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Teacher's Guide: Penguins of Antarctic Region

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Teacher's Guide: Penguins of Antarctic Region University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst IPY STEM Polar Connections STEM Education Institute 2010 Teacher’s Guide: Penguins of Antarctic Region Marie Silver University of Massachusetts - Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/stem_ipy Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Geology Commons, Geophysics and Seismology Commons, and the Glaciology Commons Silver, Marie, "Teacher’s Guide: Penguins of Antarctic Region" (2010). IPY STEM Polar Connections. 28. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/stem_ipy/28 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the STEM Education Institute at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in IPY STEM Polar Connections by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Teacher’s Guide to Ecosystems and Climate 1 STEM Teacher’s Guide: Penguins of Antarctic Region The STEM Context “Investigations introduce students to the nature of original research, increase students’ understanding of scientific and technological concepts, promote skills development, and provide entry points for all learners” The Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Framework: 2006 (page 11) “Students should broaden their understanding from the way one species lives in its environment to populations and communities of species and the ways they interact with each other and with their environment.” The National Science Education Standards: 1994 (Page 155) Examples of Related National Science Education Standards Content Standard C: As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, students should develop understanding of Structure and function of living things Reproduction and heredity Regulation and behavior Populations and Ecosystems Diversity and adaptation of organisms Examples of Related Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Framework Standards Life Science (Biology) Standard 3, Grades 3-5, Recognize that plants and animals go through predictable life cycles that include birth, growth, development, reproduction and death. Life Science (biology) Standard 13, Grades 6-8, Give examples of ways in which organisms interact and have different functions within an ecosystem that enable an ecosystem to survive. Introduction These activities help to connect science learning with real world issues through a study of the Antarctic region. By studying the penguins of the South Pole region you can tap students’ interest in a charismatic macrospecies through demonstrating their adaptation to ongoing climate changes and human activity. A number of current research projects at Antarctic research stations can be accessed online and the data used to demonstrate key concepts of feeding behavior, migration, breeding and population dynamics. The attached activity is in three parts and includes one hands-on demonstration, several mapping exercises and some Teacher’s Guide to Ecosystems and Climate 2 data interpretation. These activities also provide a cross-disciplinary focus as they connect well with mapping, social studies, environmental studies and math disciplines. Life in the Antarctic The PowerPoint that accompanies this activity can be shown in its entirety or excerpted to show only the slides related to penguins. Activities The four parts in the activity document include some simulations of penguin physical characteristics, a mapping exercise to learn where penguins can be found within the Antarctic region and two activities that require interpreting latitude and longitude data to track penguin movement. Maps are provided as examples and can also be found online. Each of the paper activities give a small amount of necessary background information but further information can be found in the academic papers associated with the actual research underlying the activity. These are listed below and also posted on the STEM Ed website and a few will be included with the activity document. Answers to Questions Part 1 Penguins by Habitat 1) Kerguelen, Macquarie, Falkland Islands 2A) Gentoo, Magellanic, Rockhopper, King, Macaroni 2B) Emperor, Little, Erect Crested 3) Kerguelen, Flaklands and Ross Sea 4) Emperor, Adelie, Chinstrap Part 2 Penguin Feeding Behavior, Impacts of Sea Ice Change 1) 1995, 2000 2) Fast Ice, some pack ice 3) Cape Bird 4) Greater amount of open water to cover (or ice to walk along) Will result in longer times away form chicks 5) Either loss of chicks and/or decrease in weight and health of parents 6) Krill found on underside of fast ice,(leading to increase of fish there as well) vital food sources. Part 3 Rockhopper and Magellanic Penguin Migration 1) M3,RH1, Magellanic, Magellanic 2) Magellanic 3) Near Argentine coast, edge of continental shelf 4) Route of both Penguin species 5) Rockhopper 6) Shipping, offshore drilling, pollution, fishing vessels Teacher’s Guide to Ecosystems and Climate 3 References Maps of Antarctica www.south-pole.com/map.htm, www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/an.htm Background on Antarctica and Latest Research Australia Antarctic Division - http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp, Protecting the Wildlife of the Falkland Islands - http://www.falklandsconservation.com/index.html, U.S. Antarctic Program - http://www.usap.gov, British Antarctic Survey - http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/ Background on Penguins International Penguin Conservation Work Group - http://www.penguins.cl/penguins-intro.htm, Penguin Migration Research - http://faculty.washington.edu/boersma/, Sea World - http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/penguin/index.htm, Penguin Science - http://www.penguinscience.com/education/royds_nestcheck.php, Amateur Penguin Info Site - http://www.adelie.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/, New Zealand - http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/ Penguin Preference Activity – TEA- Armada Project - http://tea.armadaproject.org/activity/wille Winter dispersal of Rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome from the Falkland Islands and its implications for conservation, Klemens Pütz, Rebecca J. Ingham, Jeremy G. Smith, Bernhard H. Lüthi, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 240: 273–284, 2002 Winter migration of magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) from the southernmost distributional range. Klemens Pütz, Adrian Schiavini, Andrea Raya Rey, Benno H. Lüthi. Marine Biology, 2007, 152:1227–1235. “A Cooperative Classroom”, Juanita Constible, Luke Sandro, Richard E. Lee Jr., The Science Teacher, September 2007. Penguin Adaptations, Gulf of Maine Aquarium, http://octopus.gma.org/ Website highlighting Dr. Putz’ work on Rockhopper and Magellanic Penguin Migration www.falklands-nature.demon.co.uk/penguins/falklands.html Wilson R.P., Ainley D. G., Nur N., Jacobs S. S., Barton K. J., Ballard G., Adélie penguin population change in the pacific sector of Antarctica: relation to sea-ice extent and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (2001) MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Mar Ecol Prog Ser Vol. 213: 301–309, 2001 Published April 4 Environmental Impact of the offshore oil and gas industry, Stanislav Patin, Ph.D., Translator: Elena Cascio, Ph.D. http://www.offshore-environment.com/synopsis.html Stokes, D L, Boersma P D, and Davis J S. 1998. Satellite Tracking of Magellanic Penguin Migration. The Condor 100: 376-381. Wilson, R P, Putz K, Peters G, Culik B, Scolaro J A, Charrassin J-B & Ropert-Coudert Y. Teacher’s Guide to Ecosystems and Climate 4 (1997). Long-term Attachment of Transmitting and Recording Devices to Penguins and Other Seabirds. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25: 101-106. Ainley D, Wilson P, Barton K, Ballard G, Nur N, Karl B(1998) Diet and foraging effort of Adelie penguins in relation to pack-ice conditions in the southern Ross Sea. Polar Biology 20:311-319 Ainley D., Ballard G., Barton K., Karl B.,Rau G., Ribic C., and Wilson P. (2003) Spatial and Temporal Variation of Diet Within A Presumed Metapopulation of Adelie Penguins,The Condor 105:95–106q The Cooper Ornithological Society Source for Food Web Game http://mudface.net/ UCAR – Windows to the Universe – Penguin Research postcards - http://www.windows.ucar.edu Antarctic Lesson Plans http://www.classroom.antarctica.gov.au Live krill cam in Antarctic - http://www.aad.gov.au/webcams/krill/ Adelie Penguin Cam - http://thistle.org/pcam/ Ongoing Student/Teacher involvement in Antarctic and Arctic Research: • TEA Armada – Teachers Experiencing the Antarctic and Arctic (www.tea.armadaproject) • PolarTREC – Nationwide and here at UMass – Julie Brigham Grette (Lake El’gygytgyn) http://www.polartrec.com/geologic-climate-research-in-siberia • NASA Explorer School Teams • Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SOGLOBEC) National Science Foundation funded http://www.nationalgeographic.com/sealab/antarctica/mission.html • SATELLITES – students and teachers, part of GLOBE project • PenguinScience – a live penguin cam and continuous data uploading from the research by D. Ainley and associates encourages teacher participation and provides relevant classroom activities, http://www.penguinscience.com/ Teacher’s Guide to Ecosystems and Climate 5 www.umassk12.net/ipy A STEM ED Program at the University of Massachusetts, funded by the National Science Foundation and supported by the Climate System Research Center in conjunction with the International Polar Year .
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