Lectures and Seminars, Hilary Term 2013
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Notes of Michael J. Zeps, SJ
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette History Faculty Research and Publications History Department 1-1-2011 Documents of Baudirektion Wien 1919-1941: Notes of Michael J. Zeps, S.J. Michael J. Zeps S.J. Marquette University, [email protected] Preface While doing research in Vienna for my dissertation on relations between Church and State in Austria between the wars I became intrigued by the outward appearance of the public housing projects put up by Red Vienna at the same time. They seemed to have a martial cast to them not at all restricted to the famous Karl-Marx-Hof so, against advice that I would find nothing, I decided to see what could be found in the archives of the Stadtbauamt to tie the architecture of the program to the civil war of 1934 when the structures became the principal focus of conflict. I found no direct tie anywhere in the documents but uncovered some circumstantial evidence that might be explored in the future. One reason for publishing these notes is to save researchers from the same dead end I ran into. This is not to say no evidence was ever present because there are many missing documents in the sequence which might turn up in the future—there is more than one complaint to be found about staff members taking documents and not returning them—and the socialists who controlled the records had an interest in denying any connection both before and after the civil war. Certain kinds of records are simply not there including assessments of personnel which are in the files of the Magistratsdirektion not accessible to the public and minutes of most meetings within the various Magistrats Abteilungen connected with the program. -
The Importance of Species Interactions in Spatially Explicit Eco-Evolutionary Community Dynamics Under Climate Change
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.003335; this version posted March 25, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The importance of species interactions in spatially explicit eco-evolutionary community dynamics under climate change Anna Åkesson, Alva Curtsdotter, Anna Eklöf, Bo Ebenman, Jon Norberg, György Barabás∗ Abstract Eco-evolutionary dynamics are essential in shaping the biological response of communities to ongoing climate change. Here we develop a spatially explicit eco-evolutionary framework which integrates evolution, dispersal, and species interactions within and between trophic levels. This allows us to analyze how these processes interact to shape species- and community-level dynamics under climate change. Additionally, we incorporate the heretofore unexplored feature that species interactions themselves might change due to increasing temperatures and affect the impact of climate change on ecological communities. The new modeling framework captures previously reported ecological responses to climate change, and also reveals two new key results. First, interactions between trophic levels as well as temperature-dependent competition within a trophic level mitigate the negative impact of climate change on global biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of understanding biotic interactions in shaping climate change impact. Second, using a trait-based perspective, we found a strong negative relationship between the within- community variation in preferred temperatures and the capacity to respond to climate change. Communities resulting from different ecological interaction structures form distinct clusters along this relationship, but varying species’ abilities to disperse and adapt to new temperatures leave it unaffected. -
Dissecting Dispensability
NEWS AND VIEWS Dissecting dispensability Laurence D Hurst & Csaba Pál Like most organisms, yeast has relatively few genes that are necessary for viability. The presence of a duplicate gene elsewhere in the genome underpins many cases of dispensability. A new study suggests that the backup mechanism is more complex than previously assumed and requires feedback loops that ensure transcriptional upregulation of the duplicate. Four-fifths of yeast’s genes are not essential there is no relationship between the degree of The idea that the process involves active for viability1. This preponderance of dis- coexpression and the likelihood that a gene will reprogramming of transcription might lead pensable genes is observed in eukaryotes2,3 be dispensible11. Kafri et al. show that, in yeast, some to suggest that the process might be the and prokaryotes4,5, with only one known most duplicate-associated backup involves product of selection for dispensability. But this exception to date (the intracellular parasite genes that, on average, are not strongly coex- would be too hasty a conclusion. Isozymes are Mycoplasma genitalium)6. Many examples of pressed, do not share many similar 5′ motifs not maintained for key reactions in the meta- apparent dispensability may depend on the (that bind particular transcription factors) bolic network, suggesting that their retention specific conditions under which some genes and diverged from each other a long time ago. is not due to selection7. are required (conditions not normally seen in How can such genes be redundant but not the laboratory)7, but this explanation cannot coexpressed? Feedback loops and upregulation account for all cases. -
Detecting Selection on Noncoding Nucleotide Variation: Methods and Applications
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2015 Detecting Selection on Noncoding Nucleotide Variation: Methods and Applications Yang Ding University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Bioinformatics Commons, Biology Commons, and the Evolution Commons Recommended Citation Ding, Yang, "Detecting Selection on Noncoding Nucleotide Variation: Methods and Applications" (2015). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1687. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1687 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1687 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Detecting Selection on Noncoding Nucleotide Variation: Methods and Applications Abstract There has been a long tradition in molecular evolution to study selective pressures operating at the amino-acid level. But protein-coding variation is not the only level on which molecular adaptations occur, and it is not clear what roles non-coding variation has played in evolutionary history, since they have not yet been systematically explored. In this dissertation I systematically explore several aspects of selective pressures of noncoding nucleotide variation: The first project (Chapter 2) describes research on the determinants of eukaryotic translation dynamics, which include selection on non-coding aspects of DNA variation. Deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments and polysome gradients in various eukaryotic organisms have revealed an intriguing pattern: shorter mRNAs tend to have a greater overall density of ribosomes than longer mRNAs. There is debate about the cause of this trend. To resolve this open question, I systematically analysed 5’ mRNA structure and codon usage patterns in short versus long genes across 100 sequenced eukaryotic genomes. -
100 Years of Genetics
Heredity (2019) 123:1–3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-019-0230-2 EDITORIAL 100 years of genetics Alison Woollard1 Received: 27 April 2019 / Accepted: 28 April 2019 © The Genetics Society 2019 The UK Genetics Society was founded on 25 June 1919 and “biometricians”; the Genetical Society was very much a this special issue of Heredity, a journal owned by the society of Mendelians. Remarkably, 16 of the original 87 Society, celebrates a century of genetics from the perspec- members were women—virtually unknown in scientific tives of nine past (and present) presidents. societies at the time. Saunders was a vice president from its The founding of the Genetical Society (as it was then beginning and its 4th president from 1936–1938. Perhaps known) is often attributed to William Bateson, although it the new, and somewhat radical, ideas of “genetics” pre- was actually the brain child of Edith Saunders. The enthu- sented a rare opportunity for women to engage in research siasm of Saunders to set up a genetics association is cited in because the field lacked recognition in universities, and was the anonymous 1916 report “Botany at the British Asso- therefore less attractive to men. 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: ciation”, Nature, 98, 2456, p. 238. Furthermore, the actual Bateson and Saunders (along with Punnett) were also founding of the Society in 1919 “largely through the energy influential in the field of linkage analysis (“partial coupling” as of Miss E.R Saunders” is reported (anonymously) in they referred to it at the time), having made several observa- “Notes”, Nature, 103, 2596, p. -
A N N U a L R E P O R T 2 0
0 1 0 2 Acknowledgements T R HFSPO is grateful for the support of the following organizations: O P Australia E R National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) L Canada A Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) U Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) N European Union N European Commission - A Directorate General Information Society (DG INFSO) European Commission - Directorate General Research (DG RESEARCH) France Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg (CUS) Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et Européennes (MAEE) Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MESR) Région Alsace Germany Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) India Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology Italy Ministry of Education, University and Research (CNR) Japan Ministry for Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Republic of Korea Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) New Zealand Health Research Council (HRC) Norway Research Council of Norway (RCN) Switzerland State Secretariat for Education and Research (SER) United Kingdom The International Human Frontier Science Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Program Organization (HFSPO) Council (BBSRC) 12 quai Saint Jean - BP 10034 Medical Research Council (MRC) 67080 Strasbourg CEDEX - France Fax. +33 (0)3 88 32 88 97 United States of America e-mail: [email protected] National Institutes of Health (NIH) Web site: www.hfsp.org National Science Foundation (NSF) Japanese web site: http://jhfsp.jsf.or.jp HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM The Human Frontier Science Program is unique, supporting international collaboration to undertake innovative, risky, basic research at the frontiers of the life sciences. -
American University Thesis and Dissertation Template for PC 2016
© COPYRIGHT by Olivia Rettstatt 2019 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BRONCIA KOLLER-PINELL’S MARIETTA, 1907: FACING TRUTH IN THE VIENNA SECESSION BY Olivia Rettstatt ABSTRACT Broncia Koller-Pinell’s Marietta, 1907, an ambitious painting of a female nude, is an outlier within the artist’s oeuvre in terms of both style and genre. This thesis interrogates the painting’s relationship to the canon of Viennese modernism: the work provides an opening-point to consider Koller-Pinell’s relationship to the “Klimt Group,” a faction of artists who in 1905 seceded from the original Secession group, founded in 1897. I argue that Marietta confronts and reinterprets Gustav Klimt’s Nuda Veritas (Naked Truth), 1899, a major icon of the Secession and referent to the nude as a symbol of truth. By questioning the gendering of art and the artist in the Secession, Koller-Pinell pointed directly to the conditions that barred women from full participation in the movement. Further, I discuss the artist’s adaptation of Neo-Byzantine style and Christian iconography in the painting, relating these aspects to religious tensions within Viennese society and to Koller-Pinell’s own identity as a Jewish woman. Lastly, by re- introducing Marietta back into the context of the 1908 Kunstschau alongside Koller-Pinell’s other works, I consider the role gender played in shaping the reception of women’s art. The organizers’ pointed refusal to include Marietta in the exhibition alongside more conventionally “feminine” works by Koller-Pinell illustrates the contradictions within the Secession’s stated aim to break down the borders between art and craft. -
Perspectives
PERSPECTIVES typical mammal5. It was originally thought OPINION that this variation in base composition was arranged in ‘isochores’,large blocks of DNA of homogeneous G+C content that were The evolution of isochores separated by borders of sharp transition (FIG. 1a). In reality, it seems that only some parts of human chromosomes fit this model. The Adam Eyre-Walker and Laurence D. Hurst human major histocompatibility (MHC) locus is a case in point; the MHC class II and One of the most striking features of This large-scale variation in base compo- III regions have consistent G+C contents of mammalian chromosomes is the variation in sition was discovered almost 30 years ago by ~40 and ~52%, respectively, separated by a G+C content that occurs over scales of Bernardi and colleagues4. They separated BOUNDARY of sharp transition (FIG. 1b).But hundreds of kilobases to megabases, the bovine genomic DNA, which had been this picture breaks down in the MHC class I so-called ‘isochore’ structure of the human sheared into large fragments, according to its region, in which G+C content varies genome. This variation in base composition G+C content, by ultracentrifugation, and between 52 and 42% with no obvious struc- affects both coding and non-coding found that there was substantial variation in ture. So, although it is clear that much of the sequences and seems to reflect a its composition. Subsequent studies showed genome does not fit the classic isochore fundamental level of genome organization. that compositional variation was a feature of model, we use the term ‘isochore’ in this However, although we have known about the genomes of both mammals and birds, review to refer generally to large regions of isochores for over 25 years, we still have a and that the G+C content of large (>300-kb) the genome that contain local similarities in poor understanding of why they exist. -
Attachment to Nimbios Annual Report, 2011
2011 Annual Report National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis Reporting Period, September 2010 – August 2011 Submitted to the National Science Foundation, April 2011 Attachment to NIMBioS Annual Report Section A. Year 3 Reporting Period (Sep 1, 2010 – Aug 31, 2011) A-1. NIMBioS Board of Advisors Meeting Summary A-2. Benchmarks for Diversity of Participants and Organizers A-3. Participant Diversity Report, Year 3 A-4. Evaluation Summary Report, Year 3 A-5. Participant List for NIMBioS Events and Activities Section B. Year 2 Reporting Period (Sep 1, 2009 – Aug 31, 2010) B-1. NIMBioS Board of Advisors Meeting Summary B-2. Participant Diversity Report, Year 2 B-3. Evaluation Summary Report, Year 2 Section C. Year 1 Reporting Period (Sep 1, 2008 – Aug 31, 2009) C-1. NIMBioS Board of Advisors Meeting Summary C-2. Evaluation Reports of NIMBioS Activities (Nov 2008 - Mar 2009) Attachment to NIMBioS Annual Report Section A. Year 3 Reporting Period (Sep 1, 2010 – Aug 31, 2011) A-1. NIMBioS Board of Advisors Meeting Summary A-2. Benchmarks for Diversity of Participants and Organizers A-3. Participant Diversity Report, Year 3 A-4. Evaluation Summary Report, Year 3 A-5. Participant List for NIMBioS Events and Activities Summary Report of NIMBioS Advisory Board Meeting held October 11-12, 2010 Submitted by Louis Gross, November 11, 2010 This is a brief summary of the discussions and recommendations made by the Advisory Board during the meetings held from 0830 October 11 to noon on October 12. The agenda for the meeting is included below. One month prior to the meeting information on all requests for support submitted by the September 1, 2010 deadline was provided to the Board via a password-protected link off the NIMBioS website. -
Traces of Trauma in Post-War Polish Photography
Exposing Wounds: Traces of Trauma in Post-War Polish Photography Sabina Gill A thesis submitted for the degree of PhD Department of Philosophy & Art History University of Essex May 2017 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My gratitude must firstly be extended to my supervisor Maggie Iversen, who I increasingly believe must have the patience of a saint. The support from Tate needs acknowledgement, firstly from my supervisor Simon Baker, but also Kasia Redzisz in the Curatorial department, and Nigel Llewellyn and Helen Griffiths in the Research Department, who greatly assisted me in organising a research seminar on Polish photography at Tate Modern in June 2013. My gratitude also extends to all those who participated in the seminar, especially to those who presented papers: Karolina Lewandowska, who co-organised the event, Sylwia Serafinowicz, Marika Kuźmicz, Sarah James, Krzysztof Pijarski, and Chantal Pontbriand. The encouragement and enthusiasm of fellow Collaborative Doctoral Award Students at Tate has also been stimulating. Thank you to Karolina Lewandowska and Rafał Lewandowski, both for the extraordinary access they offered to the archives of the Archaeology of Photography Foundation and Galeria Asymetria in Warsaw for the purposes of my research, but also for their hospitality in welcoming me into their home and sharing their extensive archive of photography magazines. I would like to thank the many Polish artists and curators who have taken the time to discuss the topic of Polish photography with me: Krzysztof Jurecki, Marika Kuzmicz, Adam Mazur, Cezary Piekary, Krzysztof Pijarski, Adam Sobota, Józef Robakowski, and Andrzej Różycki, all of whom have contributed to the content of this thesis. -
Complete Genomes of Two Clinical Staphylococcus Aureus Strains: Evidence for the Rapid Evolution of Virulence and Drug Resistance
Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains: Evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance Matthew T. G. Holden*, Edward J. Feil†, Jodi A. Lindsay‡, Sharon J. Peacock§¶, Nicholas P. J. Day§¶, Mark C. Enright†, Tim J. Fosterʈ, Catrin E. Moore§, Laurence Hurst†, Rebecca Atkin*, Andrew Barron*, Nathalie Bason*, Stephen D. Bentley*, Carol Chillingworth*, Tracey Chillingworth*, Carol Churcher*, Louise Clark*, Craig Corton*, Ann Cronin*, Jon Doggett*, Linda Dowd*, Theresa Feltwell*, Zahra Hance*, Barbara Harris*, Heidi Hauser*, Simon Holroyd*, Kay Jagels*, Keith D. James*, Nicola Lennard*, Alexandra Line*, Rebecca Mayes*, Sharon Moule*, Karen Mungall*, Douglas Ormond*, Michael A. Quail*, Ester Rabbinowitsch*, Kim Rutherford*, Mandy Sanders*, Sarah Sharp*, Mark Simmonds*, Kim Stevens*, Sally Whitehead*, Bart G. Barrell*, Brian G. Spratt**, and Julian Parkhill*†† *The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; †Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, South Building, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; ‡Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom; §Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; ʈDepartment of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and **Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St. Mary’s Hospital, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom Edited by John J. Mekalanos, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and approved May 13, 2004 (received for review April 8, 2004) Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial and community- pounded by the recent emergence of methicillin-resistant S. -
Decision Theory in Conservation Biology: Are There Rules of Thumb?
Decision theory in conservation biology: are there rules of thumb? Application for 1999 NCEAS Centre Fellowship Prof. Hugh Possingham Department of Environmental Science and Management The University of Adelaide Roseworthy SA 5371 AUSTRALIA Summary Ecological theory and complex, often spatially explicit, computer simulations are two ways in which ecologists have attempted to help managers solve conservation problems. Both methods have provided little guidance. Ecological theory is simple enough to be general, but lacks the constraints and trade-offs to be usefully applied in the real world. Complex computer simulations target specific ecosystems and problems (are not general), require many parameters that may be hard to estimate, and the robustness of the ensuing decisions may take years of simulating to evaluate. The primary purpose of this sabbatical will be to use existing work on the application of formal optimisation tools, like stochastic dynamic programming, to develop simple and robust “rules of thumb” for two major conservation problems, disturbance management and metapopulation management. In its grandest sense, I wish to outline a theory of applied conservation biology - something which I believe does not exist. This research proposal arises from an NCEAS working group on population management held in August 1997 (Shea, Mangel and Possingham). Some ancillary projects initiated in the workshop need to be completed. In the July 1998 NCEAS proposal round I will apply for funds to reconvene parts of the population management workshop. My research will be split between the problem described above and tidying up ancillary projects from the working group. Problem Statement In August 1997 the Centre hosted a working group on population management (Shea, Mangel and Possingham).