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8079K See Change Briefing Paper CatholicCatholicTheThe ChurchChurch atat thetheUnitedUnited NationsNations Church or ?State? The Catholic It is the world’s smallest “city-state” at 108.7 acres. It houses the infrastructure of the Roman church at the UN: Catholic church: the pope’s palace, St. Peter’s A religion or a state? Basilica, offices and administrative services and libraries and archives.2 Vatican City was created Many questions have been raised about the role in 1929 under a treaty signed between Benito of the Catholic church at the United Nations Mussolini and Pietro Cardinale Gasparri, as a result of its high-profile and controversial secretary of state to Pope Pius XI.The Lateran role at international conferences. Participating Treaty was designed to compensate the pope as a full-fledged state actor in these for the 1870 annexation of the Papal States, conferences, the Holy See often goes against which consisted of 17,218 square miles in the overwhelming consensus of member states central Italy, and to guarantee the “indisputable “The Holy See is and seeks provisions in international documents sovereignty” of the Holy See by granting it a TheThe “See“See Change”Change” that would limit the health and rights of all not a state, but is physical territory.3 According to Archbishop Campaign people, but especially of women. How did the accepted as being Campaign Hyginus Eugene Cardinale, a former Vatican Holy See, the government of the Roman on the same footing Hundreds of organizations and thousands of people diplomat who wrote the authoritative work on Catholic church, come to enjoy this privileged as a state.” the Holy See and international relations, the worldwide have initiated a campaign calling for an position—held by no other religion—that gives Holy See “exists and operates within the official review of the status of the Roman Catholic it a voice at international conferences on some — Hyginus Eugene international community as the juridical church at the United Nations.We are concerned that of the most sensitive issues of our time? Is personification of the Church.”4 Cardinale, Titular there a difference between the Holy See, the church has flown in under the UN’s radar by Vatican City and the Roman Catholic church? The Roman Catholic church is a religious Archbishop of Nepte, calling itself the Holy See, and have called on the In the context of the United Nations, is the society with some 1 billion adherents Apostolic Nuncio to secretary-general to review the church’s current status Holy See a state or a religion? worldwide, with the pope at its head. as a Non-member State Permanent Observer.We Belgium, Luxembourg and believe that the Holy See, the government of the The Holy See The Holy See,Vatican the European Community, in Roman Catholic church, should participate in the City,the Roman at the UN The Holy See and the UN in the same way that the world’s other religions Catholic church: The Holy See is a Non-member State do—as a nongovernmental organization. What is the difference? Permanent Observer at the United Nations. International Order, 1976. This is a rarely used designation shared only by The Holy See is the spiritual and temporal Switzerland. It gives its holder some of the government of the Roman Catholic church. It privileges of a state at the UN, such as being consists of the pope, the Roman Curia—the able to speak and vote at UN conferences. No various departments and institutes that assist the other religion is granted this elevated status. pope in running the church—and the College Other religions participate in the UN like of Cardinals.The Holy See is also the most other non-state entities—as government of Vatican City.1 nongovernmental organizations. Vatican City is the temporal residence of both The Holy See owes its participation in the UN the Holy See and the Roman Catholic church. to an accident of history—the membership of 1 The Catholic It is the world’s smallest “city-state” at 108.7 acres. It houses the infrastructure of the Roman church at the UN: Catholic church: the pope’s palace, St. Peter’s A religion or a state? Basilica, offices and administrative services and libraries and archives.2 Vatican City was created Many questions have been raised about the role in 1929 under a treaty signed between Benito of the Catholic church at the United Nations Mussolini and Pietro Cardinale Gasparri, as a result of its high-profile and controversial secretary of state to Pope Pius XI.The Lateran role at international conferences. Participating Treaty was designed to compensate the pope as a full-fledged state actor in these for the 1870 annexation of the Papal States, conferences, the Holy See often goes against which consisted of 17,218 square miles in the overwhelming consensus of member states central Italy, and to guarantee the “indisputable “The Holy See is and seeks provisions in international documents sovereignty” of the Holy See by granting it a TheThe “See“See Change”Change” that would limit the health and rights of all not a state, but is physical territory.3 According to Archbishop Campaign people, but especially of women. How did the accepted as being Campaign Hyginus Eugene Cardinale, a former Vatican Holy See, the government of the Roman on the same footing Hundreds of organizations and thousands of people diplomat who wrote the authoritative work on Catholic church, come to enjoy this privileged as a state.” the Holy See and international relations, the worldwide have initiated a campaign calling for an position—held by no other religion—that gives Holy See “exists and operates within the official review of the status of the Roman Catholic it a voice at international conferences on some — Hyginus Eugene international community as the juridical church at the United Nations.We are concerned that of the most sensitive issues of our time? Is personification of the Church.”4 Cardinale, Titular there a difference between the Holy See, the church has flown in under the UN’s radar by Vatican City and the Roman Catholic church? The Roman Catholic church is a religious Archbishop of Nepte, calling itself the Holy See, and have called on the In the context of the United Nations, is the society with some 1 billion adherents Apostolic Nuncio to secretary-general to review the church’s current status Holy See a state or a religion? worldwide, with the pope at its head. as a Non-member State Permanent Observer.We Belgium, Luxembourg and believe that the Holy See, the government of the The Holy See The Holy See,Vatican the European Community, in Roman Catholic church, should participate in the City,the Roman at the UN The Holy See and the UN in the same way that the world’s other religions Catholic church: The Holy See is a Non-member State do—as a nongovernmental organization. What is the difference? Permanent Observer at the United Nations. International Order, 1976. This is a rarely used designation shared only by The Holy See is the spiritual and temporal Switzerland. It gives its holder some of the government of the Roman Catholic church. It privileges of a state at the UN, such as being consists of the pope, the Roman Curia—the able to speak and vote at UN conferences. No various departments and institutes that assist the other religion is granted this elevated status. pope in running the church—and the College Other religions participate in the UN like of Cardinals.The Holy See is also the most other non-state entities—as government of Vatican City.1 nongovernmental organizations. Vatican City is the temporal residence of both The Holy See owes its participation in the UN the Holy See and the Roman Catholic church. to an accident of history—the membership of 1 Vatican City in the Universal Postal Union and criteria he applied in deciding whether to The Holy See’s membership in UN agencies What does Non- the International Telecommunication Union. accept UN observers:“I have been following such as the International Atomic Energy The Vatican is a member of these unions one line which seems to be the only possible Agency—which allowed it to qualify as a Non- member State “For a long time the because it owns postal and radio services. Soon one, that is, to accept observers when such an member State Permanent Observer—was also Permanent Observer church was seated after its formation, the UN invited these arrangement is proposed in the cases where the not subject to a vote by the general conference. status mean? at the king’s table. organizations and their members to attend UN country in question is recognized Contrary to some claims, the Holy See was The United Nations recognizes five types of Until the last sessions on an ad hoc basis, which the Vatican diplomatically in this form or that form by a not invited to participate in the UN. Pope 5 8 permanent observers: non-member states (The century, it also had did. Representatives of the Vatican and the majority of UN members.” John Paul II confirmed that the Holy See Holy See and Switzerland); entities with a a temporal state. Holy See began attending sessions of the UN Non-member states obtain Permanent Observer invited itself into the UN when he noted, standing invitation to participate as observers in Since it has been General Assembly, the World Health status by notifying the UN secretary-general “Pope Paul VI initiated the formal the sessions and work of the General Assembly Organization and the UN Educational, that they have appointed an observer.
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