From Bokermannohyla Luctuosa (Anura: Hylidae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with Notes on Paraochoterenella Purnomo & Bangs, 1999 Souza Lima S.*,**, Marun B
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Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2012194341 OCHOTERENELLA ESSLINGERI N. SP. (NEMATODA: ONCHOCERCIDAE: WALTONELLINAE) FROM BOKERMANNOHYLA LUCTUOSA (ANURA: HYLIDAE) IN MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL, WITH NOTES ON PARAOCHOTERENELLA PURNOMO & BANGS, 1999 SOUZA LIMA S.*,**, MARUN B. *, ALVES P.V. * & BAIN O.***† Summary: Résumé : OCHOTERENELLA ESSLINGERI N. SP. (NEMATODA : ONCHOCERCIDAE : WALTONELLINAE), FILAIRE PARASITE DE The waltonelline Ochoterenella esslingeri n. sp., a filarial parasite BOKERMANNOHYLA LUCTUOSA (ANURA : HYLIDAE) AU MINAS GERAIS, of the anuran Bokermannohyla luctuosa in Minas Gerais, Brazil BRÉSIL is described. Several characters distinguish this new species from Description d’une filaire Waltonellinae Ochoterenella esslingeri n. the 15 species presently included in the genus: the cuticular sp., parasite d’un anoure, Bokermannohyla luctuosa, au Minas ornamentation of the female that is restricted to the posterior Gerais, Brésil. La nouvelle espèce est distincte des 15 autres du region of the body, the irregular arrangement of the small, rounded genre par l’ornementation cuticulaire de la femelle limitée à la bosses, the postoesophageal vulva, the short glandular oesophagus, région postérieure du corps et faite de petites bosses rondes the size and shape of the microfilariae, the long left spicule and distribuées irrégulièrement, la vulve postœsophagienne, l’œsophage high spicular ratio. Irregularly arranged, tiny, rounded bosses glandulaire court, la taille et la forme de la microfilaire, le spicule are common in the monotypic genus Paraochoterenella from an gauche long et le rapport spiculaire élevé. Les bosses petites, Indonesian ranid, which is not well defined but likely valid. In the rondes et distribuées irrégulièrement se retrouvent chez le genre Neotropical Realm, the type hosts of the species of Ochoterenella monotypique Paraochoterenella, un parasite de ranidé indonésien, are Hylidae (O. esslingeri n. sp.), Leptodactylidae (two species) dont la définition n’est pas claire, mais qui est vraisemblablement and the remaining 13 species were described from the giant toad un genre valable. En région néotropicale, les hôtes types des Rhinella marina (Bufonidae). espèces d’Ochoterenella sont des Hylidae (O. esslingeri n. sp.), KEY WORDS: Filarioidea, Waltonellinae, Ochoterenella, Paraochoterenella, Leptodactylidae (deux espèces) et Bufonidae, précisément le crapaud Anura, Hylidae, Bokermannohyla luctuosa, Neotropical Realm. géant Rhinella marina (les 13 autres espèces). MOTS-CLÉS : Filarioidea, Waltonellinae, Ochoterenella, Paraochoterenella, Anura, Hylidae, Bokermannohyla luctuosa, région néotropicale. INTRODUCTION lides Caballero, 1935 (= Waltonella Schacher, 1975), Ochoterenella Caballero, 1944, Madochotera Bain & he filarial Onchocercidae Leiper, 1911 from Brunhes, 1968, Paramadochotera Esslinger, 1986, and anurans belong to either the Waltonellinae Bain a fifth, less clearly defined genus, Paraochoterenella & Prod’Hon, 1974 or the Icosiellinae Anderson, Purnomo & Bangs, 1999. Currently, Ochoterenella is T the only genus reported from South and Central Ame- 1958. The presence of a long tail and the absence of cephalic spines distinguish the Waltonellinae from rica. Several species are known only by the female the Icosiellinae, which have a very short tail and bear and microfilariae. The genus is remarkably diverse in two pairs of submedian cephalic spines (Anderson & a bufonid, the giant toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, Bain, 1976). The present filariae from an anuran host 1758), while only two of a total of 15 species were in Brazil belong to the first subfamily. described from Leptodactylidae. The specimens des- cribed here comprise males and females, and possess The Waltonellinae are represented by four genera that the main characteristics of Ochoterenella. Interses- were redefined by Esslinger (1986a, b) namely Foleyel- tingly, the type host is a hylid. * Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Taxonomia e Ecologia de Helmintos, Campus Univer- sitário, Martelos, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS ** Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Biologia de Helmintos Otto Wuckerer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. he filariae were recovered from a single heavily *** Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Parasitologie comparée, infected specimen of Bokermannohyla luctuosa UMR 7205 CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, (Pombal & Hadad, 1993), captured in the Muni- France. T cipal Park Lajinha (21º 47’ 45.3’’ S – 43º 22’ 14.9’’ W), Correspondence: Coralie Martin, MNHN, Paris, France. Tel: 33 (0)1 40 79 34 96 – Fax: 33 (0)1 40 79 34 99. Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Living nema- E-mail: [email protected] todes could be observed through the host’s skin and Parasite, 2012, 19, 341-350 Original contribution 341 SOUZA LIMA S., MARUN B., ALVES P.V. & BAIN O. the anuran was euthanized. Subsequently, the body gular cephalic plate expanded laterally, 53-58 × 30-36 cavity was opened by a longitudinal ventral incision (Fig. 1B, C), with two pairs of external labial papillae from the cloacal opening to the mouth. The filariae and two pairs of cephalic papillae, each with a promi- were removed from the body cavity and muscular nent cuticularized process (“articulated papillae”, Bain aponeuroses of the thighs. They were fixed in AFA (95 & Prod’Hon, 1974); amphids small. Circular mouth; a parts 70 % ethanol, three parts 40 % formalin, and two pair of small lateral cuticular flap-like parastomal struc- parts glacial acetic acid), stored in 70 % ethanol and tures. Buccal capsule small and weakly cuticularized; cleared in lactophenol for examination. The anterior buccal cavity 3 long and 6 wide, its lumen Y-shaped extremity was studied in apical view, after the head in transverse section (Fig. 1B, D). Oesophagus divided was cut with a razor blade. into short anterior muscular portion and long, thick In Waltonellinae the cuticular ornamentation is of taxo- glandular portion (Fig. 1A); oesophagus ratio 3.2-4.3. nomic importance (Bain & Prod’Hon, 1974; Esslinger, Intestine broad with wide lumen. Vulva, a transverse 1986a, 1989). The presence of cuticular bosses and slit, posterior to oesophago-intestinal junction; radia- their arrangement was analyzed, the diameter of these ting muscles attached to vulva and directed laterally bosses and distances between them were measured from its opening; vulvar ratio 4.8-6.5. No vagina diffe- at levels defined by Esslinger (1986a): at mid-body of rentiated; ovijector 2,920 long, simple (Fig. 1H), exten- the females and at three times the length of the oeso- ding anteriorly, bifurcated to form uteri after coiling phagus from the apex of the males. The width of the around glandular oesophagus; amphidelphic. Anus on lateral chords in lateral view were measured or illus- a small elevation, tail conical, extremity rounded (Fig. trated at several levels. Samples of microfilariae were 1E, F); phasmids identified; tail ratio 1.9-2.8. extracted from the uterus near the ovijector for detailed • Male study, and the ovijector was dissected out in one Anatomy of head and oesophagus as in female, but specimen. The ratio of the oesophagus length/body processes of cephalic papillae shorter. Laterally elon- length is given as a percentage, and the vulvar ratio gated rectangular cephalic plate 54 × 30. Posterior is distance of vulva from anterior extremity/body region helically coiled with three-five turns (Fig. length, also given as a percentage. The tail ratio is the 2B). Rounded cuticular bosses present on the ventral tail length/body length, expressed as a percentage. surface of the body from the glandular oesophageal The spicular ratio is the length of left/right spicule. region to the caudal region; bosses initially large, not Specimens were drawn using a microscope equipped numerous and irregularly arranged (Fig. 2F), beco- with a camera lucida. Measurements were made on ming more numerous and organized along the body, drawings and are given in micrometres, except where to gradually form transverse bands; distance between otherwise stated. Authority names and dates of the bosses within a band, measured at 3,700-3,900 from species of Ochoterenella are listed in Table III, as tail tip, about three times shorter than between bands well as the type host and family and its geographic (Fig. 2G). In the area rugosa, the start of which is origin. The nomenclature of anuran hosts follows that indistinguishable from the ventral ornamentation of of Frost (2009). the body, the bosses are smaller and more numerous (Fig. 2H). In the caudal region, the area rugosa is made of smaller bosses and again irregularly arranged RESULTS (Fig. 2C). Caudal papillae: a single large precloacal papilla (or plaque, according to Esslinger, 1986a, OCHOTERENELLA ESSLINGERI N. SP. SOUZA LIMA & BAIN 1987, 1988) with an internal transverse furrow, and four pairs of large sessile papillae; the latter arranged he description is based on seven females and symmetrically in two groups: one precloacal pair; three four males (Figs 1, 2 ; Tables I, II). postcloacal pairs, equidistant (20 to 30 apart), the last T• Female pair located about 50 from end of tail (Fig. 2B, C). Body cylindrical, anterior and posterior extremities gra- Spicules distinctly unequal and dissimilar, spicular dually attenuated (Fig. 1A, E), maximum body width ratio 3.7-4.1;