By .? Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Division Of
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THE'HISTORY OF'SECONDARY EDUCATION IN' SHEFFIELD'1902-39 by ROGER LONGDEN Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Division of Education, University of Sheffield. October 1979 1%vý- S .? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I should like to thank those former-pupils, teachers and Headteachers who have assisted me by supplying oral or written evidence. Above all, I should like to express my thanks to Professor J, P, C. Roach9 Division of Education, University of Sheffield, to whom I am indebted for supervising the research and thesis, C " SUMMARY THE HISTORY OF SECONDARY ' EDUCATION' IN'SHEFFIELD, 1902-39 In 1902 there were only two schools for boys and one for girls which afforded secondary education in Sheffield. On the advice of Michael Sadler the l. e. a. took over and amalgamated the boys' schools to form a first rank grammar school (King Edward's) and converted the Central H#ier Elementary School into a secondary school. Despite the con- tinuing glaring paucity of secondary places no further provision was made before"1918 when one new school for boys and one for girls were opened in converted mansions. In 1927 a further boys' school was instituted but all three had to function in highly unfavourable premises until 1939. Extensions and conversions did little to improve matters but in 1933 the Central Secondary Schools (which had become separate boys' and girls' schools before 1914) were re-housed in purpose-built premises in the suburbs, thus permitting the Pupil-Teacher Centre, which had shared their old, cramped city-centre site, to expand and complete its transformation into a secondary school. During the previous decade, in yet another instance of parsimony, four elementary schools had been converted into Intermediate Schools whose pupils, like their secondary counter-parts were required to take the School Certificate in four years. The pressure on pupils and teachers thus, was, extremely great, yet results in public examinations were above the national average, and the records of the Central_S. S. and King Edward's in sending boys to university were outstanding. The Authority's attitude towards the two Catholic secondary schools was niggardly; and generally it failed to press the cause of secondary education with vigour. However, in 1918 it did take a pioneering step and abolished fees in all its secondary schools except King Edward's, though Whitehall insisted on their re-imposition in the 1930s. (i) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables iii Brief References vi Chapter 1 The Development of Secondary Education in 1 England 1902-39, Chapter 2 The Sadler Reports; Secondary Education '50 in Sheffield 1902-14 Chapter 3 Abbeydale Secondary School for Girls 1918-39 97 Chapter 4 Firth Park Secondary Schools for Boys 1918-39 126 Chapter 5 Nether Edge Secondary School for Boys 1927-39 156 Chapter 6 King Edward VII School 1918-39 177 Chapter 7 The Central Secondary Schools 1918-39 199 Chapter 8 The Pupil-Teacher Centre 226 Chapter 9 The Intermediate Schools 253 Chapter 10 Notre Dame High School for Girls 275 Chapter 11 De La Salle College for Boys 298 Chapter 12 Scholarships, Free Places and Maintenance 322 Allowances= The Entrance Examination Chapter 13 Sheffield; The Authority and Its Teachers 350, 'APPENDICES 'Appendix A Sheffield Scholarships Scheme 1906 390 Appendix B Scholarships, Exhibitions and Bursaries Available 394 in the City of Sheffield and the Number of Schol Scholarship Holders 1919-20, Appendix C School Certificate and Higher School Certificate 395 Results, Sheffield Secondary Schools 1929-36. Appendix D Map Showing the Secondary and Intermediate Schools 396 in Relation to the Functional Areas of the City. (ii) BIBLIOGRAPHY Page Explanatory Note 397 I. PRIMARY SOURCES A. P, R. O. Files 397 B. Statutes 398 C. Government Publications 398 D, Sheffield Education Committee 400 E, Sheffield Local Archives 401 F, High Storrs Archives 401 G, Notre Dame Archives 403 H. Documents Relating to other Schools 403 I, School Magazines 403 J, Oral Evidence and Personal Letters. 404 II. SECONDARY SOURCES A. Books 405 B. Articles, 407 C. Newspapers 408 D, Theses 408 (iii) List 'of Tables Table Page 1.1 Numbers and Percentages of Free Place Pupils: 32 England and Wales 1908.15 1,2 Numbers and Percentages of Free Place Pupils: England and Wales 1915,. 26. 38 1.3 Average School Life Over the Age of Twelve and Average Leaving Age 190825, 34 2,1 Numbers of Higher Secondary Pupils in Sheffield, 1903 56 2,2 Numbers of Pupils in the Lesser Private Schools in Sheffield Offering Some Secondary Education 1903 58 2,3 Board of Education Recognition of the Lesser Private Schools in Sheffield, 1903, 59 2.4 Provision of Secondary School Places in the Areas Investigated by Sadler 1903-6. 64 3,1 School Certificate Results, Abbeydale S. S. for Girls, 1925. 107 4,1 School Certificate Results in Russian, Firth Park S, S, 1928-31. 135 7,1 Average Age of New First., -Year Boys Admitted to the Central Secondary School for Boys, 1918-23. 202 7,2 Central Secondary School for Boys - Position of Boys in Form I in the Christmas Examinations, 1920. 207 8,1 Numbers Entering upon PupilrTeachership Nationally 1906,10, 229 8.2 Ages of Candidates for Sheffield Pupil-Teacher Centre, 1921 242 8,3 Sheffield Pupil., -Teacher Centre/City S. S. - School Certificate Results, 1920-39. 245 8,4 Employment Obtained by Pupils Leaving Sheffield P. T. C. -1934. "and 1935, 248 9,1 School-Certificate Results in Commercial Subjects, Sheffield Intermediate Schools, 1936. 268 (iv) 10.1 Notre Dame H. S, Classes from which Pupils were Drawn, 1907 284 10.2 Note Dame H. S. Leaving and Distribution of Pupils by Age 1907 285 10.3 Numbers of Pupils Exempt Tuition Fees, Notre Dame H. S., 1932.292 10,4 Number of Notre Dame Pupils Taking the First and Second Certificate Examinations, 1928-31.293 10,5 Public Examination Results, Notre Dame H. S. 1927-37 294 11,1 De La Salle College,, School Certificate Results, 1927, "39 314 11,2 School Certificate, Percentage Pass Rates De La 315 Salle College, Firth Park and Nether Edge S. S., 1929-38 11,3 De La Salle College, Higher School Certificate Results 1932,,.38,316 11,4 Principal Careers of Boys who Entered De La Salle College 1923. -39,318 12,1 Sheffield Scholarship Scheme; Estimated Cost of Scholarships, Bursaries, Exhibitions and Free Scholarships, 1906 327 12,2 Expenditure Per Scholar in Sheffield Secondary Schools 1931"-2.333 12,3 Estimated Additional Income to be Received from Tuition Fees 1934-8,335 12,4 Sheffield Education Committee, Estimates of Income from Tuition Fees 1934'38.336 12,5 Sheffield Preliminary Entrance Examination, Percentage Distribution of Candidates by Age 1920.343. 1311 Total Numbers of Full.,, Time Pupils Aged 10-18 in Sheffield Secondary Schools 1912-13 and 1922-23.357 13,2 Bradford, Leeds and Sheffield ^ Total Numbers of Full- Time Pupils in Grant'Listed Secondary Schools 1912 and 1922,358 13.3 Number of Places in Sheffield Secondary Schools 19345 360 (v) Page 13.4 Number of Pupils of Twelve and Over in Secondary Schools on the Grant List in the large Towns in England, expressed per mille of the Population and of the Number of Children in Public Elementary Schools. 1912 & 363 22 13.5 Unemployment in Leeds, Bradford and Sheffield, 1932 and 1934 366 13.6 Some Principal Items of Civic Expenditure, Sheffield, 1912, n38 368 13.7 Principal Items of Expenditure, Sheffield Education Committee 190438 371 13.8 Employment Obtaincd by Pupils who left Sheffield Secondary Schools, Midsummer 1938 379 Graph 13.1 Rate Fund Expenditure on Education in Sheffield 1905., 39,369 (vi) LIST OF BRIEF REFERENCES a). Where a freference is given twice or more within adjacent pages, a brief reference is used without being listed below. b) Where a brief reference is employed more than five times in scattered parts of the thesis, it is listed below. The place of publication is London, unless otherwise stated. O. L. Banks, 'Grammar School' .-O. L. Banks, 'The Concept and Nature of the Grammar School', unpub. Ph. D. thesis, University of London, 1953. J. H. Bingham, Sheff. S. Bd., - J. H. Bingham, The Period of the Sheffield School Board 1870-1902, Sheffield, 1949. B. E., R. S. S. 1904-5 et. seq. - Board of Education, Regulations for Secondary Schools 1904-5 et. seq. B. E., Report for 1903"-4, et. seq. -till 1927 Board of Education, Report of the Board of Education for 1903-4, et. seq. till 1927. B. E., Ed. in 1928, et. 'seq. - Board of Education, Education in 1928, et. seq., till 1939, B, E., Recent Devel., - Board of Education, Some Account of the Recent Development of Secondary Schools in England and Wales, Educational Pamphlet No. 50,1927. H. C. Dent, Sec. Ed. for All, - H. C. Dent, Secondary Education for All, 1949. E. J. R. Eaglesham, Foundations, - E, J, R, Eaglesham, The Foundations of Twentieth Century Education in England, 1967. J. Graves, in Policy and Progress, - J. Graves, Policy and Progress Secondary Education 1902-42,1943. A, M. Kazamias ý A, M. Kazamias,, Politics, Society and Secondary Education in England, Philadelphia, U. S. A., 1966. C. L. Mowat, - C, L. Mowat, Britain'Between the Wars, 1955. B, Simon' Pol. 'Ed. Ref. ý B, Simon, The Politics of Education Reform 1920-1940, 1974. Spens Report; Board of Education of the Consultative Committee on ' Secondary 'Education 'witY er_hnnls and S. D, I. 'Sheffield 'Daily 'Independent later S. I. Sheffield' Independent S. D. T, Sheffield Daily Telegraph later S, T. Sheffield Telegraph (vii) City of Sheffield Education Committee, its Sub-Committees, Sections and Governing Bodies S.