16：00～16：35

The Future of LAMAT System in Asian Developing Countries: Whether to Eliminate or Tolerate It? (アジア諸国における LAMAT システムに関する研究) Veng Kheang PHUN 研究員

１．Introduction The term “LAMAT” refers to the indigenous ３．Results public modes that are Locally Adapted, Results from modal share showed that Modified and Advanced for a certain transport taxi, Man-pulled and Animal have service in a particular city or region. LAMAT been almost disappeared from 11 Asian developing includes all intermediate transport modes between cities. Cycle still exist in some cities private vehicles and conventional mass transit, including Dhaka and Cebu, but they have been ranging from non-motorized two-wheelers (bicycle banned from entering the CBDs. Motorized taxi) up to motorized four wheelers (minibus), with LAMAT modes remain active in urban streets, a maximum seating capacity of about 25 passengers. while some cities regulated and prohibited their LAMAT has been proposed and used instead of the operations. Fixed-route LAMAT like microbus and previous term “” due to its numerous minibus had high modal share in Jakarta, descriptions found in Asian countries. Ulaanbaatar and . In Phnom Penh, SEM LAMAT plays a significant role in Asian results showed that drivers of Motodops supported developing cities. It provides not only personalized for the public service and intended to operate as and flexible transport services to citizens with its feeder mode, but drivers of Remorks did not. A certain service quality and reasonable but also more effective regulation (e.g., standard fare, assists the social activities through its service uniform) also showed to encourage the feeder availability and job opportunities for the poor or service of the public bus. This indicates that low-skilled people. To some extent, tis operations operation of Motodop should be regulated while often cause traffic congestion, traffic accident, and leaving the operation of Remorks as it is. air pollution. Due to the rapid economic growth and 4． Conclusions urbanization, the governments have considered Most non-motorized LAMAT modes including operating mass transit system (e.g., Bus rapid man-pulled rickshaw has been almost disappeared transit, transit) to cope with urban traffic due to their operational characteristics (e.g., low issues. Either new introduction or expansion of a speed, in-human working). Ordinary LAMAT mass transit system will affect the existing LAMAT modes including auto rickshaws have been services. Consequently, concerns are raised eliminated (e.g., Diesel Tempo in Kathmandu) or whether the LAMAT system should be eliminated banned from major streets (e.g., in Cebu) or it should be promoted with better service or converted using fuel alternatives (e.g., E-trike in performance and less negative impacts? Philippines). This study discusses the future directions of However, LAMAT services should not be simply LAMAT system in Asian developing cities. eliminated due to the stability of social economy (e.g., jobs for the poor) and inevitable needs for ２．Methodology transport poor. To this end, LAMAT should be In the literatures, there are lacks of studies on promoted with better service performance: 1) the operator intention of operating as feeder of Improvements on service quality (e.g., comfort, mass transit, market share of LAMAT, etc. in Asian safety), 2) Integration with mass transit system (e.g., developing cities. Interview survey was conducted feeder modes, coordinated service), 3) Promotion with drivers of Motodops and Remorks in Phnom of E-LAMATs, and 4) The government role (e.g., Penh, as a case study city, to investigate their supporting infrastructures, green transport policy). intention to feed the recent public bus service, In sum, the future of each LAMAT mode using Structural Equation Model (SEM). Person depends not only on its operational characteristics trip data from several Asian cities will be used to but also other factors such as users, operators, explore the market share of LAMAT. Literatures vehicle & technology, and the government. are also reviewed to discuss the future of LAMAT. (C)Dr. PHUN Veng Kheang, Institute for Transport Policy Studies, 2015