URBAN DESIGN CITY OF YOKOHAMA

ENGLISH Urban Design within Yokohama The urban design of Yokohama originated in the late 1960s as one of the strategies used to promote postwar reconstruction as well as to cope with various urban problems arising during the high economic growth period, with the ultimate goal of making Yokohama a self-reliant city. The urban design approach has also played a role in identifying the balance between functional and economic needs from urban development on one hand, and aesthetic/human values such as beauty, enjoyment and grace on the other, thus helping to produce characteristic and attractive urban spaces.

7 Aims and Principles of 1940s−1960s: Occurrence of Late 1960s−: 3 basic strategies toward the creation of a Urban Design various urban problems self-reliant city

1 Supporting pedestrian activities 1945: Devastating destruction of Project production by ensuring safe and comfortable urban area resulting from the war Production of 6 flagship projects to walking spaces. 41% of the urban area was burnt down construct the main skeleton of the city 2 Taking into consideration natural from air raids characteristics such as the 1945−: Signifi cant delay in the topography and vegetation of the reconstruction process due to area concerned. requisition of urban area/port 3 Placing value on the historical facilities and cultural assets of the area 90% of port facilities and 27% of the concerned. entire urban area were requisitioned 4 Increasing and expanding open around 1949 spaces and greenery zones. 1950s: Disordered urbanization 1 Subway Development 5 Placing value on waterfront associated with urban expansion of Plan spaces of the sea and rivers. at the high growth period 2 Highway Network Plan 6 Increasing places for people’s Population of Yokohama 3 Bay Bridge Project interaction and communication. 1945 …. 0.62 million 4 Kohoku New Town Project 7 Seeking morphological and visual 1965 …. 1.78 million 5 Construction of Kanazawa beauty. 1960s: Various problems due to Waterfront City undeveloped urban areas and 6 Urban Center rapid increase in population Reinforcement Project Approaches of Urban Design - Destruction to farmland and forests and shortage of schools, nursery 1 Conceptualization schools, roads, drainage, parks, etc. Control of development Put forward an attractive vision of due to urban sprawl - Comprehensive land use measures taken according to administra- the future based on new values and - Necessity for rapid improvement of tive guidelines on coping with disordered development actions its realization processes. railroads, main roads, water and sew- - General Guidelines on housing land developments (1968) 2 Planning age, and waste disposal facilities - General Guidelines for the Preservation of Scenic (1968) Plan specific projects. - Necessity for reorganizing and recon- - Yokohama Urban Area Environmental Design System (1973) 3 Coordination structing the urban structure in order - Preservation of green spaces (25% of the city) via designating the Coordinate various stakeholders’ to integrate overall urban areas area an “urbanization control area” interests in and efforts for the - Necessity for strengthening the urban Introduction of urban design method creation of characteristic and center to provide job opportunities as - Direct the energy of a rapidly growing city in the appropriate direc- attractive spaces. well as to enhance its attractiveness tion as the material of a good city. 4 Guidance - Necessity for developing sense of - Realize a balance between functionality and other needs on one Set guiding rules for improving the citizenship and building viable com- hand and aesthetic/human values such as beauty, enjoyment and quality of community development munities in the face of a flood of new grace on the other, to create characteristic and attractive urban and ensure their effective use. residents spaces. 5 Fostering of Local Management Help create local management 2011: Current status of urban bodies and support their activities. 2011−: Challenges for the future of Yokohama 6 Design Development development in Yokohama Develop concrete design for public and other facilities from the urban - The city’s self-reliant urban structure Circumstances surrounding Yokohama design perspective. via 6 flagship projects is in the final - Transformation in the global social structures and economic situa- 7 Research and Public Relations stage of completion. tions, among others Further enhance urban design and - Greenary in the suburbs is preserved - Increased awareness for the environment deepen citizens’ understanding. and a stockpile of good housing sites - Decreasing population and the arrival of an aged society created thanks to advanced active - Intensified international competition between cities control against developmental pres- - Centripetal force of Tokyo, which is still strong sures. - Internationalization of and transformation of the 1 Urban Design within Yokohama - Urban design activities, which Yokohama Port into an international hub harbor 2 Development of Urban Design Activities focused mainly on the urban center - Change of ’s national axes, in particular with the introduction at the beginning, have spread to all of the Linear Bullet Train 4 Urban Design in the Formation of an Urban Central Area Framework wards of the city, to all the relevant - Influence of the Great East Japan Earthquake on both the economy 6 Urban Design of Existing Urban Districts departments and institutions of the and people’s lives 8 Urban Design Map city government, and to community Challenges of Yokohama’s urban policy for the future 10 Community Development in Areas around the Urban Center and in the Suburbs development/management activities - Creation of a sustainable “Future City” of the citizens. - Reform of the city structure in response to the decreasing popula- 11 Design of Public Spaces tion and the aged society with a low birthrate 12 Community Development that Embraces History - Response to international competition between cities 13 Creation of Urban Design System - Detailed and differentiated planning and designing in urban develop- ment, taking advantage of the decentralization of power to local entities 14 Urban Design Exchanges / Dissemination - Comprehensive response for disaster prevention 15 Creative City - Response to citizens’ changing values

(Youngsou) 16 Community Development via Civic Participation / Civic Collaboration

17 The Future of Urban Design URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 1 Designed by Isamu Tsuyama Early Stages of Urban Design Activity Evolution / Establishment Period of Urban Design Activity Management Period Future Urban Design Activities

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Totsuka Redevelopment Urban Waterfront Area Inner Harbor Readjustment Project Development Project Design-based participation in Tsurumi Sta. East Exit Reorganization of Suburb Base Project Redevelopment Project urban structure focusing large-scale projects Basic plan of Kanazawa Seaside Town Kamiooka Sta. Area Ekisaito Yokohama 22 Yokohama Sta. East Exit Square / Queen’s Square on Inner Harbor Plan of Underground Expressways Opening of Subway No.1 Bay Bridge plan Landmark Tower Underground shopping center Shinko District Start of Kitanaka-Dori Northern Area Yokohama Urban Development 1965 Kohoku New Town Plan Basic plan of Minato Mirai 21 Port Side Area Land Readjustment Project

Improvement of Bus-stop Advertisement Project Redevelopment of Marine Tower Creation and Collection of picture tiles from citizens Minato (Port) Color Plan Improvement of road-side quality of Subway Design Committee Guideline for public signs Yokohama International Passenger Terminal use of high-quality Odori Park Sculpture Setting Committee Light Up Yokohama landscape with street furniture public space Design of station buildings of Minato Mirai Line urban space Use of landscape- Yokohama City Landscape Vision related institutions Ordinance on the Creation of Revision of the Ordinance Attractive Urban Landscape on Outdoor Advertisement Application of district plan Yokohama City Landscape Plan Guideline on Urban Landscape Renewal of existing Division of areas into use district and height district Minato Mirai 21 Minato Mirai 21 Urban Area Environment Design System Yokohama-style guidance on townscape Minato Mirai 21 District Plan of Shinko District Guideline for Shinko District Townscape urban districts by District Plan of Central District Community development consultation areas Motomachi-Dori Community Introduction of district plan in each commercial Area Management collaboration Guidance for General Guidelines for the Preservation of Scenic Yamate Development Agreement district in the urban central area Yamate Community Development Agreement Basic Agreement on Minato Mirai 21 District Improvement of high-quality townscape Bashamichi Community Development Agreement Development of Chinatown Community Development Agreement “Tanoshiku Aruko Yokohama” Exhibition Harbor View Park Creation of urban Improvement of Motomachi Grand Mall Park America-Yama Park Improvement of Isezaki Mall Redevelopment of France-Yama District space which supports Improvement of Bashamichi Kusunoki Square Ginkgo trees along Nihon-Odori enjoyment and liveliness Plan of green Axis Plan of Green Axis Urban Area Promenades Kannai Sta. South Exit Square Improvement of Nihon-Odori Open-air café in Nihon-Odori Designation of important tree in Odori Park Yamashita Park Improvement of signs the landscape Sekai-no-Hiroba Yamashita Rinko-line Promenade Yamashita-Koen-Dori (World Square) Shinko Circle Walk Creation of Community development embracing Pair Square Port Opening Square Waterfront Axis Kaiko-no-Michi pedestrian space, water and greenery French Bridge Porin Bridge Port Side Park environment-friendly waterfront space Yokohama Heritage Dockyard Garden Kisha-Michi Promenade Red Brick Warehouse / Park Zou-no-Hana Park General Guidelines for Community Community development Survey on the history of city formation of Yokohama Development Embracing History Former Yokohama Senkyo Dock Survey on historic environment Ehrismann Residence No.1 / Dock No.2 Berrick Hall Preservation of Former British Building No.7 conservation improvement Yokohama Port Opening embracing history Memorial Hall Yokohama Media and Communications Center Diplomat’s House Reconstruction of Yamate Bluff No.68 Bluff No.18 Former Fuji Bank Yamate Bluff No.234 Nipponkoa Bashamichi Building Yamate Italian Garden Former Daiichi Bank Yokohama Creativecity Center Creative fusion of Graduate School of Film and New Media hardware and software Creative City of Art and Culture BankART1929 of Tokyo University of the Arts BankART Studio NYK Bankokubashi SOKO

Minato Mirai 21 Sculpture Exhibition Creative and Experimental City Yokohama Triennale National Art Park Plan OPEN YOKOHAMA Yokohama Biennale 86 Livelihood culture design using the Toward the new development of creative city, Yokohama characteristics of area

Project of Water, Greenery and History Promenades Yokohama Civic Forum on Community Development Ordinance for the Promotion of Community Planning Creation of community planning system Partnership promotion model project Tsurumi Joho-no-Michi (Information Street) Ventilating tower in North line of Yokohama Loop Road Basic survey on creation of ward’s attraction Kashi River Promenade Isogo Avenue Itachi River Promenade Pursuit of the image of Niji-no-Promenade Ooka River Redevelopment Project Community development in Plan of community development Tenno-Moriizumi-Yakata the city that responds to Preservation of Shimin-no-Mori and embracing water and greenery Ooka River Promenade External wall of Kosuzume Reservoir areas around the urban center greenery zones in the city Hashirikawa Promenade Nagahama Hall increased awareness for Mitsuzawa Seseragi Green Way and in the suburbs Hongodai Station Square the environment and Preservation plan of old private houses in the city Opening of Nagayamon Park Road construction of Old Tokaido Yumeooka Art Project decreasing population Tsurumi-Kamakura Kodo Sign YBP Art Project

Yokohama Creativecity, International Conference 2009 Barcelona & Yokohama Urban Design Activity Promotion of domestic Yokohama City / Creation BAY90 nd Creative City over the Past 40 Years and in the Future st 2 Yokohama Urban Design Forum and foreign exchange 1 Yokohama Urban Design Forum ~ Proposal for creation of Creative City, Yokohama Yokohama Design International Competition of Yokohama and research Domestic and foreign exchange / City Declaration University Community Development International Passenger Terminal Consortium Yokohama Dissemination Yokohama Urban Design on urban design Five Open Port Cities Conference on Proposal of redevelopment project of International Competition Portside Waterfront Park Competition Landscape-oriented Community Development Zou-no-Hana District Foundation of Yokohama Foundation of Basic Training Program for Townscape Design Award Yokohama Hito Machi Design Award Local Government Urban Designers

Establishment of Group in Charge of Urban Design Establishment of Urban Design Division Mainichi Design Prize Urban Landscape Award Civil Engineering Design Prize (Nihon-Odori / Zou-no-Hana District) Establishment of Urban Beauty Prize of AIJ (Architectural Institute of Japan) Good Design Award (Gold prize) Measures Deliberation Committee

Development of Urban Design Activities

2 URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 3 Urban Design in the Formation of an Urban Central Area Framework Green Axis Seaside Green Space / Park The Urban Center Reinforcement Project is intended to establish a self-reliant urban structure. The project involves integrating the two central urban areas of around and Kannai District, and consists in strengthening the urban infrastructure, creating a new city center, and constructing axes using the sea and greenery. Waterfront Axis Adopting the perspective of urban design, the project also pursues development of attractive pedestrian spaces, Minato Mirai Sta. Zou-no-Hana Park use of historical assets and morphological beauty of the form of the overall city, which now, 40 years after being planned, are being embodied. Yamashita Park

Kaiko-no-Michi

Area around Form of central Integrated JR Yokohama Sta. Bashamichi Sta. area in 1965 central area Nihon-Odori Sta. Waterfront green zone

Minato Area around Area around Yamashita Park Sakuragicho Sta. Nihon-Odori Mirai 21 Yokohama Municipal Subway Motomachi, Yokohama Sta. Yokohama Sta. Baybridge Improved urban axes Chukagai Sta. The formation of a Waterfront Axis Yokohama Park Kusunoki Square Kaiko-no-Michi New business Kannai Port Port in the coastal area of the central Yokohama Park area District urban area and a Green Axis that Kannai Sta.

Kannai Kannai Green Axis Maita Park travels from inland to the sea, and Isezakicho Isezakicho the organic connection of urban central areas using both the sea and Ishikawacho Sta. Basic concept of Urban Center Reinforcement Basic concept of Urban Center Reinforcement Green Axis plan in the early planning stage and greenery are the main attraction of Odori Park Project (Urban Development of Yokohama 1965) Project (Basic Plan of Redevelopment 1970) the axis which goes from Yamashita park through Yokohama. Odori Park to an inland area (dark green)

Green Axis (Symbolic axis of port opening) Waterfront Axis

Minato Mirai 21 District Creation of New Urban Kusunoki Square Yamashita Park Central Area When the subway was constructed It is the first seaside park in Japan Unlike the area around Yokohama in 1974, the existing roads and to have been built as part of the Station and Kannai District, a “Mas- pedestrian space were improved. reconstruction project after the ter Plan-based” development has Comprehensive adjustments made it Great Kanto Earthquake, the only been promoted for the Minato Mirai a space that integrates with the city space where citizens could enjoy 21 District, which connects exist- hall. It is the first instance of urban sea until the 1980s, and the start ing urban areas. The Minato Mirai design within Yokohama. point of the Waterfront Axis. It was 21 District is divided into two main redeveloped in 2001, restored to its areas: the Central District, which Odori Park original state, and a disused ele- includes Landmark Tower and the A park that was created by reclaim- vated freight line removed. Global Headquarters build- ing a canal in 1978 (Width: 30m ing, and the Shinko District, which Distance: approximately 1.2km) via Seaside Green Space / Park includes the Red Brick Warehouse. adjustments made by the State, the A place that people could not access In the Central District, for pedestri- Metropolitan Expressway Company was improved as a continuous ans to make comfortable excursions Limited, and others according to waterfront space (Rinkai Park, Aka between the districts, a pedestrian a Yokohama City plan that placed Renga Park, and others). It is now network has been formed around priority on the Green Axis over an open to citizens as a park which they three axes: the King Axis (Yokohama elevated expressway construction can freely use. A waterfront line that sta. - sea), the Queen Axis (Sakur- project. It is a main Green Axis park. travels down to the sea in a staircase agicho sta. - sea) and the Grand pattern was created and became a Mall Axis (which connects the other Yokohama Park water space in the urban area which two axes). The buildings are white- Yokohama Park was the first West- suits Yokohama. toned, and a beautiful skyline is ern style park in Japan, with a large formed by lowering the heights of amount of greenery being secured Kaiko-no-Michi the buildings as they approach the within the central urban area, and A promenade (approximately 3km), sea, as represented by the group of a place where people can relax. which leads from Sakuragicho Sta- high-rise buildings along the Queen Yokohama Stadium, built via civic tion. Square via the Shinko District Axis. In the Shinko District, which stockholders in 1978 to attract a and Yamashita Park to Harbor View is the birthplace of the modern port professional baseball team to the Park, and which was improved in in Japan, history is respected, as city, is located in this park which is 2002 via use of the site of a former represented by the Red Brick Ware- very much loved by all the citizens. Yamashita Rinko Line freight line. house and the townscape formed The unwinding waterfront scenery of low-rise buildings that are brown Nihon-Odori can be enjoyed by following the and thus contrast the Central Dis- A road that was built during the decorated tiles. trict. In order to produce island-like Meiji period as a firebreak due individuality, walking spaces includ- to conflagration. An attractive Zou-no-Hana Park ing the Kisha-Michi Promenade streetscape is formed by historic Zou-no-Hana Park is the birthplace leading to Shinko, are created along buildings lining the street. It was of Yokohama Port and at the cross- the waterfront so that pedestrians redeveloped in 2002 and a high- roads of the Waterfront Axis and the can enjoy comfortable landscape quality space was ensured by Green Axis. It was improved in 2009 along the water’s edge. broadening the sidewalks, paving to commemorate the 150th anniver- them with fieldstone, and installing sary of the opening of the port, and street furniture and public signs. organically connects Minato Mirai 21 to the Kannai, Motomachi, and Yamate districts.

URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 5 Urban Design of Existing Urban Districts Experimental approaches were fi rst used in the renewal project of Yokohama’s central urban area. The initiative aimed at creating attractive pedestrian spaces in the existing Kannai urban district by, for example, building Kusunoki Square or through the “Urban Area Promenade Project” where decorated tiles were used to indicate Isezakicho District the route to the sea. Once those activities achieved recognition, they then spread to shopping streets such as Improvements to the mall that took place from 1978 included the removal Bashamichi and Motomachi. Making use of these improved public spaces and an original community development of arcades, the underground laying of power lines, pedestrianization (com- agreement, community development was deployed independently by each district. A citizen-friendly approach pletely closed to vehicles), and the installation of street furniture, sculptures, has been taken where both the administration and the community could raise issues, and consultations and etc. The district saw this full-scale experiments, which demonstrate the effectiveness of measures, are frequently conducted. improvement rather early even con- sidering other such works in Japan. In 2005, the designation of Isezaki- cho 1-chome and 2-chome in District Plan was conducted by land owners to respond to the advance of entertain- Area around Yamashita Park ment and amusement business such The development of Pair Square between Kanagawa Prefectural Civic as pachinko parlors. Before improvement Hall and the Industry & Trade Center Building in 1971 prompted the establishment in 1973 of the “Plan on Development Guidance for the Area around Yamashita Park” which concerns land use, the setback of walls, the color of building, etc. The area developed in collaboration with Yamate District the land owners with a focus on Yamashita Park. To improve the traf- The Yamate District, which was a Former , was succes- fic situation between Motomachi District and the area around Yamashita sively developed with condominiums after the postwar derequisition and Park, adjustments with authorities concerned took place and the pedes- many Western-style buildings were subsequently lost. “General Guidelines for trian deck connecting French Bridge, Porin Bridge, and World Square the Preservation of Scenic Yamate” were then decided upon in 1972 in order was developed when the Yokohama Doll Museum was constructed. to preserve the landscape of historic residential/educational districts in the When Marin Tower, which had been constructed as a lighthouse to com- low-rise area. Following this, the parks and streets were redeveloped, main- memorate the 100th anniversary of the port opening, was renovated in tenance projects embarked upon, and the Western-style buildings renovated 2009, on the 150th anniversary of the port opening, private enterprises and used. The “Yamate Community Development Meeting” was then estab- submitted proposals for its operation and its coloring was changed. lished in the 1990’s toward ensuring the cooperation of residents and projects such as the experimental project for a Sidewalks and squares produced by the setback of walls citizen-operated Yamate Bluff No.234 were started. The “Yamate Town Design Promotion Council” was established in Kanagawa Industry & Kanagawa Prefectural Civic Hall The Hotel Trade Center 2000, a community development agree- Bunka Yokohama Kaikan ment and District Plan established, and environment management by the resi- Memorial Hall dents commenced thereupon. Yamate Bluff No.234

Kaigan Dori Pair Square

Yamashita Park

World Square (above) Marine Tower (left) Pair Square (right) Expansion of pedestrian space by the guidance of building form

Bashamichi District Bashamichi is the area where the first gas lamps were used in Japan and Western culture was introduced during cultural enlightenment. To enliven the shopping streets, pedestrian spaces were constructed in 1976 on the model of Kusunoki Square. They have since seen many further renova- tions and redevelopments. Various other methods –expanding sidewalks by narrowing the road, paving roads with brick tiles, installing gas lamps – have also been used. A community development agreement concern- ing use of the land, the setback of walls, the color scheme and the main- tenance of public spaces, among others, was concluded, and has been used in the development of the area. Efforts that follow the regional com- munity development rules, district plan, and landscape plan have also recently been made. In addition, efforts to manage the area have also been launched. Motomachi District Chinatown District Motomachi developed as a shopping street for foreigners living within the A Community Development Agreement for , which is Yamate settlement to use, and is currently rather well known nationwide as the largest Chinatown in Japan, was concluded when improvements that a shopping street where female fashion-related stores play a central role in included the underground laying of power lines and fieldstone paving, etc. Yoshidabashi Bridge Bashamichi Bashamichi (iron bridge) Square brick sidewalk the dissemination of original brands. The setback of walls of the 1st Com- took place in 2005, and thus original community development was ensured. Isezaki Mall munity Development took place in 1955, and then in 1985 the Shopping Mall The approach of fostering an original culture was actively pursued. Exam- Improvement Project of the 2nd Com- ples would include the purchase of a planned condominium construction munity Development was launched. site and the construction of a Mazu Temple. At the same time a Community Devel- Plan of the opment Agreement was concluded setback of walls Street Town management by local community Building constructed in thereby promoting the appropriate furniture Expressway Subway according to the community unit (underground) (Marinard) development agreement development of the town. The mall The local communities of the Bashamichi District, Motomachi District, Chi- rd Square under JR Line Subway was then redeveloped as part of the 3 natown District, Yamashita-Koen-Dori District, and Yamate District, etc. Sidewalks and space produced by the setback of walls concourse Community Development in 2004, and established original rules and have been playing a central role in the man-

Before improvement (left) After completion of the improved pedestrian space (right) Parts of sidewalk which were expanded by improvement Kawagishi-Dori, Naka-Dori, and the res- Road Sidewalk agement of their towns. These local activities have now become networked Store Sidewalk (driving zone) (rest space) Store idents’ association then also joined the 3.05 3.5 5.05 and their range expanded via the YMC (Yamashita-Koen-Dori, Motomachi, Community Development Agreement Pedestrian space produced by the setback and Chinatown) Council and the Kannai/Bashamichi Area Management Liai- and the District Plan was introduced. of walls in lower part son Council.

6 URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 7 Kanagawa Sta.

Port of Yokohama Yokohama Sta. ❶ ❸ ❺ ❽ Minato Mirai Line Yokohama International Yamashita Pier Minato Mirai 21 Passenger Terminal Shin-Takashima Sta. Shinko District Red Brick Warehouse Minato Mirai Sta. Yokohama Sta.

JR Negishi Line Minato Mirai 21 Kaiko-no-Michi Central District

Takashimacho Sta. Urban Area Promenade Yokohama Municipal Subway Sotetsu Main Line

JRTokaido Yokosuka / Line Nihon-Odori Sta. Bashamichi Sta. Minato Mirai Line

Urban Area Promenade Hiranumabashi Sta. Motomachi, ❾ 11 14 15 Sakuragicho Sta. Chukagai Sta.

Tobe Sta. Kannai District

Sakuragicho Sta. (Subway) Kannai Sta. (Subway)

Kannai Sta. Yamate District

Ishikawacho Sta.

18 21 25 28 JR Negishi Line Hinodecho Sta.

Isezaki-Chojamachi Sta. Main Line Main Keikyu

Koganecho Sta. Yamate Sta. 29 30 33 34

❶ Port Side Park 19 Yokohama No.2 Joint 32 Yokohama Park 51 Yokohama Doll Museum ❷ Yokohama Sta. East Exit Square Government Office Building 33 Yokohama Strong Building 52 America-Yama Park ❸ Hamamirai Walk (Former Yokohama Silk 34 Nihon-Odori 53 Harbor View Park ❹ Remains of Second Yokohama Inspection) 35 SMBC Yokohama Branch 54 Yokohama Local Meteorological Station 20 Yokohama Bankers Association 36 Yokohama Port Opening Observatory ❺ Grand Mall Park (Former Yokohama Bank Memorial Hall 55 Yamate Museum ❻ Rinko Park Meeting Place) 37 Yokohama Media and 56 Yamate Bluff No.234 ❼ Formation of skyline 21 Graduate School of Tokyo Communications Center 57 Ehrismann Residence ❽ Dockyard Garden National University of Fine Arts (Former Yokohama Commercial 58 Berrick Hall ❾ Nippon-Maru Memorial Park and Music (Former Fuji Bank) Encouragement Hall) 59 Ferris University Bldg. No.10 38 3940 41 42 10 Sakuragicho Station Square 22 Bashamichi Avenue 38 Yokohama Customs 60 Yamate Park Office 11 Yokohama Creativecity Center 23 Nippon Koa Bashamichi 39 Yokohama Kaigan Church 61 Yamate Catholic Church (Former Daiichi Bank) Building (Former Kawasaki 40 Port Opening Square 62 Yamate Italian Garden 12 Former Todairyo (Lighthouse Bank) 41 Zou-no-Hana Park 63 Yokohama Kyoritsu Gakuen Engineering Department) 24 Yokohama Shiloh Church 42 Yokohama International Main Building Seawall 25 Yoshidabashi Bridge Passenger Terminal 13 Kishamichi Promenade 26 Former Yokohama Matsuzakaya 43 Pair Square 14 Navios Yokohama West Building 44 Yamashita Park 15 Shinko Circle Walk 27 Isezaki Mall 45 Yamashita-Koen-Dori 16 Hammerhead Crane 28 Odori Park 46 Chinatown 17 Remains of Yokohama Custom 29 Underground laying of 47 Motomachi House expressway 48 Marine Tower 44 46 5051 53 18 Red Brick Warehouse / 30 Kannai Sta. South Exit Square 49 World Square (Yamashita Park) Aka Renga Park 31 Kusunoki Square 50 Porin Bridge

Urban Design Map 54 58 61 62

8 URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 9 Community Development in Areas Design of Public Spaces The design of public spaces such as roads and stations, which are used by both citizens and visitors, is an important around the Urban Center and in the Suburbs element that contributes to the convenience and comfort of the city. In order to enhance the quality of public The “Creation of Attractive Wards”− or the creation of comfortable environments that closely connect to people’s spaces, we not only develop specifi c designs for public facilities including street furniture and public signs, but everyday lives− fi rst started in the 1980s. The local characteristics of each ward are fi rst identifi ed, and the approach also promote comprehensive staging of public spaces with the cooperation of private businesses. Experimental of creating attractive spaces used in various projects. The roads, parks, public facilities, etc. around station squares undertakings are carried out and institutional mechanisms established so that public spaces can be utilized in a and ward offi ces, which citizens often frequent, are then environmentally improved in ensuring the creation of variety of fashions, including with special illumination (lighting up) or open-air cafés. attractive spaces. “Community Development Embracing Water and Greenery”− or the transformation of areas along rivers, which had been concealed because of urbanization, into spaces where people can enjoy the natural environment and waterscape− took place as environmental developments that included improving promenades alongside rivers (the Ooka River, the Kashio River, the Katabira River, and the Itachi River), maintaining and using waterfront plazas where people can access the watersides and the forests around the area. The abovementioned Minato Mirai Line environmental developments were promoted in cooperation with the citizens groups and organizations concerned. Design of Station Buildings In addition, the urban design approach is also being used in Kohoku New Town and Kanazawa Seaside Town, which The concept of an “Urban Gallery”, are included within the six fl agship projects. or the stations being designed to serve as galleries, was established by the Design Committee (1993) and famous architects then requested to Creation of attractive suburbs Creation of attractive wards design individual stations. Each sta- tion building was created by drawing Kohoku New Town Creation of attractive Hodogaya Ward Nishiya Purification Plant Promenade / upon the individual characteristics, Kurabeyato Promenade / Suidomichi Promenade / charm, and atmosphere of the town Nitta Green Way / Futoo Green Way Kawabe Park Waterfront Plaza and Katabira-gawa Promenade / where the station is located, so that it Hodogaya Rekishi-no-Michi Okurayama Promenade reflects and is identified with its par- Creation of attractive Kanagawa Ward ticular area and that visitors can enjoy Jike (Home Village) Mitsuzawa Seseragi Green Way / Furusato Mura Aoba the atmosphere of Yokohama while Ward Kanagawa-Shuku Rekishi-no-Michi / Tokaichiba Station Square Higashi Kanagawa Park underground. Bashamichi Sta. (left) Minatomirai Sta. (right above) Motomachi, Chukagai Sta. (right) Nakayama Sta. Pedestrian Deck Creation of attractive Tsurumi Ward Kohoku Rekishi-to-Midori Concourse / Midori-no-One Promenade Tsuzuki Ward Yokohama Municipal Subway Kanazawa Seaside Line Ward Tsurumi Sta. East Exit Square / Midori Tsurumi Joho-no-Michi / Line No.1 When the line was inaugurated, it was Areas around Shin-Yokohama Ward Ward Kaniyama Park Station Square / Nissan Stadium / A Subway Design Committee com- decided that the symbolic color of Pedestrian signs / Street furniture Urban design of the urban center (pp.6–7) posed of architects, industrial design- train cars and station buildings would Katabira-gawa Waterfront Park Negishi Forest Park ers, and graphic designers was be blue and orange. To commemorate established (1969), and the facilities its 20th anniversary, a daring design Kamakura-Michi Promenade Kanagawa Shin-Honmoku Area Asahi Ward designed following design policies based on these symbolic colors was Ward Nagayamon Park Seya Creation of attractive Minami Ward such as “Easy-to-Understand Sub- adopted for the introduction of new Ward Ooka-gawa Promenade / ways”. In addition, wall reliefs were train cars at a Design Meeting which Higashi-Totsuka West Exit Square Gumyoji Bus-bay Pedestrian Plaza / Nishi used that reveal the characteristics of was composed of designers, special- Izumi-gawa Waterfront Park Ward Niji-no-Promenade / Hodogaya Minami Ota 3-chome Friend Park / Yokohama. ists and local residents. Tenno-Moriizumi-Park Ward Ohara Tunnel / Maita Park Minato (Port) Color Plan Public Art Areas around Kamiooka Minami Naka Kamiooka / Yumeooka Art Project Izumi Ward Ward Creation of attractive Isogo Ward To make the more Installation of works of art in public Yokohama Fishing Piers / Ward Totsuka distinctive as well as vibrant, new spaces will introduce new values, add Areas around Totsuka Ward Isogo Avenue / Kotsu Square / Building complex / Negishi Station Square / sceneries have been created by individuality and a cultured atmos- Old Tokaido road construction / Yokodai Station Square / improving the waterside spaces and phere, and create new charms of the Tsubonomi Kanazawa Michi Grand design of water and greenery controlling the colors used through- town if they match the atmosphere of Kashio-gawa Promenade Konan Creation of attractive Konan Ward out the entire port area. Owing to this Yokohama and characteristics of local Sakuramichi Promenade / Ward Isogo effort, people can enjoy sceneries of areas. Nineteen works of art installed Cultural zone of the central area Ward Environmental improvement of the Ooka River / of Sakae Ward Stairways of Shimonagaya Sta. different tones of color as they view in Kamiooka, for example, including a Sakae the city on a cruising ship, in addition gigantic object that covers a ventila- Ward Kanazawa Seaside Town Itachi-gawa Promenade Kanazawa to the scenery viewed from the land. tion tower, have made new landmarks Ward Areas around Kanazawa Ward Of ce Railway Car Design of Seaside Line within the town. Approach to Shomyoji Temple / Distribution reservoir of Kosuzume Street Furniture / Public Signs Kanazawa Rekishi-no-Michi / Open-Air Cafés Deiki Park / Yushobashi Bridge / Puri cation Plant As street furniture and signs have a Hashirikawa Promenade major impact on the landscape, spe- As part of further deployment of the cific criteria have been established redevelopment of Nihon-Odori, a sys- to control their color, form and size. tem to realize open-air cafés has been With the recent realization of bus-stop established thanks to the local com- sheds with advertisements that are munity’s initiative and after repeated operated and maintained in collabora- social experimentation. Thus, a new tion with a private enterprise, design form of liveliness has been created in control arrangements have been the public space. developed to include the introduction of a new scheme. Light Up Yokohama This project commenced in 1986 with the purpose of effectively revealing characteristic assets of Yokohama and creating attractive noctur- Ooka-gawa Promenade Kohoku New Town Hongodai Station Square Kanazawa Seaside Town nal urbanscapes, which differ from those of day time. The Yokohama Night View Promotion Council, which includes private enterprises, has been Bus-stop shed Bus-stop sign established to promote this initiative.

10 URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 11 Community Development that Embraces History Creation of Urban Design System Since the fi rst opening of the port a distinctive culture has been nurtured and characteristic towns and streets have The process of urban design activities under various themes and in various areas led to the creation of guidelines, been developed in Yokohama. Historic landscapes, such as the elegant modern architecture in Kannai District, such as the “Development Guidance Plan for the Area around Yamashita Park”, and the establishment of standards. Western-style buildings in Yamate, old private houses in the suburbs, as well as stately remains of civil engineering The purpose of the guidelines and standards was to realize a detailed design and take into consideration the works and industrial structures, are all important resources that form the “characteristics of Yokohama”. Aiming to landscape, which cannot be stipulated via the legal system or with numerical criteria, but can be attained from leverage these historic buildings in community development, “Guidelines for Community Development that Embraces creative consultations that use innovative ideas of all the parties concerned. The Urban Area Environment Design History” was established in 1988. We preserve and use historic buildings in cooperation with the owners, citizens, and System was established as an original system for Yokohama that refl ects the above characteristics. With the recent specialists and, in conjunction with the systems concerning cultural properties, promote the preservation of historic enforcement of the Landscape Act which led to the establishment of an ordinance on landscape, consultation- landscapes in community developments. based community development has been further advanced.

General Guidelines for Community Development Preservation and Use of Western-Style Buildings Yokohama-Style Guidance Application of Local Area System used in the Creation of the Original Urban Landscape that Embraces History in Yamate on Townscape Rules of Yokohama This involves a system for preserving Yamate District offers one of the typical landscapes of Yokohama where The enforcement of the Landscape Act (2006) triggered the establishment and using historic buildings with top pri- many Western-style buildings from the former Foreign Settlement still Development Guidance for the District Plans / of the “Yokohama Landscape Vision” and “Yokohama City Ordinance on ority placed on the preservation of their remain. Many of the buildings are being used as dwelling by the owners, Area around Yamashita Park Building Agreements / the Creation of Attractive Urban Landscape”. By adopting a landscape plan exterior appearance and by encour- who have emotional attachment to such historic buildings. To preserve this Plan (1973) Community Planning Rules based on the Landscape Act, basic/quantitative landscape rules can be aging land owners to actively use the historic landscape, we promote the preservation and use of Western-style This plan involves guidelines that In ensuring the environmental pres- introduced for the area concerned, and even higher quality landscape devel- insides, thus preserving historic land- buildings with the help of their owners and in conjunction with the com- were established using the experi- ervation and the development of opments can be pursued through creative discussions by applying the rel- scapes that are characteristic of Yoko- munity development activities. Furthermore, the city acquires Western-style ence gained from planning consulta- more attractive areas, local resi- evant provisions of the ordinance. hama. Historic buildings of landscape buildings and preserves and uses tions concerning Pair Square, which dents establish original rules that (As of 2011) importance are registered. Among the them within park areas, with the is built between the Kanagawa Pre- are based on the situation of their registered, those which are particularly relocation and reconstruction of fectural Civic Hall and Industry & area in a cooperative and voluntary 1 Landscape Act “Landscape Plan” 2 Landscape Act “Landscape Plan” important and whose owners consent the Ehrismann Residence being Trade Center and hotels. This then manner. They make positive use of (entire city) (landscape promotion areas) are certified. When a building is certi- one example. Western-style build- led to the establishment of stand- the system and mutually make sure - Set Limit on the height of buildings and - Establish quantitative standards for fied, a plan for its preservation and use ings that the city possesses are ards concerning the setback of to observe the rules. the floor-ratio of greening with regard to the form, color, height of buildings, will be made after consulting its owner, used by citizens for various activi- walls, improved sidewalk spaces, - District plans …. 97 areas development acts on hillsides. etc. and support for the preservation of their ties rooted in the local history and the use of buildings, colors, etc. - Building agreements …. 179 areas - Ease the claustrophobic feel caused by - Soft control through notifications, exterior appearance will be extended culture, such as decorating them While no minimum standards were - Community planning rules …. 12 the construction of high retaining walls. recommendations, etc. after a preservation and use policy is with flowers and playing music, established by it, basic guidelines areas made and specific parts to be pre- Nipponkoa Bashamichi Building (first which further increases the charm on items that need to be discussed (As of December of 2011) served have been decided. instance of certification) of these buildings. Ehrismann Residence with the companies and land own- ers concerned in ensuring the best Outdoor Advertisements were compiled in 1973. With the start of the enforcement Preservation of Historic Landscape along Nihon-Odori Preservation of Historic Landscapes in the Suburbs of landscape-related institutions in When the Yokohama District and The suburbs of Yokohama have a Urban Area Environment Design 2008, responsibilities for outdoor Height of buildings Form and color of buildings Summary Court and Yokohama landscape that gives off the atmos- System (1973−) advertisement control was trans- Media and Communications Center phere of a Yokohama as if the port This is another original system used ferred to the Urban Design Division 3 Landscape Ordinance (urban were improved, at the same time had not been opened; for example, by Yokohama which is similar to the and the administrative system used landscape consultation areas) as the redevelopment of Nihon- Satoyama, an undeveloped woodland Development Guidance Plan and for promoting landscape develop- - Establish qualitative standards to Odori, historic buildings were pre- near populated areas. Old private was developed after the model of ment including outdoor advertise- increase the charm of the area. served in the lower part of the new houses are considered part of the ele- consultation cases in areas around ment control was established. The - Hold consultations between compa- architecture with high-rise buildings ments that make up the landscape Yamashitacho. In a review of the ordinance on outdoor advertise- nies and Yokohama City. constructed behind them, so that and have been cared for by citizens urban plan in 1973, strict height ments, which was established in the historic landscape of Nihon- for many years now. We promote, in district and floor-area ratio speci- 1956, was substantially revised in Odori would be preserved. In addi- cooperation with the local commu- fications were newly introduced. 2011 so that the content responds tion, the construction of any new nity, citizens’ use of historic buildings Whereas it was decided that the to changes over time, including by [Actual situation] buildings must take the landscape Yokohama Media and Communications Center (For- as places at which to experience the Kyu-Anzai-ke-jutaku Main House (in Nagay- height and floor-area ratio would providing for a system that allows 3 urban center areas: into consideration. mer Yokohama Commercial Encouragement Hall) local history and culture. amon Park) be relaxed in accordance with the for unique characteristics of the Kannai and Minato Mirai 21 District (Central District and Shinko District) contribution the building concerned area concerned. Creation of liveliness Inheritance of history makes to its neighborhood (setting Preservation and Use of Remains of Civil Engineering Works and Industrial Structures Efforts of Dissemination of public open spaces, etc.) Having one of the first opening ports of To gain the understanding of citi- modern Japan, Yokohama was a major zens about the community develop- Community Development entry point of Western industries and civil ment that embraces history, we hold Consultation Areas (1986−) engineering technologies to Japan. In par- public seminars, issue the “Yoko- Areas for which building guid- ticular, the currently urban central area, hama Journal for Community Devel- ance has been provided since the which was a foreign settlement at that opment that Embraces History” PR 1970s (the Redevelopment plan- time, was the main place to receive such magazine and “The City’s Recollec- ning zone, Area around Yamashita industries and technologies. For that rea- tion” brochure, etc. in cooperation Park, Bashamichi District, etc.) son, a variety of remains of civil engineer- with Yokohama Heritage Society, were integrated into “Community ing works and industrial structures still which is composed of specialists. Development Consultation Areas”. exist within the city, and they are one of As of 2011, while responsibility for the many charm points of Yokohama. We the Kannai District, among others, strive to preserve these remains, and trans- has been transferred to landscape- form them into spaces available to citizens. related institutions, other areas of Examples include the Former Yokohama the Yokohama city center, Shin- Senkyo Dock No.2, which was preserved Yokohama city center, and com- and is being used as a square at the foot of mercial and business areas around Landmark Tower, the “Kisha-Michi” Prome- other major railway stations have nade, which uses the site of disused tracks been specified as community devel- between Sakuragicho and Shinko District, opment consultation areas. and the Zou-No-Hana breakwater, which was created by reconstructing a masonry “Toshi-no-Kioku” (left) and “Yokohama Shim- breakwater of the Meiji period. “Kisha-Michi” Promenade where three bridges and an embankment remain bun (right)

12 URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 13 Urban Design Exchanges / Dissemination Creative City Yokohama City has been identifying problems, advancing research and deepening discussions on urban design Since the late 1980s we have discussed self-reliant development of Yokohama at international symposiums and and community development through exchanges with domestic as well as foreign cities at various occasions conferences such as the “Barcelona & Yokohama City Creation” This resulted in the decision to develop the including international conferences and exhibitions. With pertinent information recorded and published, these concept of a “Creative City” as a new type of urban vision where software and hardware measures are blended by activities have contributed to promoting the citizens’ understanding of and cooperation in urban design, as well as combining the creativity of culture and art, attractive spaces, various human resources and the industrial economy, developing new human resources in and outside the city government. In addition, we created many attractive urban thereby producing new values and charm points for the city. We have been actively pursuing this idea since the spaces by effectively holding competitions and gathering proposals for public facilities, thereby broadly amassing launch of the “Recommendations on the National Art Park Plan” in 2006. ideas from all around Japan and the rest of the world. All these efforts have resulted in the city’s enjoying wide fame in the fi eld of urban design, with important prizes received including the Gold Prize of Japan Good Design Award.

National Art Park Plan National Art Park Plan was pro- posed as one of three projects aimed at advancing the “Proposal toward the Creation of a Creative City of Art and Culture Yokohama” (2004). The Plan has two parts: the first offers the “Overall Plan”, which is the grand design for the urban center waterfront areas of the crea- tive city, and the second presents “Concrete approaches”, which are strategies to realize that. Specifi- cally, the Plan calls for the follow- ing: create international tourism and exchange bases and accu- mulate creative industries in the urban center, particularly in the six key waterfront districts and inland Creative Core Areas, by proactively inviting creative activities, typically cultural and artistic ones, as well Yokohama International Passenger Terminal (left) Zou-no-Hana Park (right) as by leveraging existing resources Concept Map of National Art Park Plan (When it was proposed in 2006) Cooperated by NDC Graphics such as historic buildings and the Amassing Ideas via Competitions, etc. port scenery. Competitions and gathering of proposals have been carried out in decid- ing the design of public facilities which have symbolic importance for Yokohama by, for instance, being positioned on an urban axis. Partici- Development of Creative pation of cutting-edge designers, both domestic and foreign, has been Core Areas welcomed so as to make the design of facilities of high popularity and In the three areas of “Nihon-Odori”, quality. Recent examples of such facilities include Yokohama Interna- “Bashamichi”, and “Sakuragicho/ tional Passenger Terminal and Zou-no-Hana Park, both of which, after Noge”, the “Development of Crea- completion of construction, have made new symbolic spaces for Yoko- tive Core Areas” project is under- hama, where a large number of people come and go. Deck of Yokohama International Passenger Terminal (left) Zou-no-Hana Terrace (right) way to revitalize local communities. Historic buildings, warehouses and spare offices are transformed into Development of Advanced Initiatives via Domestic Research / Human Resources Development spaces for creative activities so that and Foreign Exchanges The orientation of urban development in Yokohama are vigorously explored artists and creators can use them International exchanges such as the international conference of the “Yokohama via collaborative studies by the University Community Development Con- to produce and display their works Urban Design Forum” (in 1992 and 1998) have been conducted to study, dis- sortium Yokohama and interdisciplinary as well as reside there. Gathering cuss, and make proposals on urban problems, urban designs and urban cul- research such as at Kitanaka School in a certain integrated area of vari- ture. This has made a significant contribution to the dissemination of the urban and UDCY. This is pursued not only by ous and mutually related functions, design measures of Yokohama, development of new urban design principles, university students, but members of ie., creation, dissemination, incuba- and eventual development of “Community Planning measures”. In addition, society and administrative officers also tion, industrial accumulation, civic Yokohama has been hosting international design/art exhibitions such as Bar- join the effort. On the human resources exchange, etc., has been producing celona & Yokohama City Creation and Triennale. Domestically, Yokohama has development front, basic training pro- positive outcomes, including invig- been promoting local government-level and citizen-level exchanges that include grams for local government urban orated creative activities by citizens, the “Historical Landscape City Conference” and “Five Open Port Cities Confer- designers and urban design workshops accumulation of talented persons, ence on Landscape-oriented Community Development”, thus contributing to are made available to improve the Basic Training Program for Local Govern- and creation of new businesses. Opening event of BankART1929 (left) Hinode Studio (right above) Zou-no-Hana Terrace (right below) the vitalization of community development activities. urban design skills of local officials. ment Urban Designers

Five Open Port Cities Conference on Landscape-oriented Community Development Public Relations / Citizen groups from 5 cities (Hakodate, Niigata, Yokohama, Kobe, and Naga- Dissemination of Urban Design saki), that share the common history of having had their ports opened because Urban design aims at rediscovery and of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce enhancement of urban culture, and between Japan and the United States this needs to be supported by citi- of America in 1858, gather to exchange zens’ understanding and cooperation. information and opinions on landscape- To promote this, we disseminate infor- oriented community development. The mation on urban design activities via conference first met in 1993, and after- the distribution of brochures, and also wards the member cities took turns to engage in the “Yokohama Hito (people) host the meeting. The Yokohama Con- Machi (towns) Design Award” program ference of 2009 involved 220 people to recognize and commend outstanding Yokohama Creativecity Center (left) BankART Studio NYK (middle) Bankokubashi SOKO (right) from 5 cities, who actively took part in instances of contribution with respect to the discussions. creation of high quality landscapes.

14 URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA 15 Community Development via Civic Participation / The Future of Urban Design Urban design activities over the past 40 years have achieved a variety of results, but the background social situation, Civic Collaboration such as challenges facing the city and values of citizens, has significantly changed from the one when the activities As urban design activities spread to areas around the urban center in the 1980s and then to the suburbs, attention first started. Now that the “Six Flagship Projects” intended to solve problems of that time come close to completion, was focused on civic activities which would advance community development. The Yokohama Urban Design Forum it is high time to identify new challenges facing Yokohama and its citizens now, such as environment and energy (1992) led to the launch of “Area Development Project” which supports local residents’ own community development problems, decentralization of power to local government, the arrival of an aged society with a low birthrate, and efforts, and also to the establishment of the “Team in Charge of Citizen-Driven Community Development” within international competition between cities. Such new challenges then need to be met with a new long-term vision and the Urban Design Division. Since 1996 the “Partnership Promotion Model Project” has been implemented jointly strategic plans of the new age, which are comparable to the Six Flagship Projects. It is important to come up with a by the Planning Bureau, Civic Affairs Bureau, and Urban Planning Bureau in all the wards of the city as a policy new vision and plans and strive to realize them, as something physical or institutional, in the ongoing processes of for promoting partnership-based administration. This is followed by the establishment of the “Ordinance for the project implementation and urban design undertaking. Promotion of Civic Activities” (2000), which lays down the principles of civic cooperation, and the “Ordinance for the Promotion of Community Planning” (2005), which focuses on community development

Urban Waterfront Area Inner Harbor Project Concrete Actions With regard to the ideal image of Yokohama in the next 50 years, the “Yoko- Community Development from Programs to Support Community Planning hama City Inner Harbor Planning Committee” has submitted to the mayor a “Yokohama Urban Design Activity over the Past 40 Years and in the Participation to Collaboration Community planning based on collaboration between citizens and the administration was brought into proposal of the “Urban Waterfront Area Inner Harbor Project”. This is based Future” Symposium (July, 2011) Urban design activities in the area around full swing with the establishment of the “Ordinance for the Promotion of Community Development”. In on the “Umi-no-Miyako (Capital of the Sea) Yokohama Project 2059” pre- Joined by specialists from various fields, the symposium reviewed urban the city center and in the suburbs began with accordance with the ordinance, leaders of community planning, usually local residents, are registered and pared by the “University Community Development Consortium Yokohama”, design activities in Yokohama so far and discussed the future of Yokohama the improvement of such facilities as rivers, certified, and policies and rules for the area concerned developed. To support and collaborate with citizens’ composed of five universities with Yokohama City University playing the and urban design. Specific topics discussed there included: energy and parks and roads. The participation of local activities, the city government has set up programs of dispatching coordinators and extending subsidies. leading role. The Urban Waterfront Area Inner Harbor Project proposes the other environment-related issues; urban design with a particular focus on residents became an important theme. following: develop a ring-shaped urban structure around the Bay of Yoko- disaster preparedness in the light of experiences of the Great East Japan At the beginning, the administration Citizens who aim to solve problems in their neighborhood hama, and within this setting, promote community development in such a Earthquake; community relationships; or make their neighborhood an attractive place proposed concrete projects to citizens, but Examination of district plan / way that enables citizens to enjoy and use the valuable waterside environ- and the need for discussions and Building agreement / Examination of urban area before long citizens themselves started to Registration of community planning groups Landscape plan / ment offered by the sea adjoining the urban center; create an urban area actions on a regular basis, based on redevelopment projects, Landscape agreement work voluntarily to solve problems of their land readjustment where a variety of activities gather and take place with the support of traffic exchanges among various stakehold- own neighborhood, or even try to make it projects and others Certi cation of community planning organizations networks; and make the city a place where not only citizens of Yokohama ers such as citizens, specialists, univer- (Establishment of rules an attractive place. Hence, the relationship for local areas) but also various people from around the globe feel happy and rich. sities, and businesses. It is expected Certi cation of Certi cation of community then developed into collaboration between community plans planning rules that exchanges with experts and local citizens and administration. leaders will continue further and that Public space development / 1959 2009 the outcomes will be reflected in future Implementation of projects Application of rules Voluntary activities 100th anniversary of port opening 150th anniversary of port opening urban design activities. Symposium

1965: Urban Center Examination of Functional Conversion of Urban Resources Community Development via Collaboration that Spreads Through All the Areas Reinforcement Project Mizuho District The site of disused Toyoko Line tracks at Sakuragicho Station is a resource that has the potential to be converted into an attractive urban space. It Area around Area around Area around Housing / Road / Town Improvement Project Community Development of Hatsuko / Hinode Area Yokohama Sta. Yokohama Sta. Yokohama Sta. can even make a symbolic place of the city if properly linked with activities An original Yokohama project that tackles disaster reduction and the The “Hatsuko/Hinode-cho Environment Purification Promotion Council” is which respect local characteristics, New business Minato Mirai Daikoku improvement of the living environment within dense housing areas, which the main platform to tackle the improve- Port Port Inner Harbor creativity, and the community under the area District District exhibit problematic disaster prevention conditions, in close collaboration ment of the area’s environment. It aims main themes of “Health” and the “Envi- among the residents, administration, to turn the environment deteriorated Kannai・Kangai Kannai・Kangai ronment”. This project is expected to Kannai・Kangai District District specialists, and NPOs. Under the Pro- due to some unlicensed restaurants District set a good example of a well-planned ject, a “Disaster Prevention Community and bars into a healthier environment Yamashita public space supporting activities that Form of urban District Development Plan” is established for where everyone can peacefully wander take place therein, and also to demon- central area in 1965 Integration of the area concerned, and to realize the around. In addition, events such as the urban central area Land use conversion strate in a concrete form the “Future of Examination of use of the site of disused plan, specific projects are implemented Art Event “Koganecho Bazaar” are held in Inner Harbor Urban Design” of Yokohama. Toyoko Line tracks and rule-making conducted using the by the “NPO Koganecho Area Manage- community planning support programs. ment Center”. 2010: Umi-no-Miyako Creation of Landscape with a Focus on the Beautiful Port Central government subsidizing projects Yokohama Project 2059 Capitalizing on specific characteristics of Yokohama, where the functions are effectively introduced as well. Collaboration between Community of port and city are contiguous, we intend to promote the landscape of the and Universities in Kanazawa Hakkei 2059 Inner Harbor District with a view to making it a world-class “Beautiful Port” Creation of Keihin-no-Mori Kanazawa Ward organizes arrangements with Yokohama City University 200th anniversary of port opening that suits Yokohama. While inheriting accumulated past urban design activi- The creation of a green environment within the industrial zone of the Kei- and Kanto Gakuin University, and both ties, we intend to develop a new potential urban design for Yokohama by hin waterfront area has been advanced universities then incorporate the prac- creating an original “Beautiful Port” landscape that exemplifies a new com- Mizuho with various greening programs imple- tice of urban design with a focus on the munity development beside the water. District mented under the “District Greening problems of the ward into their classes. Plan” and in collaboration among busi- The students tackle the community Area around nesses based in the area, citizens, and development of Kanazawa Hakkei Yokohama Sta. the administration. Moreover, an area through practical exercises, and cre- greening project, which is based on the ate a dissemination base for commu- Yokohama Midori Up (Greenery) Plan nity developments around the station in Daikoku and implemented in collaboration with cooperation with the local community. Minato Mirai Inner Harbor citizens, started in 2009. District District Community Development around the Totsuka Area Town Building Project by Yokohama Citizens As a redevelopment project and a land As one of the support measures based readjustment project are simultaneously Kannai・Kangai on the “Ordinance for the Promotion of underway around , over- District Community Planning”, the city govern- all design coordination is being con- ment holds a contest of project pro- ducted, and plans are being prepared Yamashita posals submitted from citizen groups with the help of local residents to cre- District concerning improvements of their own ate a place of distinctive atmosphere as towns, with winning proposals receiving a former Tokaido Road post-town and financial support for their implementa- also to construct a new park. Creation of rich urban space with sea, tion. Over the past five years, 25 pro- “Umi-no-Miyako” (“Capital of the Sea”) Urban Waterfront Area Inner Harbor Development Project jects have been subsidized.

16 URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA URBAN DESIGN YOKOHAMA Edited & Planned by Urban Design Division, Urban Development Bureau, City of Yokohama Published March 2012 1-1 Minato-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama TEL: 045-671-2023 FAX: 045-663-8641 Materials provided by Port and Harbor Bureau, City of Yokohama