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Survey Guidelines for Australia's Threatened Birds

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Survey guidelines for Australia’s threatened birds Guidelines for detecting birds listed as threatened under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 i Disclaimer The views and opinions contained in this document are not necessarily those of the Australian Government. The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and while reasonable care has been taken in its compilation, the Australian Government does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document. © Commonwealth of Australia 2010 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton ACT 2600 or posted at www.ag.gov.au/cca. An erratum was added to page 131 in April 2017. AcknowledgementS This report was prepared by Michael Magrath, Michael Weston, Penny Olsen and Mark Antos, and updated in 2008 by Ashley Herrod. We are grateful to Birds Australia’s Research and Conservation Committee, which attended a workshop on survey standards and reviewed this document: Barry Baker, John Blyth, Allan Burbidge, Hugh Ford, Stephen Garnett, Henry Nix, and Hugh Possingham. Valuable contributions were also received from Simon Attwood, Jack Baker, David Baker-Gabb, Brent Barrett, Bill Brown, Belinda Cale, Peter Cale, Mike Clarke, Andrew Dunn, Don Franklin, Stephen Garnett, David Geering, Mark Holdsworth, Wayne Houston, Andrew Ley, Richard Loyn, Michael Mathieson, Peter Menkhorst, Trish Mooney, Brenda Newbey, Mike Newman, Lloyd Nielsen, Carol Palmer, Marcus Pickett, Owen Price, David Priddel, Ken Rogers, Geoff Smith, Jonathon Starks, William Steele, Chris Tzaros, Rick Webster and Eve Woolmore. We also thank Joe Benschemesh, Harry Recher, Richard Noske, Martin Denny (NSW Association of Consultants), Brett Lane, Roger Jaensch and Sylvana Maas. contentS How to use tHese guiDelines 1 introDuCtion 3 Determining presenCe 4 plAnning AnD Design of surveys 6 Conducting surveys in six steps 6 DeteCtion metHoDs for birDs 14 survey guiDelines for AustrAliA’s tHreAteneD birDs 21 Abbott’s booby 23 Amsterdam albatross 25 Antarctic tern (Indian Ocean) 26 Antarctic tern (New Zealand) 28 Antipodean albatross 30 Australian lesser noddy 32 Australian painted snipe 34 Baudin’s black cockatoo 36 Black-breasted button quail 38 Black-browed albatross 40 Black-eared miner 42 Black-throated finch (southern) 44 Blue petrel 46 Brown thornbill (King Island) 48 Buff-banded rail (Cocos (Keeling) Islands) 50 Buff-breasted button quail 52 Buller’s albatross 54 Campbell albatross 56 Cape barren goose (south-western) 58 Carnaby’s black cockatoo 60 Chatham albatross 62 Chestnut-rumped heathwren (Mt Lofty Ranges) 63 Christmas Island frigatebird 65 Christmas Island goshawk 67 Christmas Island hawk owl 69 Coxen’s fig parrot 70 Crested shrike tit (northern) 72 Crimson finch (white-bellied) 74 Eastern bristlebird 76 Emerald dove (Christmas Island) 78 Fairy prion (southern) 80 Forty-spotted pardalote 82 Gibson’s albatross 84 Glossy black cockatoo (Kangaroo Island) 86 Golden whistler (Norfolk Island) 88 Golden-shouldered parrot 90 Gouldian finch 93 Gould’s petrel 95 Grey grasswren (Bulloo) 97 Grey-headed albatross 99 Helmeted honeyeater 101 Herald petrel 103 Hooded robin (Tiwi Islands) 105 Imperial shag 107 Indian yellow-nosed albatross 109 Island thrush (Christmas Island) 111 Kermadec petrel (western) 113 Lord Howe Island currawong 115 Lord Howe woodhen 117 Macquarie shag 119 Mallee emu wren 121 Malleefowl 123 Masked owl (northern) 125 Masked owl (Tiwi Islands) 127 Muir’s corella 129 Night parrot 131 Noisy scrub bird 133 Norfolk Island boobook owl 135 Norfolk Island green parrot 137 Northern giant petrel 139 Northern royal albatross 141 Orange-bellied parrot 143 Pacific albatross 145 Painted button quail (Houtman Abrolhos) 147 Partridge pigeon (eastern) 149 Partridge pigeon (western) 151 Plains wanderer 153 Princess parrot 155 Purple-crowned fairy wren (western) 157 Red goshawk 159 Red-lored whistler 161 Red-tailed black cockatoo (south-eastern) 163 Regent honeyeater 165 Regent parrot (eastern) 167 Round Island petrel 169 Salvin’s albatross 171 Scarlet robin (Norfolk Island) 173 Scrubtit (King Island) 175 Shy albatross 177 Slender-billed thornbill (western) 179 Soft-plumaged petrel 181 Sooty albatross 183 Southern cassowary (Australian) 185 Southern emu wren (Eyre Pen.) 187 Southern emu wren (Fleurieu Pen.) 189 Southern giant petrel 191 Southern royal albatross 193 Spotted quail thrush (Mt Lofty Ranges) 195 Squatter pigeon (southern) 197 Star finch (eastern) 199 Superb parrot 201 Swift parrot 203 Thick-billed grasswren (eastern) 205 Thick-billed grasswren (Gawler Ranges) 207 Tristan albatross 209 Wandering albatross 211 Wedge-tailed eagle (Tasmanian) 213 Western bristlebird 215 Western ground parrot 217 Western whipbird (eastern) 219 Western whipbird (western heath) 221 Western whipbird (western mallee) 223 White-bellied storm petrel (Tasman Sea) 225 White-capped albatross 227 White-winged fairy wren (Barrow Island) 229 White-winged fairy wren (Dirk Hartog Island) 231 Yellow chat (Alligator Rivers) 233 Yellow chat (Dawson) 235 referenCes for All speCies ACCounts 237 generAl referenCes (exCluDing refs for speCies ACCounts) 254 AppenDix 1: birD tAxA listeD As tHreAteneD At June 2009 259 AppenDix 2: metHoD seleCtion guiDe for birD groups 263 Hoow t USe tHeSe gUIdelIneS The purpose of this document is to provide proponents and assessors with a guide to surveying Australia’s threatened birds listed under national environment law—the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). These survey guidelines will help to determine the likelihood of a species’ presence or absence at a site. They have been prepared using a variety of expert sources and should be read in conjunction with the Australian Government environment department’s Significant impact guidelines 1.1—Matters of national environmental significance. these guidelines are not mandatory. Proposals that fail to meet these survey guidelines because of efficiency, cost or validity will not necessarily mean that referral is required (that is, that a significant impact is likely), especially where the proponent provides an evidence-based rationale for an alternative survey approach. Alternatives to a dedicated survey may also be appropriate. For example, a desktop analysis of historic data may indicate that a significant impact is not likely. Similarly, a regional habitat analysis may be used to determine the importance of a site to the listed birds. Proponents should also consider the proposal’s impact in the context of the species’ national, regional, district and site importance to establish the most effective survey technique(s). Failing to survey appropriately for threatened species that may be present at a site could result in the department applying the ‘precautionary principle’ when determining whether a significant impact is likely. That is, if no supporting evidence (such as survey results) is presented to support the claim of species absence then the department may assume that the species is in fact present. The department will not accept claimed species absence without effective validation such as through these survey guidelines, other survey techniques (for example, a state guideline or an accepted industry guideline), or relevant expertise. Where a claim of absence is made, proposals should provide a robust evaluation of species absence. Biological surveys are usually an essential component of significant impact assessment and should be conducted on the site of the proposed action before referral. Surveys help evaluate impact on matters of national environmental significance by establishing whether a species is present or likely to be present. Before starting a survey, proponents may wish to contact the department’s relevant assessment section to discuss their project and seek advice on appropriate survey effort and design. 1 Doing a survey to this model and confirming that nationally protected species are at the site does not in itself predict a significant impact—it is one of many factors that increase the likelihood of significant impact and should be considered when establishing whether a significant impact is likely or certain. As part of the assessment process, sufficient information is usually required to determine whether a species’ presence at a site constitutes a ‘population’ or ‘important population’ as defined in theSignificant impact guidelines 1.1. Surveys done using these guidelines will not necessarily be enough to determine whether the occurrence constitutes a ‘population’ or ‘important population’. These guidelines help to determine presence or the probability of presence. They do not establish or assess species abundance, as the effort in terms of cost and time required for an abundance survey is much greater than that determining presence/absence. Effective abundance surveys would need to compare survey effort and techniques with
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