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Celebration, Preservation and Promotion of Struggle Narratives with a Focus on South African Women of Indian Heritage

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Celebration, Preservation and Promotion of Struggle Narratives with a Focus on South African Women of Indian Heritage HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 8 Original Research Celebration, preservation and promotion of struggle narratives with a focus on South African women of Indian heritage Authors: The relevance and value of oral history practices and principles and its impact on community 1 Kogie K. Archary history gives credence to its relationship with the liberation struggle. The liberation struggle Christina Landman2 heroines that formed the cohort of interviewees for this research were members of the South Affiliations: African Indian community. This interview- research process provides a platform that allows 1Private Researcher, Durban, the veteran South African female of Indian Heritage to reflect almost 50 years later and be a South Africa part of the celebration, preservation and promotion of struggle narratives. The women who 2Research Institute for were interviewed for this research shed light on celebrating political achievements, whilst Theology and Religion, remembering and recalling the educational, material and economic assistance from University of South Africa, international sources. Furthermore, these women referred to the preservation of South Africa’s Pretoria, South Africa unique heritage as, South Africa is united in its diversity. Promoting the values of the liberation Corresponding author: struggle by sharing her anecdotes, honouring the cadres, relating experiences, retelling tales Christina Landman, and sometimes possibly reliving military camp days completed the oral history interview [email protected] process and eventually added to the body of knowledge that already exists and partially filled the gaps that exist. Dates: Received: 12 May 2020 Contribution: From a multidisplinary religious perspective, this article contributes to the Accepted: 22 Aug. 2020 Published: 18 Jan. 2021 historical and social-cultural discourse on liberation theology within a paradigm in which the intersection of social sciences and humanities generates a transdisciplinary contested discourse. How to cite this article: Archary, K.K. & Landman, C., Keywords: oral history; communities and the liberation struggle; reflective memories; post- 2021, ‘Celebration, apartheid South Africa; celebration, preservation and promotion of struggle narratives. preservation and promotion of struggle narratives with a focus on South African women of Indian heritage’, Preamble HTS Teologiese Studies/ South African History Online (SAHO 2019f.) states that since the turn of the century women in Theological Studies 77(2), a6118. https://doi.org/10. South Africa became significant agents in challenging the apartheid regime. Even through the 4102/hts.v77i2.6118 devastating effects of apartheid on the status of women, they never lost sight of the fact that change can only be effective by annihilating the apartheid system (SAHO 2019f.). Men and Copyright: women of colour joined forces in the fight for their rights, and against being mistreated and © 2021. The Authors. oppressed by the system (SAHO 2019f). In 1993, the author graduated with a Master of Arts in Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Orality – Literacy Studies from the University of Natal. This was still an apartheid country even Creative Commons though the new dispensation was on its way. However, the author’s interest in Oral history Attribution License. stemmed from her youth as this interest in capturing the experiences of others saw her, at just 15 (in 1980) taking a few small steps at high school to address the school population on the reasons why we should join the liberation struggle as students. Natal Indian High schools took their cues from students at the University of Durban-Westville and Congress of South African Students (COSAS). In 1980, the author and her classmates were asked to leave the classroom by fellow radical students. It was exciting as the students did not know what was happening. The teachers stood aside as they could not openly support the students but they could also not stop the students. Upon reaching the school grounds, the leaders insinuated that if identified, they could be suspended. The author decided to speak and it was her first political speech and coming from a small Indian town and an apolitical family did not help. She was a Durban – Westville university student from 1984 to 1987, and during this period the common experience was that Indian Read online: students boycotted, were on the run from riot police with rubber bullets and tear gas whilst Scan this QR 1 code with your Caspirs with machine guns were a common sight whilst exams were back to back. It was a really smart phone or mobile device 1.Four-wheeled military vehicles used for transport of troops. to read online. Note: Special Collection entitled Social Memory Studies, sub-edited by Christina Landman (UNISA) and Sekgothe Mokgoatšana (UL). http://www.hts.org.za Open Access Page 2 of 8 Original Research difficult time as student politics was vibrant as they resisted strongly and sang songs with the theme ‘Liberation before Methodology Education’. The oral history interview methodology was utilised. Three females were interviewed. Dr Sinthi Qono (interviewed on The author began teaching in 1988 – mainly Afrikaans as a 11 September 2012) was identified as she lives in the same teaching subject – a forced choice if you wanted to be area where the author grew up, and it is known that she was employed – and just one class of History. In 1990, she was one of the Simon David Family children that went into exile. founder chairperson of the Gender Desk of the Natal North Upon approaching her, the author was able to identify the Coast Region of the South African Democratic Teachers other females as suitable respondents for this research. Union (SADTU). During most of this time, her interaction During the oral history interview, the respondents brought and reaction in the main was within the Indian community. alive the past whilst living in the present, yet, simultaneously She witnessed some Indian leadership at work at the grass- contemplating the future in terms of her role in society. The second respondent, Mrs Rajes Pillay (interviewed on 18 roots level. Within her portfolios she began working with September 2012), the unsung surviving uMkhonto we Sizwe the African National Congress (ANC), Independent Electoral (Spear of the Nation) (MK) madam soldier, had her legendary, Commission (IEC), the Confederation of South African yet simple, story to tell. Finally, Mrs Urmilla Singh Trade Unions (COSATU) and attended meetings in (interviewed on 22 September 2012), the humble and Johannesburg in the run up to the 1994 elections. She was compassionate civil servant who was part of the mass then mandated by the Verulam branch to attend the 49th mobilisation within the country, shared her adventurous Annual General Meeting of the ANC in Bloemfontein in tales as well. The dynamic and intelligent academic, Dr December 1994. It was the first Annual General Meeting of Qono, who had semi-diplomatic status, also brought alive the ANC since the unbanning. It really was an unforgettable her vast experiences across the continents. All of the experience as she had an opportunity to speak and be respondents were over 60 years of age at the time of the photographed with the great icon himself, President Nelson interviews and they were able to triangulate the relevance Mandela. and value of Oral History practices and principles that give credence to its relationship with the liberation struggle. This The author has harboured a great interest in oral history and correlation between oral history and its ability to connect oral history as she embarked upon further oral history studies, historians with individuals to create avenues for collection of and for her PhD research, she interviewed over 100 authentic and primary data adds to the existing body of respondents who were associated with the Maidstone Mill knowledge on the contribution of South African women of and attached estates. The interdisciplinary research which Indian heritage to present-day South Africa. The author included Industrial, Organisational and Labour studies prepared a questionnaire beforehand. This research witnessed the author investigating culture, communication, instrument was used to gain insightful information in terms power, leadership and changing management in a new of their experiences during the struggle times. The duration democracy, as well as recording the histories of individuals of the interviews varied. None of the interviews were tape- and families that were associated with these estates which recorded as the respondents were satisfied with answering formed a part of the multiracial community, even though this questions and the author writing them down. The author did was a designated Indian area. not want to tape-record the interview as she was not sure as to the reaction of the respondents as the theme of the research In 2010, South Africans of Indian origin celebrated the 150th was centred around liberation politics, and this could at Anniversary of the Arrival of Indians to the then colony of times be sensitive especially if the veterans did not feel Natal. In her role as the Public Relations Officer of the 1860 appreciated by the system after the sacrifices that they made. Indentured Labourers Foundation Verulam, the author researched family histories of the mainly Verulam community, which were compiled into a 104-page publication Conclusion and recommendations entitled the ‘GIRMIT’. During the writing and research From the interview with Dr Qono, when she was asked about process, the author was reminded of modern slavery meted South Africa as she reflected on what comes to mind out to the Indians from 1860 to 1910, when India finally especially from the sixties to the nineties, she divulged that halted Emigration to the colony after receiving damning being ‘placed in racial ghettos meant that one went to a reports. However, on the contrary, many Indians chose to racially/ethnic divided school, worked in a similar situation stay in the colony and build a new life for themselves away and life in general was concentrated likewise’.
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