URBAN DESIGN CITY OF YOKOHAMA YOKOHAMA ENGLISH Urban Design within Yokohama The urban design of Yokohama originated in the late 1960s as one of the strategies used to promote postwar reconstruction as well as to cope with various urban problems arising during the high economic growth period, with the ultimate goal of making Yokohama a self-reliant city. The urban design approach has also played a role in identifying the balance between functional and economic needs from urban development on one hand, and aesthetic/human values such as beauty, enjoyment and grace on the other, thus helping to produce characteristic and attractive urban spaces. 7 Aims and Principles of 1940s−1960s: Occurrence of Late 1960s−: 3 basic strategies toward the creation of a Urban Design various urban problems self-reliant city 1 Supporting pedestrian activities 1945: Devastating destruction of Project production by ensuring safe and comfortable urban area resulting from the war Production of 6 flagship projects to walking spaces. 41% of the urban area was burnt down construct the main skeleton of the city 2 Taking into consideration natural from air raids characteristics such as the 1945−: Signifi cant delay in the topography and vegetation of the reconstruction process due to area concerned. requisition of urban area/port 3 Placing value on the historical facilities and cultural assets of the area 90% of port facilities and 27% of the concerned. entire urban area were requisitioned 4 Increasing and expanding open around 1949 spaces and greenery zones. 1950s: Disordered urbanization 1 Subway Development 5 Placing value on waterfront associated with urban expansion of Plan spaces of the sea and rivers. Tokyo at the high growth period 2 Highway Network Plan 6 Increasing places for people’s Population of Yokohama 3 Bay Bridge Project interaction and communication. 1945 …. 0.62 million 4 Kohoku New Town Project 7 Seeking morphological and visual 1965 …. 1.78 million 5 Construction of Kanazawa beauty. 1960s: Various problems due to Waterfront City undeveloped urban areas and 6 Urban Center rapid increase in population Reinforcement Project Approaches of Urban Design - Destruction to farmland and forests and shortage of schools, nursery 1 Conceptualization schools, roads, drainage, parks, etc. Control of development Put forward an attractive vision of due to urban sprawl - Comprehensive land use measures taken according to administra- the future based on new values and - Necessity for rapid improvement of tive guidelines on coping with disordered development actions its realization processes. railroads, main roads, water and sew- - General Guidelines on housing land developments (1968) 2 Planning age, and waste disposal facilities - General Guidelines for the Preservation of Scenic Yamate (1968) Plan specific projects. - Necessity for reorganizing and recon- - Yokohama Urban Area Environmental Design System (1973) 3 Coordination structing the urban structure in order - Preservation of green spaces (25% of the city) via designating the Coordinate various stakeholders’ to integrate overall urban areas area an “urbanization control area” interests in and efforts for the - Necessity for strengthening the urban Introduction of urban design method creation of characteristic and center to provide job opportunities as - Direct the energy of a rapidly growing city in the appropriate direc- attractive spaces. well as to enhance its attractiveness tion as the material of a good city. 4 Guidance - Necessity for developing sense of - Realize a balance between functionality and other needs on one Set guiding rules for improving the citizenship and building viable com- hand and aesthetic/human values such as beauty, enjoyment and quality of community development munities in the face of a flood of new grace on the other, to create characteristic and attractive urban and ensure their effective use. residents spaces. 5 Fostering of Local Management Help create local management 2011: Current status of urban bodies and support their activities. 2011−: Challenges for the future of Yokohama 6 Design Development development in Yokohama Develop concrete design for public and other facilities from the urban - The city’s self-reliant urban structure Circumstances surrounding Yokohama design perspective. via 6 flagship projects is in the final - Transformation in the global social structures and economic situa- 7 Research and Public Relations stage of completion. tions, among others Further enhance urban design and - Greenary in the suburbs is preserved - Increased awareness for the environment deepen citizens’ understanding. and a stockpile of good housing sites - Decreasing population and the arrival of an aged society created thanks to advanced active - Intensified international competition between cities control against developmental pres- - Centripetal force of Tokyo, which is still strong sures. - Internationalization of Haneda Airport and transformation of the 1 Urban Design within Yokohama - Urban design activities, which Yokohama Port into an international hub harbor 2 Development of Urban Design Activities focused mainly on the urban center - Change of Japan’s national axes, in particular with the introduction at the beginning, have spread to all of the Linear Bullet Train 4 Urban Design in the Formation of an Urban Central Area Framework wards of the city, to all the relevant - Influence of the Great East Japan Earthquake on both the economy 6 Urban Design of Existing Urban Districts departments and institutions of the and people’s lives 8 Urban Design Map city government, and to community Challenges of Yokohama’s urban policy for the future 10 Community Development in Areas around the Urban Center and in the Suburbs development/management activities - Creation of a sustainable “Future City” of the citizens. - Reform of the city structure in response to the decreasing popula- 11 Design of Public Spaces tion and the aged society with a low birthrate 12 Community Development that Embraces History - Response to international competition between cities 13 Creation of Urban Design System - Detailed and differentiated planning and designing in urban develop- ment, taking advantage of the decentralization of power to local entities 14 Urban Design Exchanges / Dissemination - Comprehensive response for disaster prevention 15 Creative City - Response to citizens’ changing values (Youngsou) 16 Community Development via Civic Participation / Civic Collaboration 17 The Future of Urban Design URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 1 Designed by Isamu Tsuyama Early Stages of Urban Design Activity Evolution / Establishment Period of Urban Design Activity Management Period Future Urban Design Activities 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Totsuka Redevelopment Urban Waterfront Area Inner Harbor Readjustment Project Development Project Design-based participation in Tsurumi Sta. East Exit Reorganization of Suburb Base Project Redevelopment Project urban structure focusing large-scale projects Basic plan of Kanazawa Seaside Town Kamiooka Sta. Area Ekisaito Yokohama 22 Yokohama Sta. East Exit Square / Queen’s Square on Inner Harbor Plan of Underground Expressways Opening of Subway No.1 Bay Bridge plan Landmark Tower Underground shopping center Minato Mirai 21 Shinko District Start of Kitanaka-Dori Northern Area Yokohama Urban Development 1965 Kohoku New Town Plan Basic plan of Minato Mirai 21 Port Side Area Land Readjustment Project Improvement of Bus-stop Advertisement Project Redevelopment of Marine Tower Creation and Collection of picture tiles from citizens Minato (Port) Color Plan Improvement of road-side quality of Subway Design Committee Guideline for public signs Yokohama International Passenger Terminal use of high-quality Odori Park Sculpture Setting Committee Light Up Yokohama landscape with street furniture public space Design of station buildings of Minato Mirai Line urban space Use of landscape- Yokohama City Landscape Vision related institutions Ordinance on the Creation of Revision of the Ordinance Attractive Urban Landscape on Outdoor Advertisement Application of district plan Yokohama City Landscape Plan Guideline on Urban Landscape Renewal of existing Division of areas into use district and height district Minato Mirai 21 Minato Mirai 21 Urban Area Environment Design System Yokohama-style guidance on townscape Minato Mirai 21 District Plan of Shinko District Guideline for Shinko District Townscape urban districts by District Plan of Central District Community development consultation areas Motomachi-Dori Community Introduction of district plan in each commercial Kannai Area Management collaboration Guidance for General Guidelines for the Preservation of Scenic Yamate Development Agreement district in the urban central area Yamate Community Development Agreement Basic Agreement on Minato Mirai 21 District Improvement of Chinatown high-quality townscape Bashamichi Community Development Agreement Development of Chinatown Community Development Agreement “Tanoshiku Aruko Yokohama” Exhibition Harbor View Park Creation of urban Improvement of Motomachi Grand Mall Park America-Yama Park Improvement of Isezaki Mall Redevelopment of France-Yama District space which supports Improvement of Bashamichi Kusunoki Square Ginkgo trees along Nihon-Odori enjoyment and liveliness Plan of green Axis Plan of Green Axis Urban Area Promenades Kannai Sta. South Exit Square Improvement of Nihon-Odori Open-air café in Nihon-Odori Designation of important tree in Odori Park Yamashita Park Improvement