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Ancient DNA Dataset 2.07.72
8/27/2021 Ancient DNA Dataset 2.07.72 https://haplogroup.info/ Object‐ID Colloquial‐Skeletal LatitudLongit Sex mtDNA‐comtFARmtDNA‐haplogroup mtDNA‐Haplotree mt‐FT mtree mt‐YFFTDNA‐mt‐Haplotree mt‐Simmt‐S HVS‐I HVS‐II HVS‐NO mt‐SNPs Responsible‐ Y‐DNA Y‐New SNP‐positive SNP‐negative SNP‐dubious NRY Y‐FARY‐Simple YTree Y‐Haplotree‐VY‐Haplotree‐PY‐FTD YFull Y‐YFu ISOGG2019 FTDNA‐Y‐Haplotree Y‐SymY‐Symbol2Responsible‐SNPSNPs AutosomaDamage‐RAssessmenKinship‐Notes Source Method‐Date Date Mean CalBC_top CalBC_bot Age Simplified_Culture Culture_Grouping Label Location SiteID Country Denisova4 FR695060.1 51.4 84.7 M DN1a1 DN1a1 https:/ROOT>HD>DN1>D1a>D1a1 DN L A11914G • C1YFull TMRCA ca. 708,133.1 (549,422.5‐930,979.7) A0000 A0000 A0000 A0000 A0 A0000 PetrbioRxiv2020 84.1–55.2 ka [Douka ‐67700 ‐82150 ‐53250 Adult ma Denisovan Middle Palaeolithic Denisova Cave Russia Denisova8 KT780370.1 51.4 84.7 M DN2 DN2 https:/ROOT>HD>DN2 DN L A11914G • C1YFull TMRCA ca. 706,874.9 (607,187.2‐833,211.4) A0000 A0000‐T A0000‐T A0000‐T A0 A0000 PetrbioRxiv2020 136.4–105.6 ka ‐119050 ‐134450 ‐103650 Adult ma Denisovan Middle Palaeolithic Denisova Cave Russia Spy_final Spy 94a 50.5 4.67 .. ND1b1a1b2* ND1b1a1b2* https:/ROOT>NM>ND>ND1>ND1b>ND1b1>ND1b1a>ND1b1a1>ND1b1a1b>ND1b1a1b2 ND L C6563T * A11YFull TMRCA ca. 369,637.7 (326,137.1‐419,311.0) A000 A000a A000a A000‐T>A000>A000a A0 A000 PetrbioRxiv2020 553719 0.66381 .. PASS (literan/a HajdinjakNature2018 from MeyDirect: 95.4%; IntCal20, OxC39431‐38495 calBCE ‐38972 ‐39431 ‐38495 Neanderthal Late Middle Palaeolithic Spy_Neanderthal.SG Grotte de Spy, Jemeppe‐sur‐Sambre, Namur Belgium El Sidron 1253 FM865409.1 43.4 ‐5.33 ND1b1a* ND1b1a* https:/ROOT>NM>ND>ND1>ND1b>ND1b1>ND1b1a ND L YFull TMRCA ca. -
KMBT C554e-20150630165533
Recent Research on Paleolithic Arts in Europe and the Multimedia Database Cesar Gonzalez Sai 民 Roberto Cacho Toca Department Department of Historical Sciences. University of Cantabria. Avda. Los Castros s/n. 39005. SANTANDER (Spain) e-mail: e-mail: [email protected] I [email protected] Summary. In In this article the authors present the Multimedia Photo YR Database, made by Texnai, Inc. (Tokyo) and the the Department of Historical Sciences of the University of Cantabria (Spain) about the paleolithic art in northern northern Spain. For this purpose, it ’s made a short introduction to the modem knowledge about the European European paleolithic art (35000 ・1 1500 BP), giving special attention to the last research trends and, in which way, the new techniques (computers, digital imaging, database, physics ... ) are now improving the knowledge about this artistic works. Finally, is made a short explanation about the Multimedia Photo YR Database Database and in which way, these databases can improve, not only research and teaching, but also it can promote in the authorities and people the convenience of an adequate conservation and research of these artistic artistic works. Key Words: Multimedia Database, Paleolithic Art, Europe, North Spain, Research. 1. 1. Introduction. The paleolithic European art. Between approximately 35000 and 11500 years BP, during the last glacial phases, the European continent continent saw to be born a first artistic cycle of surprising surprising aesthetic achievements. The expressive force force reached in the representation of a great variety of of wild animals, with some very simple techniques, techniques, has been rarely reached in the history of the the western a此 We find this figurative art in caves, caves, rock-shelters and sites in the open air, and at the the same time, on very di 仔erent objects of the daily li た (pendants, spatulas, points ofjavelin, harpoons, perforated perforated baton, estatues or simple stone plates). -
Palaeoart of the Ice Age
Palaeoart of the Ice Age Palaeoart of the Ice Age By Robert G. Bednarik Palaeoart of the Ice Age By Robert G. Bednarik This book first published 2017 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by Robert G. Bednarik All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-9517-2 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-9517-0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Outlining the Issues Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 The nature of palaeoart .......................................................................... 3 About this book ...................................................................................... 6 About Eve .............................................................................................. 9 Summing up ......................................................................................... 21 Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 37 Africa Earlier Stone Age (ESA) and Lower Palaeolithic ............................... -
Turismo En Las Cuevas: El Patrimonio Rupestre En Cantabria, España Cave Tourism
Gran Tour: Revista de Investigaciones Turísticas nº 16 Julio-Diciembre de 2017 p.78-94 ISSN: 2172-8690 Escuela Universitaria de Turismo, Universidad de Murcia TURISMO EN LAS CUEVAS: EL PATRIMONIO RUPESTRE EN CANTABRIA, ESPAÑA CAVE TOURISM: ROCK ART HERITAGE IN CANTABRIA, SPAIN FRANCESC FUSTÉ-FORNÉ1 Facultad de Turismo, Universitat de Girona RESUMEN Desde el descubrimiento de las primeras cavidades, la relación entre arqueología y turismo en estos espacios ha evolucionado teniendo en cuenta varios aspectos de forma simultánea, entre los cuales la conservación y el desarrollo sostenible del entorno han sido primordiales. A la vez, la activación turística de estos espacios es un eje estratégico para el desarrollo rural. Este artículo analiza la importancia del turismo en cuevas en Cantabria, que aglutina la mayor densidad de cuevas de arte rupestre del mundo. Para visitantes y turistas, este tipo de turismo tiene un atractivo tanto cultural como natural. Palabras clave: arte rupestre, cuevas, espacios naturales, España, turismo arqueológico, turismo rural. ABSTRACT From the discovery of a cave, the relationship between archaeology and tourism primarily considers issues such as conservation and sustainable development. Also, tourism activity later performs as strategic driver for rural development. This paper analyses the role of cave tourism in Cantabria, which agglutinates the world’s major density of caves. To visitors and tourists, motivations for cave tourism come from both cultural and natural factors. Key words: rock art, caves, natural areas, Spain, archaeological tourism, rural tourism. Fecha de Recepción 3 de noviembre 2017. Fecha de Aceptación 22 de diciembre 2017 1 Facultad de Turismo, Universitat de Girona. -
Course Descriptions Tourism (514.08
COURSE DESCRIPTIONS Bachelor’s Degree in Tourism 1st year 6750 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE ECONOMY Lesson 1: Fundamentals of the economy. 1.1. Concept y method in economics. 1.2. Scarcity and need to choose: the frontier of production possibilities. 1.3. Resource assignation in a market economy system. 1.4. Efficiency, market failure and the State. PART II: MICROECONOMY Lesson 2: Demand, offer, and price. 2.1. Demand. 2.2. Offer. 2.3. Market balance. 2.4. Applications of demand and offer analysis. Lesson 3: Elasticity and its applications. 3.1. Demand elasticity. 3.2. The elasticity of offer. 3.3. Applications of elasticity in demand and offer. Lesson 4: The firm: production and costs. 4.1. Basic concepts. 4.2. The productive activity of the firm. 4.3. Production costs. Lesson 5: Perfect competition. 5.1. Characteristics of competitive models. 5.2. Short-term competitive equilibrium. Lesson 6: Non-competitive markets. 6.1. The monopoly. 1 6.2. Monopolistic competition. 6.3. The oligopoly. PART III. MACROECONOMY Lesson 7. NATIONAL ACCOUNTING AND BASIC MACRO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. 7.1. The objectives of the macroeconomy. 7.2. Gross National Product (GNP). Estimation methods. 7.3. Nominal GDP and economic growth rate. 7.4. Balance of Payments and exchange rates. Lesson 8. THE ASSETS MARKET AND FISCAL POLICY. 8.1. The components of aggregate demand. 8.2. The Keynesian model of income determination. 8.3. Tax policy. Lesson 9. THE MONEY MARKETS AND MONETARY POLICY. 9.1. Concept and functions of money. 9.2. Demand for money and monetary offer. -
Excavations at Mlambalasi Rockshelter: a Terminal Pleistocene to Recent Iron Age Record in Southern Tanzania
Afr Archaeol Rev DOI 10.1007/s10437-017-9253-3 RESEARCH REPORT Excavations at Mlambalasi Rockshelter: a Terminal Pleistocene to Recent Iron Age Record in Southern Tanzania K. M. Biittner & E. A. Sawchuk & J. M. Miller & J. J. Werner & P. M. Bushozi & P. R. Willoughby # The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract The Mlambalasi rockshelter in the Iringa Re- millennia as diverse human groups were repeatedly gion of southern Tanzania has rich artifactual deposits attracted to this fixed feature on the landscape. spanning the Later Stone Age (LSA), Iron Age, and historic periods. Middle Stone Age (MSA) artifacts are Résumé L'abri sous roche Mlambalasi dans la région also present on the slope in front of the rockshelter. d'Iringa au sud de la Tanzanie est riche en artéfacts du Extensive, systematic excavations in 2006 and 2010 Paléolithique supérieur jusqu'à l'âge du fer et la by members of the Iringa Region Archaeological Project période historique. Des artéfacts du Paléolithique (IRAP) illustrate a complex picture of repeated occupa- moyen sont présents sur le versant en face de l'abri. tions and reuse of the rockshelter during an important Des fouilles extensives et systématiques réalisées par time in human history. Direct dates on Achatina shell l’équipe d’Iringa Region Archaeological Project and ostrich eggshell (OES) beads suggest that the earli- (IRAP) révèlent une image complexe de l’utilisation est occupation levels excavated at Mlambalasi, which et de la réutilisation de l'abri sous roche pendant un are associated with human burials, are terminal Pleisto- moment important dans l'histoire de l'humanité. -
What Is a Hunter-Gatherer? Variation in the Archaeological Record of Eastern and Southern Africa
Journal of Archaeological Research, Vol. 13, No. 4, December 2005 (C 2005) DOI: 10.1007/s10814-005-5111-y What Is a Hunter-Gatherer? Variation in the Archaeological Record of Eastern and Southern Africa Sibel B. Kusimba1 This article reviews the recent history of the archaeology of African hunter- gatherers, focusing on debates around the origins of modern humans and the destiny of hunter-gatherers with the advent of food production. African archae- ologists are developing an increasing appreciation for the diversity of African hunter-gatherer societies. Understandings of hunter-gatherers based primarily on ethnography are being successfully challenged and extended. KEY WORDS: Africa; hunter-gatherers; Paleolithic; Middle Stone Age; later Stone Age; food production. INTRODUCTION African examples of hunter-gatherer societies have been paramount in world ethnography (Lee, 1979, 1984; Marshall, 1976; Turnbull, 1962; Woodburn, 1968). African ethnographic cases have also provided useful ethnographic analogy for archaeologists working in many places and time periods (Shott, 1992). Recip- rocally, African archaeologists have sought to provide an ethnographic view of ancient people, focusing on site occupations, settlement patterns, economic activ- ity, and intergroup relationships, at least since the late 1960s (Clark, 1970, p. 80). The effort to excavate “hunter-gatherers” is complicated by the oft-cited poor fit between ethnographic case studies and known archaeological patterns (Parking- ton, 1984; see also Kuhn and Stiner, 2001; Price and Brown, 1985). Ethnographic analogy is still the most important means of interpreting African hunter-gatherer archaeology, although alternatives are well-developed (Winterhalder, 2001). 1Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, Illinois 60115; and The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605; e-mail: 337 1059-0161/05/1200-0337/0 C 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. -
Arte Prehistórico Al Aire Libre En El Sur De Europa
Arte Prehistórico al aire libre en el Sur de Europa Ed: Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann © 2008 de esta edición: Junta de Castilla y León Consejería de Cultura y Turismo ISBN: Depósito Legal: Diseño y Arte final: dDC, Diseño y Comunicación Imprime: Printed in Spain. Impreso en España António Pedro Batarda Fernandes Limites de Parque Arqueológico do Vale do Côa. Avd. Gago Coutinho, 19-A, 5150-610 V.N. Foz Côa, Portugal intervenção na [email protected] conservação de superfícies de arte rupestre. O caso especifico dos afloramientos gravados do Vale do Côa Resumo Considerando testes prévios de conservação realizados em trabalho de conservação for realmente necessário ele deve Rocha-Tipo do Vale do Côa (afloramentos sem gravuras ser fortemente determinado por preocupações estéticas e mas com dinâmicas erosivas semelhantes aqueles que pos- éticas? Ou pelo contrário, será que o objectivo de fazer suem motivos de arte rupestre), pretende-se discutir os subsistir este património de arte rupestre nos permite o limites razoáveis de intervenção nos trabalhos de conserva- completo ‘sacrifício’ do um objecto de arte ‘original’? E ção de superfícies de arte rupestre. O facto de estarmos a qual será esse estado ‘original’ do objecto de arte rupestre lidar com um objecto de arte que subsiste há vários milha- do Vale do Côa? Por outro lado, as intervenções de con- res de anos e num determinado contexto de evolução servação podem afectar a apreciação estética contemporâ- natural, mas também social, obriga-nos a colocar questões nea dos motivos de arte rupestre? Estas são, em suma, metodológicas e conceptuais pertinentes sobre tais limites. -
Bantu Expansion Shows That Habitat Alters the Route and Pace of Human Dispersals
Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals Rebecca Grollemunda,1, Simon Branforda, Koen Bostoenb, Andrew Meadea, Chris Vendittia, and Mark Pagela,c,1 aEvolutionary Biology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6BX, England; bKongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; and cThe Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 Edited by Peter S. Bellwood, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, and accepted by the Editorial Board August 10, 2015 (receivedfor review February 25, 2015) Unlike most other biological species, humans can use cultural inno- at ∼2,500 B.P. affected amongst others the western part of the vations to occupy a range of environments, raising the intriguing Congo Basin, creating patches of more or less open forests and question of whether human migrations move relatively indepen- wooded or grassland savannahs (14, 15). These areas eventually dently of habitat or show preferences for familiar ones. The Bantu merged into a corridor known as the “Sangha River Interval” that expansion that swept out of West Central Africa beginning ∼5,000 y repeatedly facilitated the north–southspreadofcertaintypical ago is one of the most influential cultural events of its kind, even- savannah plant and animal species (17, 20–22). tually spreading over a vast geographical area a new way of life in The Sangha River Interval may also have been a crucial pas- which farming played an increasingly important role. We use a new sageway for the initial north–south migration of Bantu speech dated phylogeny of ∼400 Bantu languages to show that migrating communities across the Equator. -
World Bank Document
Environmentally Sustainable AFTESWORKING PAPER DevelopmentDivision v- EnvironmentalAssessment Working Paper No.4 Public Disclosure Authorized CULTURAL PROPERTY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS IN Public Disclosure Authorized SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA A Handbook Public Disclosure Authorized by June Taboroff and Cynthia C. Cook September 1993 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmentally Sustainable Development Division Africa Technical Department The World Bank EnvironmentalAssessment Working Paper No. 4 Cultural Property and Environmental Assessments in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Handbook by June Taboroff and Cynthia C. Cook September1993 EnvironmentallySustainable Development Division SocialPolicy and Resettlement Division TechnicalDepartment EnvironmentDepartment AfricaRegion TheWorld Bank Thispaper has been prepared for internal use. The views and interpretabonsarethose of the authors and should not be attri- butedto the World Bank, to itsaffiliated organizations, orto any individualacting on their behalf. PREFACE The use of environmentalassessment (EA) to identifythe environmentalconsequences of developmentprojects and to take these consequencesinto account in project design is one of the World Bank's most important tools for ensuring that developmentstrategies are environmentally sound and sustainable. The protectionof cultural heritage - sites, structures, artifacts, and remains of archaeological,historical, religious, cultural, or aesthetic value - is one importantobjective of the EA process. The Bank's EA procedures require its Borrowersto undertakecultural -
To Be Or Not to Be Palaeolithic, That Is the Question
Rock Art Research 2009 - Volume 26, Number 2, pp. 165-177. R. G. BEDNARIK 165 KEYWORDS: Rock art – Dating – Style – Palaeolithic – Validation – Fakes TO BE OR NOT TO BE PALAEOLITHIC, THAT IS THE QUESTION Robert G. Bednarik Abstract. The tendency of many European and some Asian archaeologists to pronounce rock art as being Palaeolithic in the absence of any evidence other than stylistic vibes is examined. Numerous examples are presented and discussed, from central Europe, Britain, France and especially from the Iberian Peninsula. The rest of the world is also briefly considered. All claims from outside the traditional main corpus, essentially in France and Spain, are shown to be tenuous and largely unsupported, and this applies to the entire region from Portugal to China. There are literally hundreds of false or very tenuous claims for Pleistocene rock art from Eurasia. This state is then compared with the situation in other continents, in an effort to understand the psychology of those making precipitate claims. 1. Introduction South America, some examples are known in the United A fascinating article about Palaeolithic art is Free- States; but in Europe, thousands of instances have man’s (1994) erudite review of the undercurrents occurred, and many have no doubt not been exposed involved in the discovery, rejection and acceptance yet (Bahn 1993; Bahn and Vertut 1997: 77–83). of the Altamira rock art, examining how myths have While it would be fascinating to explore the reasons conditioned the research about Palaeolithic art. It also for the geographical distribution of fakes of Pleistocene explains the parallels in the validation of religious art — bearing in mind that Pleistocene art itself occurs shrines and their usurpation by ecclesiastical authority: in all continents other than Antarctica and is far more Those special beliefs and feelings [about Palaeolithic common in Australia than in Europe — here I wish to art] are held by the professional prehistorian as well limit myself to exploring the propensity of European as the average citizen. -
The Middle to Later Stone Age Transition at Panga Ya Saidi, in the Tropical Coastal Forest Of
1 The Middle to Later Stone Age transition at Panga ya Saidi, in the tropical coastal forest of 2 eastern Africa 3 4 Abstract 5 The Middle to Later Stone Age transition is a critical period of human behavioral change that 6 has been variously argued to pertain to the emergence of modern cognition, substantial 7 population growth, and major dispersals of Homo sapiens within and beyond Africa. 8 However, there is little consensus about when the transition occurred, the geographic 9 patterning of its emergence, or even how it is manifested in stone tool technology that is used 10 to define it. Here we examine a long sequence of lithic technological change at the cave site 11 of Panga ya Saidi, Kenya, that spans the Middle and Later Stone Age and includes human 12 occupations in each of the last five Marine Isotope Stages. In addition to the stone artifact 13 technology, Panga ya Saidi preserves osseous and shell artifacts enabling broader 14 considerations of the covariation between different spheres of material culture. Several 15 environmental proxies contextualize the artifactual record of human behavior at Panga ya 16 Saidi. We compare technological change between the Middle and Later Stone Age to on-site 17 paleoenvironmental manifestations of wider climatic fluctuations in the Late Pleistocene. The 18 principal distinguishing feature of Middle from Later Stone Age technology at Panga ya Saidi 19 is the preference for fine-grained stone, coupled with the creation of small flakes 20 (miniaturization). Our review of the Middle to Later Stone Age transition elsewhere in 21 eastern Africa and across the continent suggests that this broader distinction between the two 22 periods is in fact widespread.