DOCSLIB.ORG

Unveiling the Truth-Proof-With Annex.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Unveiling the Truth-Proof-With Annex.Indd AT HOME IN EUROPE Unveiling the Truth Why 32 Muslim Women Wear the Full-face Veil in France Unveiling the Truth Why 32 Muslim Women Wear the Full-face Veil in France At Home in Europe Project Copyright © 2011 Open Society Foundations. All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this report or portions thereof in any form. Open Society Foundations 400 West 59th Street New York, NY 10019 USA www.soros.org Október 6 Street 12 H–1051 Budapest, Hungary 100 Cambridge Grove W6 0LE London, United Kingdom At Home in Europe Project Open Society Foundations Website www.soros.org/initiatives/home Cover design by Dennis Ahlgrim l Ahlgrim Design Group Cover photograph by Naima Bouteldja Layout by Judit Kovács l Createch Ltd. l Hungary Contents Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 7 Definitions 9 1. Key Findings 11 2. Introduction 19 3. Methodology 23 4. French Political Content and History of Legislation on the Full-face Veil 27 5. Wearing the Full-face Veil 35 6. Influences and/or Coercion 47 7. How the Women Respond to Insults and Abuse 65 8. The Question of Identity 71 9. Wearing the Full-face Veil Once the Law Is Implemented 73 10. Conclusion 75 Annex 77 3 Foreword Unveiling the Truth: Why 32 Women Wear the Full-face Veil in France examines an issue causing considerable debate and controversy throughout Europe: the relationship between religion and European identity or, more succinctly, Islam’s compatibility with European values. The report offers the views of 32 women across France who wear the full-face veil, their reasons for doing so, and their experiences in public before and after the debate over banning the veil. It is an attempt to distinguish the real-life experiences and perspectives of the women who wear the veil from the popular myths and misperceptions promulgated by the media and national figures. A central belief of the Open Society Foundations is that all people in an open society count equally and should enjoy equal opportunities. The Foundations work to mitigate discrimination, in particular harm done to minorities through discriminatory treatment, and to ensure that access to equal opportunities for all is an integral part of government social inclusion policies. The At Home in Europe project of the Open Society Foundations focuses on research and advocacy activities that examine the position of minority and marginalised groups in a changing Europe. Through its research and engagement with policymakers, civil society, and communities, the project explores issues involving the political, social, economic, and cultural participation of Muslims and other groups at the local, national, and European levels. Whether citizens or migrants, native born or newly arrived, Muslims are a growing and varied population that presents Europe with one of its greatest challenges: how to ensure equal opportunities and demonstrate its principles of religious plurality and liberal 5 values in an environment of rapidly expanding diversity. Europe is no longer—if it ever was—a mono-cultural and mono-faith continent: its emerging minority groups and their identities as Europeans are an essential part of the political agenda and discourse. Since 2009, the project has issued a series of reports, entitled “Muslims in EU cit- ies”, that examine city and municipal policies in 11 European Union cities that have actively sought to understand their Muslim communities. The aim of the At Home in Europe research is to contribute to better informed policies and debate on diversity and equality in Europe. The At Home in Europe project builds upon the Open Society Foundations’ ear- lier work on minority protection, in particular the EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program reports on the situation of minorities, including Muslims, in France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Previous and current studies make it clear that further research is needed. The limited data currently available on Europe’s Muslim and other minority groups limits the possibilities for creating nuanced, specific policies that address social integration and other relevant issues for minority groups in Europe. 6 FOREW ORD Acknowledgements This report has been prepared by the At Home in Europe project of the Open Society Foun- dations in cooperation with a number of individuals who invested their time and effort into this publication. We are deeply grateful to Naima Bouteldja who was the researcher and writer of this report. Since October 2010, she has worked with tireless dedication identifying and interviewing the women at the heart of this report and analysing and writing up their testimonies and experiences. Her continuous support and expertise has been invaluable. Fatima Ali transcribed the interviews in French and Robin Virgin reviewed drafts of the report and offered comments. Sincere thanks are offered to both. Thanks are offered to our colleagues at the Office of Communications in New York who have been extremely supportive in their editorial and communications capacity. Finally, this report would not have been possible without the 32 women who agreed to be interviewed across France, including in Paris, Marseille, Lyon, and the smaller towns of Avignon and Rennes. Their personal stories, told with determination and openness, offer a rarely seen view and insight into their daily lives and experiences. Their names in the report are pseudonyms in order to protect their privacy and safety. The At Home in Europe project bears sole responsibility for the content of this report, including any errors or misrepresentations. 7 Definitions Burqa/burkha, is a loose outer garment that covers the entire body, including the face and eyes. It has a mesh screen covering the eyes and is similar to the seetar/sitar; the purpose of both is to veil a woman’s entire body and face in public. Respondents in this report associated the burqa/burkha with Afghanistan and the seetar/sitar with the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia. Hijab is the Arabic word for curtain or cover. It is a piece of cloth worn by observant Muslim women to cover the hair, ears, and neck, leaving the face uncovered. Khimar/keemar is similar to the hijab but can also be a covering that starts from the head and stops at the waist. Jilbab/jelbab (sometimes know as an abaya) has the appearance of a long loose-fitting coat that covers the whole body except the face. Niqab is a veil that covers a woman’s hair and face, leaving only the eyes clearly visible. There are different ways of wearing the niqab but the great majority of the women inter- viewed for this report wear a black jilbab with a black niqab to cover their faces. One inter- viewee wore a long, loose outer coat with a hijab and a white niqab covering her face. Quran, also written as Koran and Qur’an, is the religious text of Islam. 9 Salafism is a form of Islam whose followers advocate a literal interpretation of the Quran. Wahabbism, which was developed by the 18th-century theologian Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab in current Saudi Arabia is one of the most well-known forms of Salafism. In the current context, followers of Salafism have been portrayed as anti-Western extremists. Seetar/sitar, a similar garment to the burqa/burkha, includes a niqab with a second tier screening the eyes with mesh. It covers the woman’s whole body and is usually black in colour. Sunna, also spelled sunnah, means “habit” or “practice” and refers to the sayings and prac- tices of the Prophet Muhammed. Reports and narrations about the sunna are known as the hadith. Touareg, or Tuareg are a nomadic people inhabiting the Saharan region of North Africa who speak a Berber language. Ummah is an Arabic word meaning “community” or “nation”. In the context of Islam, it refers to all Muslims in the world under the umbrella of the ummah or “community of believers”. 10 DE F INITIONS 1. Key Findings The aim of this report is to distinguish myths and misrepresentations surrounding women who wear the full-face veil from the actual experiences and testimonies of the women themselves. Unveiling the Truth reports on women’s backgrounds, their decisions to wear the veil, their daily experiences in public, and their views on legislation banning the face veil in France, which comes into effect on 11 April 2011. The study is based on the testimonies of 32 women who live in Paris and its environs (Région Île-de-France), Marseille, Lyon, Avignon, Rennes, and smaller provincial towns. These locations were chosen in an effort to draw a sample that represented a diverse cross- section of France from the north to the south, from the large urban areas to smaller villages, and from places with large established Muslim communities to ones with very few. Regard- less of the limited size of the sample, the individual experiences recorded in this report are important for a better understanding of why some Muslim women choose to wear the full-face veil—in France a subject of much public debate that, until now, has marginalised the voices of Muslim women who actually wear the veil. Ascertaining the number of women who wear the full-face veil in France is problem- atic. If one accepts an official estimate of 1,900 women, the report’s sample would represent 1.7 percent of the total. The official statistic, however, should be treated with some caution as the only two figures produced by government sources and circulated in the press range from less than 400 to fewer than 2,000.1 Given the highly contentious political nature of 1. The second figure includes women in French overseas territories (estimated at 300). But despite this, the disparity between the two figures remains substantial.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Revolutions in the Arab World Political, Social and Humanitarian Aspects
    REPORT PREPARED WITHIN FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT EXPANSION OF THE LIBRARY OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT, CO-FUNDED BY EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND REVOLUTIONS IN THE ARAB WORLD POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS RADOSŁAW BANIA, MARTA WOŹNIAK, KRZYSZTOF ZDULSKI OCTOBER 2011 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT OFFICE FOR FOREIGNERS, POLAND DECEMBER 2011 EUROPEJSKI FUNDUSZ NA RZECZ UCHODŹCÓW REPORT PREPARED WITHIN FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT EXPANSION OF THE LIBRARY OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT, CO-FUNDED BY EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND REVOLUTIONS IN THE ARAB WORLD POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS RADOSŁAW BANIA, MARTA WOŹNIAK, KRZYSZTOF ZDULSKI COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT OFFICE FOR FOREIGNERS, POLAND OCTOBER 2011 EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND Revolutions in the Arab World – Political, Social and Humanitarian Aspects Country of Origin Information Unit, Office for Foreigners, 2011 Disclaimer The report at hand is a public document. It has been prepared within the framework of the project “Expansion of the library of Country of Origin Information Unit” no 1/7/2009/EFU, co- funded by the European Refugee Fund. Within the framework of the above mentioned project, COI Unit of the Office for Foreigners commissions reports made by external experts, which present detailed analysis of problems/subjects encountered during refugee/asylum procedures. Information included in these reports originates mainly from publicly available sources, such as monographs published by international, national or non-governmental organizations, press articles and/or different types of Internet materials. In some cases information is based also on experts’ research fieldworks. All the information provided in the report has been researched and evaluated with utmost care.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Traditionally a Leader Is One “Who Commands Power and Guides Others
    Accountable Leadership. Women’s Empowerment. Youth Development. ANNUAL REPORT 2013 TRADITIONALLY A LEADER IS ONE “WHO COMMANDS POWER AND GUIDES OTHERS. OVER THE YEARS, TIME HAS CHANGED THIS DEFINITION TRANSFORMING THE TRADITIONAL ROLE OF THE LEADER. LEADERSHIP IS NO LONGER JUST A POSITION, IT IS A MINDSET. WHEN LEADERS SEE A NEED FOR CHANGE THEY HAVE TO BE ABLE TO TAKE ACTION. LEADERS HAVE TO TURN THEIR TALENT, KNOWLEDGE AND IDEAS INTO CONSTRUCTIVE STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS SOCIAL POLITICAL AND HUMANITARIAN ISSUES OF ALL KINDS. ” H.E. Mr Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser High Representative for the UN Alliance of Civilizations 2 Accountable Leadership. Women’s Empowerment. Youth Development. Under the auspices of the Municipality of Athens LEADERSHIP & COLLABORATION ATHENS, GREECE - DECEMBER 3 & 4 2013 In association with GLOBAL THINKERS FORUM WAS BORN WITH A VISION AND A MISSION: TO FOSTER POSITIVE “CHANGE AND HELP OUR WORLD BECOME A BETTER PLACE BY NURTURING THE NEW GEN- ” ERATION OF LEADERS. THE SPACE THAT GTF HAS SO SUCCESSFULLY CREATED AS A TRULY PROLIFIC AND DIVERSE FORUM… IS A PLACE WHERE LEADERS CAN COME TOGETHER, SHARE THEIR STORIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS, COLLABO- RATE, AND POINT TOWARDS THE FUTURE. IT IS A PLACE WHERE WE GENERATE NEW KNOWL- EDGE AND WE PASS THIS NEW KNOWLEDGE TO THE YOUNGER GENERATIONS. Elizabeth Filippouli Founder & CEO Global Thinkers Forum ” 3 GLOBAL THINKERS FORUM 2013 ‘LEADERSHIP & COLLABORATION’ A very timely conversation around leadership in a changing world took place in Athens, Greece in the beginning of December. Global Thinkers Forum organized its annual event and the GTF 2013 Awards for Excellence under the theme ‘Leadership & Collaboration’ convening over 30 leaders and thought leaders from 18 countries to discuss leadership, ethics, collaboration & cross-cultural understanding.
    [Show full text]
  • Concerns Over Visibility, Gender Equity and Diversity at BBC Arabic World Service
    Concerns over Visibility, Gender Equity and Diversity at BBC Arabic World Service Concerns over Gender Equality and Diversity on BBC Arabic Journalism Shows By Iqbal Tamimi Director of Arab Women Media Watch Centre in the UK Email: [email protected] Bristol-UK Iqbal Tamimi Page 1 Concerns over Visibility, Gender Equity and Diversity at BBC Arabic World Service Concerns over Gender Equality and Diversity on BBC Arabic Journalism Shows-------------------------Page Content---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Key Words-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Women’s credibility in the news --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Arab women journalists on Arab news channels------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Launch of BBC World Arabic Television Service---------------------------------------------------------------------11 BBC Diversity Strategy 2011-15-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 BBC Arabic World Service: Gender Equity Concerns---------------------------------------------------------------14
    [Show full text]
  • The Road Ahead
    The Road Ahead A Christian–Muslim Dialogue A record of the seminar ‘Building Bridges’ held at Lambeth Palace, 17–18 January 2002 Edited by Michael Ipgrave Church House Publishing Church House, Great Smith Street, London SW1P 3NZ ISBN 0 7151 5002 2 GS Misc 672 Published 2002 by Church House Publishing Compilation Copyright © The Archbishops’ Council 2002 All papers and responses are Copyright © individual authors 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored or transmitted by any means or in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission which should be sought from the Copyright and Contracts Administrator, The Archbishops’ Council, Church House, Great Smith Street, London SW1P 3NZ. (Tel: 020 7898 1557; Fax: 020 7898 1449; [email protected]). Cover design by Church House Publishing Typeset in Stone Serif 10pt Printed by The Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Wiltshire Contents Participants in the Christian–Muslim seminar at Lambeth Palace 17–18 January 2002 v Introducing the seminar vii The Most Revd and Rt Hon. Dr George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury ix His Royal Highness Prince El Hassan bin Talal of Jordan xi The Rt Hon. Tony Blair, The Prime Minister xiv Editorial preface Michael Ipgrave xvii Acknowledgements xviii Building bridges between Christians and Muslims 1 Chapter 1 Christians and Muslims face to face 4 Chapter 2 Learning from history 25 Chapter 3 Communities of faith 48 Chapter 4 Faith and
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Statements Against the Terrorism of 9/11
    Islamic Statements Against the Terrorism of 9/11 Mustafa Mashhur, General Guide, Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt; Qazi Hussain Ahmed, Ameer, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Pakistan; Muti Rahman Nizami, Ameer, Jamaat- e-Islami Bangladesh, Bangladesh; Shaykh Ahmad Yassin, Founder, Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas), Palestine; Rashid Ghannoushi, President, Nahda Renaissance Movement, Tunisia; Fazil Nour, President, PAS - Parti Islam SeMalaysia, Malaysia; and 40 other Muslim scholars and politicians: “The undersigned, leaders of Islamic movements, are horrified by the events of Tuesday 11 September 2001 in the United States which resulted in massive killing, destruction and attack on innocent lives. We express our deepest sympathies and sorrow. We condemn, in the strongest terms, the incidents, which are against all human and Islamic norms. This is grounded in the Noble Laws of Islam which forbid all forms of attacks on innocents. God Almighty says in the Holy Qur'an: 'No bearer of burdens can bear the burden of another' (Surah al-Isra 17:15).” MSANews, September 14, 2001, http://msanews.mynet.net/MSANEWS/200109/20010917.15.html; Arabic original in al-Quds al-Arabi (London), September 14, 2001, p. 2, http://www.alquds.co.uk/Alquds/2001/09Sep/14%20Sep%20Fri/Quds02.pdf Shaykh Yusuf Qaradawi, Qatar; Tariq Bishri, Egypt; Muhammad S. Awwa, Egypt; Fahmi Huwaydi, Egypt; Haytham Khayyat, Syria; Shaykh Taha Jabir al-Alwani, U.S.: “All Muslims ought to be united against all those who terrorize the innocents, and those who permit the killing of non-combatants without a justifiable reason. Islam has declared the spilling of blood and the destruction of property as absolute prohibitions until the Day of Judgment.
    [Show full text]
  • Older People Strategy
    86 The search for common ground Muslims, non-Muslims and the UK media A report commissioned by the Mayor of London 87 88 The search for common ground Muslims, non-Muslims and the UK media 89 Copyright Greater London Authority November 2007 Published by Greater London Authority City Hall The Queen’s Walk More London London SE1 2AA Enquiries 020 7983 4100 Minicom 020 7983 4458 www.london.gov.uk ISBN: 978 1 84781 054 0 The views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the Mayor of London or the Greater London Authority. While every effort is made to ensure that the information contained in this report is correct, no responsibility for errors or omissions can be accepted. Whilst the Greater London Authority has taken all reasonable steps to avoid the infringement of third party copyright and to seek necessary consent where applicable, the Greater London Authority would like to apologise in advance for any unintentional and/or accidental infringements that may occur. Affected parties are requested to contact the Greater London Authority as soon as possible upon suspicion of infringement in order that remedial steps can be put in place. The search for common ground Muslims, non-Muslims and the UK media v 90 Contents List of tables and boxes vii Acknowledgements ix Foreword by Ken Livingstone, the Mayor of London xi Executive summary xiii Introduction 1 Common ground? – issues, concerns and opinions 1 Studies and stories 2 A normal week? – threats and crises in Britain and the world 17 3 ‘Britishness is being destroyed’ – worries
    [Show full text]
  • Producing the Muslim Woman in Public and Policy Discourse in the UK
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Veiled Threats: Producing the Muslim Woman in Public and Policy Discourse in the UK Naaz Fouzia Rashid A thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, March 2013 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 74,716 words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help (if applicable) I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Howard J Doble. 2 Abstract This thesis looks at how ‘the Muslim woman’ is produced in social policy discourses in the UK. It is a qualitative study based on interviews, observation and interpretive analysis of policy material. It focuses specifically on initiatives to empower Muslim women in order to combat terrorism which formed part of the UK’s Preventing Violent Extremism Agenda (Prevent).
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim Education and Interfaith Understanding: the Case of the Muslim College in the United Kingdom
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 115 3rd International Conferences on Education in Muslim Society (ICEMS 2017) Muslim Education and Interfaith Understanding: The Case of the Muslim College in the United Kingdom Suwitoa, Yusuf Rahmana, Izza Rohmanb a Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, Jl. Ir. H. Djuanda 95, Ciputat, Indonesia bUniversitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jl. Limau 2, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] Abstract In a multicultural society, Islamic education that is conscious of the need for creating social harmony across faiths and denominations has more to offer than confessional education in Islamic seminaries and secular universities’ critically approached by Islamic studies. Muslim higher educations in the United Kingdom have clearly reflected their awareness of the importance of interfaith and intrafaith understanding in many aspects, and thereby increase their capability to enhance the career prospects of their students while giving them a sense of piety and criticality at the same time. This research challenges some assumptions that Muslim education in a secular country is more driven by Muslims’ responses to the secular, modern world; and that Muslim education in a non-Muslim majority country is shaped more by majority-minority dynamics; and that Muslim education in the West is oriented more toward missionary objectives. On the other hand, this research strengthens the notion that Muslim education in the modern world is guided more by the need to establish relevance in education. This study, which combines both library and field research methods, finds that higher education institutions run by Muslims in the United Kingdom have consciously offered their students with curriculum, resources, and educational environment that are friendly to diversity of faiths and diversity within Islam in an attempt to make their skills and knowledge relevant to multicultural British society.
    [Show full text]
  • Association of Muslim Social Scientists (UK) Buy the Book Or Download the Book: Index.Html Isbn 0-86355-569-1 Price: £5.00
    ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION OF OF MUSLIM MUSLIM SOCIALSOCIAL SCIENTISTS SCIENTISTS (UK) (UK) NEWSLETTER issue no.7 • 2006 Islam in Higher Education Conference Highlights Issue of Teaching Islam in Higher Education Long Before Government Orders a Report on the Subject Established orientalist notions of what consti- Significantly, this jointly organised tutes Islamic scholarship have largely remained Conference by AMSS and its part- ners was held more than a year unchallenged. The emergence of neo-orientalism before the government and MP Bill and phenomenological approaches are two ways Rammell’s, Minister of Education, call for a review of the teaching of in which exciting ideas are being adapted, and university Islamic courses. The government has commissioned a in some cases, challenged. Abdul-Rehman Malik report on this issue to ensure that religious oriented courses are not organised by amss (uk), the centre restricted to narrow interpreta- for the study of islam and chris- tions. Although the conference tian-muslim relations (birming- sought to highlight and examine ham university) and the higher education academy subject centre the complexities of the teaching of for philosophical and religious Islam and other related issues, invi- studies, 29-30 january 2005, at the tations to the civil service, govern- university of birmingham. ment departments and key person- nel to attend the conference met Since 11 September 2001 there has with no response. Subsequent trag- been a remarkable growth in the ic events triggered interest in the study of Islam in Higher Education. area! It is only hoped that the Whereas a decade earlier, many uni- inquiry does not start from zero versities were eager to close down but builds upon the outcome of or at best amalgamate Islamic this Conference.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews
    NUMEN 53,4_f4-f6_511-526 10/30/06 10:28 AM Page 511 BOOK REVIEWS RICHARD BONNEY, Jih®d. From Quræ®n to Bin Laden. Foreword by Sheikh Dr. Zaki Badawi — London, New York et al.: Palgrave Macmillan 2004 (XXVI + 594 p.), ISBN 1–4039–3372–3. Without any doubt, jih®d is the most controversial term in modern Muslim debates regarding violence and propagation of faith in Islam. Westerners use to identify jih®d with “holy war” for the propagation of Islam while many Muslims argue against by saying it means a great effort on the path of God where military action is not a primary concern but it can also mean religious activities such as prayers and fasting. The book is a work of history which, in a solid attempt at putting all arguments forward, goes through the main lines of argumentation, from the Quræ®n up to the most recent debates in al-Qaeda circles. Though the book “makes no use of Arabic sources in Arabic, it is a work of synthesis, reliant on the detailed research of others; finally, perhaps worst of all, it unashamedly makes no excuse for using internet resources.” (XIII–XIV) Part one deals with the use of jih®d in the Quræ®n, the Sunnah, the first reports on conquests and their juridical justifications as well as on jih®d in early Sufism. It shows that the Quræ®n itself contains different mean- ings of jih®d. Therefore, different Muslim interpretations exist with regard to these texts. Consequently, the Sunnah interpretation goes along with this double understanding, of war on the one side and non military religious activity on the other.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Modern Zakat Management Model Digital Technology 4.0 Version
    DOI: 10.51377/azjaf.vol2no1.47 DEVELOPING A MODERN ZAKAT MANAGEMENT MODEL DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 4.0 VERSION PATRIA YUNITA Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, UI Depok Campus Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected] A PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE (RECEIVED – 14 JUN 2020: REVISED – 26 AUGUST 2020: ACCEPTED – 1 OCTOBER 2020) ABSTRACT This study aims to develop a modern zakat management model by analyzing the zakat payment method using marketable securities and their impact on zakat fund fluctuations managed by a modern amil zakat institution in Indonesia. Zakat institutions have never implemented the zakat payment transactions like this in other Islamic countries such as Malaysia, Pakistan, and Middle Eastern countries. The study‘s focus is on The National Zakat Board of Indonesia as a modern amil zakat institution that has made this transaction to accommodate muzakki investor‘s goodwill to pay zakat obligation in the form of shares that are still traded. According to fiqh, the payment of zakat using marketable securities in the form of traded shares is still in debate. According to fiqh scholars, Imam Hanafi does not allow the zakat fund investment. While Imam Maliki, Imam Syafie, and Imam Hambali, including Yusuf Al-Qardhawi, allow some arguments. From a financial analysis point of views, to reduce the risk of decreasing zakat funds due to stock price volatility, a linkage between zakat funds in the form of shares traded with general Islamic insurance is needed, which in this case, the researcher refer to as zakat linked takaful under wakalah-waqf contract. This research used literature and empirical study to compare zakat management practices in various Muslim countries, to develop a modern zakat management model collaborated with digital Islamic financial institutions in the banking and non-banking sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arab Awakening and Gender: Challenges and Opportunities for Women
    JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY THE ARAB AWAKENING AND GENDER: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN CONFERENCE REPORT BY MARWA SHALABY, PH.D. POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW IN WOMEN AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY JUNE 26, 2013 Conference Report: The Arab Awakening and Gender THESE PAPERS WERE WRITTEN BY A RESEARCHER (OR RESEARCHERS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN A BAKER INSTITUTE RESEARCH PROJECT. WHEREVER FEASIBLE, THESE PAPERS ARE REVIEWED BY OUTSIDE EXPERTS BEFORE THEY ARE RELEASED. HOWEVER, THE RESEARCH AND VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THESE PAPERS ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER(S), AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. © 2013 BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY THIS MATERIAL MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION, PROVIDED APPROPRIATE CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. 2 Conference Report: The Arab Awakening and Gender Abstract To acknowledge the critical role played by Arab women in the Arab Awakening and to shed light on the challenges and opportunities facing women in the Middle East and North Africa post-Arab Awakening, the Kelly Day Endowment on the Status of Women and Human Rights in the Middle East of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy hosted a conference on February 21, 2013, titled “The Arab Awakening and Gender: Challenges and Opportunities For Women.” The goal of the conference was both to highlight the challenges facing women in the Middle East and to demonstrate that, despite the uncertainty that still surrounds the future of these uprisings, women in the region are increasingly aware of the obstacles ahead, and are determined more than ever to overcome these hardships and to realize their long-awaited aspirations of equal citizenship, parity, and equal opportunity.
    [Show full text]