologi- Kamiial sandstones at Nikka saying however portrays domi• cal units were mapped. Major Nala situated to the west of nance of thorium over ura• structures were identified by Kallar Kahar Another anomaly nium studying TM contrast and was found at Kurradhi in Datta lineament enhanced image of Formation Malakand area Superimposi- Malakand Area tion of the geological & radio• Kamiial Formation was investi• metric map reveals that gated in the area from Choa anomalous zones are mostly Saidan Shah to Chinji Village An intra-continental dislocation associated with the highly (from east to west) in South called Main Central Thrust sheared fine grained granite Potwar Approximately 470 (MCT) was extended into gneiss and silicrfied coarse km2 area has been examined Malakand by the researchers grained granitic rocks. Water samples were taken in geology. In view of its signifi•

37 " • Integrated studies were canted;1 Karanuk - Sehwan area) were checked for their evaluation. out through various 'geophysi1 measured. Data on sedimen- ca! techniques including EM/ tological and litholggical char• VLF, ROAC, Resistivity, SP & acteristics of the uranium host EXPLORATION Magnetic surveys. The data and country rocks was gath• was collected along 8 fence ered. 185 rock samples were Shanawah, Bannu Basin lines. Presence of two conduc• analyzed for chemical values tors in the subsurface was indi• and mineralogical studies. Data of geological studies and cated which would be ex• Assay of selected sampres the exploratory drilling done at plored through drilling. show uranium values up to 4.5 a number of sites in Shinghar

% U308. This is for the first Range during 1978-96 was re• time that uranium mineraliza• viewed. Shanawah site was Wahi Pandi Area, Kirthar tion has been found in Sindh found to be most promising for Range which is a significant develop• exploration further down dip ment. A third favourable forma• based on ore formation model tion, apart from Siwaliks and proved at Qabul Khel. The ef• Manchar Formation of Kirthar Kamlial, has now been added forts met success and thick Range, Sindh is equivalent to for future uranium exploration. uranium ore sections were en• the well known Siwaliks For• countered in the below water mation which hosts uranium PLATFORM SURVEY zones at a depth of 250-300 orebodies at a number of meters. The Shanawah ore places. Manchar Formation at• body has been proved over a tracted little attention due to in• Collection, synthesis and inter• strike length of 2000 m. Dur• hospitable working conditions pretation of geological data on ing the year under report, 32 and failure of earlier aero- 'Lower Permian' rocks of the boreholes to an accumulative radiometric surveys to detect eastern part of the Salt Range 9329 meters depth have been anomalous radioactivity. has been done in order to drilled. Ore intercepts as thick This year approximately 200 identify favourable rock hori• as 17 meters have been inter• Km area was foot prospected zons and the sites of interest. cepted. Average thickness is which revealed 6 major ura• This study has revealed that 10 meters while average ore nium showings in lower Man• upper and lower parts of Vvar- grade is 0.05% U 0 . Width char Formation in the Wahi chha Formation show uranium 3 8 along the dip is about 100 me• Pandi, Karunuk (Sehwan) and minerals at 11 sites. The areas ters. The ore body is open on Rehman Dhora (Aamri) areas. identified as worth studying in• both sides and also in the dip Anomalies were recorded in clude Maim (in upper War- direction. Carnottte mineral is lower Manchar Formation in a chha), Chitti Dand and Karuli found in the oxidized (above strike length of over 25 kms. (in middle Warchha) and the water table) zone whereas Four anomalous sites at Son, Warala and Nilawahan (in Uraninite has been identified Kukrahi, Gaji Kumb and HaleJi lower Warchha) (through XRD studies) as the in Wahi Pandi were found to dominant mineral in the below be very promising. Uranifer- water table zone rous zones in sandstone ex• REVIEW OF DATA tend from 200-1000 m in length. Radioactivity of up to Airborne spectrometric data Qubul Khel, Bannu Basin 15000 c/s is encountered in (1990-91) of Southern Potwar the freshly cut trenches. Plateau was reviewed. Around Chemical uranium values 250 new uranium channel Geological studies were exe• range from 200 ppm to 4.5 % anomalies were identified in cuted at the Qubul Khel Pro• UZOQ. Uranium minerals have addition to those already re• ject site to understand the been recognized as camotite, ported by the previous work• genesis of uranium ore and to curienite, phurcaiite and sale- ers. Some of these anomalies determine parameters useful ite. Five geological sections {4 were ground checked while for exploration of additional in Wahi Pandi and 1 in others still need to be ground uranium reserves in the Pro-

38 ject area. Major structural ele• sites were studied in regional U308- The continuity of the ments and fractures were context and as a result Chumbi veins proved to 100 meters mapped. Block faulting and dif• site has been selected for pre• depth is considered a favour• ferential uplift was recognised liminary exploratory drilling, able indicator worth consider• in the area which played an ing. Deeper drilling to 250 me• important part in formation ore Marghuzar Area ters depth is planned to deter• bodies in the area and ex• mine continuity of the uranium Lower Swat plains difference Irt the charac• bearing quartz veins and pos• ter of Qabul Khel and Eagle sible increase in uranium val• During previous year a net• Hill ore bodies. The studies ues to ore grade. work of quartz veins was iden• show that additional reserves Drilling at Dabba, Marghuzar tified at Marghuzar through de• can be explored in the area. revealed Uranrferous veins at tailed prospecting of the Hum Dabba containing 10 % U 0 Granite Complex. The veins a 8 in ttie thin veinlet outcrops wtth Karknarwal Area Bannu host pyrochlore mineralization no associated Thorium. at the surface. The hydrother- Basin The outcrop was excavated by mal quartz veins containing dif• trenching upto 2.6 meter ferent minerals associations depth. Subsequently six near occur near meta sediments - The area has a 15 Km long surface holes, totaling to 60 granite contacts, and within the zone of anomalous radioactiv• meters depth, were drilled As granite gneiss. Alteration fea• ity which seems to be promis• per gamma logging of the tures e.g., heamatization, silid- ing. Geological mapping of 4 boreholes the uranium values ficatron, kaolinization, epidoti- km2 area at 1:2000 scale was range from 0.047 to 2.5 % zation, sericitization, pyritiza- done between Paiwal and U O in the thin veins. Site tion, and flouritization have 3 s Baianjun nalas, Karkanarwal merits further exploration. Remote sensing data was been observed in these veins. processed for plotting of struc• Sheared zones within the tural elements in the Bannu granite are also radioactive. Exploration in Malakand Basin. Geological cross sec• The steeply dipping uranffer- tions were prepared to under• rous quartz vein system was stand sedimentological varia• mapped. Preliminary explora• Three bore holes to 318 me• tions along anomalous stretch tion work was conducted ters depth were drilled for the to find exploration sites. through surface efridding, confirmation of subsurface ex• Detailed geological studies trenching and shallow drilling. tension of the surface occur• combined with the results of Subsurface continuity of the rences. preliminary exploration indi• surface quartz veins was in• Geophysical survey indicated cate that the site merits, further vestigated through core drill• a high contrast low resistivity exploration. ing. A total of 5 boreholes for zone flanked by two high resis• an accumulative depth of 1593 tivity zones was interpreted to meters were drilled. Week ura• act as locus for mineralization. Kallar Kahar Area, Salt nium values were encountered However, drilling through this zone didn't render positive re• Range in some bore holes The study of core samples reveal fractur• sults. ing of the quartz veins and Detailed geological studies their filling with pyrite and REMOTE SENSING and mapping was carried out microcrystalline quartz which & at Chumbi, Chak, Khushi, indicates a second phase of Khokhar Bala, Nikka Dam, Kal• mineral paragenesis. Uraninite GEOPHYSICAL WORK lar Kahar, and Radar anoma• is the major uranium mineral in lous sites at 1:100,0 scale. For• these veins. Satellite TM and SPOT Data mation boundaries between Uranium mineralization as• received from SUPARCO was Chinji, Kamiial and Chore Gali says from 60 ppm to 700 ppm processed for lithology and were marked. Uraniferrous structure identification. Linea-

39 6 merits and fractures/faults and U+ , eU, eTh, TiCb, Ai203, Fe^O* MINING & HEALTH PHYSICS drainage pattern were marked MnO, CaO, MgO, Na20, K2O, and studied, images/ maps CO2, HbO+ (water of crystalliza• Detailed underground mine plans were produced at various tion) and H2Q- (water of adsorp• for ISL operations with various ap• scales for Sui-Sibi, Zinda P«r Anti• tion) etc. proaches were prepared for cline, South Sulaiman Range, Shanawah Site. Radiation/ Maiakand area NWFP, Qubul ORE PROCESSING STUDIES contamination survey of radiation Khel - Shanawah - Thatti Nasratti zones located in AEMC, Lahore Carbonatite Ore area in Bannu Basin and Kattar Ka- was earned out as a regular prac• har- Choa Seydan Shah in west tice. Film badges and pocket Potwar Plateau Studies have been continued dosimetry service was pro• Computer Application & on processing of Carbonatite vided to the workers for the graphic depiction of field and Ore from Malakand Agency, monitoring of radiation exposure lab data of diverse nature has NWFP. Pyrochlore (containing and its control within permissible lim• been widely and meaningfully uranium) was physically up• its. Inspection was made by applied to generate maps, fig• graded and final product DNSRP Islamabad on the health ures, illustrations to cater to 'Yellow Cake' was precipitated. physics procedures in vogue, the the requirements mineral sur• Studies continued on the re• AEMC working and the instruments vey of programme. Data col• covery of Rare Metals & Rare available at this center. lected through geophysical Earth Elements and prepara• work at Malakand site was tion of phosphoric acid as a SERVICES TO OTHER processed and compiled to by-product from apatite frac• ORGANIZATIONS prepare maps, profiles, plots, tion of the same ore. The car• contours etc. bonatite body at Sillai Patti site Resistivity Survey was conducted at in Malakand contains low NLP ( PINSTECH) for determina• MINERALOGICAL & grade uranium and phosphate tion of subsurface aquifer. Pro• content and as such is of little visional report, after data proc• CHEMICAL LABORATORIES interest. Studies are however essing and compilation, was being conducted to prepare a submitted to DGNF & M, Is- Mineralogy Laboratories are final report for future reference. lamabad.TM data of Chashma supporting activities in geologi• and surrounding area was proc• essed as pa-requirements of Direc• cal and ore processing in a Ore Processing substantive manner by per• tor, DSNRP.GeophysicaJ survey at forming identification of rocks a classified site in Baluchistan was and minerals through thin sec• Column leaching studies on carried out along 16 profiles. The tion study, ore microscopy, the sand stone core samples survey data was processed and isodynamic separation, fluid were carried out to determine the results alongwith a map separation, X.R.D., autoradio• leaching parameters. The tests were handed over to the con• graphy and other techniques were conducted by using the cerned quarters The Mineralogical laboratories following groups of leachants. 1 Na C0 - NaHC0 2. Na carried out these studies on a 2 3 3l 3. 4. H 0 - DATA BASE total of 843 rock samples. HCO3, NH4HCO3 2 2 NH HC0 . An 82.25 % leach• Chemistry Laboratories play a 4 3 pivotal role in mineral content ing efficiency was achieved by As part of 'Exploration Data Man• using NaHC0 and 81 9 % by 1 determination and the smooth 3 agement and to provide ihe geo- using NH HC03.Preliminary running of the multi-facet min• 4 scientists with consistent and eral survey programme. 7,458 work has been completed on readily accessible information on samples were analysed and designing of a pilot scale leach AEMC activities, an indexing of 18680 estimations were made for liquor processing plant for reports and technical papers was processing of 10 cubic meters done . A second volume of the WB, P2O5, Ca, Free Acid, S04, Si02, pH, Fe+2, Fe+3, C (organic), of leach liquor per hour. The annotated btoliography of techni• C (inorganic), V, total U, U+, plant is likely be used at cal reports, written after 1988, Shanawah site. has been prepared.

40 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

PAEC has set up three main versity, Mr. Justice (Retd ) Mu• tation for Engineers. facilities to cater to the needs hammad Rafiq Tarar presided Mrs. Zobaida Jalal, Federal of having suitably qualified and over the second convocation Minister of Education visited trained scientists, engineers of PIEAS on December 1st, the Institute on January 20. and technicians in various spe• 1999. Later on he awarded de• 2000. She presided over the cialized disciplines of nuclear grees to twenty-seven fellows proceedings of prize distribu• technology: namely Pakistan of 29th M.Sc. Nuclear Engi• tion ceremony to the partici• Institute of Engineering and neering and nineteen fellows pants of the 4 th National Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Is• of 8th M.SC. Systems Engi• Physics Talent Contest. lamabad. KANUPP Institute of neering, session 1997-1999. Nuclear Power Engineering He also awarded gold medals Degree Awarding Status (KINPOE), Karachi and the to the position holders and to Computer Training Centre the faculty members for their The Pakistan Institute of Engi• (CTC), Islamabad. outstanding performance in neering and Applied Sciences teaching, research and project Ordinance. 2000 was issued work Pakistan Institute of on 22nd March, 2000. This or• dinance conferred on the Paki• Engineering and Visits of Dignitaries stan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences the Applied Sciences Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad, Chairman, power to award degrees. Pakistan Atomic Energy Com• A consultative meeting was (PIEAS) mission visited PIEAS on 17 th held on 26 th April 2000 to September 1999 to preside plan the future strategy to im• plement the changed status of The Institute mainly focuses on over the certificate awarding ceremony to the participants of PIEAS which was chaired by the provision of manpower the short courses. These in• Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad. trained in the diverse and mul• cluded Nuclear Reactor Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad, visited ti-disciplinary nuclear technol• Course for Supervisors. Nu• PIEAS on 10th May, 2000 and ogy to various PAEC establish• clear Medicine and Radiother• again on 7th June, 2000 and ments.Its academic pro• apy course for Staff, Auto CAD addressed the PIEAS faculty in gramme comprises of regularly for Engineers and Industrial connection with the Re-Struc• conducted degree courses and Measurements and Instrumen• turing of PIEAS. specialised short and modular courses. Its current postgraduate programmes lead to M.Sc. and Ph. D. degrees in Nudear and Systems Engineering, as well as, in Nuclear Medicine. Students projects and faculty research resut in interna• tional publications and industrial products.

Convocation

The P-esfdent of the Islamic Re• public of Pakistan and the Chan• cellor of the Quaid-i-Azam Uni•

41 I' New Plans spectively. In the 51 h & 6th M. Projects Sc. (Nuclear Medicine) thirteen (13) fellows and ten (10) fel• With the grant of Degree PIEAS continued to market its lows are registered respec• Awarding Status to PIEAS, it is products, developed mainly tively. planned to start a four year through student's projects, in Work on Seventy-one theses Bachelor of Computer and In• the open market. During the offered to the fellows of 30th formation Sciences Pro• reporting period, a Numerical M.SC. (Nuclear Engineering), gramme in October, 2000. Control Milling machine for 9th M.SC. (Systems Engineer• thin sheet cutting has supplied ing) Sessions 1998-2000 and to Hattar Mineral Project. After Ph.D. Programme 5 tn M. Sc. (Nuclear Mediane) sale service of Leher Scanner session 1998-2000 continued. (developed by PIEAS) was The theses work of the 29 th Fourteen students enrolled for done by the PIEAS faculty for M.SC. (Nuclear Engineering) M/S Wah Nobel Detonators Ph.D. in PIEAS, continued and 8th M.Sc (Systems Engi• their research. Most of mem (Pvt.) Ltd. at buyer's factory at neering) was completed during Hattar. are registered under the split the period under report The Ph.D. programme of the Minis• process to conduct written test try of Science and Technology. to induct 32nd M Sc (Nuclear Upgradation Of Facilities Engineering), 11th M.Sc. Collaboration with Other (Systems Engineering) and 7th A new building funded by" DTD M.Sc. (Nuclear Medicine) Institutes has been added to PIEAS Courses session 2000-2002 Campus. In this block the was completed. HVAC system and heating A total of eight hundred and Three Ph.Ds, three M. Phils, system was designed and in• eighty four applications were eight M.Sc, and six B.Sc. stalled by PIEAS. Engg. from other universities received. After scrutiny of pa• are doing research work for pers, call letters were sent to their respective degrees under eight hundred and ^aventy two Computer Training the supervision of PIEAS fac• (including one hundred and ten ulty members. for Nuclear Medicine) candi• Centre (CTC) PIEAS faculty also supervises M. dates to appear in the written Sc., M. Phil, and Ph.D. theses of test which was held simultane• The main activity at CTC is its the students enrolled at other uni• ously at Peshawar, Islamabad, training programmes in com• versities such as Quaid+Azam Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, puter system software and University, Peshawar Univer• Quetta and Karachi on 28th hardware to meet the needs of sity, and University of Agricul• May, 2000. skilled-manpower in various ture, Faisalabad etc. PIEAS is Seven hundred and seventy ap• PAEC projects/establishments. providing training of manpower pear in the test. After marking the for various centres, institutes papers three hundred and fifty one Post Graduate Training and projects, of PAEC as well. were declared successful and call letters for interview were issued to Programme (PGTP) M.Sc. Programme three hundred and six for Nuclear and Systems Engineering Its a one year course which is Courses and Forty Five for Nu• In the 30th '& 31st M.Sc. designed to give an insight into clear Medicine course. (Nuclear Engineering) modern topics of computer en• thirty-five (35) and forty nine gineering. The participants of (49) fellows are registered re• Short courses this course are fresh scientists spectively. Whereas in the 9th and engineers, in the fields of M. Sc. (Systems Engineering) Eighteen (18) short courses of Electrical / Electronics / Com• twenty-three (23) and twenty various duration were con• puter Systems Engineering (20) fellows are enrolled re• ducted during this period. and master's in Electronics/

42 Physics, selected on merit Short Term Training KANUPP Institute based on academic record, a Programme comprehensive aptitude test Of Nuclear Power and interview. The 15th batch of one year Post graduate In addition to these two main Engineering (KINPOE) Training Programme (PGTP) training programmes, CTC started on May 24, 1999. A to• also conducts short-term com• M Sc. Nuclear Power tal of thirty seven (37) joined puter courses designed to in• the course and twenty five (25) crease basic computer know- Engineering successfully completed the how in varying categories of training, being passed out on computer users. CTC occa• Fifth batch of M.Sc Nuclear 23rd May, 2000. sionally conducts customized Power Engineering (NPE) courses of software and hard• comprising 16 candidates ware for professionals from dif• graduated on November 04, Post Graduate Computer ferent organizations. 1999. The convocation was Orientation Course (PGCOC) held on March 25, 2000. Chair• man, PAEC was the Chief Office Automation Guest on this occasion. PGCOC is a six months pro• Workshop The final examinations of fourth gramme which is intended for semester of sixth batch have been literate professionals from a conducted from May 08 to May variety of scientific disciplines In "Office Automation Work• 22, .2000. This batch has a to use computer as a powerful shop" conducted during strength of fourteen students .The tool in their respective fields of 1999-2000, 36 participants seventh batch of M. Sc. NPE specialization, participants of were trained in MS Power comprising 19 students have en• the course are mainly the Point where as 14 participants tered the 3rd semester as per nominees from various univer• of UGC were trained for Intro• schedule. sities of Pakistan and different duction to Windows and MS The selection of candidates for establishments of PAEC. A Word. The course contents the eighth batch has been few fresh scientists & engi• were the basics of computer, made. This batch is likely to neers are also inducted in this Windows 95/98/NT, MS-Word, join KINPOE in September, course through the same merit MS-Excel, E-mail, & Internet 2000. policy as exercised in case of exploration. Two courses on PGTP fellows selection. The "Office Automation" for the 6th batch of six month Post training cff 35 PAD (Pakistan Post Diploma Training Graduate Computer Orienta• Audit Department) Officers tion Course (PGCOC-6) were also successfully con• started on June 1,1999. ducted during the said year. The certificate awarding cere• The participants of this mony of twenty eighth batch of post diploma trainees was held course were nominees Computer Literacy from different Universities on July 14, 1999 in the KIN• and PAEC departments in Programme POE auditorium. In this batch, addition to a limited num• 33 candidates have success• fully completed their training . ber of fresh graduates Two Computer Literacy Pro• from M.Sc. Mathematics & Merit certificates were also gramme were organized for the awarded to the first three posi• Statistics, B.Sc. Mechani• children of PAEC employees who cal, Agriculture & Metallur• tion holders. The selection had appeared in tfreir matriculate process of thirtieth batch of gical Engineering back• and intermediate examinations, ground. A total of forty one trainee technicians has been forty seven (47) students attended (41) joined the course and completed. The successful the first course and seventy three thirty seven (37) were de• candidates are likely to be (73) students attended the second clared successful. called for joining in October, one. 2000.

43 PROJECTS

WORKS job of drilling and acquisition of ting the plans for construction soil samples was assigned to of 2 blocks of Category-V AE Mineral Centre, Lahore . houses to be constructed in G- National Institute for Simultaneously preparation of 8/4 approved by CDA. The Biotechnology specification, BOQ and tender work has been awarded and is documents was also taken up in progress & by WASO. Genetic Engineering, Karachi Institute of Uplifting & addition at Faisalabad Radiotherapy IRNUM

The civil work for construction & Building work stands com• of Basic Biology and Genetic Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN) pleted. Tenders for the Engineering Laboratories, Lab- HVAC works are invited af• 1-11 and Auditorium stands ter the confirmation of Main Complex stands com• completed, furnishing work is funds by IRNUM authori• pleted including ail services. in progress. Construction of ties. HVAC work has been The building has been handed containment facility for four awarded to the lowest bid• over to the end users. glass houses has been com• der and is in progress work The entire scope of work re• pleted and handed over to of installation of bed lift garding construction of Gen• N1BGE. and furnishing of OPD erator foundation and room block shall be taken in also stands completed . Survey at Salli Patti, very soon. Malakand Institute of Nuclear Re-strengthening of Intake Medicine & Oncology Revised PC-ll has been re• Channel at KANUPP ceived from AEMC, Lahore. (BINO) Bahawalpur The scheme was deferred for one year due to budgetary The work of re- Entire scope of work stands constraints and shall soon be strengthening and improve• completed and Institute build• submitted to Planning and De• ment of intake/outfall chan• ings handed over to Director velopment Division for consid• nel is progressing at good BINO. eration and approval pace despite rough sea weather which started from Residential colony for PAEC Abbottabad Institute of April and continued till the employees, end of September The work Nuclear Medicine & on the right side water Islamabad breaker is about 90% com• Oncology (AINO) pleted. Initially, construction of two The core rock filling is about Revised PC-I was prepared blocks of Category-V houses 60% completed along with and submitted to the Planning consisting of 16 flats each has rip rap and the armour block & Development Division for its been planned. Repossession placement at the sides of construction and approval. It of land from CDA for two the breaker. The work on was approved by ECNEC. blocks has been accom• out fall channel is about Planning of the Institute build• plished. Through hectic efforts, 85% completed ing as well as architectural de• WASO has succeeded in get• signs have been finalized. The

44 SCIENTIFIC AND ISO-9001 certification for assembly for CZEC, heat ex• "Design and Manufacture of changer for PAEC projects ENGINEERING Process and Mechanical In addition to the above, the Equipment for Medium & SES Directorate has jobs in SERVICES Heavy Industries & Engg, Sec• hand of estimated value of Rs. tors" by four accreditation bod• 154 million. ies, namely UKAS (UK), The Scientific and Engineering COFRAC (France), TGA/DAR Service Directorate has estab• (Germany), ANSI/RAB (USA). Training lished unique CNC machining facilities, 30 M Long Annealing 10 training courses in NDT Furnace, High Pressure High Design & Manufacture of techniques and one in welding Temp Test Loop, Excellent Equipment technology were conducted in Manufacturing Capabilities, which 140 participants were NDT Centre & Welding Insti• trained. An amount of Rs. 1.5 tute to play its role towards the The Directorate has been pro• million was received as, fee achievement of the goals of viding services in design, charges. quality assurance of mechani• manufacture and supply of me• cal components. chanical equipment of various The SES Directorate, is help• types and sizes of PAEC, gov• NDT Services ing local industry and Govt. Or• ernment organizations and na• ganizations by providing me• tional industry. During the fi• Professional NDT inspection & chanical equipment/ nancial year 1999-2000, the testing services to local indus• components, services, training Directorate delivered equip• try worth Rs. 2.9 million were and trained manpower in NDT ment worth Rs 146 million. provided. The main organiza• and Welding technology. The major jobs included: mag• tions served were M/s. Na• SES has the facilities to manu• net supports for M/s CERN, tional Refinery, Pakistan Refin• facture thick walled high tem• storage vessel for PAEC, ery, KESC, Heavy Industries, perature and high pressure cranes for CHASNUPP, parts Taxi la, Pakistan Cement, PIA, vessels and heavy steel struc• for UGP Plant to KANUPP, Fauji Cereals, OGDC and Sui tures .It has attained the machining jobs and conveyer Northern Gas pipe line, Ltd

45 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Chairman's Visit Switzerland from 9-16 Octo• Damascus, Syrian Arab Re• ber, 1999 and National Labo• public from 6-26 November, Abroad ratory of Gran Sasso, National 1999 as an expert in the Field Institute of Nuclear Physics, of Electronic Maintenance of Rome, Italy from 17-21 Octo• MNSR Control Systems. Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad, Chairman, ber, 1999 Mr, Afaque Ahmed Shaikh, PAEC represented Pakistan SPE,KANUPP, Karachi carried delegation as Governor from out assignment as KANUPP Pakistan in the meeting of WANO-AC Peer Review representative with Candu IAEA Board of Governors held Programme Owners Group (COG) from 27 at Vienna (Austria) from 20-24 January to 26 July, 2000 under September, 1999. Chairman, Project -Safe Operation of PAEC also led Pakistan dele• Mr. Qamar-ul-Hoda, SPE, KANUPP

gation to the Forty-third Annual KANUPP, Karachi participated Dr. Shujaat Ahmad, CSOT General Conference of IAEA in World Association of Nu• Head, ACG, NCD, PINSTECH, held at Vienna (Austna) from clear Operators (WANO) At• Islamabad visited Atomic En• 27 September to 01 October, lanta Center, USA Peer Re• ergy Commission, Damascus, 1999 view of KRSKO, Slovenia Syrian Arab Republic from 3-7 Chairman, PAEC attended (PWR) from 23 August to 10 February, 2000 as an expert in meeting of Study Group of September, 1999. the field of Quality Control of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear En• Mr. Safdar Habib, SPE, KAN• Water Analysis and Organic ergy and Non Proliferation - A UPP, Karachi participated as Pollutants. Challenge for 21st Century Peer Reviewer in the Area of held at Kofimachi, Kaikan, Chi- Engineering Support Activities under RCA yodaku, Tokyo, Japan from (Waterford 3, USA) for three 9-10 March, 2000 On his way weeks from 25 October to 19 Pakistan has continuously back, he also paid one day of• November 1999. played its effective role in the ficial visit to Beijing, People's programme of the RCA and Republic of China on 11 has gained substantially in the March, 2000. PAEC Officials Abroad peaceful applications of nu• Chairman, PAEC attended In• clear technology in the areas ternational Seminar on the Is• Dr. Mustanser Jehangir, Head, of Agriculture, Health, Industry, lamic Approach to Institutional• Radioisotope Production Quality Assurance, Research izing Research and Develop• Group, Nuclear Chemistry Di• Reactors Utilization, etc. ment (R & D) Culture held at vision, PINSTECH, Islamabad Pakistan has participated in al• Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from visited Atomic Energy Com• most all the RCA projects. 24-25 June, 2000. mission, Damascus, Syrian Nine experts under RCA Pro• Arab Republic as an expert in jects carried out assignments the field of Preparation of Kits Member Technical's Visit in Pakistan whereas PAEC and Quality Control of Radio• provided the services of five to CERN pharmaceutical Production experts who carried out as• from 15 September, 1999 to 1 signments in different Member October, 1999. States under RCA. Five Re• Dr. Samar Mubarakmand, Mr. Mohammad Tahir Khaleeq, gional Training Events were Member (Technical) visited the PSO, Electronics Division, hosted in Pakistan which were European Laboratory for Parti• PINSTECH, Islamabad visited attended by 46 participants cle Physics (CERN), Geneva, Atomic Energy Commission, from RCA Member States and

46 Agency also provided services clear Operators, (WANO- Xuchong, Dr. F. U. Man- of 19 Lecturers. The in-kind Atlanta Center) visited KAN• chang and Mr. Y n Weip- contribution of Pakistan for UPP, Karachi from 1-3 August, ing. visited PAEC HQ., Is• hosting these regional events 1999 and PAEC HQ., Islama• lamabad on 1 March, 2000. was US$ 1,23,600. bad on 4 August, 1999 to dis• PINSTECH.Islamabad on 2 cuss the arrangements for March 2000, CHASNUPP WANO-AC Peer Review of Site, Kundian from 4-5 March. PAEC Engineers as KANUPP for the year 2000 2000 and KANUPP. Karachi IAEA Experts Dr. Reyad Kamel, Country Of• on 6 March, 2000. In addition ficer, East Asia and Pacific to their meeting with Chair• Section, Department of Tech• man, PAEC they also met Twenty three PAEC scientists/ nical Co-operation, IAEA vis• President of Pakistan and experts carried out assign• ited PAEC Headquarters Is• Chief Executive of Pakistan. ments abroad in various fields lamabad on 21 October. 1999 including Nuclear Power Plant and discussed the new Project Energy Planning, In-Service Requests submitted to IAEA Pakistani Experts under Inspection. Radium Condition• for consideration under IAEA TOKTEN Scheme ing, Utilization of Miniature Technical Co-operation Pro• Neutron Source Reactor. Mass gramme for the cycle Spectrometry, Non-Destructive 2001-2002. Dr. Gulzar Ahmed Niazi. Testing. Ultrasonic Testing, Mr Willie Rankin (UK) General expert in the field of He- Quality Control of Water Analy• Manager, Unit Inspection Co, matology/Molecular Genet• sis and Organic Pollutants, etc. South Africa visited National ics (Pathology) visited Centre for NDT, SES Director• NIBGE. Faisalabad from, ate, PAEC, Islamabad from 15-20 May, 2000 under IAEA Experts in 23-25 January, 2000. Transfer of Knowledge A fourteen Member through Expatriate Nation• Pakistan WANO-AC Team visited als (TOKTEN) Scheme. KANUPP, Karachi from 14 Professor Arif Masud, Ex• Seventy three experts carried February to 7 March, 2000 pert in the field of Compu• out assignments a: different to Conduct Peer Review of tational Mechanics and Fi• PAEC Establishments under KANUPP.A four Member nite Element Analysis vis• IAEA Regular Programme of Chinese delegation com• ited PIEAS, Islamabad Technical Co-operation in vari• prising Mr. Li Dingfan, from 30 May to 15 July. ous fields including Multifunc• President China National 2000 under TOKTEN tion Simulator for Enhancing Nuclear Corporation Scheme. Nuclear Safety, Improving (CNNC), Madame Liu Safety Features of KAN- UPP, Severe Accident Analysis. Operation and Safety Issues of NPPs. Fire Protection, Radiotracers Sealed Sources and Neu- clonic Gauges in Industry, etc.

Foreign Delegations

A five member delegation led by Mr. William Robert Kindley (USA) Director, World Association of Nu• Dr. Mustafa Bahran, Chairman Atomic Energy Commission Yemen visiting NORI 47 Meetings/Workshopsl creasing Sustainable Crop Train" f F " S .~rod~ctivity, Radiation Protec- Ing 0 orelgners emlnars tlon In Radiotherapy and Nu- clear Medicine Installations, 38 Scientists/Engineers from PAEC hosted eleven Meet- Recent Adv~nces in NM and Bangladesh, Indonesia, Jor- ~ngs/Workshops/Seminars dur- XRF. Techniques Applied for dan,. Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Ing July, 1999 to June, 2000 M.ultl-element. Analysis of Sudan, Thailand, and Syrian on Project Design, Manage- Air-borne P~rtlculate Matter ~rab Republic received train- ment and Evaluation of IAEA (APM), Sustainable Utilization Ing at various PAEC establish- Technical Co-operation Pro- of Ground Water and Waste- ments in field of Radiation Pro- jects, Indicators to Monitor la~ds. for Plant Production, Ap- tection in Reactors, Nuclear NPP Operational Safety Per- plication. of a Common Basis Engineering, Nutritional and formance, Dose Reduction for. Judging the Safety of NPP Health Related Studies, Deter- Techniques, Agro Waste Proc- BUilt, to Earlier Standards and mination of Natura] and Artifi- essing, using Radiation Tech- Good. Safety Management cial radionuclide in Environ- no logy, Bio-Fertilizers for In Practices. mental monitoring, etc.

1 j I I

48

I -- FINANCE

During the year 1999 - 2000, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission received funds from Federal Government, Provincial Governments ,FATA and through sale of electricity and generated re• ceipts. Funds received from Federal Government, Provincial Governments, and FATA are utilized to meet the current as well as development expenditure of the Commission whereas Karachi Nu• clear Power Complex (KNPC) meets its expenditure from its own generated income. 93% of total development expenditure has been incurred on construction of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant. Funds from generated receipts are mostly utilized for development activities. Actual expenditure during the financial year under review along with its comparison with preceding year is given below- A. DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE

Million Rs.

1998-99 1999-2000 ± %-age Nuclear Power 3,858 033 1,031 017 -73.28% Mineral Development 25 128 25 985 +3.41% Agriculture 25.601 26 608 +3 93% Health 182.176 26.823 -85.27% Total Development Expenditure 4,090.938 1,110.433 -72.86%

B. CURRENT EXPENDITURE The current expenditures on different activities are as follows; Million Rs. 1998-99 1999-2000 ± %-age Agriculture 135.159 147 737 +9.30% Health 191 620 220.800 +15.23% Physical Sciences 367 007 403.369 +9.91% Mineral Development 70.424 75.361 +7.01% Other Projects 36.244 42.356 +16.86% PAEC Hqrs 134 437 151.795 +12.91% Total Current Expenditure 934.891 1041.418 +11,39%

C. SELF FINANACE Million Rs. 1998-99 1999-2000 ±%-age Karachi Nuclear Power Complex 435 079 617.156 41 85% Total PAEC Expenditure (A+ B + C) 5,460.908 2,769.007 -49.29%

KNPC Karachi is a self financing unit of PAEC Its entire expenditure is met out of electricity sale revenues.

49 CONCLUSION

An analysis of total expenditure of PAEC reveals that 40.10% constitutes development activities while current expenditure represents 37.61% and self financing is to the tune of 22.29%. Sales Revenue of KANUPP has increased from Rs 456.860 million to Rs. 1018.102 million (Excluding GST) which shows an increase of 122.85%. However, collections from KESC are low which is an alarming situation

50 PUBLICATIONS

NUCLEAR POWER 7. A.l. Jalal, e! al., "Incorporation of BBW line of Boiler # 6" KANUPP- environmental regulations in me• UOR-99-04. Conference dium to long term planning for 18. Azfar Minhaj /Reactor trip on electric system expansion in PUT outlet header pressure tow" Presentations Pakistan", A case study of Paki• KANUPP-UQR-99-03. stan, progress report under 19. M. Ramzan Mughal, Waseem 1. Mohammad Ahmad. "Sustainable IAEA's co-ordinated research Shahzad, "Stress analysis of development, clean development programme on case studies to KNPP steam generator & PUT mechanism and nuclear power", assess and compare different piping", Dec. 1999, NPP-TR- IAEA Workshop on CDM and Nu• energy sources in sustainable 09/99. clear Power, Vienna, 7-8 Octo• energy and Electricity Supply 20. M. Saleem Shahid, Muhammad ber 1999. Strategies, Oct., 1999. Rafiq/Plan for severe accident 2. F. Naqvi, A.I. Jalal and GR. 8. A. Mumtaz, et at, 'Comparative analysis and accident manage• Athar/Evaluation of alternative assessment of alternative paths ment for CHASNUPP", Jan. paths of electric system expan• for electric sector development in 2000, CNPP-TR-10/2000. sion in Pakistan under Environ• Pakistan". Interim Report of Pro• 21 S.A. Siddiqui, etal. "Fire in safety mental Regulations", IAEA/ ject RAS-0-028 at National Co• class electrical cabinets in nu• ESCAP/AIT Technical Commit• ordinators' Meeting, for Regional clear auxiliary building at tee Meeting/Workshop on en• (RCA) Project, Taejon, Korea, 6- CHASNUPP*, Jan. 2D00 CNPP- hanced electric system analysis 10 March, 200Q. TR-12/2000 and planning, incorporating eco• 9. Babar Ghias & Muhammad nomic, social and environmental 22. Aleem Arshad Niazi, "Design and Arif /Failure of fuelling machine aspects in decision making, manufacture of CHASNUPP to install closure plug on channel" Thailand, 16-18 Nov. 1999. steam generator", March 2000. B11 (S) KANUPP-UOR-98-09. CNPP-TR-01/2000. 3. Mohammad Ahmad and A.I. 10. Azfar Minhaj, Muhammad Zahid 23. M. Tahir Mian, "Site characteris• Jalal/Baseline electricity supply & Qamar-uHHoda "Forced out• tics summary of vanous studies mix and associated GHG Emis• age due to T/G trip on low ex• and analysis of C-1 Site". Jan. sions for Pakistan" IAEA Work• haust vacuum" KANUUP-UOR- 2000, CNPP-TR-02/2000. shop on CDM case study, Hanoi, 2K-03. 24. M. Munir Ahmed, Saifuflah, "First Vietnam, 10-14 April, 2000. 11. Muhammad Ayaz Ahmed, Mu• in-service inspection of hammad Zahid & Qamar-ul- CHASNUPP containment", May Conference Hoda /Forced outage due to 2000, CNPP-TR-O3/200O. Proceedings light water leakage in boiler room 25. Mohammad Tahir Mian, on 01 02.2000" KANUPP-UOR- "Selection of representative aqui• 4. Qureshi, M.A., Riaz M, Iqbal 2K-02 fer parameters at CHASNUPP Javed. Wahed A , "Radiological 12 Shahid Mahmood Malik, "Forced Site". July 1999, CNPP-C&STD- consequence analysis for PARR- outage due to grid transient" TR-06/99 (REV. 0) 1 based on environmental dose KANUPP-UOR-2K-01. 26. Munir Ahmed, "Guidelines for in- calculation code developed at 13. Abdul Hameed Qureshi, Shahid service inspection of INUP",National workshop on Iqbal Siddiqui & Imtiaz Ah• CHASNUPP containment". Sep. dose reduction techniques, or• med /Damaging of disconnect 1999" CWPP-C&STD-TR-07/99 ganized by DNSRP in collabora• switch of SA-DRI-DRI-HRI due to (REV. 0). tion with IAEA at SES (NCNDT). short circuit" KANUPP-UOR-2K- 27. Hamid Mahmood, "Lessons 5 Qureshi, M.A., Waheed A., tqbal, 04. learnt from the implementation of J„ 'Assessment of the effects Of 14. Muhammad Rash id ullah, "Safety 300MWe Chashma Nuclear ICRP-60 recommendatiDn on ra• aspects of KANUPP operation" Power Project (Siting & Civil En• diation protection quantities fOF KANUPP-STR-99-01. gineering Aspects)". Oct. 1999. neutrons", Ibid. 15. Waqar M. Butt, "KANUPP Steam CNPP-C&STD-TR-08/99 (REV. generator tube denting and plug• 0) Reports ging criteria" KANUPP-STR-99- 28. Munir Ahmed /Computer code 04. ILRA developed for integrated 6. Mohammad Ahmad et al., 16. Tahir Siddiqui, Shahid Iqbal Sid• leakage rate analysis of NPP "Review of reference technol• diqui & M Tariq Khan, Tire inci• containments", Oct. 1999.CNPP- ogy database (RTDB). Report dent in Boiler Room near PH-p6" C&STD-TR-09/99 (REV 0) prepared for the DECADES KANUPP-UOR-99-02. 29. Rehan Fazal,FaSure Mode and Ef• project of the IAEA". October 17. M.Ayaz Ahmed, "Forced outage fects Analysis of Reactor Protection 1999. due to tight water leakage from System for Chashma Nuclear Power

51 Rant. May 2000", CNPP-C&STD- 41. Nasir Ahmad, "Nuclear Physics- 55. K. M. Khan and N. Ahmad, TR-10/99(REV.O). II". A text book for M.Sc. "Monomer-dimer CCvO? catalytic 30. M, Arshad, Abdul Manan, Amer (Physics) students. Published by reaction on (001) surface and Mahmood, "Selection of new equilib• Allama Iqbat Open University, subsurface of simple cubic rium core for PARR-I", fNUP-JTM- Islamabad, Pakistan-1999. structure", Physica A 280 (2000) 126, Aug. 1999. 42. Azmat Mumtaz Saqib and A R 391. 31. M. Aishad, Abdul Marian, "Neutronic Tabassum, "Engineering Draw• 56. K.M, Khan, Temporal kinetic os• analysis for the proposed PARR-I ing with Auto CAD R-13", Report cillation in the oxidation of car• equilibrium oore loading No. 94", CNS-4S7, (2000). bon monoxide; A subsurface 1NUP-051, Sep. 1999, layer effect", Physica A 278 32. Muhammad Sagheer, Rizwan Ah• Papers in Journals £000) 526. med, Muhammad Iqbal, "Calculation 57. K.M. Khan and K Yaldram, "The of stabilSy indices and time periods 43. M.A. Shaikh, Y.B. Xu, Z.Q. Hu effect of subsurface layer on the of xenon induced spatial power os• "LCF behavior of single crystal phase diagram of CO-Cb cata• cillations for Chashma Nuclear nickel base superalloy*. J. Mat. lytic reaction: A computer simula• Power Pfanf, IMUP-ITWH27, Sep. Sct& Tech. 17(1999)53. tion study". Surf Sci. 445 (2000) 1999 44. MA. Shaikh, et al., "Precipitation 186. 33. Vvaheed Ahmed, M. Javed Iqbal, hardening in fnconel 825",J. Mat 58. K..M. Khan, A. Basil and K. "Preliminary design of the con• Sci. & Tech. 1& (2000) 129. Yafdram, The dimer-trimer and crete canister for dry storage of 45. M. Iqbal, et al., "Ageing effects monomer-trimer models for hetero• Spent KANUPP fuel", fNUP-052, on hardness and microstructure geneous catalysis; A phase diagram Sep. 1999. of AJ-Zn-Mg alloys", J. Mat. Sci. study", J. Phys. A 33 (2000)1 34. Parvaiz Shaft Khan, Ahsan Buk- STech. 16(2000)319. 59. A. Basit and K.M. Khan, "Phase hari, Abid Hussain, "Study of 46. A.K.S. AqiJi, et al., "Optical and diagram of dimer-trimer model n axial offset, xenon and iodine os• X-ray studies of low resistivity square and hexagonal lattice: A cillations at different burnup CrfS films", J.Mat. Sci. Let. 19 Monte-Carlo simulation study", steps and power levels of (2000) 1229 The Nucleus 36 (1999)1. CHASNUPP 300 MWe PWR 47. Ahmad,, et al., "Effects of micro- 60. KM. Khan and N Ahmad, The type nuclear power plant", ITM- void formation on the tensile role of deserption of a dimer in a 132. properties of dual phase steel". heterdgeneous catalytic surface 35. Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Mat. Eng. & Perform. (2000) 306. reaction of the type A2+2B2 ® Kamran Ghughtai, Muhammad So- 48. M. Siddique., et al., "Composition 2AB2-. The Nucleus 36 (1999) 7. hail Sarwar, "RCCAdrop time analy• dependence of qusdrupole split• 01. M. Ahmad, M U. Rajput and W. sis for CHASNUPP', INUP-053. ting in Gd-Zn ferntes", Phys. Ahmad, "Establishment of 36. Asif Waseem, "Steamtlne break ac• Stat. Sol. (b) 216 (1999) 1069. prompt gamma neutron activa• cident analysis for A1.2 and A1.6 49. Qayyum, M.N. et al., tion analysis facility at PARR-1", control rod drop time extension", "Photoernission spectroscopy The Nucleus 36 (1999) 23. INUP-Q55. and velocity analysis of sputtered 62. K„ Jamil, et al., "Study of neutron 37. Muhammad Khan, et a!., "Nuclear carbon atoms, tons and clusters , beam silhouette at tangential Data for startup tests",, INUP-056, Appf- Phys- Lett. 73 (1999) 4100. through tube of Pakistan Re• 38. Muhammad Khan, Muhammad 50. S. Ahmad , "Carbon cluster for• search ReactcM", The Nucleus Kamran Chughtai, Abid Hussain, mation in regenerative sooting 36 (1999)31. Ahsan Bukhari, "Data bank of plasmas", Phys. Lett. A 261 63. M.U. Rajput, M. Ahmad and W. INCOPW for flux mapping of (1999) 327. Ahmad, "Prompt gamma neutron CHASNUPP", INUP-057. 51. H. Saieem, "Electron Magneto- activation analysis of 316-L hydmdynamics and toe magnetic stainless steef, J. RadioanaJy. & PHYSICAL SCIENCES drift mods', Phys. Rev. E 59 Mud Chem. 243 (2000) 719. & (1999) 6f96. 64. H.A. Khan and I.E. Qureshi, "SSNTD Applications in Science ENGINEERING 52. H. Salefem and Q. Hague, "Electromagnetic convective and Technology - A Brief Re• Books cells in nonuniform dusty plas• view", Rad* Meas. 31 (1-6) mas", Phys. ReV. E 60 (1999) (1999)26. 39. Nasir Ahmad, "Laboratory Equip• 7612. 65. H A. Khan, et al, "Preliminary ment and Error Propagation". A 53. K. M. Khan, et al., "Critical expo• Results of Fission Induced by text book for M.Sc. (Physics) stu• nents for a dtmer-dimer irreversi- (1068 MeV) in Cu, Sn, Au and Bi dents. Published by Allama Iqbal ble surface reaction", using CR-39 Detectors", Rad. Open University, Islamabad, Physica A 267 (1999) 343. Meas. 31 (1-6) (1999) 559. Pakistan-1999, 54. K.M. Khan, et al., "Kinetic phase 66. M. Ambrosino et al., "High 40. Nasir Ahmad, "Nuclear Physics- transitions in dimer-dimer irre• Statistics Measurement of the r A text book for M.Sc. versible catalytic surface reac• Underground Muon Parr (Physics) students. Published by Separation at Gran. Sasso", tions of the type A2+xB2 2atv Allama Iqbal Open University, Physica A 268 (1999) 89. Phys. Rev. D 60 (1999) 52 Islamabad, Pakistani999. 032001. 67. F. Ronga et at, "Atmospheric 79. M. Aslam, eta!., "Observation of 89. M.M. Ishfaq and M. Safdar, "A 5 neutrino induced muons in the 3o nd J=2r3 odd parity spectra radiochemical study on the kinet• MACRO detectof\Nucl. Phys. B of argon and MQDT analysis in ics and mechanism of cesium (Proc. Suppi.) 77 (1999) 117. the discrete and autoionizing re- adsorption on potassium copper 68. t. Montaruli et ai, "The measure• gions",OpL Comm. 172 (1999) nickel hexacyanoferrate (II) tram ment of upward going muons us• 37. aqueous solutions",Adv. Sci. ing the MACRO detector", Nucl. 80. S.R^hman, e t a I. , Tech. 17(1999)689. Phy. B (Proe. Suppl.) 70 (1999) "Thermoanalytical (TG, DTG 90. M.M. Ishfaq, "Use of insoluble 367. andDTA) behavior of Nickel(ll), hexacyanoferrate (11) complexes 69. E. Scapparone et al., "Study of Cobalt(lt), Copper(ll), Cadmium for the removal of cesium from Photonuclear interaction of (II) and Zanc(ll) Hafide Com• aqueous solutions: A review", Muons in Rock with the MACRO plexes With 1,3-dipjperidi nopro- Sci. Int. 11 (1999)249. Experiment", Nucl. Phys. B pane", G.Thermo Acta. 345 91. N. Khalid, et at, "Removal of ^Proc. Suppl.) 75A (1999) 397- (2000)4181. mercury from aqueous solutions 399. 81. S. Rehman, et aL, Thermal Deg• by adsorption to rice husks", 70. G. Battistoni et al., "Experimental radation Studies of Complexes Sep. Sci. Tech. 34 (1999) 3139 Study of Hadronie interaction of Derivative of Phenhomazine 92. N. Khalid and SA Chaudhri, Models Using Coincident Data (Dibenzo [b,f]|1:5] diazocine- "Standardisation of digestion pro• from EAS-TOP and MACRO", 6:12-dione (PHZD)) By Ther• cedure for the determination of Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 70 moanalytical Techniques", J. heavy metals in biological mate• (1999) 483. China Ghem. Soc 47 (2000) 501. rials by AAS", Sci. Int. 11 (1999) 71. M. Ambrosio et al„ "Limits on 82. Ali, F. Jan, S.M. Hasany and M. 415. dark matter WIMPs using up• N. Cheema, "Isotopic compo• 93. I.HL Qureshi, "Air pollution ward-going muons in the sition of natural uranium using sources, impact and monitoring!", MACRO detector, Phys, Rev. D. molecular electroplating and al• The Nucleus 36 (1999) 117. 60(1999). 082002. pha spectrometry*', The Nucleus 94. S. Bite! Butt, M. Rraz and Ehsan- 72. M. Ambrosio et ai., "Relevance 36 (1999) 63. ul-Haq, "Preconcemtration of se• ot the hadronie interaction model 83. Ali, et al., "1,10-Phsnanthroline lective polycyclic aromatic hydro• in the interpretation' of multiple as a complexing agent for carbons for their subsequent de• muon data as detect4ed with the on-line sorbent extraction termination m domestic and MACRO experiment", Nucl. preconcentration for Fl-FAAS", waste water by gradient etution Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 75A Anaty. Chem. Acta 392 (1999) high performance liquid chroma• (1999) 265. 283 tography", The Nucleus 36 73 A A. Qureshi, el al.„ "Radon con• 84. All, et al„ "Determination of (1999) 161. centration in coat mines of Balu• nickej after online sorbent 95. A. Khan, A. Rusheed and S. Ah• chistan", Pakistan J. Environ. pre;concentration by Fl- med, 'Liquid-liquid phase distri• Radio. 48 (2000) 203, FAAS using dimethylglyoxime as bution of arsenic and its applica• 74. M. Tufail, et al., "closed-can" a complexing agent", Microchem. tion to water samples". The Nu• technique for measuring radon J. 63 (1999) 365. cleus 36 (1999) 171. exhalation from mine samples 85. All, et aL, Copper determination 96. R. Ahmed, S.A. Qureshl and M. of Punjab", Pakistan J. Envirdn. after F[ on-line sorbent precon- Hussain, "Determination of cya• Radio. 50 (2000) 267. centration using 1-nrtrcso-2- nide in drinking and waste water 75. M A Baig, el al., "Molecular dis• tiapnthol as a complexing re• by voltammetry", The Nucleus 36 sociative sequential excitation agent Freseniu", J. Anaty. Chem. (1999)181. and ionization of stroncium va- 365 (1999)642. 97. V. Nfea; R. Ahmed and M. por\Eur, Phys. J.D. 6 (1999) 86. J.H. Zaidi, et al., 'Determination Mohammad, "Wet digestion of 201. of natural radioactivity in building milk samples forthe 76. Raheel Ali, et al., 'Two color materials used in the Rawalpindi/ 98. determination of heavy and toxic three photon excitation of the Islamabad area by gamma ray metals by voltammetry", The Nu• 1,3 1 3 6snf F3 and 6snp P1t Pl2 spectrometry and instrumental cleus 36 (1999) 197. Rydberg levels of Yetter- neutron activation analysis", 99. R. Tanwir, SA. Qureshi and R. Ah• bium", J. Phys. B 32 (1Q99) Appt. Rai Isotope 51 (1999) med, "Analysis of toxic metals in 953 559. cataract extraction from human 77. Raheel Ali, et al., "Three color 87. K. Masumoto, etal., "Photon ac• eyes",The Nucleus 36 (1999) 221. four photon excitation of the tivation analysis of iodine, thal• 10O.M. Khan, et aL, "StabHy constants resonant excitation of the even lium and uranium irtenvironmen- of thiocyanate complexes of cobalt parity autoionl2tng resonances tal materials", J. Radioanaly. (II), nickelOD and copper(li) in metha• in Ybl", J. Phys. B 32 (1999) Nuci Chem. 239 (1999) 495. nol", Inorga. Biochem. 75(1999) 79. 4361. 88. S. Ahmad:, M. Daud, and N. 101.M. Khalid, A. Mushtaq and MX 76. A- Nadeejm, et al., "Two-step Kbatid, "Adsorption studies of Iqbal, "Separation of ]2SSb from Laser Excitation of the Even radioactive silver using mineral neutron irradiated tin using silica Parity Rydberg Levels of Tin", mixture", Radioohem. Acta. 87 gel", Radiochem. Acta. 84 (1999) J, Phys. B 32 (1999) 5669. (1999) 167. 213. 53 102.M.M. Ishfaq, A. Mushtaq and M. 112.Mushtaq, et al., "Freeze dried kit 126.M.A.Matik, X.Z.Jtang, "The CC2 Javaid, "Experience on the neu- for ""TcfV) dimercapiosucciniG reforming of natural gas in a ' tron activation of natural/ acid", J. Radioanaly. Nucl. pulsed corona discharge reac- enriched Re, Sm, and Ho nu• Cfrem. 243 (2000) 827. tdr". Plasma Chem. & Plasma clides in a reactor for the produc• 113.J.H. Zaidi, et al, et al., Process. 19(4) (1999) 505. tion of radio therapeutic radionu• "Determination of trace impurities T27.T. Kauser, et al.. The synthesis clides", Bio. Trace. Etera. Res. in iron-based alloy using neutron and structural characterization 71-2(1999) 519. activation analysis", Rgdtochem. of aramid-polydimethytsitoxane 103.M.M. Saeed, &.M. Basany and Acta. 88, (2000) 233. block copolymers", M. G. Met. M. Ahmed, "Adsorption and ther• 114. N. Khalid, et al.. "Potential of rice Chem. 23(7) (2000)351. modynamic characteristics of Hg husks for antimony removal", 128 M. M. Ashfaf. M. Ahmed and M. (MJ-S.CN complex onto potyure- Appl. Rad. Isotope. 52 (2000) 31. I Sajjad, "Modulation Transfer thane foam", Tafanta 50 (1999) 115.E. Rehman, "Water level control• Function for Radiographic Imag• ©25. ler", Electro. World. (1999) 345. ing SystenV, The Nucleus 36 104.Ahm^d, et a!., "Normal Wood Mg 116.E. Rehman, "Lead-acid battery (1999) 39_ levels in volunteers of Rawal• charger", Electro. World. (1999) 129,R M. Qureshi, et al., "Pollution pindi by flame atomic absorption 830. Aspects of Drinking Water spectrophotometry", J. PAF 117.E. Rehman, "Efficient battery Sources in Rawalpindi city (a Med 49(1999) 112 auto charger", Electro, World. preliminary investigation)", J t05.J,H. ZaTdi, et^l, "Radiochemical (2000) 381. Analy. Envir. Chem. 4 (1999) 06. neutron activation analysts of 118.M. Ahmed, E. Rehman , "Critical 130.R. M. Qureshi, et. al., tvajuatidn trace impurities in High purity alu• parameters of silica supported of Pollution Trends in Leh Stream minum", J. Radioanaly. Nuel. ion exchange resins: The effect and Related impacts on Quality of Chem. 241 (1999) 123. of pore size of silica on the sur• Shallow Groundwater in Rawal• 106.J.H. Zaidi, et al., "Measurement face area of the composite", M. pindi", J. Analy. Envir. Chem. 4 of fission neutron spectrum aver• G. Met. Chem. 23(4) (2000) 265. (1999)61.

aged cross section of some ther- 119.S. Ahmed, et al., "Determination of 131 R. M Qureshi, et al.r "Exhaust shold reactions on ruthenium; boron isotopic composition in Emission Quality of commercially Smalt scale production of ^Tc in natural samples by thermal ioni• available Regular and Supreme a nuclear reactor", Radiochem. zation mass spectrometry", J Petrol in Rawalpindi and Islama• Acta 85 (1999)9. Radioanaly. Nucl. Chem 243(3) bad", J. Analy. Environ. Chem. 4 1Q7J.H Zaidi, S. Warteed, and S. (2000) 723. (1999) 48. Ahmad. "Determination of trace 120GB. Shah, S.A.R Zaidi, ST. 132.M. A. Tasneem, etaf., "Impact of impurities in nickel-based alloy Hasan, "Synthesis and charac• agricultural gnd industrial activi• using neutron activation analy• terization of silicon arrtirnonate ties on groundwater quality in sis1' J. Radioanaly.. Nucl. Chem. composites for the removal of Kasur area", The Nucleus 36 242 (1999) 259. alkali tnetat ions from solutions", (1999) 1 108.S.M. Hasany, M.M. Saeed M. G. Met. Chem. 22(10) (1999) 133.IV1. A. Tasneem, et al, "Mass and M.Ahmed, "Adsorption 611. spectrometric determination of isotherms and thermodynamic 121.S.T.Hssan, M. A Awan, "Review N contents of rtrtrates in polluted profile of Co(lt)-SCN complex- paper entitled Trace metals in and non-polluted softs at Kasur uptake on ppiyurethane biological materials and their cor• site", The Nucleus 36 (1999) 3. foam", Sep. Sci. Tech. 35 relation with human health and 134 M. A. Tasneem. et al., The use (2000) 379. disease", J.Pak. Med. Asso. 27 of stable oxygen isotopes of dis• 109 M. Khalid, A. MusMaq and M. (1) (2000) 19. solved oxygen as an innovative Z, Iqbal, "Separation of 111Ag 122.Dyer, T Shaheen and MZamin, too) for water quality parame• from neutron irradiated natu• "Advances in ion-exchange for ter estimation", The Nucleus 36 ral palladium using alumina industry and research, Eds. P.A. (1999) 3. as an adsorbent*, Appl. Ra• William and A.Dyer*, Roy. Soc. 1-35.2. Latif, et al„ "Carbon Iso• dial. Isotope. 52 (2000) 19. Chem. (1999)299. tope ratios as pollution tracer 110.J.H, Zaidi, et ai., "Trace ele• 123.M.A.Malik, SAMalik. "Pulsed in groundwater at Kasur", J. ment evaluation of different corona discharges and their applica• Anal. Envl Chem. 4 (1999) varieties of chewing gum by tion in ioxfc VOCs abatement", Chi• 1. radiochemical neutron activa• nese J. Chem. Engg. 7(4) (1999) 136.K.A. Abbas, §t al., "Fat Ab• tion analysis", J. Radioanaiy. 351 sorption in Persistent Diar• Nuct. Cftem. 243 (2000) 683. 124.MAMaKk, "AppScabon of ceto plasma rhea Using 13c Labeled 111.Y. Miyamoto, et al., "Minor techniques for toxic VQCs obstruction", Trioctanoin Breath Test", J. and trace element determina• The Nucteu&36(1-2) (1999) 69. Trop. Ped. 45 (1999) 87. tion of food spiced and pulses 125.MAMaiik, SArVfc*. "Catalyst enhanced 137.lhsanullah, et at.. "Methpd for of different origins, by NAA GMdafion of VQCs and metiane in cold- the determination of 1311 in and PAA", J. Radioanaly ptasma reactors* Plat Met Rev. 43(3) urine", J. Radtoanaly. Nucl Nucl. Chem. 244 (2000) 1. (1999) 109. Chem 240 (1) (1999) 293. 54 138.W. Arshad, el al., "Occupational Methods", Journal of computa- • ment of Research Reactors from Radiation Doses Received by tional and applied Mathematics September 6-10, 1999 at Les- the Radiologists and Papa- 116(1999) 105-120, bon, Portugal. Medical Staff in Pakistan", Pak. 150.M. Javed Hyder, L. F. Coffin, 159.J.H. Zaidi, '"Corrections for inter• J. Radio. 10it999) 23. and David A. Woodford, "A Novel fering nuclearreactions an d over 139.Amanat Ali, et al., "Potential Ra• theoretical model of stress elec- lapping gamma peaks in neutron diation Doses likely to be tncal potential hysteresis loop activation ana lysis", Regional received by the Radiologist during fatigue", Materials Sci• Workshop on NAA and XRF and Paramedical Staff in a ence and Technology, UK, Nov. techniques applied for multiele• typical Hospital in Pakistan 1999, Vol 15 1335-1337. ment analysis of airborne par• (G, M. Counter Surveymeter 151.Rubina Khan, Nasir M. Mirza ticulate mater under joint UNDP/ Measurements)", Pak. J. Radio. and Sikandar.M. Mirza, "Ramp RCA/IAEA project, Islamabad, 10.(1*23 (1996)31. Reactivity Insertion limits in a March 27-31, 2000. I^Q-Ati, F. Jan. et al, "Isotopic pool type research reactor", Nu• 160.P. Akhtar; et aL, "Ingestion and Composition of Natural Ura• clear Science Jopnurnal, Vol 36, Organ Content of Trace Ele• nium using Molecular Electro• No. 1,pp27-41,(1999) ments of Importance in Radio• plating and Alpha Spectrometry", 152.Rubina Nasir, Nasir M. Mirza logical Protection", working pa• The Nucleus 36 (1-2) (1999) 63, and Sikander M. Mirza, per presented at 3rd and final 141.S.R. Malkawi and Nasir Ahmad, "Sensitivity of reactivity insertion RCM of Co-ordinated Research "Prediction and Measurement of limits with respect to sfety pa• Programme of IAEA, Datat, Viet• Neutron Energy Spectrum in a rameters in a typical MTRs", An• nam, June 26-30,2000. Material Testing Research Reac• nual of Nuclear Energy, UK, 26, 161.S.M. Hasany, "X-ray fluores• tor", Annals of Nuclear Energy 1517-1537(1999). cence spectrometry in the analy• 27(2000) 311-327 153,Anwar M. Mirza and Shamsul sis of air particulate matter", Re• 142.Rao F. H. Khan, et al., "Neutron Qamar, "Discontinuous finite ele• gional Workshop on NAA and Transmission through Structural ment treatment of duct problems XRF techniques applied for mul• Pipes of PTR'S" Nuclear Science in transport calculations", Nu• tielement analysis of airborne Journal 366(1999) 309-315. clear Science Journal, Vol, 36, particulate mater under joint l43.Qureshi, et al., "Radon Concen• No. 6, pp369-378, Dec. 1999. UNDP/RCA/IAEA project, Is• tration's in Coal Mines of Balu• 154.Anwar M. Mirza, Shamsu) lamabad, March 27-31, 2000. chistan, Pakistan" Journal of En• Qamar and Farrukh Haider, 162.S.Ahmad,J,Neutronactivation vironmental Radioactivity 48 "Discontinuous finite element analysis for air particulate mat- (2000) 203-209 based composite solution for ter",lbid. 144,MarJullah, "Gamma Dosimetry neutron transport problems a two 163.S.Ahmad/Neutron activation with CR-39 Ben Track Detectors", dimensional rectangular ge- technique: Errors ideritifjcatron JapaneseJ. of Applied Physics 38 ornety", Nuclear Science Journal, and uncertainties", Ibid. (1999)371-762. Vol. 36, No.4, pp 237-252. 164.M. J. Akmar and R Shdheen. 14S.Aslam, et a!., "Effect of Fuel Load• 155.M. Javed Hyder, "Pressure En• "Structural studies of high~Tc ing on Criticality of LEU Fueled ergy and definition of Enthalpy", superconducting ceramic ox• Material Testing Reactors''. Nu• Scieiice Technology and Devel• ides by employing X-ray ab• clear Sciences J. 36(1999)159- opment, Vol 18, No2* 1999, 47- sorption techniques", 6th Inter• 168. 49 national Symposium on Ad• 146.R, Malkawi and Nasir Ahmad, 156Jrshad Ahmad and M. Javed Hy• vanced Materials, 19-23 Sep• "Prediction and Measurement of der, "Solar Based water Treat- tember 1999, Islamabad, Paki• neutron Energy Spectrum in a merit Technologies", Science Vi• stan, Material Test Research Reactor", sion, Jan-Mar. 2000,15019. 165.R. Shaheen and M. J. Akhtar, Annals of Nuclear Energy 27 "Synthesis and characterization

(1999)311-327. Conference of Bi13Pb0 7^VxSr2Ca2CU3-xOz high-T superconducting ceramic 147.Aslam, "Criticality Studies of A Presentations c Natural Uranium Fueled, Light oxides", Ibid. Water Cooled, Heavy Water 157.N. Khalid, S. Ahmad and A. 166.M. Nadeem and M J. Akhtar, Moderated Nuclear Reactor Part- Rahman, "Industrial applications "Static computer simulation stud• II: Effect of Moderated Proper• of agro-wastes: An overview", ies of some binary and ternary ties", Sci. Int. 11(1999) 213- IAEA/RCA National Executive oxides'Jbid. 233. Management Seminar (NEMS) 167.M. Siddique, et al., "Study of 148.A Usman and G. Hall. "Modified on processing of agro-waste by magnetic properties in Ni-Mn fer- order and stepsize strategies in using radiation tectinology, Is• rites by Mossbauer Spectros• Adams codes'', Journal of Com• lamabad, January 17-22,2000. copy", Ibid. putational and Applied Mathe• 15S.J.Bashir, et ai., "Managament 1 es.J.LAkhter and ZH. Jin, "Supercoolng matics, 111(1^99) 113-122. and Utilization of Research Re• tn Confined PbHms*,Kirl 149.A. Usman and G. Hall, actors in Pakistan", IAEA work• 169.MAhmad, et aL, *Maostrctural "Alternative Stepsize Strategies shop on Utilization and Manage• study of electron beam welded joint for Adams Predictor-corrector of zircatoy-4 and stainless steel", Ibid. 55 170.SA. Mujahid and H.K.D.R 181.V. Nisa, R. Ahmed and M. 195.S.M. Hasany and M. Ahmed, Bhadshia, Theoretical Analysis Mohammad, "Effects of ad• "Extraction of europium from of The Composition of ai Rates sorbents and complexing aqueous solutions w8ti morin Precipitated from b£ Cu-40.5Zn agents on voltammetric analy• loaded polyurethane foam", XVth wt%\lbkt sis', (bid. InternationaJ Symposium on 171.M. Akram, et al., "Determination 182.R. Ahmed, SA Qureshi and physico-chemical methods of of Boron in Metal with Solid State M, Hussain, "Determination of mixtures separatipn",Borowno, Nuclear Track Detection Tech- sulphide, sulphite and thiosul- Poland, June 14-18,2000. niqueMbid. phate in drinking and waste 196.N. Hussain, et at, "High Tem• 172.S.& Butt, "A potentiometric am• water by voltammetry" Jbid. perature Oxidation Studies of monia gas sensor based on a 183.S.M. Hasany and M. Ahmed, Alurninrzed and Un-coated In• modified polymer membrane "Uptake of Zn (ll)-SCN com• conel 625", 14th International transducer of low impedance for plex onto polyurethane foam Corrosion Congress, South Af• the determination of ammonia in from acidic solutions", Ibid. rica* 26th Sep. to 1 October blood', Grit National Symposium 184.N. Khalid, M. Daud and S. 1999. on Analytical and Environmental Ahmad, 'Removal of silver from 197 AH. Qureshi, et at, "Stress Cor• Chemistry, University of Sindh, aqueous solution using mineral rosion Cracking (SCC) Behav• Jamshoro, January 24-25, 2000. mixture", Ibid. iour of A516 G-70 Steel in High 173.3.M. Hasany,"Separation/ 185.S.B. Butt and M.F. Khan, "A pH- Temperature Water", 14th Inter• preconcentration techniques in sensifive polymer membrane national Corrosion Congress, environmental analysis (Plenary electrode based on neutral car• South Africa, 26th Sep. to 1 Oc• Jecture)\lbid. rier tri-n-dctylarriine",lbkt tober 1999. 174.S.M. Hasany and M. Ahmed, 186.SA.Ghauri, et at, "MagneKc 198.Naseem Irfan, "Post-combustion "Accumulation of Kg (II) ions field effect on the viscosity of wa• control of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) onto morin loaded polyurethane ter at different temperature", Ibid. emanating from Power Plants*, foam from aqueous solutions', 187.J, Akhtar; S.K. Durrani and NA Seminar of Environmental Pro• Ibid. Chughtai, "Preparation and Sin• tection organized by NFC Insti• 175J. Akhtar, S.K. Durrani and NA tering Studies of Yttria Doped tute of Engineering and Techno• Chughtai, "Studies on Y2O3 - Zirconia Powder*, Ibid. logical Training, P.O. Fertilizer

Doped Zr03 Thin Films on Mild 188vS.K. Durrani, J. Akhtar and NA Project Khanewal Road, Multan, Steel by Dip Coating using Sol- Chughtai, "Physico-chemical June 12,1999. Gel Process", 6th IrrtemaUqnal Studies of Silicoalumjnophos- 199.Naseem Irfan, "Environmental Symposium on Advanced Materi• phate Microporous Materials", Modelling and Pollution als, Islamabad on Sept. 19-23, Ibid. (Computational Modelling for 1999. 189.Z.S. Chaydhry, et al., "Risk As• Noxious Gas Emission Control" 176.S.K. Durrani, J. Akhtar and N.A. sessment from Natural Radionu• Workshop on Computational Chugrrtai, "Hydroffterrnal Synthe• clides in Soil Samples of Eastern Physics, held at Department of sis of Silica Rich Zeolites and Salt Range, Pakfetan'Jbid. Physics, Quaid-t-Azam Univer• Microporous Materials" ,ibid. 190.Z. S. Chaudhry, et at, "Activity sity, Islambad,, September 20-24, 177.N. HussaH et al, "Microstructural of Fission Product (Cs-137) in 1999. Changes During Oxidation of Soil Samples of Eastern Salt 20Q.M. Javed Hyder, "Electrical Aluminized Inconel 625", Ibid. Range of Pakistan", Ibid, Potential Method; tool for the 178.S.M. Hasany, M.M. Saeed and 191.K Khan, "Gamma Spectroscopic study of Mechanical Behav• M. Ahmed, "Separation of ra• Study of some Grass and Water iour of materials", proceed• dionuclides using polyurethane Samples of N.W.F.P. forRadioactiv e ings of 1st National Confer• foam and its applications in ana• Contamination" Ibid. ence on Engineering profes• lytical and radiochemistry", 8th 192.K. Khan, H. M- Khan, TKstribution of sion, Jamshoro, March 2000, International conference on Radionuclides in Soil Samples in 5-6. separation of ionic solutes (SfSJ Different Cities of N.WF.P/'.lbid. 201.Mohammad Sohaib "Single 99), Stara tesna, High Tatras, 193.K Khan, et aL "RarJochemical De• Vial ""Tc-EC Kit, A Rengl Tu• Slovakia, Sep. 11-16,1999. termination of ^and ^Sr in vege• bular Agent", 5th International 179.S.Malik and R, Ahmed, tation Samples of N.W.F.P:", 5*1 Na• Radiological Conference, No• "Determination of aluminum in tional Conference on Analytical vember 1-3, 1999, Peshawar, water samples by adsorptive Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jam• P9 hist 3 n stripping voltammetry", 10th Na• shoro, Jan 14-18,2000, 202.Hamid Naser, "1-131 MIBG tional chemistry conference, Is• 194.J.I. Akhter, et al., "Superheating Scanning Alone is Superior to lamabad, Oct. 28-30, 1999. and supercooling in lead con• Other Imaging Modalities in 180.S Malik, R- Ahmed and M. fined films", 5th IUMRS Interna• Neural Crest Tumours, 5th In• Hussain, "Chemical analysis tional Conf. on Advanced Materi• ternational Radiological Con• of mountain water samples", als, Bejjing, China, June 13-18, ference", November 1-3, Ibid. 1999. 1999, Peshawar, Pakistan.

56 204.Nasir M. Mirza, "Grahpics & 217.S.B. Butt, "An introduction to Cartwnatite Rocks of Loe-Shilman, Visualisation Techniques", high-pressure liqtiid chroma- NWFP Pakistan)", PINSTECH/ Workshop on Computational togratigy with its applies- NRCMiOCP-24(1999). physics at Physics Depart• tions\ibid., pp 115-120 229.N. K. Qazi, et al.. The Role of TBP ment, QAU, Islamabad, (Published in June 2000). Solvent in the Recovery of Rare Sept. 20-24 (1999). 218.R. Ahmed, "Water purifica• Earths from the Carbonates of Loe- 205.Sikandar M. Mirza, tion and treatment",ibid., pp Shilman, NWFP (Pakistan)", "Application of Genetic Algo• 121-133 (Published in June PINSTECH/NMD-MDCP-25 rithms in Physics", Jbid. 2O00. (1999). 219.R. Tanwir, "Potentiometry for 230.M. A. Tasneem, A., Latif and Conferertce water analysis'.ibid., pp 134-140 A.A. Qureshi, "Geological Re• Proceedings (Published rn June 2000). sistivity Report on Pakistan 220.S.J. Khurshid, "Bacterial con• Scouts Cadet College Batrasi, 2G6.J. Bashir et a1., "Upgradation of taminations, disinfection and Mansehra", PINSTECH (1999), the triple-axis neutron spec• testing techniques of drinking 2\31.M. Jehangir and A. Mustaq, trometer TKSN-4000 installed at water,ibid., pp 141-146 "Safety assesment of dry distil• PARR-1", 6th Intl. Symposium on (Published in June 2000). lation facility for the production Advanced Materials, Sep. 19-23, 221 ,S. Bibi, "Leakage of potable wa• of 1-131*. PINSTECH NCD-120 1999. ter from underground pipes and (2000), 207, J. Bashir, et al, "Management its quality control", ibid., pp 147- 232.A. Rehman, et at, "Standard and utrHzation of research reac• 155 (Published in June 2000), operation procedure for neu• tors in Pakistan", Internationa I 222.S.M Hasany, "Synthetic inor• tron activation analysis"^ PIN- Conference on management and ganic ion-exchangers: efficient STECH/NCD Rev.1 (2000), utilization of research reactors scavengers for toxic pollutants in 233.R. Ahmed, "Water Chemistry and waste management,Lisbon, water", National Workshop on and Quality Control", PIN- Portugal, paper no. IAEA-SM- quality of drinking water, Islama• STECH/NC D/L-/21 (2000). 360/Q38P, 1999. bad, 1999, pp 40-42. 234.WI. M. Ashraf and P. Wells, 20S.R. Ahmed, "Water chemistryTrg. 223.R. Ahmed, "Water chemistry, "Computerized Industrial Tomo• Workshop on Water Chemistry quality control by electrochemical graphy", PfNSTECH-161 and Quality Control", Islamabad, methods", ibid., pp 43'46. (1999) Feb, 16-20.1997, pp 1-15. 224.P. Akhtar, M. Hussain. and M.A. 235.Jahan Zeb, Amanat All, S. D. 209.J. H. Zaidi, "Activation processes Atta, "Measurement of sub• Orfi, "Development of Com• and deposits in nuclear reactor surface migration of radtoaetivity- puter Software, "Shjetder" for cooling systems", ibid., pp 38-49, borehdte monitoring', Abstract Estimating Gamma Radiation (Published in Juris 2000). No PAK19980001 published in Shielding with Lead", PtN- IAEA's Waste Management Re• STECH/HPD -233 (2000). 210.R. Ahmed, "Wafer chemistry of search Abstracts (WMRA), primary and secondary loops of 236.A R Tabasuum. "3D Surface voi.23/24 received in Feb 2000 nuclear reactor", ibid., pp 50-64, Modelling Tutorial for Auto CAD from IAEA (Pubished in June 2000). Course", CNS-498. (2000) 211 Khan, "Uv visible, spectropho• 225.I.H. Bokhari, M. israr and S. 237.A R Tabassum, "3D Solid Mod• tometry and its role in water Pervez, "Thermal Hydraufrc and elling Tutorial for Auto CAD Safety Analysis for Pakistan Re• course", CNS-499, (2000) analysis'.ibid., pp 65-67, rd (Published in June 2000). search Reactor-1", 22 Interna• 238,Nasir Ahmad; Radiation Phys- tional Meeting on Reduced En• 212.S.M. Hasany, "X-ray fluores• ics-l, A textbook for M. Sc. richment for Research and Test cence spectrometry and its appli• (Physics) Students, Published Reactors (RERTR), 3^ October, cations in water analysis", ibid., by Allama Iqbal Open Univer• 1999, Budapest, Hungary. pp 68-78. (Published in June sity, Islamabad. Pakistan - 2000). 1999. 213.W, Yawar, "Atomic absorption Reports 239.WI. Jaudet, A Usman and spectrometry",ibid., pp 79-83, Shams-ul-Qamar, "User's (Published in June 2000). 226.K. Mehmood, et at, "Study of Guide to PIEAS Computer Cen• tre, May 2000. 214.R. Ahmed, "Sampling, sample Migration of Radionuclides from preparation and analysis of wa- the Radioa cove Waste, Disposal 240.M. Jaudet, A Usrhan and ter",ibid., pp 84-102, (Published Pit of PtNSTECH", PINSTECH/ Shams-ul-Qamar, "User's in June 2000). RPD-MGG-1 (2000). Guide to PIEAS Library Man• ager, May 2000. 215,V. Ntsa, "Ion selective electrodes 227.K. Mehmood, et al.,"Hydro- and their applications in water Geological Studies at PIN• 241 ,M. Jaudet, A Usman and analysis*, ibid., pp 103-106, STECH Quadrangle", PIN- Shams-ul-Qamar, "Operator's (Published in June 20Q0). STECH-165 (2000). Guide to PIEAS Computer Cen• tre, April 2000. 216,V. Nisa, Tomographic and volt- 228.N. K. Oazi, et al., The Influence of ammetric methods for the, analy• Nitrate ion Conceritration in Extrac• 242.M. Javed Hyder, Thesis Writ• sis of water", ibid., pp 107-114 tion of Rare Earth Elements from ing", Report PIEAS-1. 2000. 57 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 253.Altaf, N.t et al., (2000), "Effect of 264.Aslam, M. and D.M.Ste!ly (1999), gamma radiationo n Nuceiiar em- 'Irradiated cross pollen and non- bryogenesis of various Citrus cul- irradiated self-pollen to overcome Book published tivars", Pak. J. Biol. Sci 3: (50): interspecific incompatibility in the 887 - 889. genus Gossyprum", Pak. J PI 243.Naqvi, 5.S.M., KA. Siddiqui, JA. 254.Artaf, N., et a!., (2000), "Effect of Sci. 5:11-18. Faza'l Ali, S.G. 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Plant Nutri• Popular Articles Nov. 8-10,1999. tion Management for Sustainable Agricultural Growth, NDFC, Is• 346.lqbal. M., et al., (1999), "Growth 363Alam, S.M (1999). Oilseed lamabad, pp. 267-273. parameters of a young plumor- Crops arid Production. Pakistan. chard as influenced by timing of 354.Murtaza, M. A., Akhtar, M., and M. And Gulf Economist January 11- nitrogen application", Proc. Sym- A Bhatti (1999), ^Phystco chemi• 17.vol.28(2):19 cal factors affecting resistance in pos. Integrated Plant Nutrient 364.Alam, S.M and MAKftan. cotton against whitefly, B. (abac/ Management NFDC, Islamabad, (1999). Major agricultural prob• (Genn.) m Punjab, Pakistan", Daily No.v.8-10,1999. lems. In: Targeting Agriculture Dawn Vol. Ull No. 1723, Lahore, 347Jqbal, M., et al„ (2000), "Effect for Economic growth. Pakistan. June 26.1999. of tillage and nutrient manage• And Gulf Economist March 1-7, ment on yield and fertilizer utili• 3S5.Murtaza. MA (2000), "Plant resis• Vol. XVHI, No. 9. 1999. PP 13- zation by wheat and lentil in rain- tance against cotton whitefly". 14. fed dry areas", Paper presented Daily the Nation, review, New 365.Aram, S.M (1999). Importance of at 2- IAEA Research Coordina• Frontiers, page-9, Lahore June 18, fertjlzer In: Targeting Agriculture for tion Meeting held in Tunis', 2000. Economic Growth. Pak Pakistan. March 6-10, 2000. 356.Nadeern, S. and Ahmad, M.S. And Gulf Economist. March 1-7, Vol (199J9), "Amino acid fermenta• 348Ashraf, M., B. Fatima and N. XVIH, NO. 9,1999. PP. 14-15. tion: a recent perspective", Ahmad, (2000), "Use of Nuclear 366Alam, S.M and R.Ansari and Pak. Acad. Sci. 36 (2): 193 - Techniques for Coloniza• MA.Khan (1999). Pesticides 206. tion and Production of Egg and and their effects. In: Targeting Larval Parasitoids of Sugarcane 357.Rasftdid, A., (1999), "Zincdefi• Agriculture for Economic Borers". Proc Ist.FACVtAEA ciency in transplanted flooded Growth. Pakistan. And Gulf Res. Coord. Mtg. on "Evaluating riGe tn Pakistan: Economical and Economist. March 1-7, Vol. the Use of Nuclear Techniques feasible management technolo• XVHI, NO. 9,1959.'PP. 15-16. gies', IRRI, Newsletter, 24: 32-33. 61 367Alam, SM. and MAKhan. (1999). 380.Alam, S.M and RAnsan and M. 394. Alam, S. M., RAnsari and MAKhah Sugarcane available cash crop. In A.Khan (1999). The neem tree (2000). Outkx>kAgiicuBufe in 2000. Targeting Agriculture far Economic and its importance. Pak. Food Pakistan and Gulf Economist V0I.XIX. Growth. Pakistan. And Gutf Econo• ^Agriculture Review. May & No. 19 and 20 May 8-21 Page.3335. mist. March 1-7, Vol. XVIII, No 9, June. Vol IV, No.(4/5): Page 15. 395.Alam, S. M., RAnsari and MA PP. 16. 381 Alam, S.M, R.Ansari and MA. Khan (2000). Saline Agnculture.. 368.Alam, S.M, R Ansari and M.A Khan. (1999). Role of fertilizer in Pakistan and Gulf Economist Khan (1999). Cotton crop in crop improvement. Pakistan. VoLXIX. No. 19 and 20 May 8-21 Pakistan. Pakistan. And Gulf Gulfand Economist. Sept. 1-6. Page.36 Economist, March 22-28, vol. Vol. XVIII, PP.21. 396Alam, S. M., RAnsari. (2000). XVIII, PP 20. 382.Alam, SM and R. Ansari.(1999). Pawdoon, ki nashoonoma 369Alam, S.M. (1999). Safine agri• Agriculture in Pakistan and In• keleaee ahaam aza kubra culture for increase in food pro• dian Punjab. In: Industry and (Urdu). Pak.Food and Agnc Re• ductivity. In: Industry and Econ- Economy Pakistan. Gulf and view. Vo. I and 3. Page . I omy.Pakistan. And Gutf Econo• EconomistAugust 30- Septem• 397 Alam, S. M.. (2000). Irrigation Scenario mist. Vol. XVHI. No. 21, May 24- bers, Page 20-21. in Pakistan Pakistan and Gulf Econo• 30. PP 25. 383Alam, S.M, (1999). Pesticides mist VoJ.XlX.No.24. June 12-18. 370Alam, SM and RAnsari, (1999). and their effeas on crop'ecol- Page29l. Food production in Pakistan. In: Indus• ogy. Pakistan and Gulf 398.Alam, S.M. and R Ansari. (2000) Agri• try and Economy (Agriculture). Paki• Economist, October 11 - 17. culture land scenario of Sttdh. Paki• stan. And Gulf Economist Vol. Xvlll Page 29. stan and Gulf EconomistVoDOX No. 19, May 10-16. PP. 19-20. 384.Aiam, S.M, (1999) Pakistan can earn No.25.June 19-25.Page3Z 371.Alam, S.M. and R.Ansari (1999) huge forex through fishing. Pak&an 399. Alam, SM, MAKhan and R. Ansari. Food for future and agricultural and Gutf Economist, October 18 - 24. (2000). Water crisis in Pakistan agricul• environment In: Industry and Page21. ture. Pakistan and Gulf Economist Economy. Pakistan. And Gulf 385.Aiam, SM and RAnsari, (2000). Soil Vol. XIX No. 27. Jury 3-9 Page 29. Economist. Vol. XVHI, No. 19, pH and its impact on growth of plants. 400.Alam, SM (2000). Agriculturalffiels i n May 10-16, PP.20. Food Age Dec Jan. 2000.Vol(1/2):33- crop productivity Pakistan and Guff 372Alam, S.M. (1999). Efforts on to 34. Economist Vol XIX No29. July 17- achieve wheat autarky. Pakistan 386.A!am, S M. (2000). Foiestry,s Impor• 23. Page 29 And Gulf Economist June 7-13 tance in National Economy Pakistan 401 Alam. S.M. and RAnsarL2000. Ge• Vol. XVIII. No.23 PP.24. and Gulf Economist. Jan-3-16. netic Engineering Technology. Paki• 373.Atam, S.M. and M.A.Khan. Page.24 stan and Guff. EconomistVotJKIX. July (1999). Food production and 387. Alam, S, M (2000). Lad as a factor of 24-30.page4648. population growth. Pakistan. And Crop Productivity. Pakistan and Gulf 402 Alam, S.M, (2000). Importance Gulf Economist. June 21-27. Vol and Economist.VotXTX. No. 3. Jan 17- of Soil Orga I nic matter. Foo- XVIII. No. 25. PP-23. 23.Page. 18-19. dAge. Vol. 1:12. 374 Alam, S.M. and MA.Khan. 388.AJam„ S. M, (2000). Crop Prcduqrvity 4D3.Alam, S M and RAnsari, (2000) (1999). Reclamation of satt- in the Muslim Countries. Pakistan and Citrus fi-uits and Pakistan. Foo- affected soils of Pakistan. Paki• Guff Economist. VoLXfX. No. 3. Janl 7- dAge.Vol.i 11-12. stan And Gutf Economist. June 23.Page. 19 404Alam S.M and RAnsari, (2000) 21-27. Vol XVIII, No. 25. PP. 23 389AJam, S M. (2000). The Factors of Date Palm - A valuable fruit 375.Alam, S.M. and R.Ansari Low Yield. Pakistan and- Gutf Econo• plant. FoodAge (In Press). (1999). Prospects of oil palm cul• mist VolXtX. No. 6February 7-13 405A!am, SM. RAnsari and MA tivation. Pakistan And Gulf Page. 12 Khan. (2000) Rice cultivation in Economist. June 28-4 July. Vol 390Alam, S M. (2000) Agricultural Pakistan.FoodAge.(FebMarch) XVIII No. 26. PP , 27.,,' Technology and Pakistan. Paki• Vol. 1: 3-4. 376Alam, SM and RAnsari. (1999). stan and Gutf Economist Vol. 406Alarn, SM. (2000). Pakistan ki Salt problems in irrigated soils, XIX. No 13. March- April 2 mayiashat me gane ka ahaam Pakistan. And Gulf EconomistJuly Page.28 kirdar (Urdu). FoodAge. Vol. I. 5-11. Vol XVllt.No.27. PP.21. 391A!am, S M. (2000). Steps to• Page.2. 377.Alam, S.M. (1999). Water scarcity wards getting agriculture moving. A major threat to agriculture. Paki• Pakistan and Gulf Economist. 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