Volume 6 Number 4 Article 15

10-15-1979

An Inklings Bibilography (11)

Joe R. Christopher

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Recommended Citation Christopher, Joe R. (1979) "An Inklings Bibilography (11)," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 6 : No. 4 , Article 15. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol6/iss4/15

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Abstract A series of bibliographies of primary and secondary works concerning the Inklings

Additional Keywords Gord Wilson

This article is available in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol6/iss4/15 AN INKLINGS BIBLIOGRAPHY (11) Compiled by Joe R. Christopher

Amon Hen: The Bulletin o{ the Tolkien Society No. 26 (May- Denethor, not an objective presentation; from the second 1977) , 1-20. Edited by Jessica Kemball-Cook. s ta n z a : Main contents: (a) Lucy Matthews, untitled cover drawing (p. 0, w ill the visions never pale? l). Bilbo's farewell party, (b) Jessica Kemball-Cook, edi­ —of Gondor fra il, unguarded, plundered, torial (p. 2). Included is news of a children's book honor raped by foul barbarians f o r The Father Christmas Letters. (c) Stephen Lines, "Three and Variags that serve the East. . . . is Company" (p. 3)« A drawing of the hobbits on their jour­ Marmor's poem is more interesting in versification and imagery ney; Frodo and the others are seen from the back, between than ninety percent (or more) of Tolkien-inspired rhymings. trees, the road before them, (d) Lucy Matthews and Jessica (b) [Ben Indick], "Ben Indick's Bookshop: Of Tolkien and Kemball-Cook, "News" (pp. 4-5)- Matthews reports on a plaque the Tolkienesque", pp. 27-30. A review column. Indick dis­ placed in Birmingham in honor of Tolkien; Kemball-Cook, along cusses Terry Brooks' The Sword of Shannara. with emphasis on with items of society business, lists eight reviews of the its style: the constant use of adverbs—"nodded Flick gloomi­ exhibition of "Drawings by Tolkien", (ej John Edward Ives, ly"—and inept substitutions for said. He praises, within "Lord of the Nazgul" (pp. 6-7). Ives, before the publication lim its, the Rankin-Bass TV production of The Hobbit: "The of The. Silm arillion, states his belief that the Witch-King, animation itself was as close as we have come in years to the leader of the Nazgul, was Ar-Pharazon the Golden. He offers great Disney work of the '40s. and a far cry from the short­ an interesting series of suppositions, but the main one has hand of TV and Hanna-Barbara [sic]." The cartoon, however, cannot turned out to be incorrect, (f) Jon Noble, "Sauron as the rival the human face in live action in capturing the complexi­ Product of Social Ineptitude" (pp. 8-9), with a "Commentary ty of attitudes in The Hobbit; most of the actors—except for on Jon Noble's article" by E. Crawford (p. 10). Noble's the one who read Gollum's lines—tend to sound like adults humorous inversion of the usual view of Sauron first appeared reading for children. Indick mentions, but does not evaluate, in The Eye [the journal of the Sydney University Tolkien Humphrey Carpenter's Tolkien; he praises, with great enthusi­ Society], No. 1 (1974), 48-50; Crawford's reply is mainly a asm, The Silm arillion: "Doom is the fate of all [who struggle prose flyting. (g) "Books" (pp. 11-12). Jessica Kemball- for the Silm arils], foreseen but not foresworn, but Love, Cook reviews J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, by Humphrey Car­ Beauty and Courage remain. . . . [The Silmarillion is] a penter. A survey of the contents. Ronan Coghlan and Rode­ magnificent creation, to be read and reread until each of its rick Sinclair offer separate paragraphs on A Dictionary of tapestried figures assumes independent stature and life , and Fairies (London: Allen Lane, 1976), by K. M. Briggs. Sinclair its pages expand to the breadth of infinity." (Indick also points out the appearance of the word hobbits in a passage briefly discusses two other fantasy works, neither related to quoted from Michael Denham, originally published in 1895 (see T o lk ie n .) B ri . ' l i s t i n g f o r "The Denham T r a c ts " ) , (h ) [ J e s s ic a Kem­ Asimov, I s a a c . In Memory Yet G reen: The A utobiography o f I - ball-Cook], "Societies" (pp. 13-15)- A survey of fantasy- saac Asimov, 1920-1954. Garden City, New York: Doubleday related societies. Besides the major societies on the Ink­ and Company, 1979. x ii + 732 pp. Index. [Tolkien, 148.] lings, whose publications are included in this checklist, a In this first volume of his autobiography, Asimov traces his few smaller English fan magazines related to Tolkien are life from his birth in Russia, through his upbringing in listed on p. 13. Perhaps the most intriguing note, however, Brooklyn and his school and war-time experiences, to his po­ is for The Engliscan Gesithas, a society for the encourage­ sition as an Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at Boston ment of Anglo-Saxon culture. "They use the Anglo-Saxon cal­ University, at which time his writing—then, mainly science- endar as reconstructed by Tolkien, for which he gave his per­ fiction—began to pay substantially more than his teaching. mission" (p. 14). (i) "Letters" (pp. 16-18). (j) "Queries" "I remember distinctly that first piece of fiction I ever (p . 1 8 ). wrote on the typewriter [his first typewriter, given him in 1935 by his father] involved a group of men wandering on some Anderson, Poul. "On Thud and Blunder", pp. 271-288 [Tolkien, quest through a universe in which there elves, dwarves, p. 272]. In Swords against Darkness, No. Ill, edited by were and wizards, and in which magic worked. It was as though I Andrew J. O ffutt. New York: Zebra Books (Kensington Pub­ had some premonition of J. R. R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings. lishing Corporation), 1978. Paperback. I can't for the life of me remember what it was that inspired In an anthology of "heroic fantasy" stories (the genre also me in this direction. I had read The Arabian Nights, the E. referred to as "sword and sorcery"), Anderson has an essay Nesbit fantasies (particularly her stories about the psam- at the end of the volume about the lim itations of common mead), and all sorts of books of magic and legendry, but none examples of the type. (His title is an often-used Spoonerism of them stick in my mind as sufficient" (pp. 147-148). for "blood and thunder".) His reference to Tolkien is part of his introduction: "every kind of writing is prone to B aynes| Pauline. A Map of Middle—eaeth. New York; Interna­ special faults. For example, while no one expects heroic fan­ tional Polygonics, n.d. tasy . . . to be of ultimate psychological profundity, it is A boxed jigsaw puzzle (No. 96T121), consisting of Baynes' often simple to the. point of being sim plistic. This is not well-known map with the Company of the Ring at the top, the necessary, as such fine practitioners as de Gamp, Leiber, and map in the center, and the Nazguls and other evil forces at Tolkien have proven." the bottom; ten inset landscapes appear in small circles at the right and left edges of the map. The jigsaw puzzle con— Anduril: Magazine of Fantasy, No. 7 (February 1979), 1-52. sists o£ over 500 pieces; the completed puzzle measures 15" Edited by John Martin [3 Aylesbury Crescent, Hindley Green, x 21". Note: the top of the box bears the title , "from the Nr. Wigan, Lancs WN2 4TY, England; $3•50/issue]. Issued work o f / J . R. R. TOLKIEN", w ith th e name in la rg e p r in t; irregularly. [Tolkien, 2, 27-30.] but the titleson the ends of the box match that on the map. Tolkien-related contents: (a) Paula Katherine Marmor, "Dene- thor", p. 2. Illustrated by Russ Nicholson. A four-stanza Borges, Jorge Luis, with Norman Thomas di Giovanni. "An Auto­ poem with eight-line stanzas in iambic tetram eter; the rhyme biographical Essay", pp. 201-260 [Lewis, p. 243]. In The scheme is based on two-line units, the last stressed syllable Aleph and Other Stories, 1933-1959. New York: E. P. Dut­ of the first (third, fifth, seventh) line rhyming or near- ton, 1970. 286 pp. rhyming with the second stress of the following line, and Borges' mention of Lewis is incidental. He describes an in­ sometimes the last two stresses of the first (third, fifth, fected head wound from an accident which put him in the hos­ or seventh) matched to the first two of the next. (There is pital. "for a month I hovered, all unknowingly, between life an introduction of an ABCB rhyme at the end of the poem, with and death. . . . When I began to recover, I feared for my the internal rhyme of A and C shifted back in the B lines to mental integrity. I remember that my mother wanted to read the first stress.) The poem is a summary from the view of to me from a book I had just ordered, C. S. Lewis' Out of the

44 Silent Planet, but for two or three nights I kept putting her huge castle (pp. 291-297), resembles Gandalf’s fight with the off. At last, she prevailed, and after hearing a page or two Balrog. But th is type of analysis is important only for two 1 f e l l to crying. My mother asked me why the tears. 'I'm reasons: the admitted derivation of the book from Tolkien, as crying because I understand,' I said." given in del Rey's comments; and the advertising campaign for Braine, John. Finger of F ire. London: Eyre Methuen, 1977. the book which stressed i t as an "epic fantasy" " [f]or a ll 232 pp. [Lewis, 23, 81, 117, 120, 125.] those who have been seeking something to read since they fin­ This near-future novel is Braine's second about a spy named ished The Lord of the Rings" (both from the dust jacket). Xavier Flynn, the first having been The Pious Agent (1975)* Considered simply by itself, particularly in the less original In the first, one of the British spy agencies was using code f ir s t h alf, The Sword of Shannara i s a pleasant enough, deriv­ names from the Chronicle of Narnia; the references here are ative adventure story, w ritten in a modem, sometimes co llo ­ allusions to characters in the first book: the death of Aslan, quial sty le (with a mixed metaphor on p. 166), having episod­ the one-time chief of the agency (p. 2 3 ); his old pen with ic early plotting but developing a good narrative movement in Aslan printed on it (p. 81), and his London club (p. 125); the second half, seemingly aimed at a teenage audience, and and two references to an agent called Reepicheep in the first perhaps having a touch of xenophobia in its coloring of the volume, who is now in charge of controlling the news reported villainous gnomes yellow. in Britain (pp. 117, 120). Brooks, Terry. The Sword of Shannara. New York: Random Canovan, James and M argaret. "'C hesterton's P o litics Today'". House, 1977. v i i i + 726 pp. ( Illu stration s by Greg and The C hesterton Review, 5:2 (Spring-Summer 1979), 269-277. Tim Hildebrandt: map, p. ii; black-and-white paintings, "[Tolkien, 270.J pp. 35> 135, 2 8 5 , 303, 459, 587, 6 53, 689; fold-out color "What is wrong with Chesterton's political outlook? The first painting, between pp. 344-345- Note: the dust-jacket thing the D evil's Advocate would point out is surely that his color painting also appears as the front cover of the vision of a society of small proprietors rested upon a roman­ paperback e d itio n .) ticism of pre—industrial life based on sheer ignorance. Those An associational item for this checklist: a fantasy novel no­ sturdy peasants and craftsmen, healthy, happy, independent and where mentioning Tolkien within its text (for obvious fic­ secure—they are, the critic would say, as much figures of tional reasons) but clearly derived from The Lord of the myth as Tolkien's hobbits, who inhabit a very similar rural Rings. This derivation, noted by some reviewers, is clari­ id y ll in which no one seems to do much work, and disease and fied in Robert Dahlin's "Ballantine and Random House Join food shortages are unknown. As soon as one casts a cool eye Their Imagination to Publish a Fantasy of Epic Size" (in the upon the relations of production in The Lord of the Rings. "Trade News" section ), Publishers Weekly, 211:1 (3 January i t becomes apparent that Tolkien's mythopoeic genius was c ir ­ 1977), 38-39 (with an illustration by Greg and Tim Hilde­ cumscribed by his to ta l lack of in terest in economics; and, brandt twice reproduced, pp. 11, 38). This is an interview much the same can be said, more damagingly, of Chesterton" about the editing and publishing of Brooks' book, in which (pp. 270-271). Lester del Rey indicates that the f ir s t half of the book was written about 1967, "under the influence of Tolkien" (p. 38), Chronicles of the King, No. 2 (Summer 1977), 1-24. Edited and the second h alf about 1973 or 1974; the f ir s t half was by Michael Logan and Tom Santoski for The National Organi­ later rewritten under del Rey's direction. Since several zation for Tolkien (a fan group). reviewers still saw obvious parallels in the first half, the Tolkien-related contents: (a) Michael Logan, "Gandalf the material presumably was so deeply indebted to Tolkien that it Grey", p. 1. The cover drawing, (b) Michael Logan and Tom was not possible to wholly eliminate the relationship. One Santoski, "Editorial", p. 3 . An explanation of the moving of of the fullest comparisons is given in a review by Meg Gar­ the Star Trek material out of Chronicles since the first is­ rett in Fantasiae. 5:4/49 (April 1977), 9-10: "A young pro­ sue; no explanation is offered of The National Organization vin cia l type and h is fa ith fu l half-brother, who have seldom for Tolkien except that it is a club, presumably made up of been far from their small home valley, are visited by a anybody who subscribes to the journal, (c) "Letters", p. 4. mysterious stranger, who warns them they are in peril and (d) John Pivovarnick, "Shelob", p. 5 . A drawing, used as a should flee with him. He gives them a history lecture, title page for the Tolkien material, (e) John Pivovarnick, eventually leading up to their own unwitting involvement in "The Hobbit Child", p. 6 . A poem in six quatrains, with an ages-old con flict between the Elves and a dark power. The iambic lines varying irregularly from dimeters to tetrameters; next day the stranger has left without warning, so the bro­ all stanzas, except the unrhymed fifth , rhyme ABCB. A hobbit thers put off leaving home until it is almost too late. On­ child named Elanor dreams of the past, when elves ruled, (f) ly the appearance of a black creature, the menace they were John Pivovarnick, "Boggietown Third Class Mail", p. 7. A warned o f, spurs them to flig h t. They go on a b rief but fragmentary comic strip in which one of the characters is perilous journey, pursued by the black creature, who is a given the name Frito; presumably a parody of Frodo. (g) Tom minion of the dark power. They are soon joined by a compan­ Santoski, "Isilome", pp. 8 - 9 . A narrative poem laid in the ion; have a number of close calls; travel through a forest F irst Age, written in—usually—iambic tetrameter couplets; and a marsh; and one of th eir group is attacked by a tree. the rhymes often take some poetic license. Although a number They manage to reach a temporary haven, where they p a rtici­ of Tolkien's characters appear—such as Manwe—the protago­ pate in a council. The council decides that they, with a n ist, Luculen, seems invented, (h) "Book Review", p. 1 0 , small band of companions, must try to achieve a dangerous which is anonymous but presumably written by the editors. A quest into the very heart of the dark power's stronghold" (p. review of H’miphrey Carpenter's Tolkien: A Biography—the book 9 ‘) . (This summary covers the first eight chapters, pp. 1- is found to reduce Tolkien, and his writings, to human level, 147, out of thirty-five.) Obviously, while the details are ( i) Michael Logan, "Beren and Luthien", pp. 1 2 -1 3 . A two- largely changed (a Druid for a Wizard, a half-blood elvish page drawing, (j) T. J. S ., "Book Review", p. 14. A review heir instead of a hobbit as a protagonist, etc.), the pattern of The Book of Suns, by Nancy Springer (New York: Pocket Books, is fam iliar. Garrett also notes "a variant of the Faramir, 1977). The reviewer—probably Tom Santoski—points to a few Boromir, Denethor story" (p. 9) in the la tte r part of the borrowings from Tolkien: Riverdell, the Last Homely House east book; this refers to a conflict between two brothers, the of the Sea, a Black Tower, and a Rushing River, (k) Tom San­ younger of whom has taken over the kingship from their poi­ to sk i, "The Coat of Arms of the Kings of Gondor", p. 24* The soned father, and who is under the influence of an evil mystic back-cover drawing. (Chs. XXII and XXV, mainly). Garrett comments, "Some [ o 'f the names of people] are so close to Tolkien as to be embarrassing, Crispin, Edmund [pseudonym of Bruce Montgomery]. The Case of such as Durin, Balinor, and Elessidil" (p. 9). (Balinor is the Gilded Fly. London: Gollancz, 1944- (Various later f ir s t mentioned on p. 44 of the book; Durin, p. 170; E le ssid il, reprints; American versions usually as Obsequies at Oxford.) p. 619.) It would be possible to add to her list other pos­ An associational item for this checklist. The first case for sib le p arallels: e .g ., the Tomb of the Kings (p. 2 36), an Gervase Fen, Professor of English Language and Literature in underground shortcut said to be inhabited by ghosts (actual­ the University of Oxford. The plot itself is an elaborately ly, it turns out, by a giganic semi-squid), resembles the a r tific ia l locked-room puzzle, with the crime committed in a Paths of the Dead (with a touch of the pool before Moria); highly unlikely, but not quite impossible, manner—in short, the fight of Allanon the Druid with the Skull-Bearer (a winged a la te product of the Golden Age of puzzle p lo ts. This a rti­ monster), with the fall of both into a fire below them in a f ic ia lit y is stressed by Fen's announcement, "I'm the only 45 literary critic turned detective in the whole of fiction" however, is given as an example of naming his hero and villain (Ch. 5). His later reference to John Dickson Carr's Gideon so much alike—Ransom and Weston—that the reader has trouble Fell as a member of his social world (Ch. 10) may well be a "remember[ing] which is which" (p. 124). Both That Hideous bow toward the famous passage near the beginning of Ch. XVII Strength and The Lord of the Rings are listed in the basic nf The Three Coffins in which Fell announces, "we're in a reading lis t of fantasy novels and single-author collections detective story, and we don't fool the reader by pretending (pp. 205-206). Overall the treatment of Lewis in this book vie're not." But the sim ilarity of initials, G. F., and the is not improved from the first edition, which L. Sprague de number of letters in both names, ten, suggests a deliberate Camp wrote alone; since de Camp is an agnostic, there is no parallelism of Fen and Fell. reason to expect him to be sympathetic to Lewis; but if he The associational background ties an approval of this arti­ would do some adequate research—such as reading Lewis's The fice to Charles Williams. In Current Biography: Who's News Discarded Image—he would not be repeating his references to and Why: 1949, ed. Anna Rothe (New lork: H. W. Wilson Company, the Neo-Platonists as if they had not had medieval followers 1950), p. 130, this account is given: "A shared interest in who were more directly Lewis's sources. crime fiction led Bruce Montgomery to outline to his novelist friend, the late Charles Williams, a detective plot 'he had Eagle, Dorothy, and Hilary Carnell (eds.). The Oxford Lit­ thought up.' Williams insisted that Montgomery should devel­ erary Guide to the British Isles. Oxford, at the Claren­ op the plot into a story. The result was the appearance of a don Press, 1977. xiv + 450 pp. Index. [Campbell, 2l6a, new talent in the field." There is a possibility (how likely 241b, 273b; Cecil, vi, 256a; Lev/is, 21a, 46b, 124b, 259b, is uncertain) that the running gag about an actor, Clive, at 267b, 273b; Tolkien, 259b, 265b, 269a, 270b; Williams, the Oxford Repertory Theatre who takes the train to London to 259b (letters refer to the first or second column on the see his wife every night during those war years (first intro­ page; not all these references are in the index).] duced in Ch. 3) was suggested by Williams journeying to London The main listing is a very full alphabetical guide to the to see his wife on weekends; further, if the first hypothesis places (mainly towns) of the British Isles, with their litera­ is true, it is also possible that the name Clive was borrowed ry associations; the elaborate index after the main listing from C. S. Lewis because of his association with Williams at gives authors' names, dates, major literary profession(s), that period. birthplace, education, etc., with cross-references to the main listing; following the index is a set of maps, pp. [417- Dean, John. "'A Curious Note in the Wind': The New Literary 447]. About Lewis: birthplace and later home in Belfast (p. Genre of Heroic Fantasy". .New Mexico Humanities Review,, 21a); his schooling at Malvern (p. 124b); his education at 2:2 (Summer 1979), 34-4-1 [Lewis, 37-38; Tolkien, 36J. University College, Oxford (p. 273b); his life as a don, with Dean offers an interesting appraisal of the heroic fantasy seven book title s , at Magdalen College, Oxford—as well as his genre, with emphasis on Robert Howard's Conan stories, Poul house in Kiln Lane (p. 267b); his fellowship at Magdalene Col­ Anderson's The Broken Sword, and Michael Moorcock's Storm- lege, Cambridge, with three book title s (the guide seems to bringer. He defines some of the characteristics of the genre say he died at Magdalene College, vihich is an error)(p. 46b ) . in characterization, plot, and setting. The references to No reference to his being tutored in Great Bookham, Surrey. Lewis and Tolkien are minor. Dean rules Tolkien out as a About Tolkien: his undergraduate days at Exeter College, w riter of heroic fantasy because of his "admixture of domes-, Oxford (p. 265b); his professorship of Anglo-Saxon at Pem­ tic comedy" in his hobbits; the Ransom Trilogy is "a deriva­ broke College, Oxford, with reference to scholarly and crea­ tive work of fantasy literature" vihich is "self-consciously tive works (p. 270b); his Merton Professorship of English m oralistic [and] contrived." Language and Literature, at Merton College, Oxford, with ref­ erence to his completion of The Lord of the Rings (p. 269a). de Camp, L. Sprague, and Catherine Crook de Camp. Science No reference to his childhood in Birmingham, etc. About Wil­ Fiction Handbook, Revised. [Subtitle on the cover only: liams: a satisfactory note about his years at Oxford, exclud­ How to Write and Sell Imaginative Stories.] 1953; rev. ing his dramatic works and lecturing: his membership in the 1975- New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company (McGraw-Hill Inklings, with meetings at the Eagle and Child (Tolkien men­ Paperbacks), 1977- xii + 220 pp. Index. [Lewis, 35-37, tioned); four books cited, including Arthurian Torso, ed. 39*, 48, 70, 124, 205*; Tolkien, 27*, 35, 37*, 48-49, 53*, Lewis; his grave (p. 259b). Williams, the quintessential 70*, 72*, 118, 132 , 206*; Williams, 35, 70—pages with Londoner, has no London references. About Campbell: his early married days in Soho, London (p. 2l6a); his next years in astericks are not in the index.] This volume is prim arily rational, common sense advice to the Meyllteym Sam, Gwynedd (p. 241b); his period in Oxford is would-be w riter: how to plot (in rather general terms), hovi mentioned in passing, but not his membership in (or visiting to organize financial records, what to look for in a book of) the Inklings (p. 273b). About Cecil: a quotation from his contract, etc. It begins with a two-chapter history of fan­ biography of William Cowper is used (p. 256a ) . tasy and science fiction, which includes an account of Charles Williams (one paragraph, p. 35), not mentioning by title ei­ G illiland, Alex. "Joan of Ore". Yandro fa fanzine], 26:2-3/ ther of his last two novels, usually considered his best, and 247-248 (August-September 1979), 38. C. S. Lewis (five paragraphs, pp. 35-37), dismissing the A cartoon. Joan is wearing a helmet with an eye painted on it, and she is thinking, "Today, Mordor, tomorrowf,] Middle Chronicles of Narnia for being too religious and discussing e a r th !" th e Ransom T rilo g y more f u lly . The de Camps f in d G nosticism and Neo-Platonism in Out of the Silent Planet, evidently on the basis that Satan, the ruler of the earth, is "perverted Goodall, Jane. "Life and Death at Gombe". National Geo­ or psychotic", although the Neo-Platonism may be charged to graphic , 155:5 (May 1979), 592-621. [Tolkien, 603, 609, there being spiritual rulers on each of the planets. The de 6l4. J Camps m is-em phasize c lo th e s p e r se as b ein g a b a s is o f temp­ The names given to the chimpanzees studied in Tanzania by Jane tation in Perelandra. Their description of Lewis's caricature Goodall show some influence of Tolkien's works. An infant, of H. G. Wells as Horace Jules in That Hideous Strength as bom c. 1976, was named Frodo—which could have been an acci­ being "venomous" is probably true only if one thinks Wells is dental combination of letters but that another, born c. 1975, in danger of being poisoned for speaking Cockney and "ponti­ was previously named Gandalf. (For their lineage, see the ficatin g ] on things he knows nothing about"—which are given family chart on pp. 602-603.) Of the two, Frodo survived and as the bases of the de Camps' charge; more accurately, the is mentioned in the text of Goodall's article (pp. 609, 614). N.I.C.E. is precisely the type of movement whose public goals the later Wells would have supported, particularly if he Guying G yre, No. 7/8 (n.d. [1977]), 1-70, [71-110]. Edited thought he was in charge. The de Camps find that the first by Gil Gaier. two Ransom novels "sag under the author's didacticism" and A fan magazine edited by a high-school English teacher; the that they "are so pretty and perfect as to be insipid". The purpose is a numerical evaluation of science-fiction novels. authors mistake Lewis's views about science, presumably never The first part of this two-section issue (the latter without having read Lewis's "Reply to Professor Haldane". They also numbered pages) contains several items in memory of Thomas make a minor error in the meeting times of the Inklings. Two Burnett Swann, an American paperback fantasy w riter. In one historical paragraphs on the popularity of The Lord of the of these essays, Robert E. Blenheim's "Thomas Burnett Swann Rings appear on p. 48. Indeed, Tolkien receives little criti­ (1928-1976): An Appraisal of His Novels" (pp. 13-20), several cism as such; mainly the de Camps compare his viork's popularity comparisons of Swann to Tolkien appear in the introductory to that of Robert Howard's Conan stories (pp. 49, 132). Lewis, section (pp. 13-14); in general, Blenheim thinks Swann a more

46 delicate w riter, more of a m iniaturist, than is Tolkien. In [Hildebrandt, Greg and Tim.] The Art of the Brothers Hilde- the latter part of this first section, several evaluations brandt. With an introductory essay by lan bummers. New of Lewis's works (p. 28) and Tolkien's (pp. 55, 70) appear York: Ballantine Books, 1979. iv + 104 pp. [Tolkien, in the letters. In the second section, a list of authors 3-5, 10-12, 24-53.] and title s appears, with several fans' evaluative numbers: Summers, in his untitled introductory essay (pp. 3-12), gives Lewis, pp. [87], [105-106]; Tolkien, p. [109]. In general, a biography of the Hildebrandt brothers with some appreciative Tolkien is ranked highly by the fans—in the eighties and comments on their art. Specifically on Tolkien, he mentions nineties, on a hundred-point scale; and Lewis, very much up an oak tree near their studio used in one of their Tolkien and down—from the nineties through the forties. calendar illustrations, and a clay model of Shelob (p. 3 ) ; he tells of his experiences as art director of Ballantine Books while looking for an illustrator for the 1976 Tolkien calen­ dar, with the Hildebrandts showing up with about fifty black- and-white drawings in black plastic garbage bags (pp. 4- 6 ) . "the images they create, with few exceptions, are true to the descriptions in the book. . . . They made the Hobbits look like English working-class people, because this is what Tol­ kien intended. The biggest liberties they took were in their portrayal of Gandalf, who was described by Tolkien as having long eyebrows that extended beyond the rim of his hat. Greg and Tim eliminated Gandalf*s silver scarf because they just didn’t feel it worked" (p. 11). "The three Tolkien calendars are substantially different when examined side by side. The 1976 calendar is much less painterly [sic] than the 1978 c a l­ endar . Yet there is a continuity in characterizations and style throughout" (pp. 11-12). Summers also describes their celebration of the publication of the first calendar and ex­ plains their reason for stopping their Tolkien paintings: they felt they had exhausted what they had to do with the material (p . 12). The paintings reproduced include six black-and-white illu s­ tr a t io n s f o r The Sword o f S hannara (Hew York: Random House, 1977), Terry Brooks' im itation of The Lord of the Rings: "Shirl Assists Menion to Safety at her Father's House" (p. 18; note also the photographic study for this painting on p. 8; Highet, G ilbert. "Tolkien and Time Fiction" (side B of cas­ novel, p. 459); "Stenmin Stabs Palance Buckhannan in the Dun­ sette no. 23295). In "The Gilbert Highet Audio Cassette geons" (p. 19; novel, p. 587); "Allanon Recounts the History Series on Literature and Great W riters". New York: Jeffrey of the Races and the Legend of the Sword of Shannara" (p. 20; Norton Publishers/Audio Division, n.d. (Note: this cas­ n o v e l, p . 35 ); "The Elven Brothers Fight Off an Attack of sette is also available in Audio Library No. 79, Sci Fi Gnomes in the Great Hall at Druid's Keep" (p. 21; novel, p. and Time Fiction, distributed by Prentice Hall Media, 303); "Shea's F irst View of the Skull Kingdom" (p. 22; novel, which includes two cassettes on science fiction with this P- 653); "Shea Discovers the Power of the Sword" (p. 23; side only of Highet's cassette.) novel, p. 689). The paintings on pp. 135 and 284 of the novel Highet distinguishes between space fiction (SF), or space are not reproduced; none of the paintings is titled in the fantasy, and time fiction, or time fantasy. Most time fan­ novel. In color is the dust jacket of Brooks' novel, without tasy is about the future—W ells' The Time Machine. Orwell's the title and author's name (p. 73), and its centerfold, here 1984—but it can also be about the past. This is not the title d "The Seekers of the Sword" (p. 75; novel, between pp. same thing as historical fiction, which is supposed to depict 3 4 4 -3 4 5 ). the past cor ctly, but fiction laid about a time and area of The following are the Tolkien m aterials: first, from the which we know little , such as Easter Island, or in some never- 1976 calendar: "Bilbo at Rivendell" (p. 25; calendar, April, never land about which the author must invent details. An but here without the title printed), "The Fellowship of the example of this latter is E. R. Eddison's works, which are Ring" (pp. 26-27;^calendar centerfold, but here without the laid in an era rather like the late Middle Ages. (Highet title printed), "Eowyn and the Nazgul" (p. 29; calendar, No­ says nothing about their nominal setting on Mercury in one of vember); second, from the 1977 calendar: "Smaug" (p. 31; Janu­ Eddison's books.) But better than Eddison's works is Tol- ary), "The Balrog" (p. 33; A pril), "Lothlorien" (p. 35; May), kien's The Lord of the Rings: it is "very carefully written", "An Unexpected Party" (pp. 36-37; centerfold}, "Siege of Minas and, despite its many jokes and comic characters, it has the Tirith" (p. 3 9; September), "The Healing of Eowyn" (p. 41; serious theme of a war between the forces of evil and the forces of good. The ring itself is a symbol for wealth, a October), "The Wedding of the King" (p. 43; December); and type of power, and a type of knowledge. Highet describes the third, from the 1978 calendar: "Old Man Willow" (p. 45; Feb­ two sides, saying humans are minor (and here not mentioning ruary), "Gollum" (p. 47; May), "The Return of Gandalf" (p. hobbits), finding them not much more extreme than Apaches vs. 49; June), "At the Grey Havens" (pp. 50-51; centerfold), Norse warriors—in other words, the elves vs. the goblins can "Shelob" (p. 53; November). The scrolls which bear the title s function as human symbols. Highet analyzes the place and time of the 1977 and 1978 paintings in the calendar (usually cover­ of the story: since mere are no jungles or tropical swamps, ing the bottom portion of the paintings) seem to have been the place turns out to be much like northwest Europe; the wea­ done separately and overlaid on the paintings, since they do pons, etc., suggest a time between Beowulf and the stories of not appear in these reproductions. King Arthur. So The Lord of the Rings is a time fantasy a- Bibliographic note: according to the listing of this book bout England or a country like it during the Dark Ages. (Ob­ in Locus: The Newspaper of the Science Fiction Field, 12:3/220 viously here, as with Eddison, Highet is not interested in the (April 19791, 20, there are three versions of this book: a nominal setting, but is attempting to place the story within hardcover and a softcover both by Ballantine Books, and a the framework of human development.) hardcover distributed by the Science Fiction Book Club. The "I much enjoyed reading the long, rambling, exciting tale former two versions have their pages numbered throughout fLo­ of adventures", but neither the hero nor the villain is worthy cus savs they each have 96 pp.), and the book club edition is of the story. The hero is a hobbit—which term, obviously de­ unpaginated. The above review is taken from the latter ver­ rives from human rabbit; the villain is "a wet and sneaking sion and should technically read: [i-iv] + [l- 2 ] + 3-23 + [ 24- figure" who lives on fish—he is something like a lizard. The 104]. The essay by Summers and the pages of black-and-white attempt to make the hobbit heroic is "as though A lice's White paintings are numbered; the rest is not. (Presumably Locus Rabbit had changed into Parsifal and obtained the Holy G rail". is in error about there being only 96 p p .) Highet mentions that C. S. Lewis and W. H. Auden have praised the work, and he places The Lord of the Rings into the tradi­ Lindskoog, Kathryn. "Roots". The Christian Century, 94:9 tion of northern myths and the romantic literature of the past (16 March 1977), 251. century, especially that of William Morris, but also (among Lindskoog, checking her dictionary of what Lewis meant by others) George MacDonald, Charles Williams, and C. S. Lewis. vertue, discovers the difference between virtue and virago.

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