US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, GREEN LIGHT BT WORM KILLER

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, GREEN LIGHT BT WORM KILLER C C EP1~E D AUG I 4 1996 GREEN LIGHT BT WORM KILLER Bacillus Thuringiensis ME BT Insect Spray Microencapsulated Water-Based Time-Released Longer Lasting BIOLOGICAL INSECTICIDE FOR CONTROL OF CERTAIN LEAF-CHEWING WORMS ON VEGETABLES, FRUITS, NUTS, HOME LAWNS AND ORNAMENT AL TREES, SHRUBS AND FLOWERS . ACTIVE INGREDIENT: A blend of CrylA© and CrylC derived* delta endotoxins of Baer I/us thuringiensis encapsulated in killed Pseudomonas fluorescens ..... 12% INERT INGREDIENTS ...... .. ... ..... .................................... ........ ...... ..... ~ TOTAL 100% One gallon of this product contains 1.05 lbs. of delta endotoxins of BaerI/u s thuringiensis encapsulated jn killed Pseudomonas fluorescens KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN CAUTION See Back Or Side Panel For Additional Precautionary Statements EPA Reg. No. 869- EPA Est. No. 869-TX-I Net Contents One Pint (474 ml) Distributed by Green Light Company, P.O. Box 17985, San Antonio, TX 78217-0985 ---·-------------------~---------------- (Back Or Side Panel ) PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS CAUTION: May cause skin sensitization reactions in certain mdiv1duals Avoid contact wtth eyes, skin or clothing. STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT: If m eyes. flush wtth plenty of water Get medical attention if irritation persists.Wash thoroughly \\1th soap and water after handling. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS: Keep out of lakes, ponds or streams. Do not contaminate aquatic systems by cleaning of equipment or di sposal of wastes DIRECTIONS FOR USE: It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. GENERAL INFORMATION Mode of Action: This product must be eaten by targeted insect pests to be effective. Within seconds of ingestion, the active ingredient is dissolved and instantly begins destroying the insect's digestive tract. Insect pests stop feeding immediately after eating this product. Death occurs l to 5 days later due to disintegration of the digestive tract and the resulting starvation. Pre-Harvest Interval: This product can be applied up to the day of harvest (zero days to harvest). Insects Controlled: This product controls the listed caterpillar (e.g., "larval") insect pests including those resistant to synthetic chemical pesticides. The selected toxins in this product are highly potent against Annyworms, Homworms, Loopers, Webworms and others. Beneficial Insects: This product does not harm beneficial insects such as honeybees, lacew-ings, ladybugs, etc. Application Timing: Make the first application as soon as larvae begin to hatch. Always target newly hatched or small larvae with spray applications so that insect pests are controlled before they cause extensive damage. Repeat applications as needed to maintain larval control. If rain or irrigation occurs on day of application, reapply this product. Application Rates: Thorough coverage of foliage is necessary for optimal performance of this product. Use sufficient volume of water to thoroughly wet upper and lower leaf surfaces. Do not apply to runoff. Mix 3 to 6 tablespoons ( 1-1 /2 to 3 fl oz.) per one gallon of water. Rates of applications will vary depending on intensity of worm infestations. VEGETABLES: For use on the following: Beet, Broccoli, Brussels Sprout, Cabbage, Carrot, Cauliflower, Celery, Cucumber, Eggplant, Greens (collard, mustard), Lettuce, Melons, Okra, Onion, Pepper, Potato, Spinach, Squash (summer, winter), Tomato, Turnip Insect Pests Controlled: Alfalfa Looper, Annyworm, Beet Annyworm, Cabbage Budworm, Cabbage Looper, Cabbage Webwonn, Celery Leaftier, Com Earworm, Cross-Striped Cabbageworm, Diamondback Moth, European Com Borer, Fall Annyworm. False Celery Leaftier, Green Cloverwonn, Homworm, Imported Cabbageworm, Leafrollc:r. Loo~r. Melonwonn, Omnivorous Leafroller, Pickleworm, Potato Tuberworm. Rmdworm. Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Tomato Fruitworm, Tomato Pinwonn, Velvetbean Caterpillar. Wc:bwonn. Yellowstriped Annyworm. SMALL FRUITS AND BERRIES: For use on the followmg Blackberry. Blueberry. Cranberry. Grape, Raspberry, Strawberry. Insect Pests Controlled: Achena Sphinx Moth, Annyworm. Blueberry Leafroller. Blueberry Spanworm, Brown Spanworm, Cabbage Looper, Carob Moth. Cherry Fruitwonn, Cutworm. Fruit Tree Leafroller, Green Fruitwonn, Grape Berry Moth. Grape Leaf Folder, Gypsy Moth. Leafroller, Looper, Obliquebanded Leafroller, Omnivorous Leafroller, Orange Tortrix, Roughskinned Cutworm, Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Tobacco Budworm, Western Grape Leaf Skeletonizer. NUTS, POME FRUIT, STONE FRUIT AND CITRUS: For use on the following: Almond, Apple, Apricot, Cherry, Chestnut, Citrus Citron, Filbert, Grapefruit, Kumquat, Lemon, Lime, · Nectarine, Orange, Pecan, Peach, Pear, Persimmon, Pistachio, Plum, Pomegranate, Prune, Quince, Tangelo, Tangerine, Walnut ( black, english). Insect Pests Controlled: Cankerworm, Carob Moth, Citrus Cutworm, Codling Moth, Cutworm, Fall Webworm, Filbert Leafroller, Filbert Webworm, Filbertworm, Fruit Tree Leafroller, Garden Tortrix, Grape Leaf Folder, Green Fruitworm, Gypsy Moth, Humped Green Fruitworm, Leafroller, Navel Orangeworm, Obliquebanded Leafroller, Omnivorous Leafroller, Orange Tortrix, Oriental Fruit Moth, Pandemis Leafroller, Peach Twig Borer, Pecan Nut Casebearer, Redbanded Leafroller, Redhumped Caterpillar, Roughskinned Cutworm, Speckled Green Fruitworm, Tent Caterpillar, Tufted Apple Budworm, Variegated Leafroller, Walnut Caterpillar, Western Tussock Moth. HOME LAWNS, BEDDING PLANTS, FLOWERS, ORNAMENTALS: Insect Pests Controlled: Armyworm, Azalea Moth, Cabbage Moth, Cutworm, Diamondback Moth, Ello Moth, Fall Armyworm, Fiery Skipper, Lo Moth, Leafroller, Looper, Oleander Moth, Omnivorous Leafroller, Omnivorous Looper, Sod Webworm, Tobacco Budworm. LANDSCAPE TREES AND SHRUBS: Insect Pests Controlled: Armyworm, Bagworm, Blackheaded Budworm, Browntail Moth, Buckmoth Caterpillar, California Oakworm, Cankerworm, Douglas Fir Tussock Moth, Elm Spanworm, Fall Webworm, Fruit Tree Leafroller. Greenstriped Mapleworm, Gypsy Moth, Jack Pine Budworm, Mimosa Webworm, Redhumped Caterpillar, Saddleback Caterpillar, Spruce Budworm, Tent Caterpiller, Tortrix, Western Tussock Moth. STORAGE AND DISPOSAL Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. STORAGE: Keep container unopened until use. Store unused product in original container. This product should be stored at temperatures between 35F and 90F. PESTICIDE DISPOSAL: Leave unwanted pesticide material in original container. Securely wrap original container in several layers of newspaper and discard in trash. CONTAINER DISPOSAL: Do not reuse empty container. Rinse thoroughly and wrap original container in several layers of newspaper and discard in trash. WARRANTY: Green Light warrants that this product conforms to the chemical description on the label and is reasonably fit for the purposes stated on the label when used in strict accordance with the directions. Buyer assumes all risks of use, storage and handling of this product not m strict accordance with directions given herewith. • Condor- XL bioinsecticide is a biological insecticide for the USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS control of lepidopteran pests. User should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki strain EG2348 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS Lepidopteran active toxin .. ... .... ...... .. 15.0% Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment Inert Ingredient• .. .. ...................85.0% washwaters. TOTAL .................100.0% STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 1.20 lbs. active ingredient per gallon Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. KEEP OUT OF I:',-. -- - Storage: Store in a cool, dry place inaccessible to children. t , ., =, Pesticide Disposal: Do not contaminate water when dis- OF CHILDREN ~ posing of equipment washwaters. Wastes resulting from the ----....: • use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. I CAUTION Container Diapoaal: Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in STATEMENT OF P, a sanitary landfill, or incinerate, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. If On Skin: Wash with pl medical attention. ~ , · DIRECTIONS FOR USE PRECAUTIOMA It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a man­ ner inconsistent with its labeling. Do not apply this product HAZARDS TO HUPJ-. / C in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either CAUTION: Harmful if absoro.,_ 0 t \} iet directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may be in with skin, eyes or clothing. Wash tnv,- / .nd the area during application. For any requirements specific water after handling. to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ...pestic ide regulation. Applicators and other handlers must wear: • Long sleeved shirt and long pants •· Shoes plus socks Follow manufacturer's instructions tor deaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for wa&iables exist, use deter­ gent and hot water. Keep and wash P.PE separately from other laundry. Unda the Federal lmzdddr Fluagldde. mad .............. aa crmaaded, lor tbe p #die regjaeneimad• EPAlle9.Mo. 55'=,3 -33 EPA REG. No. 55638-33 Ecogen Inc. EPA EST. No. 42761-MS-1 IE 2005 Cabot Blvd. West, P.O. Box 3023 (Subscript refers to last 2 digits of lot number on container) l..Nlgharr,e, PA 1904 7 -3023 Net Contents: 2.5 U.S. Gallons 215fl57-1590 or
Recommended publications
  • Relative Attraction of the Cabbage Looper Moth (Trichoplusia Ni (Hübner)) to Wild-Type and Transgenic Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 11-10-2017 9:00 AM Relative Attraction of the Cabbage Looper Moth (Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)) to Wild-type and Transgenic Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) William J. Laur The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Ian Scott The University of Western Ontario Co-Supervisor Dr. Jeremy McNeil The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Biology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Science © William J. Laur 2017 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Laur, William J., "Relative Attraction of the Cabbage Looper Moth (Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)) to Wild-type and Transgenic Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)" (2017). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5078. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5078 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract The cabbage looper moth (CLM), Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an agricultural pest that has developed resistance to many frequently used insecticides, so alternative methods are required to reduce greenhouse CLM populations. Host plant volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are used by female CLMs as cues for host location and oviposition. I hypothesized that changes in host plant VOC production, through genetic modification, could alter host location behaviour by CLMs. These changes in VOCs have potential to give rise to highly attractive transgenic trap crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Biology and Ecology
    STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE CABBAGE MOTH, MAMESTRA BRASSICAE L. (LEPIDOPTERA : NOCTUIDAE) by AQUILES MONTAGNE Ingeniero Agronomo (Venezuela) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London and the Diploma of Imperial College Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology, Imperial College Field Station, Silwood Park, Ascot Berkshire September 1977 TABLE OF CONTENT Page ABSTRACT ' GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2 SECTION 1 THE BIOLOGY OF M. brassicae 5 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 General Description of the Stages 6 1.3 Life History and Habits 8 1.4 Laboratory Studies on the Effect of Temperature on the Development and Survival of the Immature Stages 25 1.4.1 Materials and methods 25 1.4.2 Results and discussion 26 1.5 Laboratory Studies on Longevity and Fecundity 36 1.5.1 Materials and methods 36 1.5.2 Results and discussion 37 1.5.2.1 Longevity 37 1.5.2.2 Fecundity and Fertility 38 ' 1.6 Section General Discussion 47 SECTION 2 STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF LARVAL DENSITY ON M. 50 brassicae 2.1 Introduction 50 2.2 Review of Literature 50 2.3 Material and Methods 59 ii Table of Contents (Continued) Page 2.4 Results and Discussion 60 2.4.1 Colour variations in larval stage 60 2.4.1.1 Larval colour types 60 2.4.1.2 The colour of larvae reared at various densities 62 2.4.2 The pattern of larval and pupal development 66 2.4.2.1 The duration of larval development 66 2.4.2.2 The pattern of larval growth 71 2.4.2.3 The duration of prepupal and pupal periods 72 2.4.2.4 Larval and pupal mortality 75 2.4.2.5 Sex ratio
    [Show full text]
  • In Partnership with CATERPILLAR PESTS OF
    In partnership with CATERPILLAR PESTS OF BRASSICA CROPS – 21st May 2019 Summaries of sightings of diamond-back moth and silver Y moth in several northern European countries in 2019 can be found here: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/lifesci/wcc/research/pests/plutella/sightings2019/. These are moths captured or seen and reported on 'biodiversity monitoring' websites. The summaries of ‘citizen science’ moth sightings in the UK and on the continent will be supplemented by on- farm monitoring of diamond-back moth by several members of the Brassica Growers Association. Large numbers of diamond-back moths arrived in the UK on Friday 17th May https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/lifesci/wcc/research/pests/plutella/sightings2019/. The moths were first seen along the east coast of England but may have moved since then. This seems to have been the only ‘pulse’ of moths so far as lower numbers have been seen since then. If they arrive in brassicas then it is likely that the female diamond-back moths will lay eggs quite rapidly. You can get some idea of how long the eggs might take to hatch from the table on this web page https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/lifesci/wcc/research/pests/plutella/. On-farm monitoring of diamond-back moth by members of the Brassica Growers Association and others Date Location Number of moths Number of traps 30 April Lancashire 1 2 7 May Lancashire 15 6 14 May Cornwall 1 2 14 May Lancashire 7 6 17 May Wellesbourne 1 2 20 May Scotland Moths seen in crops - 21 May Lancashire 11 6 In partnership with Citizen Science – sightings of diamond-back moth and silver Y moth Sightings of diamond-back moth and silver Y moth reported on websites since mid-April 2019 are summarised below.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Insects, Spiders and Mites in Vegetable Crops: Workshop Manual Loopers Chrysodeixis Spp
    Important pests in vegetable crops This section gives descriptions of common pests found in Australian vegetable crops. They are listed according to the insect order they belong to. Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) Heliothis (corn earworm, tomato budworm, native budworm) Helicoverpa spp. Heliothis larvae feed as leaf eaters and bud and fruit borers on a wide range of plants, including many weeds. Adults lay round, domed, ribbed eggs that are cream when newly laid, turning brownish (‘brown ring’ stage) as they mature. Larvae grow up to 40 mm long and vary in colour from green through yellow and brown to almost black, with a pale stripe down each side. The moths have a wing span of 35–45 mm. Heliothis moth at rest These are some examples of heliothis damage to vegetable crops: • On lettuce and brassicas, larvae feed on the outer leaves or tunnel into the heart of the plant. • In tomato crops, eggs are laid on the leaves, flowers and fruit. Young larvae burrow into flowers causing them to fall and they cause pinhole damage to very young tomato fruit. Older larvae burrow into the fruit, creating holes and encouraging rots to develop. • In capsicum, larvae feed on the fruit and the seed inside the fruit. Eggs are laid mainly on leaves, but also on flowers and buds. Heliothis eggs on tomato shoot • In sweet corn, eggs are laid on the silks and leaves. Larvae feed on the developing grains on the cob, sometimes on the leaves and often inside the tip of the corn cob. • In green beans and peas, the larvae feed on the flowers, pods and developing seed inside the pods.
    [Show full text]
  • Cabbage Moth Mamestra Brassicae
    Michigan State University’s invasive species factsheets Cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae The cabbage moth is a highly polyphagous defoliator, but particularly damaging to cabbage in Europe and Asia. Larval feeding and frass accumulation can lower the commercial value of infested crops. Its introduction to Michigan may pose a concern in particular to vegetable industries, but its infestation may extend to fruit, floriculture, ornamental and other crops. Michigan risk maps for exotic plant pests. Systematic position Insecta > Lepidoptera > Noctuidae > Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus) Global distribution The insect’s range extends throughout the Palearctic region (Europe, Asia north of the Himalayas and Africa north of the Sahara). Quarantine status This insect is not known to be introduced into North Adult. (Photo: S. van der Molen) America. Plant hosts The cabbage moth is highly polyphagous, known to feed on more than 70 plant species from 22 families. Caterpillars prefer to feed on cruciferous plants, especially cabbage and related Brassica spp. (Brussels sprout, cauliflower, turnip). Other hosts include apple, beetroot, onion, potato, rhubarb and tomato. In Britain, they are an occasional pest of carnations and chrysanthemums grown in greenhouses (Carter 1984). Biology Female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of host plant leaves. Larvae feed on leaves at night and hide at the plant’s base during daytime. Mature larvae burrow into the ground 5-10 cm deep and pupate in a fragile cocoon. They overwinter as pupae. Adults can be Larvae on cauliflower (Photo: BASF) seen from May to October. The moths fly at night and are attracted to light and nectar-rich flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies of the Italian Dolomites
    Butterflies of the Italian Dolomites Naturetrek Tour Report 25 June - 2 July 2014 Alpine meadow at Rosengarten Titania's Fritillary on Lesser Butterfly Orchid Alpine Blue Dolomites Butterflies Group Report compiled by Alan Miller and Jessica Turner Images by Alan Miller Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Butterflies of the Italian Dolomites Tour Leaders: Alan Miller Jessica Turner Participants: Amanda Martin Alan Martin Linda Nottage Rob Nottage Jean Maclean Norman Maclean Bill Furse Faith Mackenzie Jennifer Rae Susan Martin Ron Martin Celia Holmes Jeff Holmes Glynis Blyth Colin Blyth Vera Grodzinski Summary The 2014 Naturetrek Group spent a week in stunning mountain scenery enjoying fantastic vistas and wonderful flora and fauna. The past winter had brought heavier than normal snowfall in the mountains resulting in cold, unsettled weather well into June. Whilst there were good numbers of birds, moths and flowers, some butterflies were late onto the wing. Sunshine was in short supply and when the sun appeared from behind a cloud butterflies would appear like magic, but as soon as it disappeared they would instantly go to ground. The group rose to the challenge and, although butterfly numbers were down on the previous year, we did have excellent views of many species to the delight of the photographers. In the end we saw almost 50 species, many of which were new to group members, and we saw many moths not normally recorded on this tour.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential of Parasitoids for the Control of Cabbage Moth in Augmentative Releases
    OF t5- ll-ö POTENTIAL OF PARASITOIDS FOR THE CONTROL OF CABBAGE MOTH IN AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES Herminanto M.S. (The University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia) A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science in the Department of Applied and Molecular Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, Adelaide University November 1995 Revised September 2001 ll TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DECLARATION v ABSTRACT vi ACKNOWLEDMENTS vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 REVIEW OF LITERÄTTJRE .... 8 2.L Introduction 8 2.2 The cabbage moth (Plutelln xylostelaL.) 10 2.2.I Introduction 10 2.2.2 Biology t2 2.2.3 Control measures 2t 2.3 Role of parasitoids in insect pest management 4I 2.3.I Introduction ....... 4L 2.3.2 Utilisation of parasitoids ..... 42 2.3.3 Classical biological control 43 2.3.4 Augmentation 47 2.3.5 Conservation 55 2.4 The parasitoid Cotesìn plutellae Kurdjumov 60 2.4.I Introduction 60 2.4.2 Morphology and life history 6I 2.4.3 Host range 6t 2.4.4 Hyperparasitoids ...... 63 2.5 The parasitoid Díadegma semiclausun Helen 63 2.5.1 Introduction 63 2.5.2 Morphology and life history 63 2.5.3 Host range 65 i 2.5.4 Hyperparasitoids 65 I lll 3.0 EFFBCTIVEI{ESS OF PARASITOIDS AT VARIOUS PARASITOID DENSITIES AGAINST DIFFERENT HOST INSTARS 67 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Materials and Methods 68 3.2.1 Insect source 68 3.2.2 Parasitoid effectiveness 68 3.3 Results and Discussion 72 3.3.1 Rate of parasitism 72 3.3.2 Killing capacity 75 3.3.3 Searching efficiency 79 3.3.4 Number of encounters 80 4.0 EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATLTRES PARASITISATION, DEVELOPMENT, SLZE AND FECITNDITY OF PARASITOIDS 83 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Materials and Methods ......
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf, 275.5 Kb
    AGFACTS AGFACTS Insect pests of crucifer vegetables AGFACTSwww.agric.nsw.gov.au Agfact H8.AE.7, first edition 1987 J. T. Hamilton, Senior Entomologist, R. B. Toffolon, Technical Officer (Scientific) Division of Plant Industries (Revised October 2003) ORDER NO. H8.AE.7 AGDEX 254/620 The crucifer vegetables—cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, turnip and radish—may be attacked by a number of insects. Some of these, such as cabbage white butterfly, cabbage moth and cabbage aphid, feed only on crop and weed plants of the family Cruciferae. Others, such as Helicoverpa caterpillars and cutworms, feed on a wide range of plants. CABBAGE WHITE BUTTERFLY The cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, is the most common pest of crucifers in New South Wales. Its larvae feed voraciously, chewing large holes in the leaves and fouling the plants with excrement. Cabbage white butterfly is most active in the spring and autumn months. It is a native of Europe. The butterfly is cream to yellowish, with black-tipped forewings and central spots; the wingspan is 40 to 50 mm. The butterflies are often seen obtaining nectar Pupal cocoons of wasp parasite Apanteles glomeratus, near cabbage white butterfly caterpillar killed by the from plants unrelated to crucifers; they are attracted wasp larvae that developed inside it. — Photo: M. Hill to blue and yellow flowers. They place their pale yellow, spindle-shaped eggs singly, usually on the outer be recognised by yellow silken cocoons beside the leaves. The younger caterpillars feed on the undersides dead caterpillars. C. rubecula produces a single cocoon of these leaves, and move towards the centre of the from each host whereas C.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Diamondback Moth Guan-Soon Lim Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, G
    16 Biological Control of Diamondback Moth Guan-Soon Lim Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, G. P. 0. 12301, Kuala Lumpur 01-02, Malaysia Abstract The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L), is recognized as a widely distributed and serious pest of crucifers in many countries. In some countries, however, it is effectively suppressed by parasites. These are critically examined as are the various attempts to import parasites and to release them. The appraisal reveals that the parasites of P. xylostella are a valuable control component and resource. Though numerous parasite species exist, not all are found to be effective. On the contrary, the key ones are restricted to only a few species and these belong largely to the genera Diadegma, Apanteles, and Microplitis. Except for Diadegma eucerophaga and possibly Diadegma fenestralis, none appears capable of exerting full control by itself. Many countries are still continuously plagued by P. Xylostella and there is strong evidence that this is due to the lack of crucially important parasites. Unless the relevant key species are made a part of the host-parasite complex, these problems are likely to persist. On the other hand, abandoning them will condemn crucifer cultivation to continued drenching in ever-increasing amounts of insecticides. These conclusions seem inescapable as all known cases of successful P. xylostella control have been obtained only when the basic control component constitutes either parasites or chemical insecticides. Introduction The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeu- tidae), has been recorded as long ago as 1746 (Harcourt 1962). Since then there have been many accounts of its importance throughout literature on economic entomology.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Food Plants Can Regulate the Cabbage Moth, Mamestra Brassicae Population
    Bulletin of Insectology 66 (1): 93-101, 2013 ISSN 1721-8861 Larval food plants can regulate the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae population Luule METSPALU, Eha KRUUS, Katrin JÕGAR, Aare KUUSIK, Ingrid H. WILLIAMS, Eve VEROMANN, Anne LUIK, Angela PLOOMI, Külli HIIESAAR, Irja KIVIMÄGI, Marika MÄND Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Abstract The effect of different food plants on various parameters of development and hibernation in the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassi- cae L. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae), a serious polyphagous pest, was tested. Brassica oleracea, Brassica napus, Beta vulgaris, Allium cepa and Pisum sativum, differed in their influence on larval development rate, on body mass, mass loss and mortality and on the intensity of pupal diapause. When the larvae were fed on A. cepa, B. vulgaris and particularly on P. sativum, larval development was longer, mortality was higher and pupae had a smaller body mass with diapause not deeply engaged, leading to death during hibernation. Therefore, P. sativum may be used to exhaust the resources of M. brassicae until local outbreaks perish. This study provides strategic information for establishing integrated pest management for cropping systems and for predicting the population dynamics of the cabbage moth. Key words: Mamestra brassicae, food plants, development rate, body mass, pupal diapause, metabolic rate. Introduction cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), es- tablished a direct correlation between larval food quality The cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera and the duration of development, pupal mass as well as Noctuidae) is a serious pest throughout the world. In the the number of progeny.
    [Show full text]
  • Site-Specific Environmental Assessment Rangeland Grasshopper And
    ` Final Environmental Assessment Rangeland Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket Suppression Program Adams, Benton, Columbia, Douglas, Ferry, Franklin, Garfield, Grant, Lincoln, Okanogan, Pend Oreille, Spokane, Stevens, Walla Walla, Whitman and Yakima Counties Washington EA Number: WA-21-01 Prepared by: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 222 N Havana Street Spokane, Washington 99202 509-353-2950 May 2021 ` Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Pyrenees
    The French Pyrenees Naturetrek Tour Report 5 - 12 September 2018 Merendera, Merendera pyrenaica Camberwell Beauty Broom Moth larva, Ceramica pisi Cirque de Troumouse Report & images compiled by Chris Gibson Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report The French Pyrenees Tour participants: Chris Gibson (leader) with four Naturetrek clients Day 1 Wednesday 5th September An early afternoon flight from Stansted brought us to Lourdes by 5.30pm, with only a slight delay. After loading the minibus, we headed south into the mountains, in cloud and torrential rain, arriving in Gèdre an hour or so later. Given the weather, not surprisingly, all we saw on the journey was a few Collared Doves in the towns, and a single Black Kite. Greeted at the Hôtel Brèche de Roland by our hosts Odile and Phillipe, we had time to unpack before reconvening for the first of many, unfailingly delicious meals, to the tumultuous accompaniment of a thunderstorm outside. Day 2 Thursday 6th September It was a cloudy dawn, but the clouds parted long enough for a brief glimpse of the eponymous Brèche at the head of the valley before breakfast. Sumptuously fed once again, we collected our picnics and then headed out, first on foot, for an orientation walk around the village and introduction to the local birds, including family groups of Spotted Flycatcher, Black Redstart and White Wagtail, together with Jays and Nuthatches. Continuing down by the river, past Small-leaved Lime trees bearing magnificent clumps of Mistletoe, we ended up at the lower bridge, where despite the sediment-stained torrential flow after last night’s storm, a pair of Dippers performed magnificently for us.
    [Show full text]