DOCSLIB.ORG

Women`S Health Network: Country Report Finland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women`S Health Network: Country Report Finland EWHNET European Women's Health Network Women`s Health Network: State of Affairs, Concepts, Approaches, Organizations in the Women’s Health Movement Country Report Finland February 2000 EWHNET is a project in the Medium-Term Community Action Programme on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men (1996-2000) and is financed by the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. Author: Dr. Ansa Ojanlatva Dept. of Public Health University of Turku 20520 Turku 52 Finland Liaison Person: Dr. Kaisa Kauppinen Institute for Occupational Health Topeliuksenkatu 41 a 00250 Helsinki Finland Project Manager: Dr. Vera Lasch, IFG Where to order: Ute Sonntag Landesvereinigung für Gesundheit Niedersachsen e.V. Fenskeweg 2 30165 Hannover Germany Phone: 0049 511 3500052 Fax: 0049 511 3505595 e-mail: [email protected] Copyright: No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the author of this issue. All rights reserved. The following text reflects the author’s views. The commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained in that publication. 1. edition, June 1999 2. edition, Hanover, February 2000 Contents: 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................5 1.1 Population background........................................................................................................6 1.2 History of health care..........................................................................................................7 1.3 Structure of health care .......................................................................................................7 1.4 National health insurance .................................................................................................. 10 1.5 Alternative care/self-care .................................................................................................. 10 2. Occupational health-related issues..................................................................................... 12 2.1 Occupational issues........................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Educational issues......................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Nature of work among women ...................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 Age discrimination........................................................................................................ 13 2.1.4 Burnout at work ............................................................................................................ 14 2.1.5 Health effects................................................................................................................ 14 2.2 Occupational health organizations..................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Ministry of Labor.......................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health........................................................................ 16 2.2.3 Center for Occupational Safety...................................................................................... 16 2.2.4 The Finnish Work Environment Fund ........................................................................... 16 2.3 Occupational health services ............................................................................................. 16 2.4 Occupational health law.................................................................................................... 17 3. Women's reproductive and maternal health care ............................................................. 18 3.1 Maternal health care.......................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Childbirth.......................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Prenatal screening ............................................................................................................. 20 3.4 Contraception.................................................................................................................... 20 3.5 Hysterectomy.................................................................................................................... 21 3.6 Ovarian cancer.................................................................................................................. 21 3.7 Sexually transmitted diseases ............................................................................................ 22 3.7.1 Maternal HIV Screening................................................................................................ 22 3.8 Human Papillomavirus (HPV)........................................................................................... 23 4. Health education................................................................................................................. 24 4.1 Health policies .................................................................................................................. 24 4.2 Forms of health education ................................................................................................. 24 4.2.1 School health education................................................................................................. 24 4.2.2 Physical activity/health psychology............................................................................... 25 4.2.3 Clinical health education ............................................................................................... 25 4.2.4 The health care laws are skeleton laws .......................................................................... 25 5. Health of elderly finnish women......................................................................................... 27 5.1 Demographic data............................................................................................................. 27 5.2 Marital status, family and children .................................................................................... 27 5.3 Social contacts .................................................................................................................. 27 5.4 Living conditions .............................................................................................................. 28 5.5 Health issues, sexuality and marital satisfaction ................................................................ 28 5.5.1 Physical health behaviors .............................................................................................. 29 5.5.2 Positive emotional health .............................................................................................. 30 5.5.3 Oral health .................................................................................................................... 30 5.5.4 Sexual behavior............................................................................................................. 31 5.5.5 Marital satisfaction........................................................................................................ 31 5.6 Medical conditions............................................................................................................ 32 5.6.1 Heart disease................................................................................................................. 32 5.6.2 Depression .................................................................................................................... 33 5.6.3 Dementia....................................................................................................................... 33 5.7 Violence and injuries ........................................................................................................ 33 5.8 Medications ...................................................................................................................... 34 5.9 Mortality........................................................................................................................... 34 5.9.1 Use of social and health care services............................................................................ 34 6. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 36 7. References ........................................................................................................................... 37 8. PART II............................................................................................................................... 46 8.1 Networks .......................................................................................................................... 46 8.2 WWW-home pages........................................................................................................... 46 1. Introduction Women's health care has developed in an evolutionary manner in Finland. "Gender neutral", "gender avoidance", "gender-blind", "gender bias", "gender-specific", "gender difference" and "gender-sensitive" are terms to be clarified as they either appear or otherwise have meaning in this context. Gender is understood as consisting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Women and Men in the News
    Nordic Council of Ministers TemaNord 2017:527 Women and men in the news and men in Women 2017:527 TemaNord Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org WOMEN AND MEN IN THE NEWS The media carry significant notions of social and cultural norms and values and have a powerful role in constructing and reinforcing gendered images. The news WOMEN AND MEN in particular has an important role in how notions of power are distributed in the society. This report presents study findings on how women and men are represented in the news in the Nordic countries, and to what extent women and IN THE NEWS men occupy the decision-making positions in the media. The survey is based on the recent findings from three cross-national research projects. These findings REPORT ON GENDER REPRESENTATION IN NORDIC NEWS CONTENT are supported by national studies. The results indicate that in all the Nordic AND THE NORDIC MEDIA INDUSTRY countries women are underrepresented in the news media both as news subjects and as sources of information. Men also dominate in higher-level decision-making positions. The report includes examples of measures used to improve the gender balance in Nordic news. Women and men in the news Report on gender representation in Nordic news content and the Nordic media industry Saga Mannila TemaNord 2017:527 Women and men in the news Report on gender representation in Nordic news content and the Nordic media industry Saga Mannila ISBN 978-92-893-4973-4 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-4974-1 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-4975-8 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2017-527 TemaNord 2017:527 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2017 Layout: NMR Print: Rosendahls Printed in Denmark Although the Nordic Council of Ministers funded this publication, the contents do not necessarily reflect its views, policies or recommendations.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Scandinavian Research About Women in Public Life, Published in English 1970-2015
    Mapping Scandinavian Research about Women in Public Life, published in English 1970-2015. Collected by Hedvig Stahre, master of political science - for the Nordic-Arab Research Collaboration Project “New Avenues for Women”. 2015. The Nordic-Arab research collaboration project, ”New Avenues for Political Influence for Women in the Arab region”, financed by the Swedish Research Council. Project leader: Drude Dahlerup. Arab partner: Center for Arab Women for Training and Research, CAWTAR Mapping Scandinavian Research about Women in Public Life, published in English 1970-2015. Collected by Hedvig Stahre, master of political science. Introduction This mapping is made for the benefit of researchers abroad, who want to learn about Gender Studies in the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden on the theme of women/gender in public life1. Most of the research literature - especially from the first decades of Nordic Women’s Studies/Gender Studies - was published in the native languages, and is therefore not included here. But with the development of Gender Studies an increasing number of publications would appear in English. See also the essay by Drude Dahlerup on “The development of Women’s Studies/Gender Studies in the social sciences in the Scandinavian countries”, an overview over the main approaches in Nordic Women’s Studies/Gender Studies, based on all publications within this research field. Both documents are available at www.statsvet.su.se/wip What is ‘public life’? The differentiation between what is public and what is private life has been discussed in many different fora, and is a contested issue also in gender research.
    [Show full text]
  • Migrant Women As Champions of Learning
    MIGRANT WOMEN AS CHAMPIONS OF LEARNING Data collection on how women use their experiences and linguistic knowledge to help newcomers in diaspora communities adapt to the local culture and the new language Women in diaspora communities as champions of learning to live together WIDHT project consortium MIGRANT WOMEN AS CHAMPIONS OF LEARNING Data collection on how women use their experiences and linguistic knowledge to help newcomers in diaspora communities adapt to the local culture and the new language 1 A research report of Women in diaspora communities as champions of learning to live together Editing and design: WIDHT project consortium Year of publication: 2019 The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 2 Table of Contents Background ............................................................................................................ 2 Project countries ................................................................................................. 2 The transformative power of learning .................................................................... 4 Non-formal adult education in Europe: a fragmented field ...................................... 5 Migrant women as learners and actors of change: an unexplored ground .............. 5 What is a successful project? ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Dialogue with Refugee Women in Finland
    Protectors, Providers, Survivors A Dialogue with Refugee Women In Finland October 2011 Protectors, Providers, Survivors A Dialogue with Refugee Women In Finland October 2011 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Brussels, Belgium Centre for Refugee Research, University of New South Wales, Australia October 2011 Authors: Eileen Pittaway and Astrid Van Genderen Stort Photo: Eileen Pittaway Original drawings from the refugee women at the Dialogue This document is for general distribution. All rights reserved. Reproduction and translation are authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided UNHCR and the Centre for Refugee Research, University of New South Wales, Australia, are acknowledged as the source. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 2 Foreword ............................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................4 What Are the Dialogues? .....................................................................................................8 Asylum-Seekers & Refugees in Finland ............................................................................ 10 The Role of UNHCR in Finland ..........................................................................................16 Methodology ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Suffrage, Gender and Citizenship in Finland
    Suffrage, gender and citizenship in Finland A comparative perspective Irma Sulkunen Summary Finland was the first European country where women gained the full political rights. The reform, carried out in a political inflammable situation after the great strike in 1905, was pioneering: it gave women not only the right to vote but also to stand as candidates for Parliament. In Finland, as well as in other young nations, the early suf- frage of women was connected with strong national aspirations and in these nations democracy also emerged rapidly. Furthermore the right to vote was the most salient vehicle to regulate the limits and contents of citizenship including a new notion of genders. Due to the cultural background, which was strongly bound with agricultural tradition, the relationship between genders in Finland contained some peculiar fea- tures. This, associated with a favourable political situation, enabled the early entry of Finnish women into Parliament. Zusammenfassung Finnland war das erste europäische Land, welches Frauen vollständige politische Rechte zugestand. Die in der politisch aufgeheizten Situation nach dem Generalstreik von 1905 durchgeführte bahnbrechende Reform sprach Frauen nicht nur das aktive, sondern auch das passive Wahlrecht zu. Wie auch in anderen jungen Nationen war das frühe Frauenwahlrecht in Finnland mit starken nationalen Bestrebungen sowie einer rapiden Demokratisierung verbunden. Außerdem bot das Stimmrecht eine hervorra- gende Möglichkeit, die Grenzen der Bedeutung von staatsbürgerlicher Partizipation zu definieren und brachte zugleich eine neue Genderperzeption mit sich. Aufgrund der besonderen kulturellen Bedeutung der landwirtschaftlichen Tradition beinhaltete die Ausgestaltung der Geschlechterbeziehung einige besondere Komponenten, welche, gepaart mit einer günstigen politischen Situation, den frühen Einzug von Frauen ins Parlament ermöglichte.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Gender Equity in Japanese and Nordic Labour Markets: a Tale of Two Paths
    Towards Gender Equity in Japanese and Nordic Labour Markets: A Tale of Two Paths By Helinä Melkas* and Richard Anker** International Labour Office, Geneva July 2003 * Helsinki University of Technology, Lahti Centre, Institute for Regional Economics and Business Strategy. ** Former ILO Official. For more information on the InFocus Programme on Socio-Economic Security, please see the related web page http://www.ilo.org/ses or contact the Secretariat at Tel: +41.22.799.8893, Fax: +41.22.799.7123 or E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © International Labour Organization 2003 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the ILO Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE (Fax: +44 171436 3986), in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Centre, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 (Fax: +1 508 750 4470), or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. ISBN 92-2-114289-2 First published 2003 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence Against Women Prevalence Data: Surveys by Country Compiled by UN Women (As of March 2011)
    Violence against Women Prevalence Data: Surveys by Country Compiled by UN Women (as of March 2011) Intimate Partner and/or Intimate Partner Violence (%) Non-Partner Violence (%) Physical Physical Forced Abuse Physical Sexual and/or Physical Sexual and/or first during No. Country Survey Coverage Year sexual sexual sex pregnancy Last Last Last Last Last Last Life- Life- Life- Life- Life- Life- (%) (%) 12 12 12 12 12 12 time time time time time time months months months months months months 1 Albania CDC-RHS National 2002 4.5 8.2 1.5 2.9 2 Antigua Other National 1990 30 2008- 3 Armenia Other National 8.9 3.3 9.5 3.3 2009 2002- 4 Australia IVAWS National 4 25 1 8 4 27 8 48 4 34 57 2003 5 Azerbaijan DHS National 2006 9.7 12.8 2 2.9 10.2 13.5 7.7 13.3 3.7 15 2.8 4.2 City 19 39.7 20.2 37.4 30.2 53.4 58.5 24.1 10.2 2000- WHO 6 Bangladesh 2003 Province 15.8 41.7 24.2 49.7 31.9 61.7 59.9 29.9 12.4 DHS National 2007 18.4 48.7 11 17.8 23.9 53.3 7 Barbados Other National 1990 30 8 Bolivia DHS National 2008 23.1 6.4 24.2 47.3 City 2001 8.3 27.2 2.8 10.1 28.9 38.7 2.8 8 9 Brazil WHO Province 2001 12.9 33.8 5.6 14.3 14.8 36.9 38.8 4.3 11.1 10 Cambodia DHS National 2005 7.9 12.8 1.7 2.7 8.7 13.7 22.3 10.3 22.3 2.8 3.1 11 Cameroon DHS National 2004 38.6 13.9 28 42.4 45.1 52.5 16 10.9 12 Canada Other National 2004 2 7 Violence against Women Prevalence Data: Surveys by Country Compiled by UN Women (as of March 2011) Intimate Partner and/or Intimate Partner Violence (%) Non-Partner Violence (%) Physical Physical Forced Abuse Physical Sexual and/or Physical Sexual and/or first during No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Council of Europe Campaign to Stop Domestic Violence Against Women
    The Council of Europe Campaign to Stop Domestic Violence against Women The costs of the fight to stop men’s violence against women in the Nordic and the Baltic countries List of contents Background and purpose ................................................................................ 3 Summary ........................................................................................................ 4 Denmark ........................................................................................................ 8 Finland ......................................................................................................... 11 Iceland .......................................................................................................... 13 Norway ........................................................................................................ 14 Sweden ......................................................................................................... 20 Estonia ......................................................................................................... 31 Latvia ........................................................................................................... 33 Lithuania ...................................................................................................... 35 2 Background and purpose The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe’s Committee on Equal Opportunities between Women and Men has adopted a mid-term report on the Council’s Campaign to Stop Domestic Violence against
    [Show full text]
  • Tamara Martsenyuk (Тамара Марценюк)
    Curriculum Vitae Tamara Martsenyuk Name: TAMARA MARTSENYUK (ТАМАРА МАРЦЕНЮК) Titles: Dr., PhD (Candidate of Sciences) in Sociology, Associate Professor Affiliations: Associate Professor at University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Ukraine), Fulbright Scholar at Columbia University (2017-2018) Date of birth: July 2, 1981 Place of birth: Kovel, Volyn obl., Ukraine E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/tamara.martsenyuk Academic profiles: на https://scholar.google.com.ua; https://ukma.academia.edu/TamaraMartsenyuk ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-5618 Researcher ID: L-5930-2016 Web of Science ResearcherID W-6844-2019 Research Gate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tamara_Martsenyuk Research fields and interests Sociology of gender, social structure of society, social inequalities & problems diversity, non-discrimination & gender policies of organizations, gender trainings for NGOs, media, state & business women's, men's and LGBT movements; women’s empowerment EDUCATION 2004 – 2007 PhD (Candidate of Sciences) in Sociology, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (NaUKMA), Aspirantura Program in Social Structures and Social Relations, Candidate of Sciences thesis “Institutional Fundamentals of Regulation of Gender Relations”, Defense Date – October 30, 2009 Aug 30-31 1st School of Universal Design in Ukraine, within the program "Promoting Mainstream Policies and 2018 Services for People with Disabilities in Ukraine", UNDP June 2017 Summer school for NaUKMA Faculty
    [Show full text]
  • WOMEN and SCIENCE: Review of the Situation in Finland
    WOMEN AND SCIENCE: Review of the situation in Finland 1. The national background In this review we will focus on the equality policy and the promotion of women’s research career carried out mainly by Government authorities (ministries and the main research funding organisations). Besides the statistical data of this review, we have also forwarded baseline statistics to the Eurogramme team. *** Finland is generally known as being one of the Nordic countries, which in some connections have been called the paradise of equality. Reasons for this depiction include the development of women's position towards equality with men since the end of the 19th century, and the development of the Nordic type of welfare state in the 20th century. This depiction is, of course, an exaggeration. But what is reality, is the so-called Nordic model of equality. The Nordic countries seem to have achieved an established basis required to promote gender and other equality: parliamentary democracy, equal constitutional rights for every citizen, and a well-functioning, mainly state- financed social security and service system, which also works in the modern market society. Women’s role in Finnish society In 1906, Finnish women were the first in Europe to receive the right to vote and the first in the world to obtain the right to become electoral candidates. In the first parliamentary election in 1907, women’s share of the elected candidates was 10 per cent; this share has ever since been very high internationally. The gender distribution at the top of the political hierarchy was changed in the presidential election in 2000, when Finland received the first woman president.
    [Show full text]
  • Single and Double Sexual Standards in Finland, Estonia, and St
    Single and Double Sexual Standards in Finland, Estonia, and St. Petersburg Elina Haavio-Mannila The University of Helsinki, Finland Osmo Kontula The Family Federation of Finland The sexual revolution and fight for gender equality began in the West during the 1960s but did not reach the Soviet Union until the late 1980s. Using survey data from nationally representative samples from Finland in 1971, 1992, and 1999 and from two former Soviet areas, Estonia in 2000 and St. Petersburg in 1996, we investigated the following: (a) differences across decades and countries in acceptance of the sexual double standard (SDS) in attitudes toward marital infidelity and women's initiating sex; and (b) the relationship between the SDS and sexual satisfaction. Results show that Finland in the 1990s was more egalitarian than Finland in 1971, St. Petersburg in 1996, or Estonia in 2000. Egalitarian sexual attitudes were positively related to sexual satisfaction. SEXUAL STANDARDS similar men and women are in sexual response and func- tioning (Irvine, 1990). Centuries of written history of Western societies document The advent of more individualistic values and more that women and men have been treated differently in sex- equal standards for men and women is related to socioeco- ual matters (Tannahill, 1981). Usually, women but not men nomic developments. Individualism and relaxation of the have been pressured to remain virgins until marriage and requirement of virginity in brides correlate with high to abstain from sexual activities after divorce or the deaths Gross National Product (GNP; Hofstede, 1998). Growing of their spouses. This inequality in sexual standards for affluence provides women with more educational opportu- men and women is referred to as a sexual double standard.
    [Show full text]
  • FATEFUL WELL-BEING: Childhood and Youth Transitions Among
    Journal xyz 2017; 1 (2): 122–135 Special Issue Article • DOI: 10.2478/njmr-2019-0012 NJMR • 9(2) • 2019 • 221-238 The First Decade (1964-1972) Research Article Max Musterman, Paul Placeholder FATEFUL WELL-BEING: What Is So Different About Childhood and Youth Transitions Among Latvian Neuroenhancement? Women in Finland Was ist so anders am Neuroenhancement? Pharmacological and Mental Self-transformation in Ethic Aija LulleComparison1*, Agnese Bankovska 2** 1 LoughboroughPharmakologische University, Loughborough, und mentale UK Selbstveränderung im 2 University of Helsinki, Helsinki * E-mail:ethischen [email protected] Vergleich ** E-mail: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.1515/xyz-2017-0010 Receivedreceived 15 May February 2018; Accepted 9, 2013; 08accepted February March 2019 25, 2013; published online July 12, 2014 AbstractAbstract: In the concept of the aesthetic formation of knowledge and its as soon In thisas article possible we investigate and success-oriented what happens to the application,children who are insights brought to and a new profits country without along with the their parents,reference and how tothey, the now arguments young adults, developed narrate the around ‘self’ as 1900.a migrant The child main and investigation adolescent in different also temporalincludes and spatial the period contexts. between We draw the on entryfive long into narrative force and interviews the presentation with young inwomen its current who were born inversion. Latvia and Their came function to Finland as during part theirof the childhood. literary Forportrayal our analysis and of narrative these narratives, technique. we coin a notion of ‘fateful well-being’. The research participants’ challenges as child migrants, where geographical displacementKeywords: was compounded Function, transmission,by language changes investigation, and discontinuities principal, in schooling, period as well as ruptures with family members and friends, are revalued and appropriated through the self-development skills of reflexive narration.
    [Show full text]