Reconciling India’s Climate and Industrial Targets: A Policy Roadmap Annapurna Mitra Editor Reconciling India’s Climate and Industrial Targets: A Policy Roadmap Annapurna Mitra Editor © 2021 Observer Research Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Reconciling India’s climate and industrial targets: a policy roadmap Observer Research Foundation 20 Rouse Avenue, Institutional Area New Delhi, India 110002
[email protected] www.orfonline.org ORF provides non-partisan, independent analyses on matters of security, strategy, economy, development, energy and global governance to diverse decision-makers including governments, business communities, academia and civil society. ORF’s mandate is to conduct in-depth research, provide inclusive platforms, and invest in tomorrow’s thought leaders today. Editing and Production: Vinia Datinguinoo Mukherjee Design and Layout: Made of Us and Simijaison Designs ISBN: 978-93-90494-54-5 Attribution: Annapurna Mitra, Ed., Reconciling India’s Climate and Industrial Targets: A Policy Roadmap, April 2021, Observer Research Foundation. 4 Contents Editor’s Note 7 1 Elements of the clean energy transition 1.1 The Material Needs of the Green Transition 14 Annapurna Mitra 1.2 Enabling a Green Technological Transition in India: The Case for a Green Industrial Strategy 28 Sangeet Jain 1.3 Developing