Monacha Cartusiana (O

Home , Cernuella neglecta, Helicigona, Hygromiidae, Monacha, Monacha cartusiana

Vol. 15(4): 181–184

MONACHA CARTUSIANA (O. F. MÜLLER, 1774) (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA: HYGROMIIDAE) BECOMES MORE FREQUENT IN POLAND

ANDRZEJ LESICKI1,EL¯BIETA KORALEWSKA-BATURA2

1Department of Cell Biology, 2Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznañ, Poland (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: Monacha cartusiana (O. F. Müller, 1774) was found at new sites in Poland: in Janikowo near Inowroc³aw and in Poznañ. At the site in Poznañ, adult individuals were relatively large, as their shell width ranged from 14.5 to 19.7 mm. It must be emphasised that adult individuals of M. cartusiana with shell width of nearly 20 mm have not been reported so far. The new sites of this snail indicate that it has become a perma- nent component of the Polish fauna. KEY WORDS: Monacha cartusiana, land snails, distribution, expansion, new locality, Poland

Monacha cartusiana (O. F. Müller, 1774) is a Sub- The newly recorded localities of M. cartusiana in -Mediterranean species with a wide geographical Poland are: Janikowo near Inowroc³aw (UTM: CD50) range: from Asia Minor to the Iberian Peninsula – an anthropogenic site, subject to strong secondary (KERNEY et al. 1983, PRIETO 1985, FECHTER & salinization, with a high calcium carbonate content FALKNER 1990, COSSIGNANI &COSSIGNANI 1995, and a mosaic of patches of halophytes, such as: Sali- HAUSDORF 2000, WIKTOR 2004). The northern limit cornia europea, Spergularia salina Fr., Puccinellia distans of its continuous distribution in Europe runs along L., and Glaux maritima L. (leg. Z. OLSZANOWSKI); and the French and Belgian coasts of the English Channel Poznañ (XU 31) – a ruderal grassland in the northern (with some isolated localities at southeastern edges of part of the city. the British Isles), through the south-western Nether- In Janikowo only one empty shell of M. cartusiana lands and southern Germany, Hungary, southern was found. Its height and width were within the typi- Slovakia and Ukraine, to Crimea (SHILEYKO 1978, cal range of variation of the species (KERNEY et al. KERNEY et al. 1983, ÈEJKA et al. 2007). Further north, 1983, WIKTOR 2004). isolated localities were found in Denmark, northern At the new site in Poznañ, the presence of M. (Mecklenburg) and central (Saxony) Germany, Aus- cartusiana was first noticed on 10 September 2007. tria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland This locality is very distant from the one reported by (LOEK 1956, RIEDEL 1988, BECKMANN 2000, CHOLEWA et al. in 2003. It is situated within the Adam JUØIÈKOVA et al. 2001, WIKTOR 2004, BENKE & Mickiewicz University campus in Morasko, on both RENKER 2005). sides of a newly built bicycle lane which links the cam- In Poland the presence of M. cartusiana was first re- pus with the tram terminus (Fig. 1). M. cartusiana has corded in the 1970s in Wroc³aw, on a neglected dry colonised there ca. 3,000 m2 of wasteland which used meadow (KOSIÑSKA 1973, 1979), which is currently to be an arable field, with two types of plant communi- becoming a built-up area (WIKTOR 2004). In recent ties (Fig. 2). The bicycle lane is directly adjoined on years, new localities of M. cartusiana were found in Po- each side by a relatively narrow (1.5 m) belt of grassland: in the eastern part of Poznañ city (CHOLEWA land, composed of meadow species and ruderals, et al. 2003) and on the hill Wietrznia in Kielce city mainly Trifolium pratense L., T. repens L., Holcus lanatus (GÓRKA 2005). L., Achillea millefolium L., Lolium perenne L., Taraxacum 182 Andrzej Lesicki, El¿bieta Koralewska-Batura

Figs 1–8: 1. Locality of Monacha cartusiana at the university campus in Poznañ (Morasko); 2. Fragment of ruderal grassland at this site of M. cartusiana; 3–4. Crawling individuals of M. cartusiana, whose shells have a brown (or rarely dark red) lip and a white-yellow (or rarely yellow-red) stripe above it; 5. M. cartusiana was frequently seen on vegetation (scale bar 20 mm); 6. Egg batch of M. cartusiana (scale bar 10 mm); 7. Hatching of young snails; 8. Snails on day 5 after hatching (photos J. MUSIA£) Monacha cartusiana becomes more frequent in Poland 183 officinale (Web.) and Plantago maior L., and single container. After two or three days, 17 egg batches specimens of other ruderal species: Artemisia vulgaris were found in the containers. The eggs were spheri- L. and Melilotus albus Med. A much larger area, far- cal, with pearly lustre and 1.7–2.0 mm in diameter. M. ther away from the bicycle lane, is covered by unsta- cartusiana lays batches of 61 to 150 eggs each, on aver- ble, pioneering ruderal vegetation or field weeds in age 110 eggs per batch (Fig. 6). Young snails begin to loose patches, dominated by Echinochloa crus-galli hatch already two weeks after laying. The number of (L.), Apera spica venti (L.), Conyza canadensis (L.), Arte- hatched snails per batch varied. In some batches, only misia vulgaris L., and Setaria glauca (L.). Accom- a few snails hatched. However, juveniles frequently panying species include Chenopodium album L., Daucus hatched from more than 50% of eggs in a batch. The carota L., Atriplex nitens Schkr., Vicia villosa Roth, Tri- hatchlings fed on remnants of eggshells. Earlier- folium arvense L., and Plantago lanceolata L. -hatched individuals were observed to feed on eggs M. cartusiana is quite abundant at that site. We ob- and younger siblings (Figs 7 and 8). served there more than 70 individuals of this species, M. cartusiana was probably accidentally introduced but only three juveniles. Besides, nine empty shells to synanthropic sites where it then formed new popu- were collected. The dominance of adults was prob- lations (KERNEY et al. 1983, WIKTOR 2004). A small ably due to the end of the growing season at that time. horse stud is located near this new site in Poznañ, and Active individuals were observed till 30 October 2007 the bicycle lane to the university campus is a walking (Figs 3–5). They were accompanied by numerous in- route for inhabitants of the large housing estates lo- dividuals of other snail species: Cepaea nemoralis (L.), cated nearby, at the northern limits of the city. The Helicella obvia (Menke), Deroceras reticulatum (O. F. new localities of M. cartusiana confirm the suggestions Müll.) and Deroceras sturanyi (Simroth), and single (BECKMANN 2000, GÓRKA 2005, MIKOVCOVA et al. specimens of Limax maximus L. and Helix pomatia L. 2007) that this species is spreading northwards in Eu- For shell measurements, we caught 33 adult indi- rope. The population found earlier in Poznañ (CHO- viduals of M. cartusiana, whose shells had a brown or LEWA et al. 2003) still persists (KORALEWSKA-BATURA rarely dark red lip and above it a white-yellow (Figs 4 unpublished). The recent new records of M. cartu- and 5) or rarely yellow-red stripe (Fig. 3, right). Adult siana indicate that this species has become a perma- individuals of M. cartusiana were relatively large. nent component of the Polish fauna. Their shell height varied from 9.0 to 12.1 mm, mean 10.8 mm. The mean shell width was 17.4 mm, while its ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS range was 14.5 to 19.7 mm. It must be emphasised that adults of M. cartusiana with shell width of nearly We express out thanks to Prof. MARIA WOJTERSKA, 20 mm have not been reported so far. Usually the di- for help in describing the vegetation at the study site, ameter of M. cartusiana shell is reported as 9–17 mm and to Dr. JÓZEF MUSIA£, who prepared the photo- (KERNEY et al. 1983, WIKTOR 2004). graphic documentation of this study. Out of the group of measured snails, 16 individuals were placed in four containers, four snails per

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