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Philosophical Debates at Paris in the Early Fourteenth Century Studien Und Texte Zur Geistesgeschichte Des Mittelalters

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Philosophical Debates at Paris in the Early Fourteenth Century Studien Und Texte Zur Geistesgeschichte Des Mittelalters Philosophical Debates at Paris in the Early Fourteenth Century Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters Begründet von Josef Koch Weitergeführt von Paul Wilpert, Albert Zimmermann und Jan A. Aertsen Herausgegeben von Andreas Speer In Zusammenarbeit mit Tzotcho Boiadjiev, Kent Emery, Jr. und Wouter Goris BAND 102 Philosophical Debates at Paris in the Early Fourteenth Century Edited by Stephen F. Brown, Th omas Dewender and Th eo Kobusch LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Philosophical debates at Paris in the early fourteenth century / edited by Stephen F. Brown, Th omas Dewender & Th eo Kobusch. p. cm. — (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters, ISSN 0169-8028 ; v. 102) Papers originally delivered at conferences in Bonn and Boston. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-90-04-17566-2 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Paris (France)—Intellectual life— Congresses. 2. Paris (France)—Intellectual life—Sources—Congresses. 3. Université de Paris—History—Congresses. 4. Philosophy, Medieval—Congresses. 5. Th eology—History—To 1500—Congresses. I. Brown, Stephen F. II. Dewender, Th omas. III. Kobusch, Th eo. IV. Title. V. Series. DC725.P48 2009 189—dc22 2009007301 ISSN 0169-8028 ISBN 978 90 04 17566 2 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Th e Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to Th e Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Introduction ........................................................................................ ix Stephen F. Brown – Th eo Kobusch HISTORICAL CONTEXT Auriol’s Rubrics: Citations of University Th eologians in Peter Auriol’s Scriptum in Primum Librum Sententiarum .... 3 Chris Schabel Godfrey of Fontaines and the Succession Th eory of Forms at Paris in the Early Fourteenth Century ...................................... 39 Stephen D. Dumont Ascoli, Wylton, and Alnwick on Scotus’s Formal Distinction: Taxonomy, Refi nement, and Interaction .................................. 127 Timothy B. Noone Th e Unpleasantness with the Agent Intellect in Meister Eckhart .............................................................................. 151 Wouter Goris BEATIFIC VISION Durandus of St.-Pourçain and Peter Auriol on the Act of Beatifi c Enjoyment ........................................................................ 163 Severin Valentinov Kitanov Parisian Discussions of the Beatifi c Vision aft er the Council of Vienne: Th omas Wylton, Sibert of Beka, Peter Auriol, and Raymundus Bequini .............................................................. 179 Lauge Olaf Nielsen vi contents INTENTIONS Intentions in the First Quarter of the Fourteenth Century: Hervaeus Natalis versus Radulphus Brito ................................. 213 Judith Dijs Primae et Secundae Intentiones. Einige Grundzüge der Intentionalitätslehre des Hervaeus Natalis ............................... 225 Georg Koridze Realism and Intentionality: Hervaeus Natalis, Peter Aureoli, and William Ockham in Discussion .......................................... 239 Fabrizio Amerini Hervaeus Natalis on Intentionality: Its Direction and some Aft ermath ........................................................................................ 261 John P. Doyle REALITIES AND RELATIONS Der ontologische Status der Relationen nach Durandus von St.-Pourçain, Hervaeus Natalis und Petrus Aureoli ................ 287 Th omas Dewender Th e Christological Th ought of Durandus of St.-Pourçain in the Context of an Emergent Th omism ...................................... 309 Isabel Iribarren Aureol and the Ambiguities of the Distinction of Reason ......... 325 Sven K. Knebel Singularité et Individualité selon Pierre Auriol ............................ 339 Tiziana Suarez-Nani Duns Scotus on the Origin of the Possibles in the Divine Intellect ............................................................................................ 359 Tobias Hoff mann contents vii THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE Scotus at Paris on the Critieria for Scientifi c Knowledge .......... 383 Steven P. Marrone Declarative Th eology aft er Durandus: Its Re-presentation and Defense by Peter Aureoli ............................................................. 401 Stephen F. Brown Intuition, Abstraction and the Possibility of a Science of God: Durandus of St.-Pourçain, Gerard of Bologna and William of Ockham ...................................................................................... 423 David Piché On the Trail of a Philosophical Debate: Durandus of St.-Pourçain vs. Th omas Wylton on Simultaneous Acts in the Intellect ..................................................................................... 433 Russell L. Friedman PROPOSITIONS AND THEIR MEANING Le signifi é propositionnel selon Jean Duns Scot et Gauthier Burley ............................................................................. 465 Laurent Cesalli Walter Burley’s Propositio in re and the Systematization of the Ordo Signifi cationis ....................................................................... 483 Stephan Meier-Oeser Indices Index codicum .................................................................................... 507 Index nominum ................................................................................. 509 Index rerum ........................................................................................ 516 INTRODUCTION Stephen F. Brown – Th eo Kobusch Signifi cant developments took place in the Arts and Th eology faculties of the University of Paris in the second half of the thirteenth century. In 1255, members of the faculty of Arts, aft er decades of debate, were authorized to teach Aristotle’s works. Th e understanding and defense of the Philosopher’s teachings by his commentator, Averroes, on many issues, such as the eternity of the world and the unicity of the human intellect, caused serious confl icts at the university. Th ese debates led to the condemnations in 1270 and 1277 of many theses taught in the Arts faculty. Siger of Brabant and Boethius of Dacia were the main targets of the condemnations. However, Th omas Aquinas’s support for certain philosophical positions was also challenged. Henry of Ghent played a major role among the theologians consulted by the Bishop of Paris, prior to his 1277 condemnation of 219 propositions. Henry represented very strongly the Augustinian tradition that was challenged by those, who like Aquinas, saw positive merits in Aristotle’s philosophy as a stimulus for furthering the Christian understanding of the world. In the theological arena, Aquinas was challenged by some who like himself were more sympathetic toward the Aristotelian philosophy. Godfrey of Fontaines was very supportive of many of Aquinas’s philosophi- cal positions. He criticized, however, Aquinas’s view of theology as a science, since Godfrey claimed that science in the proper sense of the term demands evidence and believers have no compelling evidence when they assent to mysteries of faith, such as the Trinity of persons in God or the Incarnation. Th eology, for him, could not be a science in Aristotle’s strict meaning of ‘science’, and he judged Aquinas, or at least some of his followers, to be making a false claim in speaking of theology as a science. Still, Godfrey admitted that there was never such a divorce between reason and faith that reason could not provide supporting or confi rming arguments for the faith. Th e next century at the University of Paris, on which this volume centers its attention, was marked by less tension. Th ough Averroes still raised some confl ict, his commentaries were respected as strong repre- sentations of Aristotle’s original teachings and he retained respect as the x introduction Philosopher’s commentator. Th eology as a scientifi c discipline generally followed two paths. One of them started with the articles of the Creed and used necessary philosophical arguments to draw conclusions that extended the domain of faith through deduction. Th e other used a wider range of philosophical arguments, including probable ones, that could bring support and confi rmation to the articles of the Creed that were principally accepted on faith. Th e use of philosophy, and particularly of the philosophy of Aristotle, was thus more acceptable. More and more-detailed commentaries on Aristotle’s works appeared. Philo- sophical debates manifested a greater familiarity with diff erent views and interpretations. In the thirteenth century, there was a saying that no one gets gray hair in the Arts faculty: it was a preparatory faculty, and students and teachers quickly moved on to their main fi elds of study: theology, law or medicine. In the fourteenth century, members of the university community, like Walter Burley, made commentaries on Aristotle’s texts in 1301 and diff erent commentaries on these same works in 1335. In this period, in both the Arts
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