DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

I m p r e s s u Global m histories: a student journal Volume 7, Issue 1 (2021) ISSN: 2366-780X EDITOR Ruby Guyot EDITORIAL BOARD Shayna Allen Charlotte Bracklo Alec Carver Diego Dannemiller Patrick Graves Daniela Greca Daniel Hinchey Lukas Jung Natasha Klimenko Julia Neisser Phoebe Ka Laam Ng Anna Nesterova Henrique Pimenta Gomes Marta Podvolotskaya Sylvia N Roper Joshua Rossetti Aditya Sah Simone Steadman-Gantous Global Histories: a student journal | VI - 2 - 2020 i m u s PUBLISHER INFORMATION SCOPE AND PURPOSE s e r p m I Founded in 2015 by students of the In response to the increasing interest M.A. program Global History at Freie in the ‘global’ as a field of inquiry, Universität Berlin and Humboldt- a perspective, and an approach, Universität zu Berlin, Global Histories Global Histories: A Student Journal is a Berlin based bi-annual journal aims to offer a platform for debate, published in association with the discussion, and intellectual exchange Freie Universität Berlin. for a new generation of scholars with diverse research interests. Global Freie Universität Berlin history can provide an opportunity to Global Histories: A Student move beyond disciplinary boundaries Journal Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut and methodological centrisms, both Koserstraße 20 in time and space. As students of 14195 Berlin global history at Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, our interest lies not in SPONSORS prescribing what global history is and what it is not, but to encourage This journal project is realized collaboration, cooperation, and with generous support from Freie discourse among students seeking to Universität Berlin, specifically from explore new intellectual frontiers. the Center for Global History of the Friedrich-Meinecke-Institut, the OJS e-publishing project at CeDiS, and COPYRIGHT AND PUBLICATION the ZEDAT hostmaster team. DATES All material is published under the PUBLICATION FREQUENCY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International copyright license. The journal is published twice yearly This issue was published in in spring and autumn. Please see the May 2021. website for further details. ii Global Histories: a student journal | VII - 1 - 2021 I m p r PEER REVIEW STATUS AND e s s ETHICS u m This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. All articles which appear in this issue, with the exception of editorial content, were subject to peer review. CONTACT INFORMATION For librarians to submit information or questions about the bibliographic history and publication title, please contact the editor at: admin@ globalhistories.com. For more information, please consult our website www.globalhistories.com or email [email protected]. Global Histories: a student journal | VII - 1 - 2021 iii 1 EDITORIAL LETTER 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 Research articles 8 “ATTRACTING ALL INDIANS UNDER THE PRETEXT OF RELIGION”: DUTCH- INDIGENOUS RELATIONS AND THE MORAVIAN MISSION IN BERBICE (1738-1763) By Marie Keulen 34 MISSION, MEDICINE, AND AGENCY: POWER- STRUCTURES IN MEDICAL MISSIONARY Con-ENCOUNTERS By Jan Becker 56 FACTORIES AGAINST THE CLOCK: TIME- DISCIPLINE AND RESISTANCE IN THE SILK REELING FACTORIES OF BURSA, 1850-1915 By Zeynep Ecem Pulas 78 ENVISIONING (IN)DEPENDENT FILASTIN: THE SYNTHETIC AGE IN BRITISH-RULED PALESTINE By Omri Polatsek 112 CONTESTING IMPERIAL FEMINISMS: THE LIFE OF AN EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY EGYPTIAN ACTIVIST By Bella Ruhl iv Global Histories: a student journal | VII - 1 - 2021 tents 136 MAKING PATAGONIA AN “AUSTRALIAN ARGENTINA” AND MAKING THE AMAZON TIGHTLY BRAZILIAN: DEPICTIONS AND POLITICAL PROJECTS IN ROBERTO PAYRÓ’S AND EUCLIDES DA CUNHA’S TRAVEL WRITINGS (1898, 1904-1905) By José Bento de Oliveira Camassa 162 IN AN ALIEN CITY: AMERICAN SOLDIERS IN WARTIME CALCUTTA (1942-1946) By Suchintan Das 2 Book Reviews 192 THE GLOBAL BOURGEOISIE: THE RISE OF THE Con- MIDDLE CLASSES IN THE AGE OF EMPIRE Reviewed by Simone Steadman-Gantous 198 MANCHURIAN MEMORIES IN POSTWAR JAPAN Reviewed by Chi Ho Kiang 202 ASIAN PLACE, FILIPINO NATION: A GLOBAL INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION, 1887-1912 Reviewed by Charles Brophy 208 DISTRIBUTIVE STRUGGLE AND THE SELF IN THE EARLY MODERN IBERIAN WORLD Reviewed by Lara Wankel & Alina Rodríguez tentsGlobal Histories: a student journal | VII - 1 - 2021 v Dear reader, in Germany has been in At present, the world place since December 2020, remains in a state of great with the universities having instability. Having passed been closed since March the milestone of one year of that same year. For the of COVID-19—and the new cohort of students who rather tragic marker of over arrived—some of whom 3 million reported deaths are now members of our from the virus worldwide— editorial team—they have most of us remain touched been unable to experience by the pandemic. Even the same type of education with the gradual rollout of in global history. Rather, the vaccination campaign, they, like many others, the effort to inoculate and have experimented with prevent further infections has putting the global in digital exposed global inequalities perspective. They have in financing vaccines and in participated actively in video maintaining medical supply seminars, which have come lines. Information campaigns with the unexpected benefit questioning the science of increased accessibility of vaccination have also that in-person events did not proliferated globally, through always entertain; they have vast online networks which engaged tenfold with digital infiltrate even the smallest archives, considering at great of local communities. The length what it means to be a impact of the virus thus historian in an increasingly- continues to be felt by all, digitized age; and, perhaps regardless of one’s place in most importantly, they have the world. practiced creating global What does the communities from the safety pandemic’s continuation and (and occasional boredom) of evolution mean for those their homes, demonstrating of us at work to understand how solidarity can form the global? For academics even amongst conditions of all over, the continuation isolation. of home office and the For our editorial team, restricted access of spaces the continuation of the such as libraries and archives pandemic has brought a have meant readjusting one’s similar reckoning with the expectations and goals. benefits and limitations of In our Global History MA working digitally. While the program here in Berlin, this is challenges of 2021 forced no different: a hard lockdown us to once again cancel Global Histories: a student journal | VI - 2 - 2020 1 the annual Global History by looking at the life of an Student Conference, our Egyptian feminist activist in journal continues in full the early twentieth century, form. This issue features disentangling narratives seven outstanding pieces of Western feminism from of research from students Orientalist assumptions. José of global history, inquiring Bento de Oliveira Camassa in topics ranging from compares and contrasts the colonial settlements to global travel accounts of two Latin labor dynamics to cultural American writers to analyze transfusions. Marie Keulen the colonial discourses begins by examining the role of regions absorbed into of the Moravian mission to Argentina and Brazil at the Berbice, interrogating how turn of the twentieth century. the Dutch colonial officials, Last but certainly not least, the Moravian missionaries, Suchintan Das, using an and the Indigenous abundance of vibrant source populations co-existed in the material, takes a closer look eighteenth-century Atlantic. at the lives of American Jan Becker follows with a G.I.s stationed in World War study of German medical Two Calcutta, illustrating missionaries to twentieth- the differences between century Java, exploring soldiers and locals, as well agency and power relations as white and Black soldiers, with intricate nuance. Zeynep in extensive detail. And in Ecem Pulas engages with addition to these research the theoretical foundations articles, this issue includes of E. P. Thompson to several book reviews, where investigate how female Simone Steadman-Gantous, laborers in the late industrial Chi Ho Kiang, Charles Ottoman Empire utilized Brophy, Lara Wankel, and time-discipline in their Alina Rodríguez provide attempts to gain more valuable commentary on rights. Omri Polatsek uses four recently published an agricultural industry as a texts relevant for the field of jumping off point to explore global history. the global nature of the While we, as many Synthetic Age in British- others, remain saddened by ruled Palestine, along with the limitations imposed on the effects of local actors our ability to engage with the in establishing economic world—both academically nationhood. Bella Ruhl turns and otherwise—we remain colonial dynamics around hopeful that a return to 2 Global Histories: a student journal | VI - 2 - 2020 a safer, happier future is soon on the horizon. Even through the latest round of lockdown blues, we have still found the energy, resolve, and determination to come together, as authors, team members, and readers, to put together a strong, salient collection of global histories. We hope you take some of that strength with you while perusing this issue. With best regards, Ruby Guyot Editor-in-chief Global Histories: a student journal | VI - 2 - 2020 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge the interest and work of all students
Recommended publications
  • Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism: a Meaningful Distinction?

    Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism: a Meaningful Distinction?

    Comparative Studies in Society and History 2021;63(2):280–309. 0010-4175/21 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History doi:10.1017/S0010417521000050 Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism: A Meaningful Distinction? KRISHAN KUMAR University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA It is a mistaken notion that planting of colonies and extending of Empire are necessarily one and the same thing. ———Major John Cartwright, Ten Letters to the Public Advertiser, 20 March–14 April 1774 (in Koebner 1961: 200). There are two ways to conquer a country; the first is to subordinate the inhabitants and govern them directly or indirectly.… The second is to replace the former inhabitants with the conquering race. ———Alexis de Tocqueville (2001[1841]: 61). One can instinctively think of neo-colonialism but there is no such thing as neo-settler colonialism. ———Lorenzo Veracini (2010: 100). WHAT’ S IN A NAME? It is rare in popular usage to distinguish between imperialism and colonialism. They are treated for most intents and purposes as synonyms. The same is true of many scholarly accounts, which move freely between imperialism and colonialism without apparently feeling any discomfort or need to explain themselves. So, for instance, Dane Kennedy defines colonialism as “the imposition by foreign power of direct rule over another people” (2016: 1), which for most people would do very well as a definition of empire, or imperialism. Moreover, he comments that “decolonization did not necessarily Acknowledgments: This paper is a much-revised version of a presentation given many years ago at a seminar on empires organized by Patricia Crone, at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.
  • Imperialism: Materiality and Ideology

    Imperialism: Materiality and Ideology

    Sample chapter from: Mario Liverani, Assyria: e Imperial Mission http://www.eisenbrauns.com/item/LIVASSYRI © Copyright 2017 Eisenbrauns. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Imperialism: Materiality and Ideology It is first of all necessary, or at least convenient, to clarify what is meant by “em- pire”; such a clarification is in turn the basis upon which an analysis of imperialism, or imperial ideology, can proceed. The definition of empire has always been subject to debate, 1 and I hereby limit myself to two traditional definitions. The first is that of John Gilissen: 2 “un état souverain, un territoire relativement vaste, de multiples groupes socio-politiques, une certaine durée, la concentration du pouvoir entre les mains d’une même autorité, généralement monocratique, la tendance à l’hégémonie, voire à l’universalisation.” The second is that of Michael Doyle: 3 “Empire is a rela- tionship, formal or informal, in which one state controls the effective sovereignty of another political society. It can be achieved by force, by political collaboration, by economic, social, or cultural dependence. Imperialism is simply the process of es- tablishing or maintaining an empire.” The first definition includes—and the second omits—what is to my mind the essential prerequisite for any consideration of empire, namely the ideological principle, the “imperial mission”: imperialism as the mission to subjugate, or at least to impose hegemony over, the entirety of the known world. 4 Unfortunately, two opposed but equally superficial tendencies prevail in the com- pilation of lists of empires—one tendency applies the “empire” label widely, while the other restricts its use.
  • Revolutions in the Arab World Political, Social and Humanitarian Aspects

    Revolutions in the Arab World Political, Social and Humanitarian Aspects

    REPORT PREPARED WITHIN FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT EXPANSION OF THE LIBRARY OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT, CO-FUNDED BY EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND REVOLUTIONS IN THE ARAB WORLD POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS RADOSŁAW BANIA, MARTA WOŹNIAK, KRZYSZTOF ZDULSKI OCTOBER 2011 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT OFFICE FOR FOREIGNERS, POLAND DECEMBER 2011 EUROPEJSKI FUNDUSZ NA RZECZ UCHODŹCÓW REPORT PREPARED WITHIN FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT EXPANSION OF THE LIBRARY OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT, CO-FUNDED BY EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND REVOLUTIONS IN THE ARAB WORLD POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS RADOSŁAW BANIA, MARTA WOŹNIAK, KRZYSZTOF ZDULSKI COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT OFFICE FOR FOREIGNERS, POLAND OCTOBER 2011 EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND Revolutions in the Arab World – Political, Social and Humanitarian Aspects Country of Origin Information Unit, Office for Foreigners, 2011 Disclaimer The report at hand is a public document. It has been prepared within the framework of the project “Expansion of the library of Country of Origin Information Unit” no 1/7/2009/EFU, co- funded by the European Refugee Fund. Within the framework of the above mentioned project, COI Unit of the Office for Foreigners commissions reports made by external experts, which present detailed analysis of problems/subjects encountered during refugee/asylum procedures. Information included in these reports originates mainly from publicly available sources, such as monographs published by international, national or non-governmental organizations, press articles and/or different types of Internet materials. In some cases information is based also on experts’ research fieldworks. All the information provided in the report has been researched and evaluated with utmost care.
  • The Future of LAMAT System in Asian Developing Countries: Whether to Eliminate Or Tolerate It? (アジア諸国における LAMAT システムに関する研究) Veng Kheang PHUN 研究員

    The Future of LAMAT System in Asian Developing Countries: Whether to Eliminate Or Tolerate It? (アジア諸国における LAMAT システムに関する研究) Veng Kheang PHUN 研究員

    16：00～16：35 The Future of LAMAT System in Asian Developing Countries: Whether to Eliminate or Tolerate It? (アジア諸国における LAMAT システムに関する研究) Veng Kheang PHUN 研究員 １．Introduction The term “LAMAT” refers to the indigenous ３．Results public transport modes that are Locally Adapted, Results from modal share showed that Bicycle Modified and Advanced for a certain transport taxi, Man-pulled rickshaw and Animal cart have service in a particular city or region. LAMAT been almost disappeared from 11 Asian developing includes all intermediate transport modes between cities. Cycle rickshaws still exist in some cities private vehicles and conventional mass transit, including Dhaka and Cebu, but they have been ranging from non-motorized two-wheelers (bicycle banned from entering the CBDs. Motorized taxi) up to motorized four wheelers (minibus), with LAMAT modes remain active in urban streets, a maximum seating capacity of about 25 passengers. while some cities regulated and prohibited their LAMAT has been proposed and used instead of the operations. Fixed-route LAMAT like microbus and previous term “Paratransit” due to its numerous minibus had high modal share in Jakarta, descriptions found in Asian countries. Ulaanbaatar and Manila. In Phnom Penh, SEM LAMAT plays a significant role in Asian results showed that drivers of Motodops supported developing cities. It provides not only personalized for the public bus service and intended to operate as and flexible transport services to citizens with its feeder mode, but drivers of Remorks did not. A certain service quality and reasonable fare but also more effective regulation (e.g., standard fare, assists the social activities through its service uniform) also showed to encourage the feeder availability and job opportunities for the poor or service of the public bus.
  • Transport in India Transport in the Republic of India Is an Important

    Transport in India Transport in the Republic of India Is an Important

    Transport in India Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's economy. Since theeconomic liberalisation of the 1990s, development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. However, the relatively low GDP of India has meant that access to these modes of transport has not been uniform. Motor vehicle penetration is low with only 13 million cars on thenation's roads.[1] In addition, only around 10% of Indian households own a motorcycle.[2] At the same time, the Automobile industry in India is rapidly growing with an annual production of over 2.6 million vehicles[3] and vehicle volume is expected to rise greatly in the future.[4] In the interim however, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population, and India's public transport systems are among the most heavily utilised in the world.[5] India's rail network is the longest and fourth most heavily used system in the world transporting over 6 billionpassengers and over 350 million tons of freight annually.[5][6] Despite ongoing improvements in the sector, several aspects of the transport sector are still riddled with problems due to outdated infrastructure, lack of investment, corruption and a burgeoning population. The demand for transport infrastructure and services has been rising by around 10% a year[5] with the current infrastructure being unable to meet these growing demands. According to recent estimates by Goldman Sachs, India will need to spend $1.7 Trillion USD on infrastructure projects over the next decade to boost economic growth of which $500 Billion USD is budgeted to be spent during the eleventh Five-year plan.
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Traditionally a Leader Is One “Who Commands Power and Guides Others

    ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Traditionally a Leader Is One “Who Commands Power and Guides Others

    Accountable Leadership. Women’s Empowerment. Youth Development. ANNUAL REPORT 2013 TRADITIONALLY A LEADER IS ONE “WHO COMMANDS POWER AND GUIDES OTHERS. OVER THE YEARS, TIME HAS CHANGED THIS DEFINITION TRANSFORMING THE TRADITIONAL ROLE OF THE LEADER. LEADERSHIP IS NO LONGER JUST A POSITION, IT IS A MINDSET. WHEN LEADERS SEE A NEED FOR CHANGE THEY HAVE TO BE ABLE TO TAKE ACTION. LEADERS HAVE TO TURN THEIR TALENT, KNOWLEDGE AND IDEAS INTO CONSTRUCTIVE STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS SOCIAL POLITICAL AND HUMANITARIAN ISSUES OF ALL KINDS. ” H.E. Mr Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser High Representative for the UN Alliance of Civilizations 2 Accountable Leadership. Women’s Empowerment. Youth Development. Under the auspices of the Municipality of Athens LEADERSHIP & COLLABORATION ATHENS, GREECE - DECEMBER 3 & 4 2013 In association with GLOBAL THINKERS FORUM WAS BORN WITH A VISION AND A MISSION: TO FOSTER POSITIVE “CHANGE AND HELP OUR WORLD BECOME A BETTER PLACE BY NURTURING THE NEW GEN- ” ERATION OF LEADERS. THE SPACE THAT GTF HAS SO SUCCESSFULLY CREATED AS A TRULY PROLIFIC AND DIVERSE FORUM… IS A PLACE WHERE LEADERS CAN COME TOGETHER, SHARE THEIR STORIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS, COLLABO- RATE, AND POINT TOWARDS THE FUTURE. IT IS A PLACE WHERE WE GENERATE NEW KNOWL- EDGE AND WE PASS THIS NEW KNOWLEDGE TO THE YOUNGER GENERATIONS. Elizabeth Filippouli Founder & CEO Global Thinkers Forum ” 3 GLOBAL THINKERS FORUM 2013 ‘LEADERSHIP & COLLABORATION’ A very timely conversation around leadership in a changing world took place in Athens, Greece in the beginning of December. Global Thinkers Forum organized its annual event and the GTF 2013 Awards for Excellence under the theme ‘Leadership & Collaboration’ convening over 30 leaders and thought leaders from 18 countries to discuss leadership, ethics, collaboration & cross-cultural understanding.
  • Graduate Center. Spring 2018. PH.D. PROGRAM in HISTORY and MA In

    Graduate Center. Spring 2018. PH.D. PROGRAM in HISTORY and MA In

    City University of New York – Graduate Center. Spring 2018. PH.D. PROGRAM IN HISTORY and M.A in Middle Eastern Studies at the CUNY Middle East and Middle East American Center (MEMEAC). Room:. Course Number: Hist. 88110/MES 73500 Mondays: 6:30 – 8:30 PM. Course Teacher: Simon Davis, [email protected] Office Phone: (718) 289 5677. Modern Imperialism and the Making of the Modern Middle East. This course surveys how interaction with increasingly influential foreign interests, and responses to them, both assimilative and resistant, shaped leading currents in Middle Eastern experience from the late eighteenth century onwards. Themes include imperialism in historical interpretation, perceptions and framings of the region, forms of political, economic, cultural and social change, and in Middle Eastern intra-regional, international and global relations. Each session will feature a discussion on a theme preceded by suggested readings from course texts, related published documents, and specialized scholarly journal articles assigned for discussions on each topic. Students will each complete a research essay chosen from a number of given titles and reading lists, a number of smaller critical exercises and a final examination. Course texts: The following are suggested as empirical companion-primers. Each has its own style and emphases. Cleveland, William, A History of the Modern Middle East, (Boulder, CO; Westview, 2008). Topically wide-ranging, touches usefully on most relevant topics, but is a little woolly on evidentiary specifics, despite its length. [ISBN – 13 9780813340487] Gelvin, James, The Modern Middle East: A History. (Oxford; Oxford U.P., 2008). Accessible, concise, breezy introduction to most principal discussion points, but colloquial, beyond academic limits of acceptability at times.
  • Roshwald on Berger and Miller, 'Nationalizing Empires'

    Roshwald on Berger and Miller, 'Nationalizing Empires'

    H-Nationalism Roshwald on Berger and Miller, 'Nationalizing Empires' Review published on Friday, January 15, 2016 Stefan Berger, Alexei Miller, eds. Nationalizing Empires. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2014. 700 pp. $85.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-963-386-016-8. Reviewed by Aviel Roshwald (Georgetown University) Published on H-Nationalism (January, 2016) Commissioned by Cristian Cercel Until a few years ago, many of us inhabited a historical universe that seemed neatly divided among an imperial past, a national present, and a supra-national future. The decolonization of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa in the postwar decades appeared as the climax of a global paradigm shift that had begun with the American Revolution and that was to come to a successful conclusion with the 1989 collapse of the Soviet Union’s informal empire in Eastern Europe, followed two years later by the disintegration of the USSR itself into its constituent national republics. The excesses and dangers of nationalism, in turn, would be contained and offset by the general effects of economic and cultural globalization and by the development of supra-national structures, norms, and relationships such as those institutionalized in the European Union. Any hopes we might have had of a grand historical dialectic between the universal and the particular achieving final resolution in a post-Cold War, liberal-internationalist synthesis have since been thoroughly dashed. Today we live in an era in which Russia is challenging post-1991 borders in Europe, China is laying claim to the South China Sea while the United States “pivots” to Asia, jihadists are aspiring to replace the nation-state with a caliphate in the Islamic world, and the great and middle-ranking powers of the Euro-Atlantic zone are drawn into a seemingly never-ending series of military interventions in areas of the world where what once were considered nation-states have partly or utterly collapsed—in some cases under the impact of those very military interventions.
  • PDF Download Lonely Planet India

    PDF Download Lonely Planet India

    LONELY PLANET INDIA PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lonely Planet,Sarina Singh,Michael Benanav,Abigail Blasi,Paul Clammer,Mark Elliott,Paul Harding,Anirban Mahapatra,John Noble,Kevin Raub | 1248 pages | 30 Oct 2015 | Lonely Planet Publications Ltd | 9781743216767 | English | Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia Lonely Planet India PDF Book Comprehensive travel insurance to cover theft, loss and medical problems as well as air evacuation is strongly recommended. Browse by continent Asia. Industry newcomer Jio the first mobile network to run entirely on 4G data technology; www. Javascript is not enabled in your browser. With its sumptuous mix of traditions, spiritual beliefs, festivals, architecture and landscapes, your memories of India will blaze bright long after you've left its shores. New Releases. German: Delhi , Kolkata , Mumbai , Chennai. If it feels wrong, trust your instincts. Flash photography may be prohibited in certain areas of a shrine or historical monument, or may not be permitted at all. Roaming connections are excellent in urban areas, poor in the countryside and the Himalaya. Lonely Planet is your passport to India, with amazing travel experiences and the best planning advice. Reputable organisations will insist on safety checks for adults working with children. Don't expect to find these items readily available. Many people deal with an on-the-spot fine by just paying it, to avoid trumped-up charges. The Travel Kitchen: Chennai Chicken Best of Ireland travel guide - 3rd edition Guidebook. The standard of toilet facilities varies enormously across the country. As well as international organisations, local charities and NGOs often have opportunities, though it can be harder to assess the work that these organisations are doing.
  • Rickshaw Art in Bangladesh

    Rickshaw Art in Bangladesh

    76 MIMAR 39 RICKSHAW ART IN BANGLADESH New buildings in Dhaka sometimes find their way onto the back of a rickshaw before the front of a postcard. Tom Learmonth describes the plethora of images that constitute Dhaka's traffic art. he cycle rickshaw is the pre­ dominant means of transport T in Bangladesh. It provides personal transport at a price determined not by the enormous cost of imported oil but by the barely subsistence level of wages of the landless poor. It thus makes use of Bangladesh's most abundant resource, her people. Two thirds of Dhaka's traffic is made up of an estimated 150,000 rickshaws. There are thought to be around a million in the country despite periodic attempts to limit them by governments embarrassed by what they see as a sign of backwardness. The quality of life for the drivers - still known as rickshaw pullers although the hand pulled version has now disappeared - is poor. Few live beyond 40, yet their earnings are far higher than the agricultural wages they left behind in the villages. Often they are supporting families left behind. In Dhaka they are relatively well-off in the hierarchy of the urban poor. The machines they struggle to pedal, with two passengers or a heavy goods load aboard, evolved from the hand pulled rickshaw design coupled to the 1900s English policeman's bicycle, which is still manufactured by the million in India and China. The rickshaws are A main thoroughfare in Old Dhaka the rickshaw. They are paid by the assembled piece by piece in specialized showing a typical ratio oj rickshaws to rickshaw owners, almost entirely middle­ workshops in the cities.
  • Concerns Over Visibility, Gender Equity and Diversity at BBC Arabic World Service

    Concerns Over Visibility, Gender Equity and Diversity at BBC Arabic World Service

    Concerns over Visibility, Gender Equity and Diversity at BBC Arabic World Service Concerns over Gender Equality and Diversity on BBC Arabic Journalism Shows By Iqbal Tamimi Director of Arab Women Media Watch Centre in the UK Email: [email protected] Bristol-UK Iqbal Tamimi Page 1 Concerns over Visibility, Gender Equity and Diversity at BBC Arabic World Service Concerns over Gender Equality and Diversity on BBC Arabic Journalism Shows-------------------------Page Content---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Key Words-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Women’s credibility in the news --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Arab women journalists on Arab news channels------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Launch of BBC World Arabic Television Service---------------------------------------------------------------------11 BBC Diversity Strategy 2011-15-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 BBC Arabic World Service: Gender Equity Concerns---------------------------------------------------------------14
  • Probike/Prowalk Florida City Comes up with the Right Answers Florida Bike Summit Brought Advocacy to Lawmakers' Door

    Probike/Prowalk Florida City Comes up with the Right Answers Florida Bike Summit Brought Advocacy to Lawmakers' Door

    Vol. 13, No. 2 Spring 2010 OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE FLORIDA BICYCLE ASSOCIATION, INC. Reviewing the April 8 event. Florida Bike Summit brought Lakeland: ProBike/ProWalk advocacy to lawmakers’ doorstep Florida city comes up with the right answers by Laura Hallam, FBA Executive Director photos: by Herb Hiller Yes, yes, yes and no. Woman’s Club, Lakeland Chamber of Keri Keri Caffrey Four answers to four questions you may be Commerce, fine houses and historical mark- asking: ers that celebrate the good sense of people 1. Shall I attend ProBike/ProWalk Florida who, starting 125 years ago, settled this rail- in May? road town. 2. Shall I come early and/or stay in I might add about those people who settled Lakeland after the conference? Lakeland that they also had the good fortune 3. Is Lakeland not only the most beautiful of having Publix headquarter its enterprise mid-sized city in Florida but also, rare here, so that subsequent generations of among cities of any size, year by year get- Jenkins folk could endow gardens, children’s ting better? play areas and everything else that makes photos: Courtesy of Central Visitor Florida & Bureau Convention Above: Kathryn Moore, Executive Director embers of FBA from of the So. Fla. Bike Coalition (right), works around the state gath- the FBA booth. Below: Representative ered with Bike Florida Adam Fetterman takes the podium. at the Capitol for the 2nd annual Florida Bike Summit. Modeled after the high- ly successful National PAID Bike Summit that recently NONPROFIT U.S. POSTAGE POSTAGE U.S. PERMIT No.