Volume: 1 Issue: 5 August - September 2015 ` 10/- Bimonthly, Chennai

A Bi-monthly Magazine of Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association Volume: 1 Issue: 5 August - September 2015

Chairman Mr. Madhusudan Khemka Managing Director Contents Page No. Regen Powertech Pvt. Ltd., Chennai Message from Ms. Varsha Joshi, IAS, Joint Secretary, MNRE 3 Vice Chairman By 2020 Denmark to Meet its 50% Wind Energy Target 4 Mr. Chintan Shah With contribution from the Danish Wind Industry Association - by President & Head, (SBD) Shruti Shukla (Director, Policy and Projects, GWEC) Suzlon Energy Limited, Pune Wind Energy under Full Sail? 5 Clinton Davis, VP Renewable Solutions, Enterprise Software, ABB, Sacramento, California, USA Honorary Secretary Forecasting Project in Tamil Nadu - Interview with 9 Mr. Devansh Jain IWPA Chairman Prof. Dr. K. Kasthurirangaian Director, Inox Wind Limited, Noida Scheduling & Forecasting in Rajasthan - An IWTMA Initiatve 12 Om Taneja, Associate Director, IWTMA, New Delhi Executive Members Wind Energy Forecasting and Scheduling in India 14 Mr. Ramesh Kymal Balawant Joshi, Managing Director, Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai Chairman & Managing Director Gamesa Renewable Pvt. Ltd., Chennai Framework for Scheduling and Forecasting of Renewable Energy 18 Mr. Sarvesh Kumar Dr. Balaraman K and Chandra Shekhar Reddy Atla M/s Power Research & Development Consultants Pvt Ltd., Bangalore Deputy Managing Director RRB Energy Ltd., New Delhi Wind/Solar Power Forecasting and the Way Forward 26 Mr. V.K. Krishnan Siddhartha Priyadarshi and Vishal Pandya, REConnect Energy Solutions Private Limited Executive Director Scheduling and Despatch in Indian Power System 30 Leitner Shriram Mfg. Ltd., Chennai Balaji V., Deputy General Manager, SRLDC, POSOCO, Bangalore Mr. Ajay Mehra Know Your Wind Energy State - Tamil Nadu - A Snapshot 34 Director, Wind World India Limited, Mumbai Compiled by Mr. Nitin Raikar, Suzlon Energy Limited, Mumbai

Snippets on Wind Power 36 Secretary General Photo Feature: Tamil Nadu Global Investors Meet, SAD Meeting 39

Mr. D.V. Giri, IWTMA, Chennai Know Your Member - WINDAR Renewable Energy 40

Associate Director and Editor

Dr. Rishi Muni Dwivedi, IWTMA, Chennai Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association 4th Floor, Samson Tower, 403 L, Pantheon Road, Egmore Views expressed in the magazine Chennai - 600 008. Tel : 044 43015773 Fax : 044 4301 6132 are those of the authors and do Email : [email protected] not necessarily reflect those of the [email protected] Association, Editor, Publisher or Author's Website : www.indianwindpower.com Organization. (For Internal Circulation only) From the Desk of the Chairman - IWTMA

Dear Readers,

Greetings from IWTMA!

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has announced the 2nd Edition of RE-Invest in February 2016. The inaugural session of RE-Invest 2015 inaugurated by the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, made the industry think from MW to GW with a laudable target of 100 GW of Solar, 60 GW of Wind and 15 GW from other RE sources.

The endorsement of enthusiasm is still active in the minds of the manufacturing community and the investment community and to a large extent the financial institutions as well. However, State issues of Policies and Regulations on a concurrent subject like power is not allowing capacity addition to take place as the industry expected. As against a target of 4 GW in 2015-16, the industry lingers around 2.2 GW to 2.3 GW annually.

To address this issue, IWTMA along with CII-GBC is conducting Regional Workshops in prominent wind states with all the stakeholders as they are the prime movers in this number crunching game. The Regional Workshops will cover the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh and culminate with a National Conclave in Delhi.

Various agencies have estimated the wind resource potential of the country and we now have final official Wind Resource Assessment document from National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) with a potential of 302 GW. This was formally launched by the Hon’ble Minister for Coal, Power and Renewable Energy, Shri. Piyush Goyal, recently in Delhi.

While the Green Corridor Development Programme to help connectivity and evacuation is progressing, Government is seized of the exciting opportunities in interstate transaction and not limit to the host state alone. The industry expects waiver of CTU charges and rationalizing STU charges.

Wind Power over the years has carried the label of infirm power which is a limitation to higher penetration and a source worry for the State Load Management Centre. Forecasting and Scheduling and its techniques have been practiced in many countries. NIWE has taken up a programme along with MNRE, TANGEDCO and IWPA for forecasting and scheduling of wind power in Tamil Nadu. Similarly, IWTMA has taken up a programme in Rajasthan to be replicated in other wind states.

In this issue of ‘INDIAN WIND POWER’, we have a special theme on Forecasting and Scheduling with articles contributed by renowned persons in this field.

COP21 on Climate Change and Global Warming is due in November ’15 in Paris. Many countries are endorsing energy security through RE sources and a few countries have given up coal and oil stocks. IWTMA dedicates itself for energy contribution to control pollution and carbon foot print.

We do hope that the thinkers and planners of our country share the same thoughts in our movement towards “Clean Green Power Forever”.

Wishing our Readers a Happy Dussehra and Colourful Diwali to brighten our hopes and future of our nation.

With warm regards,

Madhusudan Khemka Chairman

2 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 3 By 2020 Denmark to Meet its 50% Wind Energy Target

With contribution from the Danish Wind Industry Association - by Shruti Shukla (Director, Policy and Projects, GWEC)

expected to happen more frequently in the future with more capacity to be built and integrated. Denmark used this surplus electricity in other parts of the energy system especially in the transport and heating sectors.

The Danish district heating system covers over 60% of all buildings and provides excellent opportunities for using electricity at times when wind energy production is high and prices are low.

Decades of successfully integrating wind energy into the power system have given Denmark the know-how and confidence to set a deadline for moving beyond fossil fuel use. According to Energinet.dk, the transmission system operator Denmark is a unique case study for wind power generation supplying Denmark with electricity and natural gas, Denmark and integration both onshore and offshore. The government’s is in the process of transitioning from an energy system ‘strategic intent’ is to carry this renewables based transition of where generation is adapted to consumption to one where its energy system to its logical end i.e. zero dependence on oil consumption is adapted to generation. Implementation of and gas. this long-term energy plan requires an increased scalability in By 2020 Denmark plans for wind energy to occupy a 50% energy production, consumption and trading. share of its electricity generation as part of its plans to phase Grid operators and energy companies are specialised in out fossil fuels by 2050. The share of wind power in the Danish forecasting the production and demand for renewable energy electricity consumption has increased steadily during the last in Denmark and neighbouring countries (Germany, Norway and three years from 30% in 2012, to 33% in 2013. In 2014, Sweden) as part of the Northern European power market. wind turbines provided 39.1% of Danish electricity. This share is expected to grow further this year. Further efforts are on-going to interlink to the Dutch and the UK power markets. Energinet.dk is working closely with the Today globally, Denmark has the highest consumption of wind transmission system operator TenneT, supplying the Dutch and energy on a per capita basis. In 2014, 860 kW of wind energy German markets, to build a 700 MW and 320 km submarine was installed per 1,000 Danish citizens. In comparison, this cable linking the Danish and Dutch electricity system. Energinet. number was 250 kW for the other EU-28 countries. dk is also working together with National Grid, the transmission Denmark has been a historical leader in the development of system operator in England to assess the possibilities of laying wind power technology. It has focused on developing a robust, a 600 km cable to the UK. transnational and flexible integrated energy system, which By 2035 wind is likely to meet 75% of the demand for heat is capable of handling large volumes of variable renewable and power, with about half of that coming from offshore wind energy generation. Denmark’s energy system provides secure capacity. Denmark’s experience with wind power can provide and stable electricity supply to its consumers, while increasingly valuable lessons for Indian grid operators and power producers integrating wind energy into the grid. towards meeting the government’s stated target of 175GW of From time to time there are days when wind turbines produce renewables based generation by 2022. more than a 100% of Denmark’s electricity needs. This is

4 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 Wind Energy under Full Sail?

Despite Challenges, Forecasting and Scheduling Technology is helping Wind to become an increasingly Important and Reliable Source of Energy

Clinton Davis, VP, Renewable Solutions, Enterprise Software, ABB, Sacramento, California, USA

There has never been a more challenging time in the power On the other hand, each day seems to present power producers industry than today, but also perhaps never a time so full of with new and better ways to leverage the growing resource of opportunity. renewable energy, particularly wind – as installations over the One the one hand, modern electricity transmission and last several years have demonstrated. The ABB Energy Advisors distribution networks are undergoing dramatic changes. They Reference Case models, which provide 25-year forecasts of have to cope with more distributed and renewable energy power markets demonstrate this fact in key markets such as resources, more data from smart power equipment and meters the US and Germany, generally seen as bellwethers for the and more regulatory pressure to run efficiently. Adding to the renewable power industry (see Figures 1 & 2). complicated changes at play, the typical distribution network is Thanks to recent developments in energy resource forecasting changing from one that connects producers and consumers in and scheduling technology, wind has an increasing capacity a one-way power flow to one that carries flow in both directions for greater integration onto the power grid, enhancing wind’s in a complex, dynamic way. reliability as a power source.

Figure 1

Source: Internal ABB - ABB Energy Advisors Reference Case model; North American Reference Case

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 5 Figure 2

Source: Internal ABB - ABB Energy Advisors Reference Case model; German Reference Case

Improvements in Wind Forecasting information to forecast probable mean time between failures. That enables service at a time when it’s really needed, but Another area where technology is helping power producers to before the turbine blades stop spinning. leverage wind is the area of forecasting. Weather-based business forecasting has become a serious business. Advancements in Short-term forecasts of renewable energy availability continue forecasting technology are having a tremendous impact for to improve due to more sophisticated sensors, monitoring and energy executives calculating future renewable investments. data processing capabilities, and highly granular fundamental While the nature of forecasts means that outcomes are climate predictions. Both renewable energy providers and sometimes far from what was forecasted, no prudent investor utilities need to know how much power can be produced and or utility will get involved in a renewables project without some available in the coming hours in order to optimize generation pretty serious consideration of how things might look in the and ensure a sufficient supply of power. future. As the timeframe moves out from hours to decades, we enter There’s a rough continuum from higher to lower certainty in the realm of big picture, long-term forecasting that is far more making predictions. For the forecasting done to determine challenging. It’s tough to answer questions like “What is the the viability of prospective wind or solar farms, we can look value of this wind farm over the next 25 years?” with a great backward and do a solid job of projecting forward to predict deal of certainty. Which isn’t to say that this kind of forecasting potential availability of sun and wind at a given site. has no value. It does a tremendous job of providing scenarios Current forecasting systems also do a good job of helping related to technical and commercial factors. What happens if asset managers and maintenance crews schedule service the portfolio of available renewables goes up 20 percent in more efficiently. We see less of the run-to-failure or fixed- 10 years? Forecasting helps answer some really interesting interval approaches to decide when to dispatch crews. Instead, questions about what should be done to best profit from asset managers are increasingly assessing actual asset health renewables investment.

6 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015

Advanced Technology for Enhanced Forecasts demand is met at least cost while conforming to transmission and generation operational, technical and commercial ABB helps make this a reality with its advanced solutions like constraints. A generator and portfolio modeling system, Nostradamus and PROMOD. PROMOD provides nodal Locational Marginal Price (LMP) Nostradamus is used for mainly short-term forecasting of forecasting and transmission analysis by producing algorithms renewable resources such as wind and solar, and regional that align with the decision focus of management. Among its demand. It uses a neural network enabling users to track nodal features are renewable energy curtailment to simulate forecasts with actual values as well as update new information the effects of intermittent energy schedules from wind on as it becomes available. The neural network algorithm learns transmission congestion, and forecast the amount of energy the pattern of load or price changes from numerous weather that would be curtailed considering the opportunity costs from variables as well as day of week, time of year and holidays production tax credits. And, a key zonal feature is power market by learning from historical data. Other input data includes analysis for quantifying the operating risks associated with each historical load, weather, price, customer /account, transmission, facility and developing a detailed forecast of market prices and congestion, and generation data. During day to day operations, system operation under various conditions. the system can augment what it has learned with new information (called “dynamic weighting adjustment”). Summary

Furthermore, Nostradamus can plot actual vs. forecast over Forecasting will never be perfect, but it can be very accurate. time to give the finest detail needed to clearly isolate specific Even when it isn’t, it is helpful for planning around the volatility points in time where the new model is not measuring up (see and uncertainty of policy, weather, prices and a host of other Figure 3). This allows users to make necessary changes quickly. issues. Considering the critical need to predict commercial, technical and operational aspects of renewable energy PROMOD takes as input the forecasts and optimizes system generation, forecasting is certainly something to which investors, operation (generation and transmission) to ensure system planners, and operators need to devote considerable attention.

Figure 3

Source: Internal ABB

8 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 Forecasting Project in Tamil Nadu - Interview with IWPA Chairman Prof. Dr. K. Kasthurirangaian

Introduction: IWPA has taken the initiative in Tamil Nadu for setting up of a State-wide Forecasting mechanism for 7500 MW to enable optimal evacuation of wind energy. To understand this mechanism, Editor, “Indian Wind Power” magazine and Associate Director, IWTMA (Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association) Dr. Rishi Muni Dwivedi had an interview with IWPA Chairman Prof. Dr. K Kasthurirangaian. We thank him for very clear and specific answers about the project. 1. What is the future of wind energy within the overall energy mix? Dr. K.K.: Wind energy is the only source of energy which does not require water at all. Wind energy installations in India are growing at 27% CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate). Currently, India is the fourth largest country in the world in terms of wind energy installations. Given the decisions of various State Electricity Regulatory Commissions about the RPO fixation and its enforcement, we believe it will take the growth of wind energy to 20% of the total energy required by 2022. We are hopeful Forecasting at Substation Level that India will achieve the target of 60 GW, set by the As you are aware, the high wind season lasts only for five Government. months from May to September every year. If evacuation 2. Please tell why your Association has taken up does not take place during these five months, we will not this Forecasting Project? only lose God’s gift of free and clean energy but investors will also loose heavily. Dr. K.K.: Ideally, this infrastructure should have been facilitated by the Government. Two to three billion units 3. Why is Forecasting so essential in evacuating of wind power was being lost each year in 2013 and wind energy? 2014 because of back down of Wind Mills since there Dr. K.K.: Forecasting is essential for scheduling wind is no mechanism to predict the wind generation and the energy primarily for the following two reasons: investors are affected financially. Industries depending on captive power from wind mills were affected the most. a. Energy should be consumed as soon as it is generated. Utility lost the opportunity to buy cheap and clean power Presently, we do not have a storage mechanism for available in the State. The consumers were also affected. such large quantum of energy. Hence the Association with the support of its Wind b. Wind energy is not only seasonal but is variable and Generator Members decided to come forward and sponsor intermittent. We have to provide a visibility to Grid the setting up of the facilities as an “industry sponsored operator as to how much of wind energy is likely to project” utilizing the capability of NIWE. be generated. We are thankful that the MNRE, State Government and Wind energy is termed as “infirm power” since there is NIWE had readily accepted the offer and thus the project wide variation from one day to the next and also the intra- is taking shape. day variation can be high.

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 9 Thankfully these days we have the technology to assess the wind generators had benefitted partially but next year with a reasonable degree of accuracy of how much wind we will see the full benefits of installing this Forecasting energy is likely to be generated in the next 15 minutes, mechanism. next one hour, next day, one week ahead, etc. The information regarding the likely generation of wind power, 6. Is the State Utility using the forecast data given will help the SLDC to give visibility of the likely quantum by NIWE/IWPA? of generation of wind energy and helps to schedule the Dr. K.K.: Presently, we are giving forecast based on power thus facilitating evacuation optimally. the partial installations. However, this has a fairly good accuracy. It is through this process that on August 11, 4. Why was NIWE chosen as the Forecasting 2015, 84.359 million units was evacuated which is the Service Provider? highest evacuation till date. The system needs to be fine- Dr. K.K.: This is an interesting story. We have made tuned for better accuracy. Since this is the first project of this offer of installing the forecasting infrastructure to its kind, there is obviously a few teething troubles and Tamil Nadu SLDC almost two years back. We had even some learning involved. It is like learning to ride a bicycle. mentioned that the infrastructure once installed would be We may falter here and there before mastering the art the property of the SLDC. However, the SLDC was hesitant of riding the bicycle. Same analogy holds good for the to accept this offer from the generators. In February 2015, Forecasting exercise. the Government organized the REINVEST at New Delhi. An ambitious target of 175 GW of renewable energy, 7. Tell us briefly how this system works? which includes 60 GW of wind energy was announced by the Government. The very next month sometime in May Dr. K.K.: To give a forecast we need the following three 2015, Government soon realised that in order to increase inputs: capacity the evacuation problems primarily in Tamil Nadu a. Past historical data for two years. This will give the had to be resolved. As you know, Tamil Nadu accounts for generation pattern in the immediate past. This is a 40% of the wind energy installations in the country. crucial input to the software algorithm for generating MNRE came to the conclusion that having a reliable the forecast. This data is taken from the past hand forecasting mechanism is the only answer to ensure written records maintained at the individual Wind further growth of the wind industry. Therefore, MNRE in Pooling Substations. consultation with the SLDC had sanctioned expeditiously b. Real time generation of wind energy. This is a Pilot Forecasting Project in Tamil Nadu at Ayyanaruthu provided by the setting up of self-consuming energy Wind Pooling substation. NIWE was given the responsibility meters at the Wind Pooling Substations. The meters of implementing the project. It was a coincidence that just will furnish real time data i.e. how much wind a year back four of the scientists at NIWE were trained in energy is being generated right now. This real time Spain in the Forecasting software. data is relayed to the servers located at NIWE / When we learnt of this development, with the support SLDC automatically as configured. Generally, when of most of our Wind Generator Members we offered to generation is taken across a larger geographic area, sponsor the entire project thus enlarging the scope of the the accuracy is better & works out deeper. Pilot Project. This proposal was readily accepted by MNRE, c. Meteorological Data. This involves getting satellite NIWE and TANGEDCO. That is how NIWE became an data of the prevailing weather condition (present important Forecaster in this Project. and predicted) where all the wind mills are located. 5. What is the MNRE’s role in this project? Therefore, the GPS coordinates i.e. Latitude and Longitude of each and every wind mill and substation Dr. K.K.: MNRE has been a pillar of support for RE is needed for the purpose as well as hub height & development. Without MNRE’s intervention and push this Power curve of WEG. project would not have taken off in such a short notice. The role played by MNRE is crucial not only in the sanctioning All the three types of data are synthesized in the of the project but also getting all the constituents together Forecasting software and the Forecast output is and bringing coordination amongst them. generated. It is through this process that we are able to predict with a reasonable level of accuracy the This project is complex and numerous hurdles are coming likely wind generation. when we are taking this project forward. Thankfully we are in the last leg and we hope to complete the project It may be mentioned that the accuracy level depends by the end of August 2015. Therefore, this wind season, upon the quality of input. If reliable input is given

10 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 then the accuracy goes up otherwise there could be recalibrated to six decimal units and this further delayed deviations. Nevertheless with the passage of time the process. All these meters were custom built exclusively the Forecasting model has to be trained to provide for the project. better accuracy over a period of continuous real time There were also connectivity issues due to network. For data the accuracy will improve. The deviations can be example, a few SS located in remote areas when they face contained to a single digit. power outages, there is a break in the transmission of data from the individual SS to NIWE. Such incidents affected 8. How these data are analysed? the flow of real-time data. Real-time generation data is one Dr. K.K.: The data analysis is done at NIWE. Firstly, the of the key inputs in updating the forecast data. historical data given to NIWE is digitized in a specific form Due to sudden changes in atmospheric conditions, the and fed into the software model developed by NIWE in pattern may suddenly change, which the software is not collaboration with Vortex Factoria de Calculs, S.L. a Spanish able to at times quickly adapt to these sudden changes. company which is specialised in Forecasting. These are some of the difficulties we faced when NIWE NIWE has created an automated system to pick up and was analyzing the data, but all have been overcome. process the real-time generation data. This processed input is continuously fed into the forecast model. 10. What is the current deviation and how can this deviation be minimised and improve the 9. What are the difficulties in adapting the data? accuracy? Dr. K.K.: Generally, it is the quality pertaining to the one- Dr. K.K.: Presently on an average the deviation is contained time input of historical data. These data are manually within 10%. With more training and accuracy of inputs, we recorded since SCADA systems are not available in all expect the deviation could be brought down. the Wind Pooling Sub-stations. Since the historical data is 11. How will this project fit within the overall recorded manually it is time consuming to collect data at framework of the REMC (Renewable Energy Site & to digitize and verify the accuracy of the data entry. Management Centre) proposed by PGCIL This has caused a delay in implementing the project. (Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.)? At a few substations, which were newly installed, there are Dr. K.K.: We have been given a draft of the REMC no SCADA data. framework and a clear picture is yet to emerge. PGCIL may The specification of the meters as approved by TANGEDCO/ be installing REMC in TN in 2015-16. We have requested TANTRANSCO had meter reading with two decimals. NIWE PGCIL officials to expedite installation and promise them wanted more accuracy and insisted on the meter reading all support from IWPA. These details will emerge in the to reflect to one millionth of a unit. The meters had to be coming months.

Wind Atlas Released by NIWE

NIWE has released its wind resources assessment findings in the form of a wind atlas launched by the Minister of NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WIND ENERGY State (Independent Charge) Power, Coal and New & Formerly Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) Renewable Energy, Piyush Chennai Goyal, on 2nd September 2105. India’s installable wind energy potential has been NIWE is organising estimated to be 302 GW 18th National Training Course on with towers of a height of 100 metres. This will help in “Wind Energy Technology” development of hybrid solar from 26th to 30th October 2015 at Chennai. and wind systems which would help stabilize the grid and better utilize the For details please visit the transmission network. Earlier, NIWE website India’s wind energy potential was measured to be at www.niwe.res.in or around 100 GW with a tower write to [email protected]. height of 80 metres.

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 11 Scheduling & Forecasting in Rajasthan - An IWTMA Initiatve

Om Taneja, Associate Director, IWTMA, New Delhi

IWTMA has taken an initiative of coordinating Scheduling & • Compilation of schedule data included all Revisions, as per Forecasting for the state of Rajasthan. The state has the total regulation for submission to SLDC. installed capacity of approx 3300 MW. The major players are Suzlon, Wind World, Inox, Regen Powertech & Gamesa. Most • Co-ordination with SLDC, RDPPC, Sub Stations, of the projects are SCADA enabled and connected to State Developers / Investors or any other designated agency. Transmission Units (STU) with DISCOM. • To arrange actual generation report from Developers/ Presently SLDC is not equipped for analysis of deviation Investors /DISCOM between scheduled power and actual injection. There is no Data integration system in between Pooling substations and • Analysis of Actual & forecasted Data and subsequent effects SLDC for getting the details of Power injection at any time. SLDC is getting data on phone/email and manually maintain • To prepare Daily, Weekly & Monthly Reports covering a log book, which is not very reliable as the data is received at Analysis, Shortcomings, issues of curtailment by SLDC, different timings, hence not comparable. Availability of actual Actual Vs Forecasted Deviation etc. data of Injected Power is possible only after 30 days from the MRI record. We believe that the State of Rajasthan will be totally connected IWTMA is consolidating a forecast of above 2900 MW on day by accuracy on forecasting and scheduling by the year end. ahead basis and forwarding to SLDC before 10:30 AM daily. This schedule is expected to cover above 3200 MW by end of Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Limited has written to the year. MNRE appreciating the efforts of IWTMA for the initiative taken in collection and consolidation of forecasting data from various Presently IWTMA is playing a role as a single co-ordinating agency for compiling all Forecast data as received from generators. various generators and forwarding to SLDC. This exercise is static in nature and IWTMA is working to make the exercise dynamic form of SLDC SCADA in IEC 104 protocol S&F, so that the prevailing Regulations can be adhered to and the exercise is useful for the Aggregator’s analyzing System state. GPRS Modem with IEC 104 Protocol OEM Routers The proposed scheme (tentative) for the Substation 1 IWTMA exercise is as sketched below.

GPRS Modem with

This exercise will be beneficial for all the IEC 104 Protocol 1Mbps 1Mbps 1Mbps stakeholders, like developers, generators, Substation 2 Internet Service Inox SLDC Rajasthan, Power Distribution companies Provider cloud of Rajasthan, Rajasthan discom power GPRS Modem with procurement centre etc. IEC 104 Protocol Substation 3 Windworld A study of available systems at Pooling sub stations is under progress and once the study GPRS Modem with IEC 104 Protocol is over, one of the coordinating agencies Substation “N” 1 (aggregator) will be selected to take over, who Gamesa Regen Suzlon will be responsible for:

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Balawant Joshi, Managing Director, Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai

Introduction Different approaches to forecasting: Wind forecasting is generally based on the required forecasting horizon; which is India has the fourth highest wind installed capacity in the broadly categorised based on duration-long term (day ahead/ world. As on 30.06.2015, the total installed capacity for wind seasonal) and short term (hour ahead) forecast. The basic energy in India was 23,763 MW. With such large scale wind power deployment, and with even more aggressive target for approaches for forecasting are enlisted below: harnessing the wind energy in the near future, wind industry • Physical Method (Numerical Based): A Numerical is going to play a significant role in the operation of electricity Weather Prediction (NWP) model is the commonly used markets and power systems. In the past, on several occasions, method for forecasting of weather elements represented System Operators in India have been forced to curtail wind by equations of physics through the use of numerical energy generation though wind enjoys ‘Must Run’ status methods. owing to its intermittent nature. This has resulted in loss of generation and revenue for wind projects impacting the project • Statistical Method: In this method, relationship between viability. The practice of forecasting wind power generation wind speed prediction and measured power output from and scheduling the same is envisaged as a potential solution the wind farm is derived to predict the wind power. to tackle the issues posed by the intermittency. This is also expected to increase the acceptability of intermittent generating • Hybrid Method: It is a combination of above mentioned source like wind among the system operators and allow better forecasting methods with the proper tools. management of the Grid. Different approaches to scheduling: The key approaches to Basics of Forecasting and Scheduling scheduling adopted globally are mentioned below:

Need for forecasting and scheduling: Given the ambitious • Decentralized Scheduling: In this method each wind target set by Government of India, of adding 60 GW wind farm needs to forecast and schedule its generation. This power by 2022, there is an urgent need for streamlining the type of mechanism is preferred for wind generators who mechanism of forecasting and scheduling wind energy for wish to participate in open access or day ahead or intra- proper grid integration. day markets. Forecasting: The prediction of wind energy available for • Centralized Scheduling: In case of centralized scheduling, generation in the future is called forecasting. Forecasting the forecasting is done by a single entity (the grid operator is done with the help of forecasting tools which combines in most cases) for all wind projects in the control area. meteorological data (wind speed, temperature, etc.) and turbine Generally, the wind energy generation forecasts prepared level data (type of turbine, installed capacity, swept area, hub for larger control area are consistent and have higher height, etc.) into an algorithm and a forecast is generated. accuracy levels. Scheduling: The process of generating schedules (in MW or MWh) based on the forecast created on day ahead or intra-day • Integrated Scheduling: It is a combination of the above basis for a certain time block (fifteen minutes) for the proper mentioned scheduling techniques wherein centralized dispatch of energy. Apart from wind energy forecasts, schedules schedules are created for all wind farms in a cluster and also take into consideration issues such as grid availability, decentralized schedule are created for captive and open machine maintenance etc. access wind farms.

14 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 Regulatory Framework for Scheduling in India • Error Calculation: The formula for error calculation is :

The concept of forecasting and scheduling of wind generators Error (%) = 100 * (Actual Generation - Scheduled and commercial settlement thereof was first introduced in Generation) / (Available Capacity) Indian context by CERC through Indian Electricity Grid Code Where, Available Capacity (AvC) is the cumulative (IEGC), 2010. The RRF or the ‘Renewable Regulatory Fund’ capacity rating of the wind turbines and solar inverters that mechanism was envisaged to be implemented from January are capable of generating power in a given time-block. AvC 1, 2011. However, owing to several implementation issues, the will be equal to the installed capacity unless one or more mechanism was never made operational. In order to formulate turbines are under maintenance or shutdown. an implementable framework, CERC on 31.03.2015, issued draft Amendments to (i) the Central Electricity Regulatory • Imbalance Handling: The tolerance band being proposed Commission (IEGC) Regulations, (ii) the Central Electricity is +/-15% for wind and solar generators. Regulatory Commission (Deviation Settlement Mechanism and The settlement in case of over or under injection would Related Matters) Regulations and (iii) the Central Electricity be as follows: Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions for recognition Absolute Error in Deviation charges and issuance of Renewable Energy Certificate for RE Generation) S the 15 minute time payable to Regional Regulations. Based on the comments and suggestions received No. block DSM pool from various stakeholders, CERC has published the 3rd amendment to IEGC. It is called Central Electricity Regulatory 1. Within +/- 15% No commercial implication Commission (IEGC) (Third Amendment) Regulations, 2015 2. >15% but <= 25% 10% of PPA rate issued on 07.08.2015. On the same date, CERC also issued 2nd 3. >25% but <=35% 20% of PPA rate amendment to regulation for Deviation settlement mechanism 4. > 35% 30% of PPA rate and related matters. In case of multiple PPAs, the weighted average of the PPA Brief Snapshot of the Recent Amended Regulations rates shall be taken as the PPA Rate. The CERC has amended the IEGC to accommodate mechanism International Experience for Forecasting, Scheduling and Imbalance Handling for In German power sector, currently more than 75 GW of RE Renewable Energy (RE) generating stations based on wind capacities are subject to forecasting. The German power and solar energy. The salient features of the framework are transmission system is subdivided into four areas, each run by mentioned below: an independent TSO. Forecasting is done for wind generators • Applicability: Wind and Solar generators which are located in the control area by the respective TSO. The forecast regional entities. horizon is typically up to three days and temporal resolution of the forecast is of fifteen minutes to one hour. The Wind • Forecasting responsibility: Forecasting shall be done by Power Management System (WPMS) which is developed by wind and solar generators which are regional entities as ISET is used by the four TSOs for forecasting of wind power. well as by RLDC. The forecast by the concerned RLDC The accuracy of the predictions has significantly improved over shall be responsible for ensuring secure grid operation the last year and is roughly above 95%. In order to improve while the forecast by wind/solar generators shall be wind power forecasts intense research and development efforts generator centric. are already on track. • Scheduling Responsibility: The responsibility of providing In Spain, Red Eléctrica de España, S.A. (REE), the Spanish TSO, generation schedule lies with wind and solar generators. is dedicated to the transmission of electricity and the operation They have the option of accepting the concerned RLDC’s of electricity systems of Spain. REE, started a Control Centre of forecast for preparing its schedule or they can prepare Renewable Energies (CECRE) in 2006, to monitor and control schedule based on their own forecast. renewable energy generation in Spain and to cope up with the • Revision of schedules: There may be a maximum of 16 issue of intermittency of these sources. REE was one of the first revisions for each fixed one and half hour time slot starting TSOs in the world to have a power forecasting system integrated from 00:00 hours during the day. with other tools in real-time operations. Hourly forecasts for

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 15 the next 48 hours are computed by region or the node at the identified for successful implementation of the forecasting and transmission system. REE uses forecasts which are computed scheduling framework in across India. using single or combination of forecast models provided by multiple forecast providers. REE constantly performs comparison Key Issues of forecasting errors to track the forecasts with the least error The key issues which need to be addressed for successful and better performance. It is observed that combined forecast implementation of a forecasting and scheduling mechanism is better since the mean absolute error is the lowest for all time would include: horizons. TSO in Spain was able to reduce the errors with the help of forecasts from multiple forecast providers. ²² The roles of implementing institutions such as SLDC, RLDC, NLDC and RPC should be clearly defined.

Developments in India: Gujarat ²² It is important to analyse the preparedness of all wind Owing to high wind energy potential, significant wind power rich states viz. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, projects have been commissioned in the state of Gujarat. Maharashtra, etc., for implementation of such mechanisms Hence, in order to contain wind generation variability, several at the State level. initiatives have been undertaken in the state to improve ²² Improvement of infrastructure facilities and formulation wind energy forecasts and thereby assist System Operators of suitable procedures, protocols and capacity building/ in maintaining the stability of the grid. Analysis of the existing training of staff at the implementing institutions (SLDC, conditions reveals that significant variations exist not only in RLDC, NLDC, RPC, SNA) should be undertaken. physical infrastructure but also in institutional mechanisms within the state. Conclusion

A few wind farm developers in Gujarat have initiated forecasting The level of RE penetration (in terms of energy generated) in wind generation and providing day-ahead schedules to SLDC. India is presently around 5 to 6 percent. While the capability The state has also installed RTUs at all 220 kV and above of generators to forecast generation and to provide timely substations for remote data transfer to SLDCs. Real time schedules are key requirements, it is equally important that renewable energy (Solar & wind) generation data is integrated other institutions involved, whether central level or state level with existing system and posted on the website of Gujarat are adequately prepared. Apart from wind/solar generators, the SLDC. It is important that the detailed assessment of Gujarat implementing institutions such as SLDC, RLDC, NLDC and RPC experience of wind forecasting & scheduling is undertaken need to be geared up with adequate infrastructure and trained and gaps in processes, systems and institutional structure are manpower.

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Dr. Balaraman K Chandra Shekhar Reddy Atla M/s Power Research & Development Consultants Pvt Ltd., Bangalore

1. Introduction electricity markets through bidding process and settlement takes place according to the market rules. Renewable energy capacity (in particular wind and solar) Here, scheduling & forecasting is the responsibility of in India has increased exponentially in the past few years. the wind farm owners. This increase in variable generation has led to issues in integrating it to the power system in particular in system There are advantages and disadvantages of both the operation. The system operator has to ensure reliability approaches. For power system operation and security, & security of the system and hence there is a need to the centralized mechanism is preferred. The summary of forecast and schedule these variable renewable energy various methods is described below. generations. Scheduling and forecasting of the wind 2.1 Decentralized Scheduling Mechanism generation is presently being discussed and debated in India citing its importance and role in system operation In this mechanism, each wind farm forecasts and schedules and security. its generation. The mechanism is preferred for wind farms who wish to participate in open access or day ahead Considering the relevance of the subject, a roadmap or intraday markets. As the schedule is available from suggesting possible forecasting and scheduling strategies individual wind farms, the transmission line congestion for India and implementation frameworks for the same are would be known in advance and appropriate actions can evolved. The roadmap covers: be initiated.

• Scheduling process However, each wind farm follows its own forecast • Forecasting services mechanism and there is no consistent approach. With many wind farms, the huge number of schedules received • Error computation by the system operator may create difficulties in managing • Data management the schedules. As each wind farm has to maintain the scheduling and forecasting system, there is no optimization 2. Scheduling Process of costs as well as forecasting system. The accuracy of the As per present regulations in India, decentralized forecasting is also less as compared with cluster or system scheduling is adopted which mean that each of the wind level due to less geographic area of wind farm considered farm with the connected capacity of 10 MW and above for forecasting. at interface point to the grid submits its schedule to the 2.2 Centralized Scheduling Mechanism system operator. It is observed that most countries prefer centralized or cluster-based scheduling with the concept of The centralized scheduling mechanism would result in virtual power plants. The practices followed are: reduction in forecast error due to aggregation taking advantage of geographic diversity and smoothing of • Centralized scheduling for committed wind farms forecasting errors. This mechanism can provide consistent through PPA: An independent body or system wind power forecasting and methodology for all wind operator carries out the scheduling and forecasting projects in the region, which will likely lead to more on behalf of all the wind farms. consistent results. With its sheer magnitude and resources, • Individual wind farms who participate in the it would promote technological advances and research for market: The wind farms participate in the open better forecasting system.

18 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 The grid operator shall have access to wind generation With economics of scale, it would be possible to reduce data (and perhaps on-site weather data from all the wind the cost of forecasting and at the same time promote plants) that can be used to improve the performance forecast by ensemble methods (i.e., systems that make of centralized scheduling & forecasting system. Whereas use of a variety of methodologies or forecast providers) in decentralized forecast method by wind farms, the that use five or more forecasting services to improve the system operator may not have access to wind generation forecast accuracy. data because of proprietary or confidentiality reasons. A centralized scheduling system may be able to utilize In this mechanism, all the wind farms in the clusters would economies of scale, reducing the cost of forecasting as be considered (irrespective of date of commissioning) compared to decentralized forecasting systems. for the forecasting. In view of range of wind turbines commissioned in the last decade, wind farms would be However, the centralized forecasting system may have categorized into three levels. First, there are plants that had inconsistency as it can be based on single forecasting no turbine and nodal-level generation or meteorological methodology and provider. This can be overcome by data; these can be labeled as Level 1 wind plants. creating structure with the competitive model and the fees These include plants that were not included in the data paid to the forecast provider dependent on the accuracy of gathering effort and are not metered. Second are the the forecast. The system operator receives the wind power forecast for entire state or area as one entity and hence the ones in which only total power output is known at the system operator can see one overall wind power forecast interconnection point (Level 2). These tend to be plants value. Under this mechanism system operator does not that were not included in the data gathering effort but are perform the wind power forecast for individual wind farms. metered. These are plants that are technically incapable Further, it would be difficult to anticipate transmission line of providing real-time data and/or are small in installed congestion if only the aggregate forecast is available for power. For example, turbines built prior to 2005 tend to entire region. be technically incapable of providing real time data via the architected data collection system and plants less than 10 It is observed that both the mechanisms have their MW were not pursued unless bundled together with other own merits and would be useful for different purposes. larger plants. Lastly, there are plants which are SCADA Considering the Indian context where the future wind connected, that can provide turbine-level and nodal-level farms can trade power through any route, adopting any details (Level 3). one particular mechanism may not serve the purpose of system operation and security. Hence it is proposed Most of the wind farms commissioned post 2006 have to have an integrated scheduling mechanism where the the capability to provide the real time SCADA data (with wind farms entering into PPAs with the utilities would be minor modification in the wind farms wherever it is covered under centralized forecasting system whereas the needed) and would constitute around 70% of the wind wind farms that are into captive use or participate in the generation in country. The level 3 wind farms would form bilateral market (either through power exchange or third the base for the forecasting and for the remaining wind party sales) could follow the decentralized mechanism. farms, upscaling methods would be used to arrive at their 2.3 Integrated Scheduling Mechanism generation. Thus in the proposed approach, the system operator would have complete information of the wind In this approach, it is proposed for centralized wind power generation in the cluster and can plan their activity by forecast for each of the identified clusters and individual, considering them as virtual power plant for their operation. wind farm/solar farm forecast for the investors who wish to participate in the energy market. This provides high Individual wind farm who are contracted by captive use accuracy as compared with decentralized forecast due to and third party sales, would forecast their generation and diversity of wind farms over the area/cluster. These clusters submit their schedule to the System Operator (SO). The can be described as virtual power plant for all practical gaming by these wind farms would also be prevented in purposes. Under this mechanism, system operator can this approach as the intended generation in the cluster see the wind power forecast values for each cluster. would be known through the centralized forecasting system, These schedules can be integrated with the EMS (Energy and if the schedule deviates beyond certain percentage, Management System) and would enable the system then the system operator can initiate appropriate action to operator to handle transmission line congestion. correct their schedule.

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 19

The number of clusters are unique for a particular state. This be paid the fee for their services which shall be scaled can be decided upon by performing certain data analysis based on the forecast accuracy. The transition period may in depth. However, based on the research, the clusters are be 2 to 3 years. The fees for these services can be funded formed as shown in Table 1 for integrated scheduling and through SFD. In the transition period, SLDC/designated agency may have to be compensated from both SFD forecasting for high wind penetration states. fund and centrally operated fund (green energy fund) for Table 1. Clusters for Integrated Scheduling & Forecasting balance of actual deviation cost. After transition period, the deviation from the forecast would be accounted by SLDC/ Area/zone wise State designated agency through SFD fund only. Wind generation passes After transition period, it is recommended that for each Muppandal, Udumalpete, Theni, Tamil Nadu cluster, competitive bids can be invited for services of Thirunelveli forecasting, scheduling and deviation. The bids would Karnataka Chitradurga, Chikkodi, Gadag be similar to uplift charges based on per MW basis for Rajasthan Udaipur, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur each cluster which would be a virtual power plant. The successful bidder may be paid from the SFD fund for all Gujarat Kutch, Saurashtra the services offered. The Deviation Settlement Mechanism Maharashtra Sangli, Ahmednagar, Satara (DSM) would be applicable for each of the clusters and could be same as applicable to utilities. 2.4 Framework for Scheduling Process Considering the present deviation settlement mechanism, To sustain the integrated scheduling mechanism, it is the overall charges per year for the wind farm would range necessary to have a Scheduling Coordinator (SC) for each from Rs.2 Lakhs/MW to around Rs.5 Lakhs/MW. state. The scheduling coordinator will manage all the wind farm clusters in that state. In the proposed approach, the In the proposed mechanism, the wind farms can be system operator has been designated as the scheduling categorized into 2 categories as presented below. coordinator for managing the functions and based on the Category 1: Wind farms with valid PPAs experience gained; a separate agency under the system • With DISCOMs within the state operator can be assigned this task. • With DISCOMs of other states (for inter-state trading The funds for forecasting services and deviations can be of wind power) provided from fund collected as “Scheduling, Forecasting and Deviation (SFD) Fund” from all wind and solar Category 2: Wind farms not having PPAs developer/ investor on per MW basis and this shall be • Market based wind power sales through open access managed by the scheduling coordinator of the state. • Captives At present in decentralized forecast mechanism, the cost 2.4.1 Category 1: Wind Farms with Valid PPAs of forecasting services varies from Rs.1250 to 1750 per MW per month for the wind farms. With the economics The wind farm owners are free to enter into PPA with of scale with wind clusters coupled with competition, same state DISCOMs or other state DISCOMs. In this these charges may come down to less than Rs.1000 per category, wind farm owners or developers would pay MW per month. On top of this, wind farms would need fee per MW towards SFD fund. The UI charges, deviation to pay deviation charges if schedules go beyond the limit settlement will be accounted by SLDC through SFD fund. specified in the regulations. For wind PPAs with other states DISCOMs, the additional transmission charges need to be accounted. In the proposed approach, it is recommended to invite bids from qualified forecast providers for each cluster The clusters will be formed in a particular state and the (they would be called as service providers (SPs)). It SC will be responsible for scheduling, forecasting and could be ensured that at least two service providers be settlements of deviations for these clusters. As explained appointed in every state to be able to compare their earlier, these services are procured from the service services. In the transition period, the service providers can providers based on the fees derived from the bids. The

22 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 monopoly over forecasting services shall not be entertained calculation is made. The deviation in a time block is as this will lead to inconsistency and inaccuracy. Hence, it taken as the difference of actual total injection and total is advisable to always procure forecast services from more scheduled generation. Thus, a positive deviation implies than one service providers. This will also lead to enhanced over-injection. forecasting results as different forecast providers use The deviation charges for additional injection of the power different techniques/methodologies. would be paid at APPC while for deviation for shortfall in For wind farms with PPAs with inter-state DISCOM, the injection shall be paid for at APSC. schedule can be given by the SC as a percentage of The detailed computations simulations carried out reveal installed capacity in that cluster for the inter-state sales. that the total charges earned by the developer/investor For example, if the total installed capacity of cluster is is lower in the proposed APPC & APSC approach as say 1000 MW and scheduled generation given by SC for compared to the present approach of deviation settlement this cluster is 600 MW. If one wind farm having installed mechanism as stated in section 2.4.1. This implies that capacity of 100 MW in this cluster has PPA with inter-state the earnings from the deviations are considerably reduced DISCOM, then the schedule of this 100 MW wind farm for thereby encouraging the developers/investors to make a the inter-state DISCOM during this period is 60 MW. more accurate forecast.

2.4.2 Category 2: Wind Farms not having PPAs 3. Forecasting Services

The wind farms under this category could forecast their Presently, forecasting in India is carried out by companies generation schedule by themselves as per the regulations. such as 3-Tier, Garrad Hassan, AWS Truepower etc. Most Any deviations from the committed power shall be settled of their services are based on the models created based according to the deviation settlement mechanism as on European/USA context and is applied in India. There followed by the utilities. is a need to create a comprehensive and competitive mechanism for forecasting services in India. If actual generation is higher than the schedule given by wind farm owner, then for the extra generation, the Forecasts highly rely on high quality of meteorological wind farm would be paid at Average Pooled Purchase and other data (both historical and real time data) made Cost (APPC) of the respective DISCOM/state, and the available in a timely manner to the forecast providers for wind farm could be allowed to sell corresponding RECs use within their models. The data includes the following (Renewable Energy Certificates) in the market. If actual real time data, meteorological data and static data as generation is lower than the schedule given by wind farm shown in Table 2. owner, the wind farm could pay the DISCOM an Average Table 2. Data Required for Wind Power Forecast Pooled Supply Cost (APSC) for the shortfall in generation and buy RECs from the market. In both the cases, the Turbine data Meteorological wind farm shall make good the REC. Tower Data at For these wind generators the fee payable would be a Real time data Static data sensor heights certain percentage of the fee (SFD Fund) as they are Turbine Latitude & accounted separately for a deviation settlement. Wind speed generation Longitude System coordinator provides the schedules for clusters Nacelle wind Hub Height for both category-1 and category-2 wind farms for system Wind direction speed (m) operation purpose. These cluster schedules are used for the system operation but deviation settlements would Wind direction Turbine Model Temperature be accounted separately. However, there could be a Turbine provision for penalty if the schedule of the category-2 availability status Manufacturer’s wind generators deviate more than a certain percentage Pressure (or equivalent on Power curve of the cluster forecast given by SC. wind farm level) In order to better understand the perspective of deviation settlement in case of category-2 wind farms, a sample Air density

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 23 It is proposed that the regulation shall make it mandatory 6. Way Forward for providing the real time data by all the wind farm As a way forward, the following points are recommended: owners depending on the levels (level 1 to 3 as defined in section 2.3) described earlier. • Changes in state/central Grid Code to incorporate the scheduling and forecasting processes by the system 4. Error Computation operator/designated agency or through service As per present regulations, the error computation is with providers. respect to schedule power. As wind generation varies from • The scheduling, forecasting and deviation settlement zero to maximum, the error distribution is very wide with for third party sales and captive generation by the respect to schedule. Worldwide practice is to compute respective wind farm owners. error with respect to installed capacity. Error with respect • CERC could introduce changes in IEGC (Indian to installed capacity provides the operator/stakeholders to Electricity Grid Code) to mandate data sharing by understand the deviations better provided the wind farm wind farms. owners share the turbine availability information for the scheduling intervals. Hence it is recommended to use the • Regulations concerning the deviation mechanism, if it error deviations with reference to installed capacity for is separate from the conventional schemes. comparing the forecasting services. This shall be used for • Creation of SFD fund and institutional mechanism. payment for forecasting services to provide level playing Considering the present deviation settlement field. mechanism, the overall charges per year for the wind farm would range from Rs.2 Lakhs/MW to around 5. Data Management and Data Repository Rs.5 Lakhs/MW. System operator or scheduling coordinator needs to • Guidelines for selecting the forecast service providers maintain databases for renewable energy sources in by state regulators. addition to existing conventional data in Data Exchange Centre (DEC). Acknowledgment

The data management is critical for better forecasting and This study has been conducted by Power Research & future operation. Hence it is recommended that the data Development Consultants Pvt. Ltd. with support from sharing by the wind farms be made mandatory as part Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation in the year 2014. of the regulation. The regulation shall provide the manner We thank the support of Mr. Deepak Gupta and Ms. Disha in which the data to be shared along with data interval Agarwal from Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation for mechanism on par with other conventional power plants. their continuous support during the project.

 MERC Reduces MSEDCL Distribution Tariff The Maharashtra Regulatory Commission (MERC) in a notification dated June 27, 2015, has calculated the Distribution Tariff for Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (MSEDCL), which will be effective from 1st June 2015 onwards. The commission in the present order has surprisingly reduced the tariffs for industrial and commercial consumers. The details of the tariff for commercial and industrial consumer are given in the table below.

MSEDCL Existing MSEDCL Revised Category % Change Tariff Energy Charges Tariff Energy Charges HT I - Industry in Rs/kWh HT I (A) - Industry (Express Feeder) 8.41 7.21 -14.27% HT I (B) - Industry (Non Express Feeder) 7.60 6.71 -11.71% HT I (C) - Seasonal Industry 9.35 7.8 -16.58% HT II - Commercial in Rs/kWh (A) Express Feeder 12.54 11.15 -11.08% Snippets on Wind Power (B) Non-Express Feeder 11.8 10.62 -10.00%

24 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015

Wind/Solar Power Forecasting and the Way Forward

Siddhartha Priyadarshi Vishal Pandya REConnect Energy Solutions Private Limited Introduction Wind and solar energy are two variables by nature which change very drastically even within 24 hours. The variation in the generation is majorly caused by variation in the atmospheric parameters, which vary enormously over shorter periods of time causing spontaneous changes in energy generation output.

The uncertainty and variability of the wind energy generation has been a cause of operational concern for the power system operators, as they have to maintain smoother grid operations by managing the injection and load with granularity of every 15 minute. With the increasing capacity of grid connected wind power, it has become equally important to maintain its effective integration with the grid, by using technology and mechanisms it can helps to reduce the negative impact of its infirm nature and assist the grid operators in easily accommodating wind power. The graphs below explain the typical characteristics of variation in wind energy generation during the course of a day, in both the high wind season and low wind seasons.

High Wind Season: Low Wind Season:

(Ref: Forum of Regulator’s Study as published recently)

Solar Brief about Forecasting & Scheduling

India is blessed with 300+ days of clear sunny weather during Wind forecasting operations are represented in the diagram below: the day, with huge solar power potential remaining to be tapped. In case of solar power, where generation happens over the day time only, the variations are not as high as wind. The generation trend during the day ideally follows a bell shaped curve, unless it is affected by cloudy or rainy conditions. Hence, it is important to capture variations in solar power especially when we are aiming to reach 100GW of solar power capacity over next 7 years.

26 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 The calculations above are based on the earlier method of error Wind F/C Demand F/C Solar Power F/C calculation, and not with respect to installed capacity as per the new regulation for inter-state. Much higher accuracy can - Model Tested and - Model tested - Model ready implemented; for Karnataka be achieved, with telemetry (real time and historical) data, if - 50 MW available. - MAPE of ~15% at - MAPE under State Level tested for achieved operations GJ ~2.9%* Wind & Solar Forecasting & Scheduling Regulations: Drivers of RE Grid Integration

Our experience with different forecasting algorithms To overcome the difficulties related with managing the infirm is depicted in the diagram below: wind and solar power, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission introduced the provisions for wind/solar power forecasting under the Indian Electricity Grid Code in May 2010. The mechanism was promoted as the Renewable Regulatory Fund (RRF) mechanism. The mechanism was originally intended to be implemented by January 2011, which got four extensions (Jan’12, Jul’12, Feb’13, July’13) before it could get even started.

The mechanism finally got implemented from 15th July, 2013 and subsequently got caught under the litigations as the Wind Associations challenged the decision of CERC to implement such regulations for wind power plants connected under the intra-state networks. Finally, the commercial settlement related with the mechanism finally went to temporary suspension mode in Feb’14.

The mechanism also attracted lot of resistance from various stakeholders due to the reasons represented in the block diagram below.

The mechanism covered only wind/solar capacity States could not make much use of the partial forecast commissioned after May, 2010 hence, leaving significant data for improving their grid operations. Hence, the part of existing capacity beyond the regulatory coverage. demand for bringing the remaining existing capacity started arising.

Issues faced with the RRF Mechanism Neither the States or the Wind Generators were happy as the ex-post Hence, the demand for a simpler but a broader framework nature of settlement due to UI linked penalty structure created huge financial risks for States as well as Wind for forecasting and scheduling started arising from States Generators. as well as Wind/Solar Generators.

Central Electricity Regulatory Commission Central Electricity Regulatory 2015 Commission (Indian Electricity Grid Code) (Deviation Settlement Mechanism and (Third Amendment) Regulations, 2015 related matters) (Second Amendment) Regulations, Forecast error methodology has been changed, to bring plant Scheduling of wind and solar generators which are regional entities, has • • availability into perspective, by calculating deviation with respect to been made mandatory for aggregated capacity of 50 MW and above. plant availability in each time block. UI settlement account has been removed, and replaced by the Deviation • Penalties on deviation beyond +/- 15%. • Settlement Mechanism (DSM). • Delinking the commercial scheme with the prevailing frequency of the Maximum number of revisions increased from 8 to 16 revisions on a grid, so as to avoid uncertainties in calculation of settlement and the • daily basis. possibility of gaming. Need for mandatory disclosure of real time SCADA / telemetry data and • Net settlement of RECs shall be done monthly bythe nodal agency, • plant availability information to SLDC / RLDC. thus protecting the interests of the generators from the uncertainties of the REC market.

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 27 CERC Forecasting and Scheduling Regulations 2015

The CERC on 05th April 2015 proposed new framework for the Forecasting, Scheduling and imbalance handling of Wind and Solar Energy generating projects at inter-state level, and finalized the same through notification on 7th August, 2015, to make major amendments to the Deviation Settlement (DSM) Regulation 2014 and the IEGC Regulation 2010. The highlights of the same are given below:

Error Calculation Methodology:

The error calculation methodology used earlier and the proposed one are compared below:

RRF Regulation 2013 New Inter State Regulation 2015 Error (%) = Error (%) = 100 X (Scheduled Generation – Actual Generation) 100 X (Scheduled Generation – Actual Generation) Scheduled Generation (AvC) Remarks: This formula yielded a larger forecast error, especially Remarks: Available capacity for generation (AvC). It becomes in the low wind season when the forecast is low and the obligatory for the generator to report availability. Thus, it puts deviations are higher. Even with a very good forecast, due to more liability on the OEM/O&M of the project to ensure very low generation, the deviations maybe insignificant, but the maximum availability, and on the forecaster to ensure that the errors could still be beyond +/- 30%, putting financial liability deviation is low, by also factoring plant availability whenever on the generators. required.

The penalty mechanism as per the new regulation is as follows:

• For single PPA agreements, the fixed Deviation within +/- No penalty Full payment rate shall be the PPA rate between the 15% generator and buyer, and in case of Deviation from 15% Penalty of 10% on Fixed Rate multiple PPAs, the weighted average shall to 25% be taken. Deviation from 25% Penalty of 20% on Fixed Rate • For Open Access transactions for RE, to 35% where consumer is not claiming RPO, or in Deviation greater Penalty of 30% on Fixed Rate case of captive power, the fixed rate shall than 35% be the APPC rate at the national level.

Way Forward: Intra-state Regulations

The existing wind capacity of 23.7 GW1, most of which comes under the control area of the state, whereas in case of solar, approximately 200 MW odd capacity out of 4 GW2 comes under the control area of RLDCs. With the central government thrust on large additions year-on-year, in future, large inter-state projects will come under purview of the new inter-state forecasting regulation. However, the regulation for accommodating the capacity connected with the state control area can be expected to be announced soon as the CERC in its closing remarks of the final regulation has expressed the desire for the same.

We are expecting the Intra-state regulation to come soon, along with the implication of the commercial settlement. With the implementation of the Inter-state regulation becoming applicable from 1st November 2015, and possibly, the soon to come Intra- state regulation, it is a huge task at hand for all stakeholders, especially for those generators for whom forecasting and scheduling will be something new to oblige to, when the new regulations are implemented. It also calls for more efficient approach in terms of huge data management schema, automation of operations, forecasting techniques and error handling & response.

1 As per MNRE data on 30.06.2015 2 As per MNRE data on 30.06.2015

28 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015

Scheduling and Despatch in Indian Power System

Balaji V., Deputy General Manager, SRLDC, POSOCO, Bangalore

Abstract how it would help large scale integration of renewable energy sources and the way forward. Scheduling of electric power generators and drawee entities is the first and foremost step in enforcement of accountability Introduction and grid discipline. The mechanism has paved way for creation Scheduling is a process where a generator declares the of power market in India and implementation of various mile amount of power it can inject to grid in a time block and the stones such as Availability Based Tariff (ABT), Open Access, beneficiary / drawee entity (State) requisition the amount of Congestion Management Ancillary Services, etc. It has greatly power it intends to draw from its supply sources. Scheduling improved the frequency profile, grid security, stability and has is hailed as one of the four pillars of a power market (Making made grid disturbances a thing of past. In this brief article, an competition work – Sally Hunt), but it is truly the fundamental attempt is made to explain how Scheduling is carried out, how pre-requisite for any Power System. it has changed the way the power system operated in India,

ELECTRICITY MARKE T

SCHEDULING IMBALANCE

& Settlement CONGESTION ANCILLARY MANAGEMENT DISPATCH Mechanism SERVICES

Figure 1 Four Pillars of Market Design - “Making Competition Work in Electricity”, Sally Hunt

Till the mid of 2002, accounting of the Generation PERCENTAGE OF TIME FREQUENCY IN NORMAL BAND (49.0-50.5 Hz) and Drawl used to be based on a single reading 100.00 of energy meters taken at the end of the month. 90.00 80.00 This sample of time block was absurdly huge 70.00 and festered grid indiscipline and suboptimal 60.00 operation. A spate of grid disturbances, (black 50.00 outs and brown outs) compelled the Players % OF TIME 40.00 in the Grid to ultimately concede to adopt 30.00

Scheduling mechanism. Scheduling was 20.00 PRE ABT / ULDC POST ABT / ULDC introduced in India in a phased manner from 10.00 July 2002(WR), Dec 2002 (NR), Jan’2002(SR), 0.00 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 YEAR Apr’2003 (ER) and Nov ‘2003 (NER) as a part NorthernRegion Western Region Southern Region Eastern Region of the new Imbalance settlement mechanism Figure 2 Improvement in Frequency in terms called ABT (Availability Based Tariff). Plot of % time soon after Scheduling started

30 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 generation in the grid. The maximum value of Deviation rate is designed in such a way that as the frequency falls, the costlier generation is increased, thus ensuring the Load-Generation balance in the Grid. Scheduling Process

Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) chapter 6 outlines the Scheduling procedures, revisions, priority in case of need for curtailment etc. In India, fully decentralized mechanism was adopted wherein SLDC have full autonomy to requisition as per their requirement from both the Inter State Generators as well as the intra-State ones. Length of the time block varies from 5 minutes to 60 minutes from country to Country. In Figure 3 Max, Min & Average Frequency India an interval length of 15 minutes was adopted for the time Apr’01 to Mar’11 (Southern Region) block for Scheduling process. Scheduling is done on a day- ahead basis. It involves the GoI allocations from the Inter State Under this mechanism, the Generators and state utilities were Generating Stations (ISGS), Long Term Access (LTA), Medium made accountable for the deviations from the Schedules though Term Open Access (MTOA), and Short Term Open Access a component called Deviation. The Deviation rate is inversely (STOA) transactions. They can be revised (except for STOA) linked to Frequency which is an indicator of surplus or deficit of during the day of operation. Every morning at 08:00 hrs, the Inter-State Generator has to declare to the RLDC its availability for every 15-min time block of the next day. The RLDC applies Deviation the Share allocation percentages given by the Ministry of Power and publishes by 10:00 AM (in its web-based program) the Entitlement of the States. By 15:00hrs, the SLDCs furnish their requisitions after considering their internal Generation vis-à-vis their expected load patterns. By about 16:30hrs, the Power Exchanges furnish their Schedules for Collective transactions. By 18:00hrs, the RLDC aggregates all the requisitions, and issues Generation Schedules to the Generators, and Drawl Schedules to the States with a notice. The Generators are free to revise the Generation capabilities depending upon the fuel quality, unit outages etc from 4th time block. The States are free to revise their Requisitions (except from Nuclear stations) during the day of operations, due to change in load patterns etc from Figure 4 Illustration of Deviation concept 4th time block. Scheduling Matrix

Declared Capability of the ith Generator =[DCi] ------Form A [Entitlement of the jth State from the

ith Generator] =[DCi] x [Share ij] ------Form B

[Requisition ij] <[Entitlement ij] ------Form C

[Drawl Schedule j] = ∑ [Requisition ij] +∑ LTA ij

+ ∑ MTOAij + ∑ STOAij -[Estimated Loss* ij] ------Form D (duly accounting for the Ramp up/down rates of the Generating stations) * as per CERC (Sharing of ISTS charges and Losses) regulations 2010

[Generation schedule i] = ∑ [Requisition ij] +∑ LTA ij + ∑ MTOAij

Figure 5 Grid Average Frequency profile from April’04 to till date + ∑ STOAij

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 31 revisions in a day are permitted up to a maximum of one revision each for every 11/2 hour duration. Bilateral Time Schedule S Treatment of Deviations of Wind 08:00 Availability Px L Declaration D While for conventional generators, deviation C 10:00 Entitlements charges are linked to frequency, the same 15:00 Requisitions L for wind and solar generators are linked to T the PPA rates. While the penal charges for I A 17:00 Power Exchange R Power Exchange deviation for conventional generators are S Schedules L Schedules M dealt with in terms of percentage variation G D T 18:00 Injection from the schedules, the same for wind and S C Drawal Schedule O A solar is dealt in terms of absolute error 22:00 from the forecast value normalized on the Revision in DC Revision in Requisition cu st available capacity on bar. To encourage o 23:00 m accurate forecast of wind and solar Final Final er generators, the under injection up to 15% Drawal Schedule s Injection of absolute error are to be compensated 0 to 24 hours @ PPA rate or Average Power Purchase Revisions during Revisions during Current day Current day Cost (APPC) at the national level , and that between 15-25% @ 110% of the PPA rate, Fig 6 scheduling Time Line and that between 25-35% @120% and that above 35% @130%. Similar mechanism if At the end of the week (from Monday to Sunday) the Actual adopted by the State Regulatory Commissions for the generators, Generation of the ISGS and Actual Drawl of the states are computed it would pave way for better management of the variable energy from the Special Energy Meters (SEMs) for every 15 min time sources. For balancing the deemed RPO compliance of the buyers, block interval. The implemented Schedules and Actual Generation for the net under generation of renewable energy in a month, the / Drawl computations are transmitted to the RPC (Regional Power shortfall in the RECs would be made good by NLDC by purchasing Committee) who in turn issue the Deviation Accounts. RECs with the surplus funds from the Deviation Pool account. For For an effective Scheduling process which will result in optimum a net over generation of renewable energy in a month, equivalent utilization of resources and maximizing the Load serving, Forecasting RECs would be credited to the pool account on a cumulative basis. of generation sources especially non-conventional ones and Load Way Forward forecast is to be carried out in a faithful manner. A robust web based software is essential for entry of declared capabilities and Implementation of full-fledged Scheduling mechanism and requisitions. A strong SCADA system, transparent web uploads Settlement system within the States has been long pending and it of the Schedule revisions, clear documentation, information will bring in synergy and optimization. Govt. of India has embarked dissemination; active participation and feedback of the constituent on an ambitious mission to integrate 100 GW of solar power and entities are pre-requisites for a dispute-free scheduling mechanism. 60 GW of Wind power by 2022. For this to become a reality there Periodic updation of the Deviation Rates and strict enforcement of is an urgent need to adopt path breaking measures in the Grid the settlement mechanism had brought in vast improvement in operation. Extending real time SCADA data from the Renewable Frequency / Voltage profile. Generators would provide Situational awareness to the System Operators about the ramp events. Establishment of Renewable Scheduling of Renewable Energy sources Energy Management Centres (REMC) would facilitate trading of RE sources (market participation) across the states and countries. The Renewable Energy Sources like Wind and Solar are variable, recently notified Regulations on Ancillary Services are expected to uncertain and intermittent, because of which ensuring Load- help maintaining Load-Generation balance during times of sudden Generation balance difficult at any given point of time. Therefore, it increase/fall in generation of Renewable Energy sources. is all the more important to keep the Schedule of the Generation to as near to Actual Generation as possible by forecasting and Reference: scheduling their Generation. For the Generators connected to ISTS, Hon’ble CERC mandated Forecasting, Scheduling and application 1) CERC (Indian Electricity Grid Code) Regulations 2010 and of Deviation charges. As per 3rd amendment of IEGC, Wind and amendments thereof Solar Generation connected to Inter-State Transmission system 2) CERC (Deviation Settlement Mechanism ) Regulations (ISTS) are required to forecast and furnish the 15 minute block- 2014 and amendments thereof wise Schedules. In case any change in Generation is predicted, 3) CERC (Sharing of Inter State Transmission Charges and the Schedule can be revised from 4th time. A maximum of 16 Losses) Regulations, 2010 and amendments thereof

32 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015

Know Your Wind Energy State - Tamil Nadu - A Snapshot

Compiled by Mr. Nitin Raikar, Suzlon Energy Limited, Mumbai ([email protected])

Topography & Climate Number of operational 15 State Brief CWET wind monitoring stations recording data Tamil Nadu covers an area of 130,058 square kilometres (50,216 Stations with recorded 47 sq mi), and is the eleventh largest state in India. Geographically, Annual Average WPD > Tamil Nadu is situated on the south eastern side of the Indian 200 W/sq m at 50m height Peninsula between the northern latitude of 8.5" and 13.35" and the eastern longitude of 76.15" and 80.20".The western, southern Wind Passes Palghat Pass - Districts of and the north-western parts are hilly and rich in vegetation. Tamil Coimbatore, Erode Nadu is the only state in India which has both the Western Ghats Shenkottah Pass - Tirunelveli and the Eastern Ghats and they both meet at the Nilgiri hills. Tamil District & Tuticorin Nadu has a coastline of about 910 kilometres (600 mi) which Aralvoimozhi Pass - Kanyakumari is the country’s third longest coastline. The climate of the state District ranges from dry sub-humid to semi-arid. The state has three Kambam Pass - Dindigul District distinct periods of rainfall: (1) Advancing monsoon period, South Topographical advantage Tamil Nadu has an advantage West monsoon (from June to September), with strong southwest of location, where in both the winds; (2) North East monsoon (from October to December), Southwest with dominant northeast winds; and (3) Dry season (from January Monsoon and Northeast to May). Tamil Nadu is classified into seven agro-climatic zones: monsoon 'tunnel' through the north-east, north-west, west, southern, high rainfall, high altitude Palk Bay and Gulf hilly, and Cauvery Delta (fertile agricultural zone). of Mannar, contributing to a high wind speed potential zone. Overall Power Scenario Windy Districts with Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, (as of 31 Mar 2015 & figures in MW) recorded installations Coimbatore, Theni District, Total installed capacity (all sources) 23,337.50 Tiruvallur, Ramanathapuram, Dindigul, Kanyakumari Thermal (Coal+Gas+Diesel) 11,319.56 Nuclear 1,440.00 Wind Installation Statistics (Data as of 31 Mar 2015) Hydro 2,182.20 RE Capacity (Grid connected) 8,395.74 Cumulative installed 7455.00 Peak Demand (April 2014 - March 2015) 13,707 capacity (MW) Peak Met (April 2014 - March 2015) 13,498 Govt Demonstration 19.36 Deficit (April 2014 - March 2015) -1.5% Projects (MW) Private Sector Projects 7435.65

Wind Resource (as of 31 Mar 2015) All India State Ranking # 1st (32 % of country's total wind installed capacity) Installable Potential 14,152 MW@ 80m Hub Height (CWET Wind Atlas) /5374 MW@ 50m Hub Height % of Wind Installations w.r.t 31.9% all sources

Total Nos of established 87 % of Wind Installations w.r.t 88.80% Wind Monitoring stations all RE (Grid connected) and data recorded by CWET sources

34 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 YoY capacity additions (MW) 2) For drawing reactive power more than 10% of the net energy generated-50 paise per Kvarh for the entire reactive power drawn. Renewable 10% Purchase Obligation (RPO) - Non Solar Prevailing APPC Rs 2.63 per unit kWh charges Sharing of CDM Sharing on gross basis starting from charges 100% to developers in the first year till the sharing becomes equal (50:50) between developer and utility in the sixth year. Green Statistics (Data as of 31 Mar 2015) Current policy 1) Comprehensive Tariff Order for wind reference power - TNERC order no.6/2012

Million tonnes of CO2 emissions 16.11 million tonnes documents dt.31.07.2012 offset by Wind powered projects 2) TNERC SMT Order no. 8/14 in the state (p.a) dt.11.12.2014 & SMT Order no. Million tonnes of Coal savings 11.75 million tonnes 9/14 dt. 11.12.2014 (Tx & Wheeling by Wind powered projects in the Charge reg.) state (p.a) 3) TNERC/M.O. 4-3 /E/RPO dated 04- Number of homes powered 4.6 million homes 02-2015 (APPC for FY 14-15) 4) Notification No.TNERC / RPO Wind Policy - Salient Features /19/ !!/ dated!. 2015 (RPO draft notification) Feed in Tariff Rs. 3.51 per unit flat (WEGs 5) TNERC notification dt. 11.12.2014 (Sale to EB) commissioned on/or after 01 Aug 2012) (New HT tariff for consumers) & PPA Tenure 20 years Annex HT Industrial Tariff Rs. 6.35 + 5% surcharge (for captive) Regulatory Agencies & State Utilities HT Commercial Rs. 8.0 + 5% surcharge Govt Nodal Tamil Nadu Electricity Regulatory Tariff (for captive) Agencies Commission (TNERC) EWA Tenure 5 Years minimum period Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency Self Generation Tax 10 paise per kWh (TEDA) (for captive) State Utilities Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (Holding Banking One financial year and surplus units will Company) (for captive) be sold to Board @ 75% of PPA rate Tamil Nadu Transmission Corporation Ltd Transmission & Rs. 1161.20/MW/day - Tx Charges (TANTRANSCO) Wheeling charges - Rs. 0.0754 per unit kWh - Wheeling Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution applicable for HT charges Corporation Ltd (TANGEDCO) System Operating Rs. 300/- per day Charges Miscellaneous Factoids SS O&M charges Rs. 1.68 Lacs/ MW/ annum Project The first Wind Power Project from the Cross Subsidy Exempted Commencement Private sector was set up by M/s Pandian Charges Year Chemicals. This 0.500 MW project Banking Charges 94 paise per unit kWh of banked energy comprised of two machines of 250 KW Reactive Power 1) For drawing reactive power up to rating (NEPC MICON make) and was Charges 10% of the net energy generated-25 commissioned at Kattadimalai (T.N.), near paise per Kvarh. Kanyakumari on 28 March 1990.

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 35 National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF), another 40% of the cost will be met by KfW loan and the rest of the 20% will be the state Snippets on Wind Power contributions.

 India's Clean Energy Targets Way Ahead of Others: UN Official  Wind Power Shifted to White Category by CPCB Draft Document United Nations Under Secretary General and CEO for 'SE4ALL' initiative, Kandeh K Yumkella, said that India can lead the world Central Pollution Control Board (MOEF) had issued a draft in the area of sustainable energy from renewable sources, as document dated 19.08.2015 on revised concept of categorization its clean energy target is way ahead of the UN global goal. We of industrial sector including wind power for the comments by believe that India can lead the world. Your (India's) targets here 04.09.15. In this draft CPCB has considered shifting of wind and some of the progress you are making here is way ahead of power from Green to White category. This was demanded by UN global targets. But of course, there is a lot more work to do. IWTMA since long. UN's initiative SE4ALL aims that by 2030, entire world and every citizen of the world should have affordable energy access. All  APERC Issues Wind Tariff Order countries in the world should feel energy secure (by 2030) while On 1/8/2015 APERC has issued Tariff regulation as well as tariff at the same time ensuring that our consciousness to cleaner order for wind. energy to climate change is also taken care of. Tariff: Rs. 4.83 (non - AD customers) + MAT / Tax pass through Rs. 4.25 (AD customers) + MAT / Tax pass through  Mytrah Energy’s Ravi Kailas wins Wind Power Person of the year 2015 Award  Ministry Moots National Renewable Energy Fund Mr. Ravi Kailas, Chairman and CEO, Mytrah Energy, was named the ‘Wind Power Person of the year 2015’ at the 3rd World The proposed Renewable Energy Act has mooted the idea Renewable Energy Conference in New Delhi on 23rd July 2015. of creating a National Renewable Energy Fund (NREF with a Mytrah is one of the pioneers in the Indian renewable IPP industry corpus of over Rs. 17,000 crore) to support the development of with an operational portfolio of 543 MW within four years. renewable energy in India. A certain percentage of the National Clean Energy Fund should come annually to the proposed NREF. “State Governments may also establish a State Green Fund for the  SoftBank Keen to Invest in AP's Solar & Wind Projects promotion of renewables. The Ministry of New and Renewable Japan's telecommunications and Internet giant SoftBank Corp is Energy “may offer a starting corpus” to such State Green Fund(s) interested in collaborating with the Andhra government in the from the National Renewable Energy Fund,” says the draft. renewable energy sector.

 Denmark Produces Country's 140% Electricity Using Wind  Maharashtra Government to Allow Repowering of Wind Power Farms On July 9, 2015, wind farms in Denmark produced 140% of the In our new grid-connected renewable energy policy, the state country’s power needs recording a surplus of 16% during the day, government is planning to allow these project developers to which swelled to 140% overnight. The Denmark government has upgrade their technologies, to ensure better capacity utilisation provided a sound and crucial financial backing to the installation of wind energy projects and help them generate power at higher and development of wind farms in the country. The Denmark is efficiency has allowed the re-powering of existing windmills to likely to produce half of its energy needs through wind power increase the efficiency, which was just 20-22% now. before the year 2020. Many of these wind energy projects were around 10-15 years old and hence, were using outdated technologies. Re-powering  Government Approves Intra-State Transmission Systems can help set up more efficient windmills and turbines, while for RE also bringing down energy costs for consumers. This may also increase the CUF to 30-35% for higher wind zones, depending Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, Government of India has on the wind density and height of the project. The state will approved the construction of intra-state transmission systems at facilitate re-powering of installed projects and installation of new an estimated cost of Rs. 85.5 billion running across seven states capacity. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. Creation of an intra-state  Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) to be renamed transmission system will facilitate evacuation of renewable power from generation stations to load centres. The Centre has decided to rename SECI as Renewable Energy Corporation of India (RECI) and its activities will embrace all branches The work is to be completed over the next three to five years of renewable energy, not solar alone. involving 48 new grid sub-stations with total transformation capacity of around 17,100 MVA. Of the total cost about 40% Source: Business Line (Rs. 34.2 billion) will be shared by the Government of India from

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www.NGCtransmission.com  Policy Clarity on Wind Energy Sought  Suzlon installs its 10,000th Wind Turbine Generator India has the potential to achieve 60 GW of installed wind energy Suzlon Group has announced installing its 10,000th WTG (wind capacity by 2022 provided concerns related to infrastructure and grid are addressed, according to the industry. Mr. Madhusudan turbine generator) during the first half of 2015. Suzlon Group, with Khemka, Chairman of the Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers’ over two decades of operating history, has cumulative installations Association, and Mr. D. V. Giri, its Secretary-General, told of over 14 GW of wind energy capacity with operations across presspersons that the country aimed to scale up the installed over 17 countries and customer base of more than 1700. wind energy capacity to 60 GW from the existing 23 GW in seven years. The manufacturers were going to launch the next level of machines that could be installed in low wind sites, they said.  India in Talks with ADB, World Bank for $2 bn Loan The industry was ready with 2.5 MW and 3 MW machines, and also working towards introducing storage solutions, they pointed for PGCIL out. However, the industry faced State-level challenges. Hence, it The Indian government is in talks with the World Bank and the needed a blue print, a road map to reach the target, they said. Asian Development Bank (ADB) for providing a loan of around $2 There should be clarity on the policies by the States on wind energy. billion to Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (PGCIL) to boost India’s green energy efforts by setting up transmission corridors for evacuating solar and wind power. India plans to add 175,000  Cabinet Approves Off-shore Wind Power Generation MW of RE capacity by 2022. Policy Approval paves the way for offshore wind power projects up to seaward distance of 200 nautical miles. Estimates with the  MERC Extends RE Tariff Order ministry show a potential of 106000 MW of power generation from off-shore wind installations just from the coastal regions MERC has extended the applicability of the existing Generic Tariff of Gujarat. For Tamil Nadu, the estimates for power generation Order dated 7 July, 2014 for RE technologies till 31 October, potential from off-shore wind energy stands at 60000 MW. 2015 or issue of new RE Tariff Order whichever is earlier.

 KERC Draft (Procurement of Energy from Renewable Sources) (Third Amendment) Regulations, 2015.

KERC has proposed amendments to RPO targets and also specified targets for captive consumers. Targets are mentioned in the table below. Obligated Entities RPO Non Solar Distribution Licensees Prevailing 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 and onwards BESCOM 10% 10% 12% 13% 14% 15% MESCOM 10% 10% 14.50% 15% 15.50% 16% CESC 10% 10% 12% 13% 14% 15% HESCOM 7% 7% 7.50% 8.50% 9.50% 11% GESCOM 7% 7% 5.50% 6% 7% 8% HRECS 7% 7% 7.50% 8.50% 9.50% 11% Deemed Licensees 0% 0% 5.50% 6% 7% 8% Grid Connected Captive 5% 5% 5.50% 6% 6.50% 7% [Total capacity exceeding 5MW] Any person having contracted demand 5MW 5% 5% 5.50% 6% 6.50% 7% with DISCOM & procuring electricity exceeding 1 MW through OA

Snippets Compiled by: Shri Abhijit Kulkarni General Manager, SKF India Ltd. Pune and IWTMA Team

38 Indian Wind Power August - September 2015 Photo Feature Tamil Nadu Global Investors Meet (GIM)

In an effort to build on the attractive growth prospects in Tamil Nadu, a Global Investors’ Meet was organized on 9th and 10th September, 2015, at Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai by Tamil Nadu Government. The event focused on the State’s vision of inclusive growth through investment inflows, growth in employment, balanced regional development and environmentally sustainable long term development.

Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency had a Renewable Energy Pavilion at the exhibition conducted during the meet. IWTMA had put up a stall at the meet to facilitate distribution of pamphlets of various members and also distributed Indian Wind Power magazine, tea coasters, badges at the exhibition besides projecting the IWTMA short movie.

IWTMA Chairman Sri Madhusudan Khemka at the Visitors at IWTMA Stall at the Global Investors Meet Tamil Nadu Global Investors Meet Session on "Renewable Energy Potential and Investment Opportunities in Tamil Nadu"

Meeting regarding Special Additional Duty (SAD)

A meeting of IWTMA members was conducted at Chennai on 7th September 2015 to prepare a list of additional items to be included in SAD exemption list. This list is to be submitted to MNRE.

SAD meeting in progress at Chennai on 7th September 2015

August - September 2015 Indian Wind Power 39 Know Your Member

Mr. Bharathy K CEO – Windar Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd. Business Overview Windar has unique facility of Gantry Cranes in the storage yard to handle and pick any tower sections at any time or seasons. Various customer commitments indicates that the company’s intention of not just using this unit for serving the domestic market but caters to a large number Introduction of global clients. Wind turbine steel tubular tower global leader - “Windar Renewable” was founded for Asian Windar Renewable has been certified by LRQA for the Quality Management System ISO 9001, market in Year 2012 as part of Spain’s Daniel Alonso Group at Halol, Gujarat, India. Windar is the Environmental System ISO 14001 & the Occupational Health & Safety Management System the global leader in supplying both on-shore and off-shore steel tubular towers to wind turbine ISO 18001. Windar Renewable also certified by TUV Nord Systems GmbH & Co. KG for the welding workshop in the product range of Steel Tower for Wind Turbines of the Standard DIN manufacturers. Other business area includes manufacturing of thermal solar structures to solar EN ISO 3834-2 (EN 729-2). industries. Windar India has already supplied its towers to about 10 leading wind turbines manufacturers in Being wholly owned Spanish subsidiary and India’s first 100% multinational tower manufacturing India apart from Export to Brazil. company, Windar India is backed by Spanish expertise to deliver high end tower technologies Key features of Windar Renewable's Manufacturing unit at Halol and aims to achieve the status of the only preferred top tower supplier to all leading WTG companies. Location: Halol, Vadodara, Gujarat Exclusively established for Wind Turbine Towers Windar India has world class tower manufacturing facilities with many SPMs at Halol, built on Area: 150,000 square meters – Workshop with three bays across an area of 15,500 square meters; an area of 15,000 sqm and has capacity to manufacture around 500 tower sets of 2 MW towers office space of 1,500 square meters; and storage yard with an area of 75,000 square meters. per annum. Capacity: 10 Towers/ Week Tower Features: 2 MW, 2.1 MW-rated turbines; Sections of 6 meter diameter

Windar Renewable has been contributing significantly to the group’s total revenues. The share is likely to increase with the revival of the global wind power market and favorable environment for wind power industry by Indian Government. Management Mr. Bharathy – CEO, is leading the company to make Windar India a Global Hub for Towers. Windar India Halol Plant He is a Mechanical Engineer with specialization in Industrial Engineering and did his Master of Science by Research in Hydro Turbo Machines at IIT, Madras and having around 30 years of Besides, the factory has large areas for storage, which provides added value in terms of logistics. Windar experience in developing and serving through all functions in 6 leading multinational companies has set up a storage yard of 75,000 square meters, which is capable of storing about 300 sections. in India.

He is a certified ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 auditor and possesses good knowledge in EFQM - Business Excellence models in his career and has implemented it successfully.

The Way Forward Despite several challenges in terms of raw material supply and finished goods dispatches, the company has focused its strengths in Indian wind power industry, which Mr. Bharathy believes is poised for significant growth in the coming years.

Having the strong financials and technical expertise of the parent company - in manufacturing metal structures and knowledge hub for renewable energy technologies, Windar India will be offering global solutions to its clients.

Considering the expertise in tower manufacturing technology and high indexes in the quality of the finishing of works and opportunities offered by the Indian wind power segment, Windar Tower Manufacturing at the Plant Renewable expects to emerge as the largest wind tower manufacturer in India.

Printed by R.R. Bharath and published by Dr. Rishi Muni Dwivedi on behalf of Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association and printed at Ace Data Prinexcel Private Limited, 3/304 F, (SF No. 676/4B), Kulathur Road, Off NH 47 Bye Pass Road, Neelambur, Coimbatore 641062 and published at Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association, Fourth Floor, Samson Towers, No. 403 L, Pantheon Road, Egmore, Chennai 600 008. Editor: Dr. Rishi Muni Dwivedi

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Samson Tower, 403L, Pantheon Road, Egmore, Chennai – 600 008. Tel: +91 44 3023 0200, Fax: +91 44 30230298/99. Email: [email protected] www.regenpowertech.com Chennai: +91 98401 61228, Delhi: +91 98112 27535, Mumbai: +91 98190 63836 Factories : Andra Pradesh: Survey No.182 to 188, APIIC Industrial Park, Mambattu Village, Tada Mandal, Nellore District 524121, A.P. Udaipur: NH-76 Udaipur – Chittorgarh Road, Village – Bhatewar, Tehsil – Vallabh Nagar, Dist.Udaipur (Rajasthan), Pincode: 313601, Opp. Sir Padampath Singhnia University. An ISO 9001, ISO 114001 & OSHAS 18001 Certified Company Vide No.Vide TNENG/2015/60605 Registered withREGISTRAR OFNEWSPAPERS for India,New Delhi Date ofPublishing : 22.09.2015 August -September 2015

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