DOCSLIB.ORG

Theodor Wolff, the Writer in Exile 1933 – 1943

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Theodor Wolff, the Writer in Exile 1933 – 1943 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sydney eScholarship Theodor Wolff, the Writer in Exile 1933 – 1943 by Reingard Porges A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for admission to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2006 Department of Germanic Studies and Department of Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish Studies The University of Sydney Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisors, Professor Konrad Kwiet, Department of Hebrew, Biblical and Jewish Studies and Dr. Kenneth J. Moulden, Department of Germanic Studies, for the provision of their time, experience and advice. I have appreciated their constructive criticism and guidance during the development of this thesis. I would also like to acknowledge the interest, support and generous assistance given by Professor Bernd Sösemann from the Arbeitsstelle für Kommunikationsgeschichte und interkulturelle Publizistik (AKIP) at the Freie Universität Berlin. Throughout my candidature I received valuable assistance from Dr. Dirk Moses, Department of History, University of Sydney and Prof. Olaf Reinhardt, German Studies, University of New South Wales. Generous contributions were made by many friends and I hope I will be given the opportunity to reciprocate. Carolyn Hayes, Jean Bailey, Faye Brinsmead, Dr. Siew Jin Ooi and Jim Nicklin guided me through the project and for this I am grateful. I would like to thank the staffmembers of the following libraries, archives and research centres who have supported me in this project: • The Staff of the Document Supply Section of Fisher Library, University of Sydney; • Prof. Bernd Sösemann and Bettina Oehlert. Arbeitsstelle für Kommunikationsgeschichte und interkulturelle Publizistik, Freie Universität Berlin Theodor Wolff Projekt; • Mr. Gregor Pickro. Bundesarchiv Koblenz; • Beate Volkenrath. Institut für Zeitungsforschung Dortmund; • Adela Clayton. Research Centre.Australian War Memorial Canberra; • Dr. Hermann Simon and Sabine Hank. Neue Synagoge Berlin. Centrum Judaicum; • Caroline Lamey-Utku. Archiv des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München; • Aurélie Audeval. Centre de documentation juive contemporaine (CDJC) Paris; • Schiller-Nationalmuseum / Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach; • Sammlung Exil-Literatur und Deutsches Exilarchiv 1933 – 1945. Deutsche Bibliothek, Frankfurt am Main; • Archiv des Jüdischen Museums Berlin; • Jewish Museum Sydney; • Marion Neiss. Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung Berlin. I want to express my gratitude to the community of St. Andrew’s College, University of Sydney, for providing an atmosphere which fosters academic achievement. The emergence of this thesis after a difficult gestation was aided by my husband William, whose constructive comments, encouragement and patience has been crucial, especially towards the end of the project - I am most grateful. I also wish to thank my son Martin, who has contributed to the thesis in his own special way from the other side of the globe, through constant encouragement and generous hospitality during my frequent visits to Germany. ii Abstract This study examines the effect of exile on Theodor Wolff’s writings from 1933 to 1943. Wolff, a highly assimilated German Jew and renowned journalist and editor- in-chief of the ‘Berliner Tageblatt’ from 1906-1933, was one of the most influential cultural and liberal political commentators during World War I and the Weimar Republic. His political life and influence has been extensively researched, whereas his life in exile has not been explored. Enforced sudden exile in 1933 represented a turning point in Wolff’s life. Following the temporal sequence of Wolff’s ten years in exile, this study is divided into four chapters, starting with the early exile years from 1933 to 1936, followed by the immediate pre World War II period. The third chapter covers the German invasion and occupation of France in 1940. The last chapter sheds light on the two final years from 1942 to 1943. These four periods reflect his exile experience and gradual decline in living conditions, mood, and fundamental changes in his approach to writing. In exile Wolff devotes his time and effort to historical accounts and fiction – a difficult genre for a publicist and journalistic writer. He also embarks on autobiographical writings and during his final years in exile deals with the Jewish catastrophe unfolding in Nazi controlled Europe, raising issues concerning the so called ‘Jewish Problem’. This study draws attention to the effect exile had on an important German- Jewish writer, who in 1943 fell victim to the Holocaust. Wolff’s works, especially his exile writings survived the war and remain relevant today. The findings of this research provide some insight into a turbulent period in German and European history that drastically changed many lives. It also makes a significant contribution to the study of Theodor Wolff and to exile studies in general. iii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I ABSTRACT III INTRODUCTION 1 Exile Studies – Definitions and Critical Issues 2 Exile Studies – Review of the Literature 7 Theodor Wolff – Review of the Literature 14 Research and Sources 18 Overview 23 CHAPTER ONE: EARLY EXILE 1933 – 1936 27 LIFE IN EXILE 27 Exile Life in Nice 33 Reticence to Join Journalists in Exile 37 WRITING IN EXILE 44 Der Marsch durch zwei Jahrzehnte: Reflections on the Past 44 Notes sur l`histoire de la presse: Reflections on Freedom of Expression 64 Public Opinion 68 The Press 72 The Journalist 75 iv CHAPTER TWO: TURNING POINT IN EXILE 1937 80 RETURN TO FICTION WRITING 80 Die Schwimmerin: Roman aus der Gegenwart 80 Typology 96 Bildungsroman 96 Schlüsselroman 98 Zeitroman 99 Class Conflict 102 Generational Conflict 107 The Role of Women 109 Loss of Law and Order 112 Economic Turmoil 116 Exilroman 118 CHAPTER THREE: SECOND EXILE 1940 125 LIFE IN EXILE 125 Life under the Vichy Government 126 Reticence to leave Europe 131 Refuge on a French Farm 137 WRITING IN EXILE 139 La Terrasse in der Gascogne: Autobiographical Reflections 139 Identity 143 Memory 148 Nature and Exile 151 v Topics 157 Childhood, Youth and Early Career 157 Freedom of Expression 159 Friends 167 Travels 170 CHAPTER FOUR: FINAL YEARS IN EXILE AND THE ‘JEWISH QUESTION’ 1941-1943 173 LIFE IN EXILE 173 Life under Italian Occupation 173 WRITING IN EXILE 179 Das Grabmal des Unbekannten Soldaten 179 The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier – Equality 182 Antisemitism – Inequality 185 ‘Die Juden’ 201 Antisemitism 204 Race 207 Zionism 208 The Future 213 THE END 215 CONCLUSION 224 APPENDIX : DIE SCHWIMMERIN, ROMAN AUS DER GEGENWART, SYNOPSIS. 229 vi BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ARCHIVES 231 Archives 231 Theodor Wolff’s Works written in Exile 232 Theodor Wolff’s Articles written in Exile: 233 Theodor Wolff’s Works 234 Secondary Literature 235 vii .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Riezler, Kurt | International Encyclopedia of the First World War
    Version 1.0 | Last updated 23 June 2016 Riezler, Kurt By Bernd Sösemann Riezler, Kurt German politician, diplomat, journalist and philosopher Born 11 February 1882 in Munich, Germany Died 06 September 1955 in Munich, Germany Riezler was a German politician, diplomat, journalist and philosopher, as well as a trusted assistant of the chancellor. Although some of his surviving diary entries dated from July and August 1914 as representative of the German Foreign Office’s Press office were later rewritten, these entries together with his letters shed important light onto the intentions, decisions, and justification attempts of Germany’s head of government. Table of Contents 1 Overview of Riezler’s Political Career 2 The July Crisis and the First World War 3 Riezler’s career in the Weimar Republic and Exile Notes Selected Bibliography Citation Overview of Riezler’s Political Career Kurt Riezler (1882-1955) was a German politician and diplomat, journalist and philosopher of history. His diary entries during the First World War as the personal assistant of Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856-1921) have surpassed any of his scholarly writings in terms of lasting importance. His diary and his personal correspondence with his fiancé Käthe Liebermann (1885-1952) – Max Liebermann’s (1847-1935) daughter whom he married in 1915 – are particularly relevant for the summer of 1914. The original version of the diary entries on the so-called July Crisis did not survive and thus the authenticity of these passages is disputable from a critical source and editorial perspective. Yet even Riezler’s later reworking of these entries, despite the poor editing, gives valuable insight into the mind of Bethmann Hollweg.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION ISSUED by the Assooajm of Awbh Rsums Bl CREAT OOTABI
    Volume XXX No. 7 July, 1975 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAJm OF aWBH RSUmS Bl CREAT OOTABI Herbert Freeden (Jerusaleni) pounds of his property, jewellery valued at 140 Egyptian pounds, and Egyptian-made commodities (clothing and shoes) freely. In the course of three and a half months, from THE DOWNWARD ROAD OF EGYPTIAN JEWRY November 22, 1956 to March 1957, 14,102 Jews were expelled from Egypt in this According to a paper released by the charged with Zionism or Communism, al­ manner; a further 7,000 were expelled up to Public Information Office, Jerusalem, the though up to this time Zionism had not been September 1957. The expulsion operation con­ number of Jews in Egypt was 67,000 in 1945. banned in Egypt. On June 20, 1948, bombs tinued later as well, and there were many *"rom then on, incitement against Jews in­ were set off in the Jewish neighbourhood of who left because they were deprived of their creased. On November 2, 1945—Balfour Cairo. Twelve homes were destroyed in the means of livelihood. Altogether, some 36,000 "^y—anti-Jewish rioting vvas organised in blast, 34 Jews were killed, and over 80 were Jews left up to the beginning of 1960. Cairo, the first of their type in modern injured. In reaction to the bombing of Cairo Egypt. These riots, which gave the signal to by the Israeli Air Force, on July 15, an Arab At the outbreak of the Six-Day War in other Arab nationalists to turn on the Jews mob attacked Jews on the streets, others 1967, units of the security services raided |n their own countries, began with a rush of pulled Jews off buses and beat them, while Jewish homes and arrested all males between "Misr-el-Fatat" (Young Egypt) members into the police did not intervene.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Europe
    Central Europe Federal Republic of Germany Domestic Affairs AN POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC terms, 1984 was relatively stable, al- though not without its share of troubling events. On the economic front, the gross national output rose by 2.6 percent, while the cost-of-living increase—2.4 percent —was the lowest since 1969. Unemployment, however, stood at 9 percent. The slight upward trend of the West German economy was slowed by lengthy strikes during the second quarter of the year. A scandal involving high government officials plagued the government of Chan- cellor Helmut Kohl throughout much of the year, producing considerable public unrest. Investigations by a parliamentary committee and the public prosecutor led to allegations of bribery, influence peddling, and tax evasion involving the huge Flick industrial concern and major political figures. West German economics minis- ter Otto Graf Lambsdorff resigned in June, just before being indicted for accepting bribes from Flick to arrange tax waivers. (He was succeeded by his Free Democratic party colleague Martin Bangemann.) Bundestag president Rainer Barzel resigned in October, in the wake of similar accusations. (Philipp Jenninger, also a Christian Democratic leader, was elected his successor in November.) Court proceedings were initiated against other leading personalities, in business as well as politics. In connection with public criticism of Flick's substantial political payoffs, spokes- men for Nazi victims and anti-Nazi groups recalled that the Flick concern had made large donations to the Nazi party and had refused to pay indemnity to World War II slave laborers. In May former mayor of West Berlin and Christian Democratic leader Richard von Weizsacker was chosen as the sixth president of the Federal Republic, succeed- ing Karl Carstens, who had been elected in 1979.
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERTISE and SENSATIONAL REPORTAGE in WEIMAR BERLIN by Ross F. Bowling a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of
    EXPERTISE AND SENSATIONAL REPORTAGE IN WEIMAR BERLIN by Ross F. Bowling A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Scott D. Spector, Chair Professor Kathleen Canning Professor Geoff Eley Associate Professor Derek Vaillant For Mom, Dad, and Kathryn ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ........................................................................................................ ii Introduction and Historiography .........................................................................................1 Chapter One Historical Context and the Professionalization of the Berlin Press .............................45 Chapter Two Karl Grossmann: Reportage and the Politics of Location ..........................................97 Chapter Three Fritz Haarmann and Karl Denke: Sensation and the State ................................................................144 Chapter Four: Peter Kürten: The Narrative of Sensation ..........................................................191 Conclusion ......................................................................................................234 Bibliography of Sources ..................................................................................................244 iii INTRODUCTION AND HISTORIOGRAPHY By the outset of the Weimar Republic, Germany had developed a flourishing commercial press culture which only continued to grow as the 1920s progressed. By
    [Show full text]
  • Fever: Berlin, 1930-1933
    Peter Walther Fever: Berlin, 1930-1933 Sample translation by Alan Robinson 2 Contents The Man of Honour: Heinrich Brüning 9 The Charlatan: Erik Jan Hanussen 19 The Dogmatist: Ernst Thälmann 41 The Lover: Maud von Ossietzky 59 The Red Tsar: Otto Braun 73 The Monster: Graf von Helldorff 93 The Survivor: Dorothy Thompson 105 The Stuffed Shirt: Franz von Papen 115 The Wheeler-Dealer: Kurt von Schleicher 133 The Obliteration of New York 147 Chinese Chequers 165 The Coup d’état 181 Destiny Balls 195 The Strike 213 Endgame 229 Red Circles 251 Finale furioso 265 Appendix Chronology 307 Notes 313 Bibliography 346 Index of Names 357 Photo Credits 364 3 The Man of Honour Heinrich Brüning 1 The small timber house painted a rusty red in Carpenter Street, Norwich, Vermont, lies only a few hundred metres from the Connecticut River. Rolling fields extend to the east, a small wood closes off the view to the north-west but, looking south, one can see the town. The biggest attraction in Norwich is the general store. The elderly man, who bought this house and garden thirteen years ago with a down payment of $25,000, enjoys seeing the trees grow year by year. Through the picture windows, he watches the birds assembling to migrate each autumn. His partner Claire Nix, younger by thirty-three years, sometimes reads to him from books by Alexander von Humboldt and Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. They listen together to Haydn’s Emperor Quartet and Schubert’s Winterreise. The modest property is guarded by Puli, the Hungarian sheepdog.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany's Cultural Ideology of Bildung
    GERMANY’S CULTURAL IDEOLOGY OF BILDUNG 1870-1945 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Hans-Henning Bunge August, 2015 © Copyright All rights reserved except for previously published materials. Dissertation written by Hans-Henning Bunge M.S. Lack Igenieur Schule, Germany M.A., Kent State University Ph.D., Kent State University, 2015 Approved by _________________________, History, Chair Doctoral Dissertation Committee Richard Steigmann-Gall _________________________, History, Member, Doctoral Committee Timothy Scarnecchia _________________________, University of Akron, Member, Doctoral Committee Shelley Baranowski _________________________, Geology, Member, Doctoral Committee Alison Smith _________________________, Graduate Faculty Representative Sue Ellen Wright Accepted by _________________________, Chair, Department of History Kenneth Bindas _________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences James Blank TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... vi Chapter Page INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 Purpose of Dissertation ..............................................................................................3 Existing Literature
    [Show full text]
  • The Spirit of 1914 Militarism,Myth,And Mobilization in Germany
    The Spirit of 1914 Militarism,Myth,and Mobilization in Germany Jeffrey Verhey Friedrich Ebert Foundation,Bonn The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York,NY 10011–4211, USA www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © Jeffrey Verhey 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Monotype Plantin System QuarkXPress™ [] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Verhey, Jeffrey The spirit of 1914: militarism, myth and mobilization in Germany / by Jeffrey Verhey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0 521 77137 4 1. World War, 1914–1918 – Germany. 2. Germany – Armed forces – Mobilization – History – 20th century. 3. Militarism – Germany – History – 20th century. 4. Nationalism – Germany – History – 20th century. I. Title. D528.5.V47 2000 940.3′43 – dc21 99–37677 CIP ISBN 0 521 77137 4 hardback Contents List of illustrations page xi List of tables xii Acknowledgements xiii List of abbreviations xiv Introduction: The myth of the “spirit of 1914” 1 1. Public opinion in Germany, July 1914: the evidence of the crowds 12 Newspapers as a source for studying German public opinion in 1914 12 Mass psychology and the analysis of the crowds of 1914 22 Curious and enthusiastic crowds in Berlin, 25 July 26 Crowds in Germany (except Berlin) on Saturday, 25 July 33 Enthusiastic and curious crowds in Germany, Sunday, 26 July–Thursday, 38 30 July 1914 Crowds of panic and fear 47 Crowds against war 52 2.
    [Show full text]
  • An Interview with George Mosse
    Translator’s Introduction This interview of George Mosse by Irene Runge and Uwe Stelbrink was conducted shortly after the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall, around the time when, in October 1990, Germany was unified and the German Democratic Republic ended, and marks the first occasion when George Mosse spoke at length about his own history. The topics covered span birth, family history, school years, family life to the years of the Weimar Republic, exile and the Nazi years, Hitler, and the Second World War. There is extended discussion of Jewish identity, the German-Jewish liberal legacy, Zionism and Israel, and his academic writings on gender in relation to his concepts of nationalism and its instrumentalization by those in power. First published in German by the East German Dietz-Verlag publishing house in 1991, the interview documents a particular moment in history, and discusses in detail the intersection of the personal coupled with historical analysis; yet it is still very timely and relevant. Although the broad scope of the interview is impressive, the interviewers’ comments are also noteworthy. Ms Runge and Mr Stelbrink, two sociologists from the former GDR, also published monographs with similar titles based on interviews with Gregor Gysi (currently a leader of The Left Party in Germany) and Markus Wolf, former head of the East German spy ministry. There is a shared sense of loss, dislocation and potential expressed both by the interviewers, and Mosse as they share insights into lives and preconceptions disrupted by immediate and radical social change. On occasion, the interviewers maintain that the information in Professor Mosse’s answer was not widely known in East Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • The Symbolism in the Burning of Books by Students in Berlin 1933
    ‘Ich übergebe der Flamme die Schriften…’ The symbolism in the burning of books by students in Berlin 1933 Gesa Johannsen Gesa Johannsen studied Politics, Law, German Literature and Economics in Göttingen, Bristol and Berlin and is completing her studies with a Master in Book and Digital Media Studies in Leiden. In the spring of 1933, students at German universities raided libraries and staged public and dramatically effective burnings of books that they deemed ‘un-German’. In the light of torches, accompanied by marching band music and officers of the SA in uniform (Sturmabteilung, the paramilitary organisation of the National Socialist party), the students burnt the works of authors like Karl Marx, Thomas Mann, Sigmund Freud, Erich Maria Remarque and Erich Kästner. The bases for their selection of books were blacklists published by the Ministry for Propaganda of the Third Reich earlier that year. In accordance with these lists, the texts of 71 authors were banned because their works were considered to be ‘impure’, Jewish, defeatist or decadent.1 Many of these authors were associated with the labour movement, the enlightenment, humanism or pacifism.2 The German Student Union (Deutsche Studentenschaft), which was responsible for the events, had been dominated by National Socialists since 1931.3 In April 1933 they launched a campaign that went under the rallying cry ‘Against the un-German spirit’,4 and included boycotting professors (especially Jewish ones) and publishing articles supporting their goal of spreading National Socialist ideals. The campaign culminated in the burning of around 20,000 books in Berlin on 10 May 1933.5 Even though similar events took place at other universities, this was the most important one because not only did the Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, give a speech (Fig.1), but it was also widely covered by the media.6 In a radio programme broadcast live by most of the German stations between 11 and 12pm that night,7 the proclamation of nine beforehand-determined fire incantations is clearly audible.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Atrocities Against Civilians in East Prussia, 1914–1915 Author(S): Alexander Watson Source: the Journal of Modern History, Vol
    “Unheard-of Brutality”: Russian Atrocities against Civilians in East Prussia, 1914–1915 Author(s): Alexander Watson Source: The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 86, No. 4 (December 2014), pp. 780-825 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/678919 . Accessed: 06/01/2015 10:02 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Modern History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 158.223.21.100 on Tue, 6 Jan 2015 10:02:11 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions “Unheard-of Brutality”: Russian Atrocities against Civilians in East Prussia, 1914–1915* Alexander Watson Goldsmiths, University of London On August 11, 1914, a week and a half after war had broken out between Germany and Russia, a terrified crowd from the East Prussian border village of Radszen appeared at the office of the local district administrator. That morning, the people told him, there had been a clash between a German cavalry patrol and a larger Russian force in their village.
    [Show full text]
  • Völkisch Writers and National Socialism
    CULTURAL HISTORY AND LITERARY IMAGINATION This book provides a view of literary life under the Nazis, highlighting • Guy Tourlamain the ambiguities, rivalries and conflicts that determined the cultural climate of that period and beyond. Focusing on a group of writers – in particular, Hans Grimm, Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer, Wilhelm Schäfer, Emil Strauß, Börries Freiherr von Münchhausen and Rudolf Binding – it examines the continuities in völkisch-nationalist thought in Germany from c.1890 into the post-war period and the ways in which völkisch-nationalists identified themselves in opposition to four successive German regimes: the Kaiserreich, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the Federal Republic. Although their work Völkisch predated Hitler’s National Socialist movement, their contribution to preparing the cultural climate for the rise of Nazism ensured them continued prominence in the Third Reich. Those who survived into the post-war era continued to represent the völkisch-nationalist worldview in the West German public sphere, opposing both Socialism and National Writers the Soviet and liberal-democratic models for Germany’s future. While not uncontroversial, they were able to achieve significant publishing success, suggesting that a demand existed for their works among the German public, stimulating debate about the nature of the recent past and its effect on Germany’s cultural and political identity and position in the world. Völkisch Writers and National Socialism Guy Tourlamain received his D.Phil. from Oxford University in 2007. He also spent time as a visiting student at the University of Gießen, A Study of Right-Wing Political Culture University of Hamburg and Humboldt University in Berlin as well as undertaking postdoctoral research at the German Literature in Germany, 1890–1960 Archive in Marbach am Neckar.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER FIVE the Treaty of Versailles
    The cover illustration, from a painting of Lenin addressing the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, is reproduced by courtesy of the Society for Acknowledgements Cultural Relations with the US·SR. The author and publishers wish to thank the following for granting permission to include copyright material in this book: Prentice-Hall, Inc., for an extract from Why Hitler Came Into Power by Theodore.. Abel; Oxford University British Library Cataloguing in Publication Pata Press for two passages from The German Rundle, Raymond Norman Delegation at the Paris Peace Conference (1941) International affairs, 1890-1939. - (Twentieth by Alma Luckau; Eyre & Spottiswoode' century world history; vol. 1). (Publishers) Ltd, for an extract from Life of I. World politics - 19th century Mussolini by Margherita G. Sarfatti (translated 2. World politics - 1900--1945 3. History, Modern by Frederic Whyte and originally published by - 19th century 4. History, Mod~rn - 20th century Thornton .and Butterworth); William Heine­ I. Title JI. Series mann Ltd for a short extract from Through 909.82 D397 Two Decades by Theodor Wolff; Hutchinson ISBN o 340 24336 8 Boards and Company for a passage from An ISBN O 340 23708 2 Paper Ambassador's Memoirs by Maurice Paleologue (translated by F. A. Holt); HMSO. for two extracts from Report of the Royal Commission on Palestine, Cmd. 5479 (1937). First published 1979 Reprinted 1985 . "(hanks are also due to the following for permission to reproduce the illustrations in this Copyright© 1979 R.N. Rundle book: the Radio Times Hulton Picture Maps© 1979 Library, pages 3, 4, IO, 15, 17, 43, 44, 58, 59, Hodder and Stoughton Ltd.
    [Show full text]