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Technical Assessment Report on Results of Transformation Measures in Armenia

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INCREASING THE RESILIENCE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS THROUGH FOREST TRANSFORMATION EC THEMATIC PROGRAMME ON ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES EuropeAid/128320/C/ACT/Multi External Actions of the European Union No. DCI-ENV/2010/221391 This document is the sole responsibility of the Project on Increasing the Resilience of Forest Ecosystems against Climate Change in the Southern Caucasus through Forest Transformation and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union Technical Assessment Report on Results of Transformation Measures in Armenia (March 01, 2011 – March 01, 2014) Siranush Galstyan Project Country Coordinator for Armenia, WWF Armenia Arthur Alaverdyan Forest Officer, WWF Armenia February, 2014 - Yerevan This project is co-financed and implemented by the WWF Germany in collaboration with the South Caucasus partner organizations Project head office in Germany: Project office in Armenia: WWF Germany WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature Armenian Branch (WWF Armenia) Reinhardtstr. 14 11, Proshyan, Str. 10117 Berlin 0019 Yerevan Tel.: +49 (0)30-311777-274 Tel.: + 374 (10) 58 89 83 Fax: +49 (0)69-79144 4166 Fax: + 374 (10) 54 61 56 [email protected] [email protected] www.wwf.de www.panda.org/armenia INCREASING THE RESILIENCE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS THROUGH FOREST TRANSFORMATION EC THEMATIC PROGRAMME ON ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES EuropeAid/128320/C/ACT/Multi External Actions of the European Union No. DCI-ENV/2010/221391 Progress Report On implementation of forest transformation measures in two pilot sites in Armenia In the frames of the EU funded project on Increasing the Resilience of Forest Ecosystems against Climate Change in the Southern Caucasus through Forest Transformation 5 February 2014 Prepared at WWF Armenia by: Siranush Galstyan and Arthur Alaverdyan Brief project description The regional project on “Increasing the resilience of forest ecosystems against climate change in the South Caucasus Countries through forest transformation” is financed by the European Union and implemented by WWF in Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan under the lead of WWF-Germany. WWF Armenia is the project implementer in Armenia. The project (2011 – 2014, with possible one year no- cost extension) is aimed at establishing necessary conditions for the forest management authorities to develop and implement strategies for transforming monoculture forest stands into highly resilient “close to nature” forest stands. This will be done through awareness raising about climate change impacts on forests, demonstrating practical measures to make forests more resilient, and providing forest management staff and local community members, local NGOs, and CBOs who use or manage forests with the necessary knowledge and skills to transfer the development and implementation of transformation measures to other forest stands. The overall project objective is to increase the resilience of forest ecosystems in the Southern Caucasus against climate change impacts and to improve biodiversity and livelihoods of local population. The specific project objective is to establish necessary conditions for the forest management authority to develop and implement strategies for transforming monoculture forest stands into highly resilient, “close to nature” forest stands. Implementation of the forest transformation field activities is the key component of the project, which is aimed at testing and demonstrating the possibilities of forest transformation in the selected pilot sites with the perspective of future replication in the other sites in Armenia. Pilot sites in Armenia In 2011 two pilot sites with the total area of 151,7 ha were selected in Armenia for implementation of transformation measures. Pilot site 1. Spitak The site is located in Lori region of Armenia on the territory of Spitak Forest District of Gugarq Forest Enterprize under “Hayantar” SNCO. The total area of the site is 72.2 ha and the altitudes are ranging from 1600 to 2000 m above sea level. The site consists of 2 sub-sites located nearby the communities Saramej and Lernantsq. Main characteristic: monoculture pine stands (4-11 years old), rather dense, never thinned with the open areas in between, erosion (sometimes rather severe) present in some places especially in Lernantsq area. Limited presence of other species (bushes), in some places good natural regeneration of pine. Map 1.1 Pilot site Spitak, sub-site Saramej Map 1.2 Pilot site Spitak, sub-site Lernantsq Table 1.1. Structure of the pilot site Spitak Saramej Sup-plots Area (ha) 1-1 8.4 1-2 2.9 1-3 10.5 1-4 4.4 1-5 13.2 1-6 8.3 Total 47.7 Lernantsq Sup-plots Area (ha) 2-1 5.0 2-2 0.9 2-3 6.8 2-4 4.0 2-5 1.9 2-6 0.8 2-7 3.0 2-8 2.1 Total 24.5 Table 1.2 Site survey of Spitak pilot site Project Site Spitak Coordination of transformation measures WWF Armenia Country Armenia Location Spitak, Armenia Grid references Latitude 40o46’58” – 40o48’06” N Longitude 44o13’52”-44o16’14” E Total area 72,2 ha Ownership Spitak Forest District of Gugarq Forest Enterprize of “Hayantar” SNCO, Armenia Climatic conditions Mean annual temperature 7.4 0C Mean temperature vegetation period (April- 14.2 0C October) Min / Max temperatures -350C / 340C Annual precipitation 500 mm Precipitation in vegetation period (April-October) 340 mm Site conditions Altitude 1600 - 2000 m a.s.l Soil type Grey mountainous, dark brown forest soils are dominant. Natural nutrient situation Low humus content Hydrological situation (ground water level, No rivers, (water only as a result of snow melting or flooding, wind ) rain), temporary slope water Exposition S,SV,N,SE Vegetation Potential Natural Vegetation Middle and high mountain zone – Oak forest 1. Quercus macranthera 2. Carpinus caucasica 3. Acer trautvetteri 4. Fraxinus excelsior 5. Pyrus caucasica 6. Malus orientalis 7. Tilia caucasica 8. Ulmus carpinifolia 9. Pinus sylvestris Actual vegetation/ land use type Monoculture pine stands (4-11 years old), rather dense, never thinned with the open areas in between, erosion (sometimes rather severe) present in some places especially in Lernantsq area. Limited presence of other species (bushes), in some places good natural regeneration of pine. History of the area Natural regeneration proceeds unsatisfactorily, presence of overgrazing, fencing of the territory is required for its maintenance. Pilot site 2. Noyemberyan The site is located in Noyemberyan region of Armenia on the territory of Koghb Forest District of Noyemberyan Forest Enterprise under “Hayantar” SNCO. The total area of the site is 79,6 ha and the altitudes are ranging from 850 to 1250 m above sea level. The site consists of 3 sub-sites with the closest community Koghb. Main characteristic: old mainly destroyed pine stands (more than 30 years old), which continue to get destroyed yearly due to wind and snow; presence of bush vegetation, in some places old planted broadleaf species (apple, maple) and natural regeneration with poor growth due to grazing. Map 2.1 Pilot site Noyemberyan, sub-site 1 (Kozman) Map 2.2 Pilot site Noyemberyan, sub-site 2 Map 2.3 Pilot site Noyemberyan, sub-site 3 Table 2.1 Structure of the pilot site Noyemberyan Noyemberyan 1 (Kozman) Sup-plots Area (ha) 1-1 19.5 1-2 37.4 1-3 10.7 Total 67.6 Noyemberyan 2 Sup-plots Area (ha) 2-1 7.7 2-2 0.9 Total 8.6 Noyemberyan 3 Sup-plots Area (ha) 3-1 1.4 3-2 2.0 Total 3.4 Table 2.2 Site survey of the Noyemberyan pilot site Project Site Noyemberyan, Armenia Coordination of transformation measures WWF Armenia Country Armenia Location Noyemberyan, Armenia Grid references Latitude 41o07’53” – 41o09’41” N Longitude 44o53’06”-44o56’52” E Total area 79,6 ha Ownership Koghb Forest District of Noyemberyan Forest Enterprise of “Hayantar” SNCO, Armenia Climatic conditions Mean annual temperature 10,4 0C Mean temperature vegetation period (April- 14.2 0C October) Min / Max temperatures -230C / 340C Annual precipitation 600 mm Precipitation in vegetation period (April-October) 480 mm Site conditions Altitude 850 to 1250 m a.s.l Soil type Grey mountainous, dark brown forest soils are dominant. Natural nutrient situation Low humus content Hydrological situation (ground water level, No rivers, (water only as a result of snow melting or flooding, wind ) rain), temporary slope water Exposition NW, E, N, SE,NE Vegetation Potential Natural Vegetation Middle and high mountain zone – Oak forest 1. Pinus silvestris L. 2. Quercus iberica stev. 3. Juglans regia L. 4. Acer campestre L. 5. Fraxinus excelsior L 6. Malus orientalis Uglitzkich 7. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. 8. Cornus mas L. 9. Crataegus caucasica 10. Rosa canina Actual vegetation/ land use type Old mainly destroyed pine stands (more than 30 years old), which continue to get destroyed yearly due to wind and snow; open areas, presence of bush vegetation, in some places old planted broadleaf species (apple, maple) and natural regeneration with poor growth due to grazing. History of the area Natural regeneration proceeds unsatisfactorily, presence of overgrazing, fencing of the territory is required for its maintenance. Transformation plan Forest transformation plan was developed in spring 2012. “Hayantar” SNCO (state forest manager in Armenia) had positive view about the plan. It includes detailed description of the sites and planned activities with financial calculations and other details. Forest Transformation is available from the following web page: http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/forest_transformation_plan___am_1.pdf Field transformation measures Implementation of field transformation activities started in spring-summer 2012 with installation of fences and finalized in late autumn-winter 2013 with plantings in Spitak and Noyemberyan pilot site. Field transformation activities were implemented mainly according to the transformation plan with some deviations, which were conditioned by the natural climatic and local conditions.
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