The Bridge, Have a Restful Summer and Let's Celebrate the Games!
Issue 16 Summer Edition 2008
China: Knowledge Powerhouse of the Future? @ኪ๎ଶႰڦዐࡔ;࿄ઠ
FC Doris Leuthard New SwissCham Shanghai Honorary Member - Interview ݡ༌ዐࡔ๗ฆࣷĊฉ࡛ႎඵᇤࣷᇵĊDoris Leuthard Swiss Chairman Rolf Jetzer: “Turnaround Accomplished” ”ገऐٷ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິۭ๚Rolf Jetzer˖“ํ၄ዘ CEO Interview With Sicpa Boss Maurice A. Amon CEOݡ༌SicpaጺMaurice A. Amon Art & Culture: Stones Collector Liu Jian Jun on “God’s Art” ”ᅝຍڦڽฉ“ڦᅝຍᇑ࿔ࣅ˖ആ็֠ॆିॺਬ
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Presidents' Page ጺጆત
John Liebeskind Christian Gürtler Marc Aeschlimann Serge G. Fafalen Chairman of SwissCham China President of SwissCham SHA President of SwissCham GZ President of SwissCham HK Dear Readers, Members & Friends ᇞᭀⱘ䇏㗙ǃӮਬ᳟টӀ˖ It has been an extraordinary second quarter for China and the Swiss 2008ᑈᰃकߚ⡍߿ⱘϔᑈˈҞᑈѠᄷᑺᇍѢЁҹঞЁⱘ⨲ business community in an already very special year 2008.The all overshadow- ଚϮಶԧ䛑ᰃ䴲ৠᇏᐌⱘDŽ佪ܜˈথ⫳ಯᎱⱘ⸈ണᗻഄ䳛ҹঞ݊ৃᗩ ing incident was and is the devastating earthquake in Sichuan province and ⱘԭ䳛Փ៥Ӏ㾺ⳂᖗDŽ≵᳝ӏԩ䇁㿔ৃҹܙߚᦣ䗄ഄ䳛䞡♒ऎⱘҎӀ᠔ its terrible aftermath. There are no words which can adequately describe the suffering and losses the people of the hardest hit region have to go through. ᖡফⱘ⮯㢺ᤳ༅ˈЁᬓᑰҎ⇥ҹϔ⾡䖙䗳㗠ϧϮⱘᮍᓣ㒘㒛㋻ᗹᬥ In a compassionate fast and professional way the Chinese Government and ᧈᑊ䳔㽕ᐂࡽⱘҎӀᦤկ䭓ᳳᬃᣕDŽৠᯊˈ⨲ᬓᑰгᦤկњ㋻ᗹᧈ people organized the emergency help and long term support for the people ࡽˈ⨲ЁⱘӕϮ㒋㒋ᝋ㾷ಞࢳᤤˈ⨲ಶԧᇚЎഄ䳛䞡♒ऎᓎ䆒 in need. The Swiss Government offered immediate assistance, Swiss com- ᡫ䳛ᄺ᷵ˈ៥ӀгᇚЎ♒ऎⱘৃᣕ㓁ᗻ䞡ᓎᎹ䖯ϔℹ䋵⤂䞣DŽϡ㽕ㄝ panies in China donated generously and with the Swiss community project to ᕙü⦄ህࢳᤤ৻ʽ build earthquake safe schools in the worst hit area we will further contribute to a sustainable recovery. Don't wait – donate! 㘨䙺䆂ਬݐ㘨䙺㒣⌢џࡵ䚼䭓˄⨲㒣⌢䚼䭓˅Doris Leuthardཇ Federal Councilor Doris Leuthard, Head of the Federal Department ϔᑈݙѠᑺ䆓䯂ЁDŽDoris LeuthardཇϞ⍋࣫Ҁ䛑ফࠄњ⛁⚜ of Economic Affair (Swiss Minister of Economy), visited China for a second 䖢ˈཌྷህབԩ䖯ϔℹ֗䖯Ё⨲ଚϮǃ䌌ᯧଚϮ⦃๗ㄝᮍ䴶ঠ䖍݇㋏ⱘ time within a year. A grateful audience welcomed her in Shanghai and Beijing থሩথ㸼њ㿔䆎㾖⚍DŽℷ䖯㸠ЁⱘЁ⨲㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮ䇜߸ᰃϔϾᅣ and listened to her remarks and ideas how to further improve the bilateral Chinese–Swiss relations in commerce, trade and business environment. The 㗠ؐᕫЎП༟᭫ⱘⳂᷛDŽ intended free trade agreement between China and Switzerland is a mighty 㘨䙺䆂ਬLeuthardཇ҆ߛⱘফњЁ⨲ଚӮüϞ⍋ⱘ䙔䇋៤ target, but one worth to ¿ght for. Ў៥Ӏⱘ㤷䁝Ӯਬˈཌྷⱘࡴܹফࠄњখࡴ⬅⨲ᘏ乚џ佚ϢЁ⨲ଚ FC Leuthard's kind acceptance of becoming Honorary Member of Swiss- ӮüϞ⍋݅ৠЏࡲⱘज令ӮⱘଚϮሞ乚㹪ⱘ⛁⚜䖢DŽ៥Ӏг㹿䖭⾡㤷䁝 Cham Shanghai was enthusiastically applauded by the numerous business ▔ࢅⴔˈᇚࡴ㟈Ѣᬃᣕ⨲ӕϮЁҹঞ䍞ᴹ䍞ⱘЁӕϮ⨲ leaders attending a luncheon hosted by the Swiss Consulate General and SwissCham Shanghai. We are truly honored and encouraged in our commit- ⱘথሩDŽ ment to support Swiss business in China and increasingly Chinese companies ϔӊџᚙህᰃ⨲䰙㟾ぎ݀ৌ˄LX˅ᘶњϢϞ⍋ⱘⳈ㟾ʽ in Switzerland. 䖭гᰃ⨲㟾ぎϞ佪ᓔ䗮㢣咢ϪϢϞ⍋ⱘ↣᮹Ⳉ亲㟾⧁DŽ咘⌺∳⬨ Swiss International Air Lines (LX) is back! For the ¿rst time in Switzer- В㸠ⱘⳈ㟾ᓔᐩᓣᑚ⼱⌒ᇍϞˈ⨲䰙㟾ぎ݀ৌ㨷џ䭓Rolf P. Jetzerܜ land's aviatic history Zurich and Shanghai are linked with a direct, non-stop ⫳ᕫҹ䖢⨲㘨䙺䆂ਬLeuthardཇҹঞ݊Ҫᴹ㞾Ё⨲ⱘᅬਬˈ and daily Àight. During a festive Inaugural Party at the banks of the Huangpu River LX Chairman Rolf P. Jetzer could welcome Federal Councilor Leuthard Ҫᔎ䇗њЁ⨲Ⳉ㟾䖭⾡ᮄⱘ㘨㋏ᇍѢ⨲ଚϮǃ䌌ᯧᮙ␌ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻˈ៥ and many other Chinese and Swiss dignitaries. He emphasized the impor- ӀгकߚৠᛣҪⱘⳟ⊩DŽ tance of the new link for the Swiss business, trade and tourism. We cannot 佭␃⫳⌏Ꮉњ30ᑈᑊ䖛এಯᑈЁᢙӏЁ⨲ଚӮü佭␃ agree more! ЏᐁⱘHans-Ruedi Kunzܜ⫳އᅮ䖨ಲ⨲DŽҪϡҙᰃϔԡᭀϮ㗠㬐ⱘ After living and working in Hong Kong for 30 years and being President of SwissCham Hong Kong for the last four years, Hans-Ruedi Kunz decided 乚ᇐˈ䖬ᰃϔԡৃ҆ⱘ᳟টˈ៥Ӏ㚃ᅮӮᛇᗉҪDŽ៥Ӏമֵ⨲ӕϮ to move back to Switzerland. We will certainly miss him as a professional and Ёढऎথሩⱘ䖛ЁˈҪҡᇚᰃϔԡ᳝ⱘՓˈ៥Ӏг⼱ᜓҪྏᄤ kind leader as well as a dear friend. We wish him and his wife Ruth all the Ruthϔߛ乎߽DŽ best and are sure that he will remain an effective ambassador for the Swiss 䎱⾏ㄝᕙᏆЙⱘ2008ᑈ࣫Ҁ༹䖤Ӯᓔᐩা᳝ᕜⷁⱘᯊ䯈њˈ៥Ӏ⹂ business in Greater China. Ϫ⬠᠔ᳳᕙⱘ䙷ḋˈབЁҎ㠀ⲯǃটདᑇDŽ៥ڣWe are just a few days away from the long awaited opening of the Olym- ֵ䖭༹䖤Ӯᇚ pic Games 2008 in Beijing. We are sure that these games will be as grand, Ӏᕜ催݈⨲㘨䙺ᘏ㒳Pascal Couchepinᇚখࡴᴀ༹䖤ӮⱘᓔᐩᓣDŽЎ friendly and peaceful as the Chinese and the world are longing for. We are ༹䖤Ӯ㗠ϧ䮼࣫Ҁᨁᓎⱘ⨲ሟᇚϔབ᮶ᕔⱘདᅶˈᅗᖙᇚ៤ЎЁҎ thankful that Swiss President and Federal Councilor Pascal Couchepin will at- ⨲Ҏǃ䖤ࡼਬ㾖ӫѸ⌕ⱘḹṕˈᑊ㒭៥Ӏᏺᴹ䆌䲒ᖬⱘⶀ䯈DŽ tend the of cial opening ceremony. The specially built Swiss House in Beijing ¿ Ё⨲ଚӮü࣫Ҁⱘ乚ᇐϟˈ៥Ӏϧ䮼Ўᑚ⼱࣫Ҁ༹䖤ӮⱘВ with its traditional hospitality will also help to build bridges between Chinese and Swiss, athletes and onlookers and ensure unforgettable moments. ࡲ㗠ߎ⠜њljḹNJⱘ⡍ߞDŽ⼱䌎䖭⡍ߞⱘ៤ࡳʽ Under the leadership of SwissCham Beijing a special edition of the Ꮰᳯ䇏㗙୰䖭ᳳljḹNJᏺ㒭ᆊⱘ㊒ᔽݙᆍˈᅕ䴭㗠䯆䗖ⱘ Bridge Magazine was created to celebrate the Olympic Games in Beijing. 䞠៥Ӏϔ䍋ᑚ⼱༹䖤Ӯʽ Congratulations for this special effort! Enjoy reading this excellent edition of the Bridge, have a restful summer and let's celebrate the Games!
Christian Guertler હ⡍Ф President SwissCham Shanghai Ё⨲ଚӮüϞ⍋Џᐁ
3 Issue 16 Summer Edition 2008 | 2008ᑈ16ᳳᄷߞ
3 Presidents’ Page Regional News By Christian Guertler 95 Beijing Cover Story 99 Shanghai 6 From “Workshop of the World” to Knowledge Producer Hongkong By Nicolas Musy 103 12 The Mission of Swissnex Shanghai By Lan Zuo Gillet ጺጆત Ё⨲ଚӮüϞ⍋Џᐁહ⡍Ф 20 Leadership and Innovation 3 By Joanna Barsh, Marla Capozzi, and Jonathan Davidson ހ௬ࠤ๚ 27 Louis Palmer: “I Want to Inspire People!” “ҢϪ⬠Ꮉॖ”ࠄ“ⶹ䆚⫳ѻ㗙” Interview, Fabian Gull 9 㗙˖Nicolas Musy 29 Market Diffusion ᦣ㒬Ё⨲⾥ᡔ᭛࣪Ѹ⌕ⱘᴹ By Rolf Wüstenhagen 16 㗙˖Ꮊቮ 33 Smart Meters 乚ᇐϢ߯ᮄ By Michael Raber 24 㗙˖Joanna Barsh, Marla CapozziJonathan Davidson 37 Tackling the Energy Challenge Louis Palmer: “៥㽕ਃথҎ㉏ʽ” By Remo Luetolf 28 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ 42 Andreas Widl: “Target Grid Parity by 2010” Interview, Fabian Gull ৃݡ⫳㛑⑤߯ᮄⱘᏖഎᠽᬷ 31 㗙˖Rolf Wüstenhagen 45 China’s Pharma Industry Set to Take Off By Annette Ryser 㸼䅵ᱎ㛑࣪ 35 㗙˖Michael Raber Business and Economic News 39 䴶ᇍ㛑⑤ᣥ 50 'RULV/HXWKDUG ³)HDVLEOHDQG%HQH¿FLDOIRU%RWK6LGHV´ 㗙˖剕䘧 Interview, Fabian Gull Andreas Widl: “2010ᑈᅲ⦄ܝӣথ⬉ᑇӋϞ㔥” 54 Swiss Boss Jetzer: “The Crowning of the Turnaround” 44 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ Interview, Fabian Gull Ёࠊ㥃㸠ϮᡀᏚਃ㟾 Legal Update 48 㗙˖Annette Ryser 57 Science and Technology Industries By Gigi Cheah and Matthieu Bonnici ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Doris Leuthard CEO-Interview 52 㘨䙺䆂ਬ 䇜Ё⨲㓨㒧㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮ 60 Maurice A. Amon: “Facing Counterfeiting Threats” 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ Interview, Fabian Gull 56 Swiss Boss Jetzer: ĀᎼ䕀ᴎࠄᴹā Tax Update 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ China Steps Up in Transfer Pricing 64 ዐࡔฆခ݆ୱኪ๎ Case Study ⾥ᡔѻϮ 59 Gigi Cheah Matthieu Bonnici 68 Kunming Firmenich Aromatics 㗙˖ By David Polansky and Dawina Fahrni DFPጆݡ0ฉ࡛ Maurice A. Amon: “䴶ᇍӾ䗴࿕㚕” Life & Culture 62 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ 72 Chinese Leader Interview ခႎኪ Liu Jian Jun: “This is God’s Art” Ё䕀䅽ᅮӋݡ䖜䖯 Interview, Fabian Gull 66 Lorenz Helbling: “No Longer Exotic” ࿔ࣅิऄጆત ኁݡ༌ڞInterview, Fabian Gull ዐࡔଶ 76 ”߬ᓎݯ: “䖭ᰃϞᏱⱘ㡎ᴃ Chinese Art Market Remains Buoyant 74 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ 78 By Karen Winton ”Lorenz Helbling: “ϡݡ༛ᓖ Roger Pfund: “Every Bank Note is a Piece of Art” 76 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ 81 Interview, Batiste Pilet Ё㡎ᴃકᏖഎֱᣕ⌏䎗ᗕ Asia’s Art Fairs 80 84 By Meg Maggio 㗙˖Karen Winton
Swiss Chinese Cultural Explorations Roger Pfund: “↣ᓴ䪅Ꮥ䛑ᰃϔӊ㡎ᴃક” 88 82 䆓䇜˖ⱑᵒᖋ Chamber News 93 Reconstruction in Sichuan: School & Housing Sponsorship Project Ѯ⌆㡎ᴃሩⱘᴹ 86 㗙˖偀㡱ᅝ 94 SwissCham Members Carry the Olympic Torch By Violette Qin 90 Ё⨲߯ᮄ㡎ᴃ
4 Thank you to our Advertisers and Sponsors! ༬՚ߌႇԨᆶሢዺฆ Administrator: SwissCham Shanghai ዷ࠶ǖዐࡔ๗ฆࣷĊĊฉ࡛ Publisher: SwissCham Shanghai Lauener Inside front cover Ӳǖዐࡔ๗ฆࣷĊĊฉ࡛ Ernst & Young Page 1 Editor in Chief and Managing Editor: Fabian Gull Stanton Chase Page 2 ዷՊǖᮍᖙᅝ Jura Page 6-7 Editors: Batiste Pilet (Beijing) / Linda Yau (Hong Kong) Fracht Page 11 Պडǖⱑᵒᖋ(࣫Ҁ) / Linda Yau (Hong Kong) Swiss International Air Lines Page 19 Editorial Committee: Christian Gürtler / Nicolas Musy / Liv Minder / IQAir Page 32 Fabian Gull / Irene Lo / Batiste Pilet Oerlikon Page 36 ABB Page 41 Պ྿ǖહ⡍Ф / ሐসᢝ·ᨽ㽓 / ᯢᖋБ / ᮍᖙᅝ / Irene Lo / ⱑᵒᖋ Bystronic Page 51 Marketing and Communication: Fabian Gull DHL Page 53 ႜၨഓࣄǖᮍᖙᅝ Syngeta Page 63 English / Chinese Translations: Speed Technology Shanghai Godrand Page 67 ᆈ࿔ᅳǖѸџᖙ䖒㗏䆥݀ৌ Sicpa Page 71 Proof Reading: Cathrene Tarukwashak / Jina Sun Regus Page 83 ၯܔǖCathrene Tarukwashak / ᄭ㒻 Omits Page 85 Printer: Shanghai Sea Bird Printing Co., Ltd. Geberit Page 91 ᆇຘǖϞ⍋⍋右ॄࡵ᳝䰤݀ৌ UBS Page 92 SWISSeau Page 108 Circulation and Advertising Contacts: Lauener Inside Back Cover ǖ Swissinfo Back Coverتႜत࠽ߢஏ݀ Shanghai/ฉ࡛ǖ Address˖Room 1710-1711, No.1388 Shaan Xi North Road, Shanghai ഄഔ˖Ϟ⍋Ꮦ䰩㽓࣫䏃1388ো䫊ᑻӕϮЁᖗ1710-1711ᅸ Post Code/䚂㓪˖200060 Tel/⬉䆱˖+86 21 6149 8207; Fax/Ӵⳳ˖+86 21 6149 8132 E-mail˖[email protected]
Beijing/ԛǖ We thank GO-TRANS(Shanghai)Ltd. and DHL Global Address˖ Suite#100, 38 Liangmaqiao Road, Forwarding for sponsoring the distribution Chaoyang District, Beijing ഄഔ˖࣫ҀᏖᳱ䰇ऎ҂偀ḹ38ো100ᅸ ៥Ӏᛳ䇶催ゴ䋻䖤 Ϟ⍋ ᳝䰤݀ৌЁ䖤ᬺ䈾݀ৌ Post Code/䚂㓪˖100016 䌲ࡽথ㸠ᴀߞ ᅪยऺǖظ / Tel/⬉䆱˖+86 10 6432 2020; Fax/Ӵⳳ˖+86 21 6432 3030 Design & Layout E-mail˖[email protected] L & Associates Graphic Company Limited Ϟ⍋ޠᔶ᭛䆒䅵᳝䰤݀ৌ Guangzhou/࠽ዝǖ Designer / ยऺǖ 1807, 18/F Center Plaza Tower B, 161 Linhexi Rd, Harley Zhang / Candy Tang Tianhe District, Guangzhou ᓴᓎ⊏佼⧎ ഄഔ˖ᑓᎲᏖ⊇ऎᵫ㽓䏃161োЁ⋄䰙ᑓഎBᑻ1807ো E-mail: [email protected] Post Code/䚂㓪˖510620 Tel/⬉䆱˖+8620 3831 0021; Fax/Ӵⳳ˖+8620 3825 1882 NOTICE E-mail˖[email protected] THE BRIDGE is a quarterly publication. Editorial and advertising are Hong Kong/ၑߗ: independent and do not necessarilly reflect the views of the Board, the Address˖19/F, 167-169, Hennessy Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong members or the staff. Any article in the Bridge Magazine is for advertorial
ഄഔ˖佭␃Ҩ䔽ሐ䆫䘧167-169ো19ὐ or information only. It does not reflect the view of the Swiss Chamber of
Tel/⬉䆱˖+852 2524 0590; Fax/Ӵⳳ˖+852 2522 6956 Commerce in China and Hong Kong and Swiss Chamber of Commerce in E-mail˖[email protected] China and Hong Kong will not be liable for it.
5 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ FromĐWorkshop of the Worldđto Knowledge Producer Three decades of structured development
By Nicolas Musy, SwissCham Vice-president and Coordinator in China for EPFL
IMPRESSA J5 Pianowhite
The stylish all-round design and the use of top-quality materials lend the IMPRESSA J5 Pianowhite the elegance of costly porcelain. As a new feature, now not only the height but also the width of the coffee spout can be adjusted to ensure that a perfect crema is formed every time in all cups. The coffee quality, the milk foam, the Energy Save Mode (E.S.M.©), which, when activated, saves up to 40% of high power costs, and the intuitive operation also won the ap- proval of the critical experts of the ‘Stiftung hina's way to approach development has been a bottom- Warentest’ watchdog, who awarded the up, though quite structured strategy, first liberalizing and IMPRESSA J5 the title of ‘best tested fully developing the agriculture sector from the end of the 1970s, automatic coffee machine’ in ‘test’ maga- and then moving on to the industrial and service sectors. zine 12/2007. C By the early 1990s, township enterprises had vastly expanded and developed China's export capability, utilizing the surplus agricultural Shanghai HJ Coffee population for the labor-intensive manufacturing of textiles, house- China hold appliances, toys, bicycles and all types of lower-tech consumer goods. By the www.cn.jura.com end of the 1990s, multinationals were well established, with large-scale facilities to Tel: 021 62940690 produce key technology-intensive consumer goods and infrastructure equipment for the domestic market, such as mobile phones, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, power generation and construction equipment. Yet, while establishing their position in China, most multinationals discovered that "the world's largest market" was still very much a future market. As a result, they took advantage of the state-of-the-art facilities that they had built (which were mostly too large for the local market) to export to the rest of their group and bene¿tfromoflower
6 ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story production costs. This rapidly extended China's export industry to include sophisticated technology products.
Newly-afÀuent local market This development has not only turned China into the world's largest workshop of the 21st century, but it has also estab- lished the foundations for the country to become a knowledge producer. Indeed, experiences in the west in the last decades have shown that product development can be conducted most effectively when it is located close to where mass production occurs. The companies that experimented with stand- alone R&D centers soon realized that geographical proximity to production facilities and the engineers on the shop floors was essential for products to be rapidly developed and manufactured efficiently. As a result, product develop- ment moved to China, following on from product manufacturing. Since the beginning of this century, China's development has naturally moved to provide the services needed by the newly-affluent local market: the 100 to 200 million office employees, professionals and managers that form the new Chinese middle class. In addition to catering, commercial and financial services, this tertiary sector now also includes rapidly-developing educational institutions and R&D centers attached to the large foreign companies. These centers are geared to producing the knowledge that enterprises need to adjust their products to the Chinese market and, increasingly, to develop new Roger Federer, products for China and the Asian region, world’s no. 1 ranked tennis player or emerging markets in general. Tennis champion Roger Federer prefers Ensuring continued development the genuine article. He likes his coffee Today, 200 new foreign R&D centers prepared from whole beans, freshly are established every year in China. They ground, brewed exactly according to his are set up for the same two reasons why taste. Be it espresso, latte macchiato, multinationals originally came to China: cappuccino or ristretto – made easily to make the right product for the market and naturally, with his JURA IMPRESSA. in order to compete with increasingly competitive local companies on the one hand and to bene¿t from a pool of bright young engineers at a fraction of the cost to develop new products for the rest of the world, on the other. In the meantime, China has also been pushing for local enterprises to forge ahead and become part of a new, knowledge-based economy. It has
7 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚
solutions based on the production possibilities that prevail in their own countries. In China, low labor costs and the size of the market allow options that would be economically unbearable in the west. Let us look at recycling, for example. Low labor costs all- ow manual treatment of waste and the recovery, potentially, of a higher proportion of raw materials. The development of technologies for electric motorcycles provides another interesting illustration: while we barely see any such devices in Europe, the potential market for electric bikes is so large in China that domestic companies are developing solutions to recover the energy normally lost during braking to convert it back into elec- tricity to reduce consumption and extend the bike's range. This is a technology routinely applied in western economies to electric locomotive and trolleybuses that has recently been extended to cars (hybrid technology). While these applications have been hatched in the developed world, the energy-saving electric motorcycles will be a Chinese invention. Traditional Chinese medicine, also, is a very large ¿eld, virtually unexplored by wes- tern science, from which Chinese researchers may be able to sought to achieve this by encouraging them to develop their own devise new drugs and treatments. technologies and innovative products. Although this is a natural step up in the value chain, the drive to develop has not only been Increased international cooperation for increased pro¿ts, but also for other reasons; reasons that are China's science and technology development program rooted in pure necessity. calls for, among other things, a very ambitious reform of its The social disparities created by the economic development universities, which should bring a few of them to "first class in inequalities between the exporting coast and the poor inland the world" or "first class in the nation and known in the world" regions can be addressed with development policies and levels. For this purpose, in addition to allocating funds to improve government investment. The vast needs, in terms of energy universities' scientific equipment and facilities, the government and raw materials, of the country's industry, combined with the has taken a number of measures to leverage the research imperative to halt further deterioration of the environment (and capabilities of Chinese scientists. ultimately, to improve it) while maintaining rapid growth is an For example, every year, 6,000 scholarships (covering issue of another dimension and complexity. It is a challenge that living expenses) are granted to the best students that want the country leadership believes will be tackled through locally- to pursue a doctorate degree (or do part of it) abroad. These developed science and innovation to find novel technological students are required to come back and work in China for a solutions to current problems. number of years. The brightest, that will want to go on with their academic careers, will undoubtedly take positions in China's top leaders are engineers China's most renowned universities, naturally establishing Such an approach may appear unusual to foreigners used links with institutions and the industry of the foreign country as they are to living in a mature environment where change is in which they have studied for their PhD degree. Not only will effected through gradual policy shifts. China's leadership has they have contributed to research in their host country, but a characteristic that is often overlooked, but may explain this they will also be in a particularly good position in universities to unusual and bold direction. China's top leaders are engineers. develop partnerships with other researchers and international In fact, considering the members of the Standing Committee of companies to ful¿ll China's growing need for technology. the Politburo, one realizes that 7 out of the 9 members have an The Chinese push for scientific development also calls academic title of Engineer. for increased international cooperation in order to make funds It is also a fact that, to give itself the means to solve its deve- available for the joint development of relevant technologies. lopment issues, the leadership launched the "Medium and Long- The need in the clean energy generation, environmental, Term National Science and Technology Development Program recycling, energy saving and waste disposal sectors, to cite (2006 – 2020)", with the clear aim to use scienti¿c research as a the largest ones, will grow tremendously. This new appetite for tool to generate technical solutions to the range of problems that technologies will create large new markets for the companies China now faces due to its industrialization. that are prepared to adjust their products to the local market or Bearing this in mind, one realizes that, indeed, developing develop new equipment. Technical solutions developed locally home-grown technologies is a necessity: China's problems are in cooperation with newly-energized universities, however, (and always have been) in a class of their own due to the sheer will also grow and generate a new breed of high-tech Chinese size, expanse, diversity and density of its population. Swiss and competitors. China's development challenge will eventually other western environmental technologies will certainly fill a spur the rapid growth of the country's high-tech industry and, in number of China's needs, but they will be far from being able to turn, require that our own western industries become ever more ¿ll all of them. Besides this, westerners develop technological creative and innovative.
8 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story Đኪ๎ิׂኁđڟĐ๘হ߾đٗ
ࠓࣅ݀ቛڦෙๆ
㗙˖Nicolas Musyˈ⨲ଚӮࡃЏᐁݐ⨲⋯ḥ⧚Ꮉᄺ䰶˄EPFL˅Ёഄऎण䇗ਬ
䍄ⱘᰃϔᴵ㞾ϟ㗠Ϟⱘথሩ䘧䏃˄ሑㅵᰃϔ⾡䴲ᐌ ࠄ᳔催ⱘᬜ⥛DŽ䜡ध䍞ⷨথЁᖗⱘӕϮᕜᖿথ⦄ˈഄ⧚ԡ㕂 ᰃѠकϪ㑾ϗकᑈҷᅲ㸠ݰϮ Ϟ䖥⫳ѻ䆒ᮑሖᎹᏜᇍѢѻકⱘᖿ䗳থሩϢ催ᬜ⫳ѻܜ㒧ᵘ࣪ⱘ⬹˅DŽ ⱘ㞾⬅࣪থሩˈ݊ৢ䕀ᎹϮϢ᳡ࡵϮDŽ㟇ѠकϪ㑾 ᳝䞡㽕ᛣНDŽℸˈ㒻ѻક⫳ѻПৢˈ䎼ӕϮгᇚѻકᓔথ⿏ Ёбकᑈҷ߱ˈе䬛ӕϮᏆᕫࠄ㾘ᠽᓴᑊՓЁⱘߎ ܹњЁDŽ ߚ䕀⿏㟇㒎㒛 㞾ᴀϪ㑾߱ᓔྟˈЁⱘথሩ㞾✊䕀Ўᴀഄᮄ݈Ꮦഎᦤկܙষ㛑ᕫࠄњথሩˈৠᯊˈᇚݰഎⱘ࠽ԭࢇࡼ કǃ᮹⫼કǃ⥽ǃ㞾㸠䔺ㄝ⾡Ԣᡔᴃ䞣ⱘࢇࡼᆚ䲚ൟ⍜䌍 ᳡ࡵ˖Ҏ᭄㑺 1 㟇 2 ғⱘࡲ݀ᅸਬᎹǃϧϮҎਬҹঞㅵ⧚Ҏਬᔶ ક⫳ѻЁᴹDŽⳈ㟇ѠकϪ㑾бकᑈҷˈ䎼ӕϮᏆᅠܼ⹂ゟњ ៤њЁᮄϔᡍЁѻ䰊㑻DŽབҞˈ䰸њ令佂ϮǃଚϮϢ䞥㵡᳡ࡵ 㾘⫳ѻ䆒ᮑˈЎЁᏖഎࠊ䗴݇䬂ⱘᡔᴃ ϮˈϝѻϮ䖬ࣙᣀњᖿ䗳থሩⱘᬭ㚆ᴎᵘҹঞൟ䌘ӕϮ׳Ꮦഎഄԡˈ߁݊ ᆚ䲚ൟ⍜䌍ક⸔䆒ᮑ䆒ˈ՟བᴎǃ≑䔺ǃ㥃કǃথ⬉ᴎ 䰘ሲⷨথЁᖗDŽ䆒㕂䖭ѯⷨথЁᖗⱘⳂⱘѢЎӕϮ䇗ᭈѻકҹ ҹঞᓎㄥ䆒ㄝDŽ 䗖ᑨЁᏖഎⱘ䳔∖ᦤկᖙ㽕ⱘⶹ䆚ˈ䞡㽕ⱘᰃЎЁǃѮ⌆ ✊㗠ˈЁᏖഎ⹂ゟ㞾䑿ഄԡⱘৠᯊˈ᭄䎼ӕϮ䛑 З㟇᠔᳝ⱘᮄ݈ᏖഎᓔথᮄѻકDŽ থ⦄ĀϪ⬠᳔ᏖഎāᕜᑺϞҡᰃᴹⱘЏ㽕ᏖഎDŽℸˈ 䖯䆒ᮑ˄㒱᭄㾘䖛 ඓԍჄ݀ቛܜߚ߽⫼㞾䑿Ꮖ㒣ᓎゟ䍋ⱘܙ䎼ӕϮ ˈ䍙䖛њᔧഄᏖഎⱘ䳔㽕˅ˈᴀӕϮܼ⧗݊Ҫߚᬃߎষѻકˈ བҞˈ↣ᑈ䛑᳝ 200 ϾᮄⱘӕⷨথЁᖗЁ䆒ゟDŽ䖭 ᑊҢԢⱘ⫳ѻ៤ᴀЁ㦋߽DŽ䖭ḋϔᴹህЎЁⱘߎষᎹϮࡴ ѯⷨথЁᖗഛᰃߎѢ䎼ӕϮ᳔߱䏣ܹЁⱘϸॳ㗠䆒ゟ њᇪッᡔᴃѻકˈҢ㗠Փ݊ᕫࠄᖿ䗳থሩDŽ ⱘ˖ϔᮍ䴶ˈЎᏖഎ⫳ѻড়䗖ⱘѻકˈҢ㗠Ϣゲѝ᮹Ⲟᔎⱘ ᔧഄӕϮሩᓔゲѝ˗ϔᮍ䴶ˈҹᇥ䞣៤ᴀˈ߽⫼䞣ᆠ᳝ᱎ ׇ ⱘᑈ䕏ᎹᏜЎ݊ᓔথ䗖⫼ѢϪ⬠݊ҪᏖഎⱘᮄѻકˈᑊҢЁ㦋ںԨڦႎ႗ 䖭ϔথሩϡҙՓЁ៤Ў 21 Ϫ㑾Ϫ⬠᳔ⱘᎹॖˈৠᯊг ߽DŽ ЎЁ៤ЎĀⶹ䆚⫳ѻ㗙ā༴ᅮњ⸔DŽ䆮✊ˈ㽓ᮍᆊ䖥क ϢℸৠᯊˈЁ䭓ᳳҹᴹϔⳈᬺ֗ᔧഄӕϮ⿃ᵕথሩˈҢ ᑈᴹⱘ㒣偠䆕ᯢˈᔧѻકᓔথϢ㾘⫳ѻ䆒ᮑⳌ䚏ᯊˈህ㛑䖒 㗠៤Ўᮄൟⶹ䆚㒣⌢ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽЁг᳒䆩䗮䖛哧ࢅᔧഄӕϮ
9 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚
থሩ㞾᳝ᡔᴃ߯ᮄѻકᴹᅲ⦄䖭ϔⳂᷛDŽሑㅵ䖭ᰃӋؐ䫒Ёⱘ ᳝䍷ⱘ՟䆕˖ሑㅵ៥Ӏ⌆ᕜ䲒ⳟ㾕䖭⾡Ѹ䗮Ꮉˈ✊㗠Ё ϔϾ㞾✊Ϟछℹ偸ˈԚথሩⱘࡼϡҙাᰃ߽⍺ⱘࡴˈৠᯊг ˈ䖭⾡⬉ࡼ㞾㸠䔺ैᢹ᳝Ꮌⱘ┰Ꮦഎˈҹ㟇Ѣݙⱘ݀ৌ ᳝ⴔ݊Ҫ㒃㊍ߎѢᖙ㽕ⱘॳDŽ 㒋㒋ⴔᓔথಲᬊ㛑䞣ⱘ㾷އᮍḜˈ䆩ᇚࠍ䔺ᯊᤳ㗫ⱘ㛑䞣䕀 থሩߎষ㒣⌢ⱘ⊓⍋ഄऎϢ䋿ೄⱘݙ䰚ഄऎП䯈ⱘ㒣⌢ ࣪Ў⬉㛑ˈҢ㗠䰡Ԣ㛑㗫ᑊᓊ䭓㞾㸠䔺ⱘ㸠DŽ䖭ᰃϔ⾡㽓ᮍ থሩᰃϡᑇㄝⱘˈ㗠⬅ℸ᠔ᓩ䍋ⱘ⼒Ӯ䋿ᆠᏂ䎱߭ৃ䗮䖛থሩᬓ ᆊᐌ⫼Ѣ⬉⇨ᴎ䔺Ϣ᮴䔼⬉䔺ⱘᡔᴃˈ䖥ᴹ㹿ᑓ㟇≑䔺˄⏋ড় ㄪҹঞᬓᑰᡩ䌘ᴹ㾷އDŽЁᎹϮᇍѢ㛑⑤Ϣॳ᭭ⱘ䞣䳔∖ˈ ࡼ˅ᑨ⫼DŽሑㅵথ䖒ᆊᏆ㒣ᅉ࣪ߎњ䖭⾡ᡔᴃᑨ⫼ˈ✊㗠㡖 ҹঞֱᣕ㒣⌢ᖿ䗳থሩⱘৠᯊ䘣ࠊ⦃๗䖯ϔℹᙊ࣪˄ᑊ᳔㒜ᬍ 㛑ൟ⬉ࡼᨽᠬ䔺ᇚӮᰃϔ乍ЁⱘথᯢDŽӴ㒳ⱘЁएᄺгᰃϔϾ ˅ⱘ䖿ߛ䳔㽕ˈ߭ᰃϡৠሖ䴶ⱘϔϾᴖ䯂乬DŽЁⱘ乚ᇐ 䴲ᐌᑓ⊯ⱘ乚ඳDŽ㽓ᮍ⾥ᄺᴀᇮᇍ݊䖯㸠ᓔথDŽЁⱘⷨお ҎⳌֵˈ䖭ϔᣥৃҹ䗮䖛থሩᴀഄⱘ⾥ᄺϢ߯ᮄˈҹঞᇏᡒᔧ Ҏਬг䆌ৃҹҢЁᓔথߎᮄൟⱘ㥃⠽Ϣ⭫⊩DŽ ࠡ䯂乬ⱘᮄൟᡔᴃൟ㾷އᮍḜᕫҹ㾷އDŽ ࡔाࢇፕڦනᅮൎ ට Ёˈ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃথሩ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ᇍᄺ䖯㸠ߔ䯨᭻ⱘᬍڞዐࡔߛ֫ଶڦวײ߾ 䖭ḋⱘᮍᓣг䆌ҎⳟᴹᰃϡৠᇏᐌⱘˈЎҪӀⱘ⫳ 䴽DŽ䖭ᇚՓ݊Ёⱘϔѯᄺ៤ЎĀϪ⬠乊㑻ᄺᑰāĀѿ䁝䰙 ˈ๗ࡴ៤❳ˈব䴽ৃҹ䗮䖛䗤ℹⱘᬓㄪ䇗ᭈᴹᅲ⦄DŽЁ乚 ⱘݙϔ⌕ᄺᑰāDŽЎℸˈ䰸њᢼℒᬍᄺⱘ⾥ⷨ㺙Ϣ䆒ᮑ⦄⌏ ߚথЁ⾥ᄺᆊⱘ⾥ⷨܙᇐሖ᠔ᢹ᳝ⱘϔ⾡⡍ᕕᕔᕔᆍᯧ㹿ᗑ㾚ˈԚг䆌ৃҹᐂࡽҎӀ㾷 Ёᬓᑰ䖬䞛পњϔ㋏߫ᮑˈҹ֓ 䞞䖭ѯϡৠᇏᐌ㗠㚚ⱘᣛҸDŽЁⱘ᳔催乚ᇐሖᰃᎹᏜߎ 㛑DŽ՟བˈ↣ᑈ᳝ 6000 乍༪ᄺ䞥˄ࣙ⫳⌏䌍˅㹿ᥜќ᳔Ӭ 䑿DŽџᅲϞˈⳟϔⳟЁ༂ᬓ⊏ሔᐌࡵྨਬӮⱘ៤ਬˈԴህӮথ⦄ ⾔ⱘᄺ⫳ˈ䌘ࡽҪӀࠡᕔᬏ䇏मᄺԡ˄ᅠ៤䚼ߚᄺдݙ 䆹ྨਬӮⱘ 9 ৡ៤ਬЁコ᳝ 7 ৡᢹ᳝ᎹᏜⱘᄺᴃ༈㸨DŽ ᆍ˅DŽ䖭ѯᄺ⫳ᄺ៤ৢᖙ乏䖨ಲЁᎹ᭄ᑈDŽ݊Ё᳔㘾ᯢⱘᄺ ᅲ䰙ϞˈЎњᦤߎ㾷އ㞾䑿থሩ䯂乬ⱘ㾷އᮍḜˈЁ ⫳བᵰᏠᳯ㒻㓁㞾Ꮕⱘᄺᴃ⫳⎃ˈ߭↿᮴⭥䯂ᇚЁ᳔䋳ⲯৡ 乚ᇐҎ䖬ਃࡼњϔ乍ৡЎĀᆊЁ䭓ᳳ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃথሩ㾘ߦ ⱘᄺЁӏᬭˈᐂࡽ᠔ᄺ᷵Ϣ݊ᬏ䇏मᄺԡⱘᄺᓎゟ䍋㞾 ߎ䋵⤂ˈৠᯊخāⱘ乍Ⳃˈᮼ߽⫼⾥ᄺⷨおˈЎЁᔧࠡᎹ ✊ⱘ㘨㋏DŽҪӀϡҙᇚⷨお乚ඳЎ㞾Ꮕⱘ⼪˅2020 ̚ 2006˄ ᮍḜDŽ гᇚᄺݙϢ݊ҪⷨおҎਬঞ䰙ӕϮᓔሩড়ˈЎ⒵䎇ЁއϮ࣪䘧䏃Ϟ᠔䴶Јⱘ⾡䯂乬ᓔথߎᡔᴃ㾷 ߎ⡍߿䞡㽕ⱘ䋵⤂DŽخ∖䆄ԣњ䖭ϔ⚍ˈԴህӮᛣ䆚ࠄˈথሩ㞾᳝ᡔᴃ⹂ᅲᰃ䴲ᐌᖙ ᮹Ⲟ䭓ⱘᡔᴃ䳔 㽕ⱘDŽ䡈ѢҎষ㾘ǃ㣗ೈǃḋᗻҹঞᆚᑺˈЁⱘ䯂乬ᰃ˄Ϩ Ёࡼ⾥ᄺথሩџϮⱘ䖛Ё䖬䳔ᓔሩᆚߛⱘ䰙ড় ϔⳈҹᴹ䛑ᰃ˅㞾៤ϔ⌒ⱘDŽ⨲ঞ݊Ҫ㽓ᮍᆊⱘ⦃๗ᡔᴃ㒉 ˈҢ㗠ЎⳌ݇ᡔᴃⱘ݅ৠথሩᦤկৃ⫼䌘䞥DŽ⏙⋕㛑⑤⫳ѻǃ ⦃✊㛑⒵䎇Ёⱘ䆌䳔㽕ˈ✊㗠㽕⒵䎇᠔᳝ⱘ䳔㽕ै䖬䖰䖰ϡ ⦃ֱǃ䌘⑤ᕾ⦃߽⫼ǃ㡖㛑ҹঞᑳᓗ⠽໘⧚乚ඳⱘ䳔∖ᇚӮߎ DŽ䰸ℸПˈ㽓ᮍᆊᰃҹ݊㞾䑿ⱘ⫳ѻ㛑Ўձᴹᓔথᡔ Ꮌ䭓DŽ䖭ѯ䖬ҙҙᰃϔ䚼ߚ᳔さߎⱘ՟ᄤDŽᇍѢ䙷ѯᏆᇚѻ ᴃ㾷އᮍḜⱘDŽ㗠ЁˈԢᒝⱘࢇࡼ៤ᴀϢᎼⱘᏖഎ㾘 ક䇗ᭈ㟇⒵䎇Ꮦഎ䳔∖ᓔথᮄ䆒ⱘӕϮ㗠㿔ˈ䖭㙵ܼᮄⱘᡔ ߭ܕ䆌䞛⫼ᕜᇍѢ㽓ᮍᆊ㗠㿔㒣⌢Ϟϡৃ㸠ⱘᮍḜDŽ ᴃ䳔∖ᇚЎ݊ᓔ䕳ܼᮄⱘᏖഎDŽ✊㗠ˈϢᮄ݈ᄺড়ᓔথⱘᴀ ህҹᕾ⦃߽⫼Ў՟ˈᴹⳟϔⳟЁⱘᚙމ৻DŽԢᒝⱘࢇࡼ ഄᡔᴃ㾷އᮍḜгᇚᕫࠄ䖙䗳থሩˈৠᯊᅉ࣪ߎϔᡍЁⱘ催⾥ 䆌ᑳᓗ⠽໘⧚ЁՓ⫼ҎᎹ໘⧚ˈҢ㗠ᅲ⦄˄┰ⱘ˅ ᡔゲѝ㗙DŽЁⱘথሩᣥ᳔㒜ᖙᇚࠎ▔ݙ催⾥ᡔѻϮⱘᖿ䗳ܕ៤ᴀ ߎ䖯ϔℹࡾDŽخ催ⱘॳ᭭ಲ⫼↨՟DŽ⬉ࡼᨽᠬ䔺ᡔᴃⱘথሩЎ៥ӀᦤկњϔϾ থሩˈᑊড䖛ᴹ㽕∖㽓ᮍᎹϮ߯䗴Ϣ߯ᮄ乚ඳ
10 11 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ The Mission of Swissnex Shanghai
Shaping the future of Sino-Swiss cooperation in science, technology and culture
By Lan Zuo Gillet, Deputy Director of Swissnex Shanghai, Consul for scienti¿c matters at Consulate General of Switzerland
witzerland boasts one of the highest numbers of Nobel in close cooperation with the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. laureates per capita in the world and is recognised as the The SER currently handles five “knowledge” outposts - Swissnex JOREDOVWDQGDUGRIVFLHQWL¿FTXDOLW\IRUWKHRYHUDOOLPSDFWRI Boston (2000), Swissnex San Francisco (2003), Swissnex Singa- SWKHVFLHQWL¿FDUWLFOHVSURGXFHGLQLWVXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGIRUWKH pore (2004) and Swissnex Shanghai (2007) with Swissnex Banga- excellence of its research facilities. However, although Switzerland lore set to open in 2008/09. is widely acknowledged in China as a nation that provides high qual- 6ZLVVQH[KDVWKUHHSULPDU\JRDOV 7RIRVWHUVFLHQWL¿FFRRSHUD- ity services and produces innovative products, its world-class scien- tion between Switzerland and host countries in areas of common tists, research facilities and educational system – the backbone of LQWHUHVW WREUDQG6ZLW]HUODQGDVDJOREDOVFLHQWL¿FSRZHUKRXVH DQG 6ZLVVVFLHQWL¿FFXOWXUHDUHOHVVZHOONQRZQWRWKH&KLQHVHSHRSOH to establish a network of brilliant Chinese and Swiss scientists for After two years of planning and incubation, Swissnex has begun bottom-up initiatives of cooperation in the future. full operations in China at a time when many Swiss companies are Swissnex is a key component of the strategic policy set by the sinking strong roots into Chinese soil. Swiss Federal Council for the promotion of education, research and innovation. In addition to Europe the United States, India, China, Who we are Russia and South Africa are priority countries for bilateral coopera- Swissnex is a network of science and technology outposts run WLRQZLWK6ZLW]HUODQGJLYHQWKHLUSURYHQSRWHQWLDOIRUVFLHQWL¿FDQG by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research (SER) technological development. Brazil, Chile, Japan and South Korea
12 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story
will get special attention as well. Why we are in China and why Shanghai China has a large pool of well-educated workers. With 2000 Various visits universities and four to five million fresh graduates, the country Early in 2006, the former Director of the Swiss National Science seems to have an inexhaustible supply of top talents who are poten- Foundation, Dr. Hans-Peter Hertig, was appointed by former State tial partners for Swiss scientists. China’s R&D investment is expand- Secretary Charles Kleiber to be the project leader in setting up a ing at a rate that offers unprecedented new possibilities within a Swissnex outpost in China. Mr. Hertig worked closely with the Swiss rapidly diversifying portfolio. In 2006, spending on research in China Embassy and with the Consulate General in Shanghai, conducted reached 1.4% of GDP, up from 0.7% in 1998. As a result, the pro- a series of studies of the Chinese education and research systems, ductivity of R&D activities has also risen rapidly. The number of new and laid the cornerstone of a network of Chinese scientists and key patents and patent applications has multiplied by nearly 600% in the SHRSOHLQFKDUJHRIHGXFDWLRQDQGVFLHQWL¿FUHVHDUFK%\WKHWLPH past 10 years. of its soft opening at the end of 2007, Swissnex was already an ope- In a recent survey, Swiss universities were asked to comment UDWLQJXQLWORFDWHGLQDEUDQGQHZRI¿FHRIRULJLQDOPRGHUQGHVLJQ RQWKHLUIXWXUHSULRULWLHVLQWKH¿HOGRILQWHUQDWLRQDOUHODWLRQV&KLQD next to the Consulate General of Switzerland in Shanghai. was clearly the number one choice of the newly-christened Swiss In the six months that followed, Swissnex organized visits of universities of applied science. Considering the fact that 90% of all Swiss professors to major Chinese universities and received Swiss research done in China is applied research, the potential for fruitful delegations representing various interest groups, including the Asso- and rewarding cooperation between Swiss universities and Chinese ciation of Swiss Science Journalists. Swissnex also initiated creative counterparts is considerable. projects to promote the exchange of ideas and experience to help Swissnex was established in Shanghai because of the city’s foster bilateral cooperation. Other major projects are in develop- exceptional dynamism and abundant resources. Shanghai is recog- ment. QLVHGZRUOGZLGHDVWKHFHQWUHRIFRPPHUFHDQG¿QDQFHLQ&KLQD This year, four new members will be joining the staff of Swiss- It has been called the global city of the future and the centrepiece nex Shanghai: of the world's fastest-growing economy. Shanghai has become a • Our new director Mrs. Flavia Schlegel nexus for artists, scientists, businessmen and politicians - a melting • A deputy director covering Swiss universities who will be respon- pot of new styles and a fusion of cultures. sible for the Sino-Swiss bilateral cooperation programme Shanghai’s municipal government strongly supports R&D ac- • A representative of the Commission for Technology and Innovation tivities by offering grants to universities and to research institutes (CTI) who will cover universities with applied science and profes- in addition to those provided by other national funding agencies. sional education departments From 2001 to 2006, the total amount of grants for encouraging basic •A new event and PR manager research increased 300%, according to data from the Science and Also being temporarily added to the team is a consultant from Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality. Switzerland who will conduct a feasibility study for a Swiss interdis- Shanghai and its environs are the home to four out of the top ciplinary centre to be established at a well-known Chinese university ten universities in China, attracting top talents from all over the coun- in Shanghai. try. The city also hosts a large community of returnees that have
13 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚
LQWKH¿HOGRIFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJDQGDUFKLWHFWXUH7KHH[KLELWLRQZDV an assemblage of the exceptionally creative graduate work of Swiss students from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Laus- anne, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ), and the University of Lugano, providing visitors with a view of the ODQGVFDSHRIFRQWHPSRUDU\6ZLVVHGXFDWLRQLQWKH¿HOGVRIFLYLOHQ- gineering and architecture. “Play Time: Art Meets Technology” was conceived and orga- nized by Swissnex Shanghai as part of the 2008 Shanghai Science and Art Exposition held by the Shanghai Science and Technology Association. Researchers and professors from the Computer Sci- ence Department of ETHZ created various devices that provided visitors a fun experience of advanced technology and edgy art from Switzerland. In the coming months leading up to 2010, Swissnex will orga- nize a series of “Swiss Science Days” on subjects closely linked to the main theme of the Shanghai World Expo 2010 - “Better city better life” - including urbanism, sustainable development, environ- ment, modern transportation systems, clean energy, and sociologi- FDODQGSV\FKRORJLFDOFRQVWUDLQWVLQUDSLGO\JURZLQJFLWLHV7KH¿UVW workshop of the series will take place in October of this year with the participation of Swiss and Chinese scientists.
RESEARCH INTELLIGENCE. Gaining and providing research intel- ligence on trends and on the current focus and strengths of Chinese universities is another important component of the Swissnex mis- graduated from some of the world’s leading universities abroad and sion with an aim to affording a clearer picture of the Chinese system who bring new research ideas, styles and methods, thereby further of education and research. IDFLOLWDWLQJVFLHQWL¿FDQGFXOWXUDOH[FKDQJH An information database composed mainly of public information on Chinese universities and research institutes is being built to fa- What we do cilitate access to basic data such as Masters and Ph.D. programme NETWORKING. Networking is the key to connecting with elite local RSSRUWXQLWLHVNH\ODERUDWRULHVQDWLRQDOUDQNLQJLQSDUWLFXODU¿HOGV JURXSV,WLVDOVRWKHPRVWHI¿FLHQWZD\WRJDLQDFFHVVWRWKHORFDO etc. science and business communities, as well as to decision makers. An intelligence network called “Swissnex Scouts”, that will pro- Getting connected means staying humble but alert, maintaining vide more in-depth knowledge of research trends in China is being great interest in the activities of others and endeavouring to under- developed. A group of top-level Chinese experts in areas of high stand their culture, their way of thinking and their motivation. This LQWHUHVWWR6ZLW]HUODQGZLOOEHLGHQWL¿HGDQGLQYLWHGWREHFRPHWKH requires a generous heart and a willingness to devote time to meet- PDLQFRQWULEXWRUVRIVFLHQWL¿FLQSXWLQWKHLUDUHDVRIH[SHUWLVH7KH\ ing and getting to know others and to building friendships. Swissnex will also help us to identify the best talents and to conduct reference also calls on the alumni of Swiss universities in China and on other checks of Chinese scientists and institutions that wish to become well educated communities that are affiliated with various Swiss partners of Swiss counterparts in bilateral cooperation. organizations. Whether Chinese citizens or foreign residents, they understand both the Swiss and Chinese cultures and they feel a SURIRXQGDI¿QLW\WRZDUGV6ZLW]HUODQG7KH\DUHZDONLQJWHVWLPRQLDOV The Sino-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation to the Swiss education and research systems and they can open Programme (SSSTC) The SSSTC programme was established in 2003 following doors into other communities and networks that are crucial to the the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the SER IXO¿OPHQWRIWKH6ZLVVQH[PLVVLRQ and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). The programme is one of the main China initiatives launched by the EVENTS AND WORKSHOPS. Events and workshops are effec- State Secretary of Education and is led by ETHZ together with the tive tools to highlight the reputation of Switzerland as a promoter of University of Zurich. The SSSTC programme encourages long-term VFLHQWL¿FNQRZOHGJHDQGLQQRYDWLRQ7KHWKHPHVDQGIRFXVDUHXVX- partnerships and provides additional opportunities for funding of col- ally in the areas of cutting-edge technology and innovation, or in the laboration between Swiss and Chinese research institutions. Swiss- interdisciplinary sciences, combining natural and social disciplines. nex Shanghai serves as the project coordinator in China, helping to Swissnex events and workshops target high-level scientists and work out solutions with various Chinese ministries and authorities to professionals, potential students and occasionally are open to the implement programmes in China. general public. Following the successful completion of its pilot phase (2004-2007), In April 2007, the “Inventioneering Architecture” exhibition was the aim of the current phase of the programme (2008-2011) is to held by Swissnex at the Shanghai Urban Planning museum in part- further encourage bilateral cooperation based on the principle nership with Tong Ji University, the number one Chinese university of reciprocity. It also aims to further strengthen relationships with
14 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story other Chinese authorities in education and research, such as the ADVISORY ON POSTGRADUATE STUDY. In addition to its main Ministry of Education and the Chinese Academy of Science, and to activities, promotions and projects, Swissnex Shanghai will advise work closely with national funding agencies such as MOST and the on postgraduate study in Switzerland. Swissnex will provide infor- National Natural Science Foundation. In the current phase of the mation regarding Swiss universities to Chinese students or scholars programme, four areas of priority and common interest have been ready to go to Switzerland for advanced study or research, will help LGHQWL¿HGIRUWKHFRQGXFWRIMRLQWUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQDO recruit Chinese students, will organize summer courses or comple- partnerships: Life Science, Material Science, Environmental Protec- mentary programmes in China so that Swiss students may become tion and Medicine. better acquainted with Chinese culture and business practices. In the SSSTC programme, Swissnex is actively contributing to clarifying the structure of the organization of various Chinese au- Opportunities and Challenges thorities that are in charge of education and research, national prior- During this extraordinary time in history when China is attract- ity programmes, main funding sources and respective application LQJWKHDWWHQWLRQRIWKHZRUOGLQWHUPVRILWVHFRQRPLFVFLHQWL¿FDQG procedures and deadlines. Swissnex also acts as a facilitator in the social development, Swissnex is receiving support from the Swiss establishment of bilateral projects, matching scientists and institu- government, from universities and certainly from the private sector. tions on both sides. More and more Swiss scientists are expressing their eagerness to collaborate with Chinese counterparts and to come to China to ex- What we offer now and for the future SHULHQFH¿UVWKDQGWKHUDSLGSDFHRIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWDQG INTERNSHIP AND SHORT-TERM PROJECT. Swissnex Shanghai WRUHDSWKHEHQH¿WRI&KLQD¶VKXJHUHVHUYHRIKDUGZRUNLQJWDOHQWHG employs Swiss experts on a permanent basis, as do it’s predeces- students. sors in the US and in Singapore. But Swissnex also offers working The concept of Swissnex is quite original and has been met space to Swiss scholars spending short periods in China. In its ef- with great interest on the Chinese side. It also demonstrates the fort to build a bridge to China in the fields of science, technology long-term commitment of the Swiss government to contributing to and culture, Swissnex offers a number of opportunities for Swiss Sino-Swiss bilateral exchange, and to bridging the cultural distance students and faculty to participate in short-term internships or to between the two communities of scientists and students. conduct projects mandated by Swissnex. The internships will be Inspired by its ambitious goals, Swissnex will encounter and available in areas of common interest and priority to Swissnex overcome challenges as it moves forward. In the vastness of China Shanghai as well as to the universities/individuals. The term of pro- there already exist organizations whose purpose it is to promote MHFWPDQGDWHVZLOOEHGH¿QHGE\6ZLVVQH[LQUHVSRQVHWRLWVFXUUHQW technology and cultural exchange. It is an environment within which and strategic needs. A typical example of an internship/mandate competition for top talent is intensifying. In such an atmosphere would be to conduct a feasibility study for further collaboration with a charged with creativity and adventure Swissnex, too, must remain particular Chinese partner (i.e., to evaluate opportunities and risks, creative and adventurous in order to raise its visibility and to become alternatives, costs, legal structure, etc). known within the community of Chinese scientists. The calling of It is also foreseeable in the mid to long term, that Swissnex will Swissnex Shanghai is not only to optimize its limited resources while help to create internship opportunities at companies here in China working within its organizational limitations to achieve its goals but for Swiss students willing to come for short periods of China im- to venture beyond Shanghai in order to connect with the top quality mersion. Swissnex will explore its network of R&D centres at Swiss universities and research institutes in the great hinterland of China companies and identify those willing to provide internships. Once an as well. agreement has been reached between a company and Swissnex, In a speech at the Global Engineering Excellence Conference, interested parties will be invited to submit applications directly to that MIT President Charles Vest was quoted as saying, “The global company. engineer must be technically adept, broadly knowledgeable, innova- tive and entrepreneurial, commercially savvy, multilingual, culturally BRANDING AND ACTIVE COMMUNICATION. Swissnex will also aware, able to understand world markets, professionally flexible offer advisory services on branding and active communication to and mobile”. As the representative of Swiss universities in China, Swiss universities. Using its knowledge of the local environment and Swissnex will employ all the means at its disposal to contribute to its network of service providers Swissnex will advise mandating uni- the development of the rapidly-expanding new community of global versities and institutes on the organisation of promotional tours and engineers, scientists, lawyers and economists. participation in educational fairs in China, it will prepare marketing materials in the local language and will place feature articles in local VFLHQWL¿FPDJD]LQHVDQGQHZVSDSHUVHWF Of¿cial opening R&D, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION. Official opening of Swissnex Shanghai will take place on With the arrival of a representative of CTI to join its staff, R&D, tech- August 7,2008, at the presence of the President of Switzerland, nology transfer and professional education will soon become one of Federal Councilor Pascal Couchepin and the State Secretary the key activities of Swissnex Shanghai. Swissnex will leverage the for Education and Research Mauro Dell’Ambrogio. Various Swiss tradition of innovation and the expertise of Swiss SMEs and Chinese ministries in charge of education and research, universities of applied science, along with its excellent reputation leaders of key universities and research institutes, as well as IRUSURIHVVLRQDOHGXFDWLRQDQGLWVKLJKO\TXDOL¿HGZRUNIRUFHWRPRUH local Swiss business communities will also join the party. broadly promote Switzerland’s education and research systems.
15 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ ࿄ઠڦ௮ࣼዐर࿔ࣅୁ
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㗙˖Ꮊቮ, Swissnex ShanghaiࡃЏӏ, ⨲Ϟ⍋ᘏ乚佚⾥ᡔ乚џ
ᰃᣝҎষ↨՟㦋䇎䋱ᇨ༪Ҏ᳔᭄催ⱘᆊПϔˈҹ݊ ৡऩDŽ Ӭ⾔ⱘ߯ᮄ㛑催ᑺⱘ⾥ⷨ∈ޚѿ䁝Ϫ⬠DŽ⨲ᄺ Swissnex ᳝ϝϾⳂᷛDŽЏ㽕Ⳃᷛᰃথᥬ⨲ϢⳌ݇ᆊ䯈 থ㸼ⱘᄺᴃ䆎᭛ⱘᕅડᑺҹঞ݊⾥ⷨ䆒ᮑ䛑ϔⳈԡሙϪ ⾥ⷨ乚ඳⱘড়┰ˈᦤछ⨲⾥ⷨ乚ඳПܜ䖯ᆊⱘᔶ䈵DŽ ⨲⬠ࠡ߫DŽ ৠᯊᓎゟ䍋ϔϾЁ⨲ᄺ㗙䯈䭓ᳳ⠶ⱘড়㔥㒰ˈЎҞৢ⬅ϟ㟇 ЁˈЎҎ❳ⶹⱘᰃ⨲ⱘ催䋼䞣᳡ࡵ㉏߯ᮄൟ Ϟᔶ៤ⱘ乍ড়䅵ߦ༴ᅮ⸔DŽ ѻકDŽᅗⱘЏ㽕⾥ᄺᅲˉϪ⬠ϔ⌕ⱘ⾥ⷨҎਬˈ⾥ⷨঞᬭ㚆ԧ ㋏ ˉैᑊϡЎᕜЁҎ᠔њ㾷DŽ Swissnex Shanghai ӏˈࠡྨ⫳ܜ 䆌䗝ᢽЁ߯Ϯⱘ⨲ӕϮϔḋˈSwissnex Shang- ⬅⨲ࠡᬭ㚆ⷨおࡵ⾬к Charles Kleiberڣ hai, ⨲㘨䙺ᬓᑰ偏ढ⾥ᄺЁᖗ - ⨲㘨䙺ᬭ㚆ࡵ⾬к໘Ё ⨲ᆊ⾥ⷨ䞥ӮЏӏԩ⍋ᖋमѢ 2006 ᑈ߱ᴹࠄϞ⍋߯ᓎ 䆒ゟⱘߚᬃᴎᵘˈ㒣ग़њϸᑈⱘㅍߦᎹৢˈ⦄ᇚܼ䴶ਃࡼDŽ Swissnex ShanghaiDŽԩ⍋ᖋमϢ⨲偏ढՓ佚ঞ偏≾乚џ 佚ֱᣕ㋻ᆚ㘨㋏ⱘৠᯊˈᇍЁᬭ㚆ঞ⾥ⷨԧ㋏┰ᖗⷨおˈᑊᵘ ்ຣǛ ᓎњЁᬭ㚆⾥ⷨЏ㽕㘨㒰Ҏ㔥㒰ⱘḚᶊDŽ Swissnex ᰃ⬅⨲ݙᬓ䚼ᬭ㚆ⷨおࡵ⾬к໘⨲Ѹ 2007 ᑩˈSwissnex Shanghai ᇍ݀Ꮧ䖯ܹ䖤㧹⢊ᗕDŽ䗝 䚼݅ৠ߯ᓎⱘDŽ݊䆒ゟⳂⱘѢܙߚᓔথ⨲ϢⳌ݇ᆊ催ㄝ ഔѢ⨲偏Ϟ⍋ᘏ乚џ佚ᮕ䖍ˈϔϾ᳝ⴔ⦄ҷ䆒䅵ⱘܼᮄࡲ݀ᅸDŽ ᬭ㚆ǃ⾥ⷨ᭛࣪ㄝ乚ඳⱘড়Ѹ⌕DŽ 䖛এⱘ6 Ͼ᳜䯈ˈSwissnex Shanghai 䙔䇋њ⨲ϧ ⨲ᬭ㚆ⷨお⾬к໘ⳂࠡϪ⬠ഄ䆒᳝ѨϾྞྍᴎᵘ˖ ᆊখ㾖䆓䯂њད᠔Ё催᷵ˈ ᕙњ⨲䆄㗙㘨ড়Ӯ៤ਬDŽ ⊶乓˄2000 ᑈᓎゟ˅ˈᮻ䞥ቅ˄2004 ᑈᓎゟ˅ˈᮄࡴവ˄2004 Swissnex Shanghai 䖬៤ࡳ㒘㒛њϔ㋏߫߯ᛣ⾥ᡔ⌏ࡼˈЁ ᑈᓎゟ˅ˈϞ⍋˄2007 ᑈᓎゟ˅⧁ࡴ㔫ᇨ˄ㅍЁ˅DŽ ⾥ᄺ⬠ᔎѸ⌕ҹ֗䖯ঠ䖍ড়DŽ݊Ҫϔѯ乍Ⳃℷ䜱䝓ЁDŽ ˈSwissnex ᰃ⬅⨲㘨䙺ྨਬӮࠊᅮⱘ݇Ѣ֗䖯ᬭ㚆ǃ⾥ⷨ 㞾Ҟᑈ䍋ˈ4 ৡᮄ៤ਬᏆ㒣 / ेᇚࡴܹ Swissnex Shanghai ߯ᮄ乚ඳ䞠ড়Ѹ⌕ⱘ⬹ᬓㄪ䞠䞡㽕ⱘϔ⦃DŽࣙᣀ⌆ݙˈ ݊Ёࣙᣀ থሩঠ • Swissnex Shanghai ⱘᮄӏЏӏ Flavia Schlegel ཇܜ㕢ǃॄᑺǃЁǃ֘㔫ᮃҹঞफ䴲䛑ᰃ㹿⨲ܹ߫Ӭ 䖍⾥ⷨড়ⱘᆊDŽᏈ㽓ǃᱎ߽ǃ᮹ᴀ䶽ϡЙгᇚ䖯ܹӬܜ • 䋳䋷⨲ᄺҹঞЁ⨲⾥ⷨড়乍ⳂⱘࡃЏӏ
16 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story
SwissnexϞ⍋ಶ䯳
• 䋳䋷ᑨ⫼⾥ᄺᄺঞ㘠Ϯᬭ㚆Ꮉⱘ⨲⾥ᡔ߯ᮄྨਬӮ ৠᯊгᛣੇⴔ䳔㽕᳝⛁ᚙˈᜓᛣ㢅ᯊ䯈এњ㾷߿Ҏˈᓎゟ݇㋏DŽ 偏≾ҷ㸼 Swissnex Shanghai ሑϢ⨲ᄺ↩ϮⱘЁ᷵ট݊Ҫϔ ˈঞ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ ѯ᳒⨲催ㄝᬭ㚆ᴎᵘᄺдⱘ㕸ԧֱᣕ㘨㒰DŽ䖭ѯҎ㕸Ё݇݀ • 䰸ℸПˈ䖬᳝ϔԡ䆶ϧਬ䋳䋷ϔ乍ⷁᳳ乍Ⳃˈ 䅼⨲ ᮴䆎ᰃЁ䖬ᰃᴹ㞾݊Ҫᆊⱘ݀⇥ˈҪӀ䛑њ㾷⨲Ё᭛ Ϟ⍋ϔ᠔ⶹৡᄺݙ៤ゟ⨲ⷨおЁᖗⱘৃ㸠ᗻDŽ ࣪ˈᑊϨᇍ⨲᳝ⴔ⡍⅞ⱘᛳᚙDŽҪӀᰃ⧚᠔ᔧ✊ⱘ⨲ᬭ㚆 ⾥ⷨ㋏㒳ⱘখ✻㗙DŽҪӀгᰃ Swissnex Shanghai Ϣ݊Ҫᴎᵘ㘨 ዐࡔǛྺࢆฉ࡛Ǜ 㒰ˈѸ⌕ⱘৃ䴴ⱘ䞣DŽ䖭ᇍ Swissnex Shanghai ሹ㸠݊Փੑᰃڟ்ྺࢆઠ Ёᢹ᳝ 2000 ᠔ᄺˈ4-5 ⱒϛᄺ⫳ˈফ䖛㡃དᬭ㚆 㟇݇䞡㽕ⱘDŽ ⱘࢇࡼ䌘⑤ᑲˈᇍ⨲⾥ⷨҎਬᴹ䇈ˈ䖭᮴⭥ᰃϔϾ㛑ᦤկ ࢅჺ༪ࣷ 䖭ᰃϔ⾡᳝ᬜⱘ↉ᴹㅔҟ⨲ⱘ⾥ᡔⶹ䆚ۯϔ⌕Ҏᠡ┰ড়ӭԈⱘ᮴ሑⱘ䌘⑤ᅱᑧDŽ ਉႜऄ Ё↣ᑈⱘⷨথᡩܹ䛑ҹҎⱘ䗳ᑺ䭓DŽ2006 ᑈЁⱘ ߯ᮄDŽЏ乬䞡⚍䗮ᐌᰃҹᇪッᡔᴃ߯ᮄЎЏˈ㓐ড়㞾✊ ⷨথᬃߎҢ 1998 ᑈऴݙ⫳ѻᘏؐⱘ 0.7% Ϟछࠄ 1.4% DŽℸˈ ⾥ᄺϢ⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺⱘ䎼ᄺ⾥乚ඳDŽⳂᷛ㕸ԧᰃ催ሖⱘ⾥ᄺᆊϧ ⷨথ⌏ࡼг䖙䗳ⱘࡴDŽϧ߽⬇䇋ϧ߽ⱘᡍޚⱘ᭄䞣 10 ᑈ ϮҎਬⱘˈ᳝┰㛑ⱘᄺ⫳DŽ 㗙гৃ㛑ᰃϔ㠀ⱘҎ㕸ԧDŽ ݙᏆ㒣ࡴњ 600%DŽ 2007 ᑈ 4 ᳜ˈ Swissnex Shanghai 㘨ϢᔧҞೳᎹ ᳔䖥ⱘϔ乍䇗ᶹᰒ⼎ˈ⨲ᄺ㹿䯂ঞҪӀҞৢ䰙݇ ᓎㄥᄺ⾥Ёᥦৡϔⱘৠ⌢ᄺϞ⍋ජᏖ㾘ߦ佚Вࡲњϔ ㋏乚ඳ䞠ড়݇㋏ⱘӬܜᑣ˖ᕜᰒ✊ˈϔЎЁDŽЁᓩ Ā⨲߯ᮄᓎㄥሩ㾜āDŽℸሩ㾜㓐ড়њ⨲⋯ḥ㘨䙺⧚Ꮉᄺˈ њ⨲ᑨ⫼⾥ᄺᄺⱘⴐ⧗ˈџᅲϞˈ90% Ё䖯㸠ⱘⷨお 㢣咢Ϫ㘨䙺⧚Ꮉᄺҹঞशࡴ䇎ᄺᄺ⫳ⱘ↩Ϯકˈሩ⼎њ⨲ ᰃᑨ⫼ⷨおˈᑨℸˈϢЁ⾥ⷨ㗙ⱘড়ˈপ䭓㸹ⷁˈᰃᖙ ᬭ㚆乚ඳさߎⱘϔ䴶DŽ 㸠ⱘDŽ Ā⥽Фᯊ䯈 : 㡎ᴃϢ⾥ᡔⱘᅠ㕢㒧ড়ā ᰃ⬅ Swissnex Ϟ⍋ˈᰃϔᑻ᳝ⴔ⡍⅞儙䌘⑤ⱘජᏖˈ䖭гℷᰃ Shanghai খϢ㒘㒛ⱘϔϾൟ⌏ࡼDŽþ⥽њᯊ䯈ÿϞ⍋⾥ᄺ Swissnex Shanghai 䗝ഔѢℸⱘॳDŽϞ⍋㹿݀䅸ЎЁ᳔䞡㽕 ᡔᴃणӮВࡲⱘþ2008 Ϟ⍋⾥ᡔ㡎ᴃሩÿϞሩߎDŽ㢣咢Ϫ㘨䙺 ⱘଚϮ䞥㵡Ёᖗˈᑊ䁝Ўܼ⧗ᗻҹঞ㒣⌢থሩ᳔ᖿ䗳ⱘᆊDŽ ⧚Ꮉᄺ䅵ㅫᴎ㋏ⱘⷨおਬᬭᥜӀ䗮䖛⾡⬉ᄤѻકҹঞϢখ ᴹ㞾ᮍⱘ㡎ᴃᆊˈ⾥ᄺᆊˈଚҎᬓ⊏ᆊ⌢⌢ϔූˈሩ䑿ˈ 㾖㗙Ѧࡼⱘᮍᓣሩ⼎њ⨲ܜ䖯ⱘ⾥ᄺᡔᴃˈৠᯊгՓখ㾖㗙ԧ ㉏ᮄ݈ᄺ⌒᭛࣪㵡ড়ѢϔԧDŽ 偠ࠄ催⾥ᡔᏺᴹⱘ㡎ᴃѿফ᮴かⱘФ䍷DŽ 䰸њᆊ⾥ⷨ䞥Ӯ㒭Ϣᄺⷨおᴎᵘϔᅮⱘ䌘ࡽҹˈ ҞৢϾ᳜ˈⳈࠄ2010 ᑈˈSwissnex Shanghai ᇚҹ Ϟ⍋Ꮦᬓᑰг㒭ϢњⱘᬃᣕᐂࡽDŽϞ⍋Ꮦ⾥ᄺᡔᴃྨ 2010 ᑈϞ⍋ϪमӮЏ乬ĀජᏖ䅽⫳⌏㕢དāЎЏᮟᕟˈВࡲ ਬӮ᭄ᰒ⼎ˈ㞾 2001 ᑈࠄ 2006 ᑈˈ哧ࢅ⸔ⷨおⱘᢼℒ乱 ϔ㋏߫Ϣᄺ⾥㋻ᆚ㘨㋏ⱘĀ⨲⾥ᄺ᮹āˈབජᏖ࣪ˈৃᣕ㓁থሩˈ Ꮖࡴњ 300% DŽ ⦃๗ˈ⦄ҷѸ䗮䖤䕧㋏㒳ˈ⏙⋕㛑⑤ˈᑨᇍජᏖ䖙䗳থሩⱘ⼒Ӯ Ёࠡ 10 ᔎ催ㄝᄺᑰˈ݊Ё 4 ᠔ߚ߿ഄ໘Ϟ⍋ঞ਼݊䖍ഄऎˈ ᖗ⧚ㄝDŽҞᑈ 10 ᳜ᇚᓔྟВ㸠䖭ϔ㋏߫ⱘⷨ䅼Ӯˈ⨲Ё ᓩᴹ㞾ܼഄⱘҎᠡDŽг᳝Ңⶹৡᄺᑰᄺ៤ᔦᴹⱘᄺ㗙 ⱘ⾥ⷨҎਬᇚӮ݅ৠখϢDŽ ᑊᏺᴹܼᮄⱘⷨおᗱ䏃ˈᮍᓣᮍ⊩ˈҹ䖯ϔℹ֗䖯⾥ᄺঞ᭛࣪ ⱘѸ⌕DŽ ჺీ ⾥ⷨᱎ㛑ᣛⱘᰃᦤկ᳝݇ЁᄺⳂࠡⱘᄺᴃࡼᗕ 䞡⚍ᔎ乍ⱘֵᙃDŽ䖭гᰃ Swissnex Shanghai ϔ乍䞡㽕ⱘӏࡵDŽ ்ፔၵ๊ Ң䖭ϸᮍ䴶ⱘߛܹˈᮼՓ⨲⾥ⷨҎਬ⏙᱄ഄњ㾷Ёⱘᬭ Swissnex Shanghai ᇚ䗮䖛ϔ㋏߫ᮑҹ䖒ࠄ݊᮶ᅮⱘⳂᷛDŽ 㚆⾥ⷨԧ㋏ˈњ㾷᳝݇⾥ᄺ乚ඳⱘ᳔ᮄথሩDŽ Swissnex ℷᓎ䆒ЁⱘϔϾ᭄ᑧˈЏ㽕ᦤկЁᄺ ॺ૬ටஞ ⼒ѸᰃϢᴀഄ㊒㣅㕸ԧ㦋ᕫ㘨㒰ⱘ᳔Џ㽕ᮍᓣˈ䖭Ѻ ⾥ⷨᴎᵘⱘ᭄݀݅ˈབⷨお⫳म⫳䇒ᦤկˈ䞡⚍ᅲ偠ᅸˈ ᰃ᳔᳝ᬜⱘৠ⾥ⷨˈଚࡵҹঞᴎᵘⱘއㄪ㗙Ӏপᕫ㘨㋏ⱘᮍ⊩DŽ 催ㄝᄺᑰᣝᄺ⾥ᥦৡㄝㄝDŽ ˈ㵡ܹЁ⼒Ӯᛣੇⴔ䳔㽕䇺㰮♉ᬣˈᇍᇍᮍⱘ⌏ࡼᣕ᳝ᵕⱘ ϔϾᰃҹĀ swissnex Scoutsāੑৡⱘ䌘⑤ֵᙃ䞛䲚乍Ⳃ ˈ䍷ᑊ䆒⊩њ㾷ҪӀⱘ᭛࣪ˈҪӀⱘᗱ㓈ᮍᓣҪӀⱘॳࡼDŽ Ў᭄ֵᙃᑧⱘᓊԌDŽSwissnex ᇚ䗮䖛ϔ㒘䌘⏅Ёϧᆊ݈
17 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚
ᑓ䅵ߦˈࣙᣀㄪߦᎵಲሩˈࠊЁ᭛ᅷӴ䌘᭭ҹঞϧϮⱘˈᴀ ഄⱘၦԧϞথ㸼ҟ㒡ᗻ᭛ゴㄝㄝDŽ
ዺኰᄽঞᇣ! ⨲⾥ᡔ߯ᮄྨਬӮгᇚ⌒ҷޤٝरຍჺ݀ገඟLj 㸼ࡴܹSwissnex Shanghaiˈࡼⷨথǃᡔᴃ䕀䅽㘠Ϯᬭ㚆DŽ䖭 ⨲ࡽ׳ޚгᇚ៤ЎSwissnex Shanghai Џ㽕ⱘᎹПϔDŽ៥Ӏ ⱘ߯ᮄӴ㒳ǃЁᇣӕϮᑨ⫼⾥ᡔ㉏ᄺⱘϧϮᅲҹঞ⨲ 㘠Ϯᬭ㚆ᮍ䴶ⱘ㡃དໄ䁝催䋼䞣ҎᎹˈⱘ㣗ೈݙ䖯ϔ ℹᅷӴ⨲ⱘᬭ㚆ঞⷨおԧ㋏DŽ
Ս૧ມՉბኁ࣑!䰸њҹϞⱘЏ㽕ᑓ⌏ࡼঞ䅵ߦˈSwissnex ShanghaiгᇚЎ᳝ᛣࠡᕔ⨲㒻㓁⸩ǃमǃमৢⷨ䇏ⱘᄺ⫳ ᦤկ䆶᳡ࡵDŽ݊ЁࣙᣀЁᄺ㗙ᦤկ⨲ᄺⳌֵ݇ᙃǃᐂ ࡽ⨲ᄺ䗝ᢨӬ⾔Ёᄺ⫳˗㒘㒛ᄷׂⷨ⧁䅽⨲ᄺ⫳ ⱘњ㾷Ё᭛࣪ঞଚϮ⦃๗DŽ
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18 19 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ Leadership and Innovation McKinsey research reveals a wide gap between aspirations of executives to innovate and their ability to execute. “Change programs” are not the solution.
By Joanna Barsh (New York), Marla Capozzi (Boston) and Jonathan Davidson (London) of McKinsey
ike short skirts, innovation has traditionally swung into companies to accelerate the pace of change in today's global and out of fashion: popular in good times and tossed business environment. Leading strategic thinkers are moving back into the closet in downturns. But as globalization beyond a focus on traditional product and service categories to Ltears down the geographic boundaries and market bar- pioneer innovations in business processes, distribution, value riers that once kept businesses from achieving their potential, chains, business models, and even the functions of manage- a company's ability to innovate - to tap the fresh value-creating ment (see "Innovative management: A conversation with Gary ideas of its employees and those of its partners, customers, Hamel and Lowell Bryan"). suppliers, and other parties beyond its own boundaries - is any- thing but faddish. In fact, innovation has become a core driver No best-practice solutions of growth, performance, and valuation. Our research also shows that most executives are gener- Our research bears out this point. More than 70 percent ally disappointed in their ability to stimulate innovation: some 65 of the senior executives in a survey we recently conducted percent of the senior executives we surveyed were only "some- say that innovation will be at least one of the top three drivers what," "a little," or "not at all" con¿dent about the decisions they of growth for their companies in the next three to five years. make in this area. What explains the gap between the leaders' Other executives see innovation as the most important way for aspirations and execution? Even starting to build an organiza-
20 ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story
tion in which innovation plays a central role is often far more to emerge and Àourish. Finally, they can take explicit steps to frustrating than most executives ever imagine it to be. Many of foster an innovation culture based on trust among employees. those who mimic the approaches of the most successful practi- In such a culture, people understand that their ideas are valued, tioners have found that path to be ineffective. Sustaining inno- trust that it is safe to express those ideas, and oversee risk col- vation to create real value at scaleüthe only kind of innovation lectively, together with their managers. Such an environment that has a signi¿cant ¿nancial impactüis even harder. can be more effective than monetary incentives in sustaining There are no best-practice solutions to seed and cultivate innovation. innovation. The structures and processes that many leaders re- This list of steps is not exhaustive. Still, given the limited Àexively use to encourage it are important, we ¿nd, but not suf- time and means - as well as the short-term performance pres- ¿cient. On the contrary, senior executives almost unanimously - sures that executives constantly face - pursuing innovation with 94 percent - say that people and corporate culture are the most anything other than existing talent and resources often isn't an important drivers of innovation. option. These three fundamentals are a practical starting point Our experience convinces us that a disciplined focus on to improve an organization's chances of stimulating and sus- three people-management fundamentals may produce the taining innovation where it matters most - among a company's building blocks of an innovative organization. A ¿rst step is to people. formally integrate innovation into the strategic-management agenda of senior leaders to an extent that few companies have Leading innovation done so far. In this way, innovation can be not only encouraged While senior executives cite innovation as an important but also managed, tracked, and measured as a core element driver of growth, few of them explicitly lead and manage it. in a company's growth aspirations. Second, executives can About one-third say that they manage innovation on an ad hoc make better use of existing (and often untapped) talent for in- basis when necessary. Another third manage innovation as part novation, without implementing disruptive change programs, by of the senior-leadership team's agenda. How can something creating the conditions that allow dynamic innovation networks be a top priority if it isn't an integrated part of a company's core processes and of the leadership's strategic agenda and - above Exhibit 1: The role of leadership mind-sets in networks all - behavior? Network maps, disguised example According to 19 percent of the senior executives, neither of similar units in different geographies growth nor innovation is part of the strategic-planning process,
High-performing unit Low-performing unit which focuses solely on budgeting and forecasting. Just under Individual in network; size of circle represents individual’s degree of connectivity—the larger the circle half indicated that innovation is integrated into the process in- the more connected the individual; the more central the circle in the formally. Only 27 percent said that innovation is fully integrated map, the more connected the individual. into it. But these executives feel more con¿dent about their de- Collaborative individual cisions on innovation and say that they have implemented ways Uncollaborative individual to protect it and to ensure that it gets the right talent. Indicates tie or connection between individuals in network; arrow indicates direction of interaction. • A number of leaders are central; • 1 leader is central, has Paying lip service to innovation most have collaborative mind-sets uncollaborative mind-set • Team structure is decentralized; • Team structure is extremely In a separate survey of 600 global business executives, network is rich in interactions centralized, with fewer interactions managers, and professionals, the respondents pointed to lead-
21 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚
Exhibit 2: Designing an innovation network Designing an innovation network 6HWERXQGDULHVDQGHQJDJH 1 Connect 噝 'H¿QHUROHRIQHWZRUNLQPHHWLQJ 噝)LQGSRFNHWVRISHRSOHZLWKULJKWPLQGVHWVIRU RUJDQL]DWLRQ¶VVWUDWHJLFJRDOV innovation 噝 (VWDEOLVKQHWZRUNJRDOVDQGREMHFWLYHV 噝&RPELQHSHRSOHZLWKGLIIHUHQWDSSURDFKHV DVZHOODVWDUJHWVIRUVXFFHVV WRLQQRYDWLRQ LHLGHDJHQHUDWRUVUHVHDUFKHUV 噝 'H¿QHFOHDUH[SHFWDWLRQV H[SHUWVSURGXFHUV 噝 (VWDEOLVKWLPHIUDPHDQGWLPH 噝(QVXUHDPL[RISHRSOHZLWKGLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRI Set FRPPLWPHQWUHTXLUHG VHQLRULW\DQGVNLOOVDVZHOODVSHUIRUPDQFH Connect ERXQGDULHV 噝 3ODQKRZWRHVWDEOLVKWUXVWDPRQJ 噝'H¿QHDVQHWZRUNRULQFOXGHVXE and engage QHWZRUNPHPEHUVDQGHQJDJH QHWZRUNVGHYRWHGWRVSHFL¿F WKHPTXLFNO\ WDVNVREMHFWLYHV Dynamic and ÀH[LEOH 4 Manage and track 噝'H¿QHKRZPHPEHUVZLOOEH 6XSSRUWDQGJRYHUQ UHFRJQL]HGIRUFRQWULEXWLRQV Manage and 6XSSRUWDQG 噝'H¿QHQHWZRUN¶VVSRQVRUVKLSDQG track 噝(VWDEOLVKSHUIRUPDQFHPDQDJHPHQWFULWHULD govern OHDGHUVKLS EDVHGRQERWKLQGLYLGXDODQGJURXSVXFFHVVHV 噝'HWHUPLQHWHFKQRORJ\VXSSRUWUHTXLUHG 噝(VWDEOLVKWUDFNLQJFULWHULD IRUQHWZRUNPHPEHUV 噝'H¿QHWLPLQJIRUDVVHVVPHQWUHYLHZDQG 噝'HWHUPLQHUROHRIIDFHWRIDFHPHHWLQJV PRGL¿FDWLRQRIQHWZRUNDQGGHWHUPLQHZKRZLOO 噝'H¿QHDGGLWLRQDOVXSSRUWDVQHFHVVDU\ KDYHWKHVHUHVSRQVLELOLWLHV HJIDFLOLWDWRUVDGPLQLVWUDWLYHKHOS 噝'HFLGHKRZQHZPHPEHUVHQWHUQHWZRUNDQG 噝'H¿QHNH\NQRZOHGJHDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ FXUUHQWPHPEHUVOHDYH LQSXWV ERWKLQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDO ership as the best predictor of innovation performance. Those who described their own organization as more innovative than other companies in its industry rated its leadership capabilities as "strong" or "very strong." Conversely, those who believed that the ability of their own organization to innovate was below average rated its leadership capabilities as signi¿cantly lower and, in some cases, as poor. As with any top-down initiative, the way leaders behave sends strong signals to employees. Innovation is inherently as- sociated with change and takes attention and resources away potential revenues from new ideas in order to ensure that they from efforts to achieve short-term performance goals. More would be substantial enough to affect its performance. Leaders than initiatives for any other purpose, innovation may therefore can also set metrics to change ingrained behavior, such as the require leaders to encourage employees in order to win over "not invented here" syndrome, by requiring 25 percent of all their hearts and minds. Our sample of 600 managers and pro- ideas to come from external sources. fessionals indicated that the top two motivators of behavior to Senior executives say that the top three ways they spend promote innovation are strong leaders who encourage and pro- time making decisions about innovation involve determining tect it and top executives who spend their time actively manag- what types or strategies to focus on, who gets to work on the ing and driving it. resulting projects, and how to commercialize the fruits. Few Indeed, senior executives believe that paying lip service to spend time on targets, metrics, and budgets for innovation. That innovation but doing nothing about it is the most common way is telling, since executives whose companies do have such tar- they inhibit it. The failure of executives to model innovation- gets and metrics feel the greatest con¿dence in their decisions. encouraging behavior, such as risk taking and openness to new ideas, places second. Rewarding nothing but short-term perfor- Designing innovation networks mance and maintaining a fear of failure also make it to the top Chances are your organization has some people who are of the respondents' list of inhibitors. passionate about innovation and others who feel uncomfortable about any topic related to change. Recent academic research Practical advice: How to manage innovation finds that differences in individual creativity and intelligence Our research implies that most senior executives do not matter far less for innovation than connections and networks - actively encourage and model innovative behavior. If they did, for example, networked employees can realize their innovations they could give employees the support needed to innovate. and make them catch on more quickly. They can also take a number of other practical steps to adva- Since new ideas seem to spur more new ideas, networks nce innovation. generate a cycle of innovation. Furthermore, effective networks 1. Define the kind of innovation that drives growth and allow people with different kinds of knowledge and ways of helps meet strategic objectives. tackling problems to cross-fertilize ideas. By focusing on get- 2. Add innovation to the formal agenda at regular leader- ting the most from innovation networks, leaders can therefore ship meetings. We observe this approach among leading inno- capture more value from existing resources, without launching vators. It sends an important signal to employees about the a large-scale change-management program. value management attaches to innovation. Social-network analysis can help executives to diagnose 3. Set performance metrics and targets for innovation. existing networks in order to ascertain their characteristics, Leaders should think about two types of metrics: the ¿nancial such as the frequency of collaboration and the degree of cross- (such as the percentage of total revenue from new products) functional interactions among members, and to identify people and the behavioral. What metrics, for example, would have the who broker information and knowledge. This kind of information greatest effect on how people work? One company required can also serve an essential role in the creation of effective in- that 20 percent of its revenue come from products launched novation networks by clarifying the mind-sets of individuals and within the past three years. Another established targets for groups.
22 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story
Exhibit 3: What inhibits innovation • Producers orchestrate the activities of the network. Oth- % of respondents ers come to them for new ideas or to get things done. Producers are also the most likely members of the network to be making C-Level leaders connections across teams and groups. This kind of staffing is Professionals
Do not have enough of the right 40 82% more C-level executives than professionals clearly an inexact science. A team or network in need of more people for the types of innovation 22 selected this response. ideas might get additional idea generators to ¿ll the gap. If the Have the right people, and 27 leaders protect innovation 25 challenge is commercializing the right ideas, management might
People not allocated 18 opt to add producers and experts. In our survey of professionals, to innovation 17 respondents who regarded their companies as more innovative Have the right people, but 12 150% more professionals than C-level culture inhibits progress 30 executives selected this response. than competitors in the same industry were also more likely to work for companies that had larger numbers of producers.
Cultures of trust Network Maps Senior executives say that making top talent available for In one company, for example, we found three groups with projects to meet innovation goals is their single biggest chal- distinct perspectives on innovation. One believed that the com- lenge in this area. Some 40 percent of them also believe that pany was innovative, but the other two, with 57 percent of its they do not have enough of the right kinds of talent for the in- employees, thought that it wasn't - indeed, that it was actually novation projects they pursue. A different view emerges from bureaucratic, slow moving, inef¿cient, and stressful. A separate- below, however. Employees are more likely to believe that their ly developed network map highlighted the company's hierarchi- organizations have the right talent but that the corporate culture cal structure but also showed that cross-functional departments inhibits them from innovating (Exhibit 3). were well connected. There is also widespread agreement about the cultural at- When we combined the analysis of personal perspectives tributes that inhibit innovation: a bureaucratic, hierarchical, and on innovation with the network map, we found opportunities for fearful environment. Such cultures often starve innovation of improvement. Paradoxically, the analysis revealed that those resources and use incentives intended to promote short-term employees, largely middle managers, with the most negative at- performance and an intolerance of failure. Only 28 percent of titude toward innovation were also the most highly sought after the senior executives in the survey said that they are more likely for advice about it. In effect, they served as bottlenecks to the to focus on the risks of innovation than on the opportunities, but Àow of new ideas and the open sharing of knowledge. only 38 percent said that they actively learn from innovation fail- Making networks more decentralized is another way to ures and encourage the organization to do so as well. Even more improve collaboration and performance (Exhibit 1). Consider alarmingly, only 23 percent of the employees believe that their the case of two geographically separate units that undertake organizations encourage them to learn from failure. To make a the same activities. A larger leadership group with an open and corporate culture friendlier to innovation, managers must acquire positive mind-set is a distinguishing feature of the higher-per- new skills to engage and lead the staff. Many fall under the head- forming unit. Its information network is also more decentralized, ing of leadership skills, such as coaching (as opposed to order- with a larger number of connections. Hierarchy is still evident in ing) subordinates and facilitating collaboration across silos. the higher-performing unit, but its information and knowledge network is more distributed, and more of the members partici- Change programs have limited impact pate actively. The lower-performing unit has just one leader, Corporate-wide change programs not only are daunting who controls most of the interactions and has a negative mind- and time consuming but also often have only a limited impact. set about openness and collaboration, and there are far fewer Our experience helping companies to change and become connections. The network design is more centralized. more innovative suggests that they can make progress without The four critical steps in designing, implementing, and such programs. We have described a number of leadership managing an innovation network are presented in Exhibit 2. In role-modeling and formal organizational mechanisms to pro- addition, executives can ¿ne-tune the network's goals by identi- mote innovation. When top management reinforces them with fying the appropriate mix and balance of employees. Innovation commitment and energy to build capabilities for speci¿c tasks, networks, like cross-functional teams, require different skills the combination can yield impressive results. Top teams can and attitudes. In our experience, they include combinations of help build a more innovative culture in several ways: several archetypes: 1. Embrace innovation as a top team. • Idea generators prefer to come up with ideas, believe that 2. Turn selected managers into innovation leaders. The asking the right questions is more important than having the goal: making networks more productive. right answers, and are willing to take risks on high-pro¿le ex- 3. Create opportunities for managed experimentation and periments. quick success. Not surprisingly, this approach is typically the • Researchers mine data to ¿nd patterns, which they use as best way to start any change effort in large organizations. a source of new ideas. They are the most likely members of the Innovation is a big idea with a big potential. But it is wise to network to seek consumer insights and to regard such insights approach it in small steps, implementing just one or a few of the as a primary input. ideas we propose and building from there. For many compa- • Experts value proficiency in a single domain and relish nies, the initial steps on this value-creating journey are the most opportunities to get things done. critical of all.
23 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ ႎظ૰ᇑڞଶ ڦԑᇑഄኴႜీ૰ኮक़ٷᇺڦႎظܔဍۙჺত๖କߛ࠶ ଆݛăڦਐăĐ߀Վݛӄđփਦ࿚༶ֶٷ
㗙˖Joanna Barsh (呺㚃䫵㒑㑺), Marla M. Capozzi˄呺㚃䫵⊶乓˅ Jonathan Davidson˄呺㚃䫵Ӻᬺ˅
ԚᰃԐˈ⫣خⱘDŽᕜ催ㅵӓ᳔៤ࡳⱘ߯ᮄᅲ䏉㗙ⱘڣⷁ㺭ϔḋˈ߯ᮄгᰃ᳝ᯊ㸠݊䘧ˈ᳝ᯊ咬咬᮴䯏˖ ᠔ᛇ ᅿDŽ䱣ⴔ ТᬜᵰϡདDŽֱᣕ߯ᮄ༈ˈ߯䗴㾘ⱘⳳᅲӋؐⱘᣕ㓁߯ދ㒣⌢᱃⇨ᯊ㹿᤻Ϟˈ㒣⌢㹄䗔ᯊ㹿ᠧܹ ܼ⧗࣪ᠧ⸈њ᳒㒣䰏݀ৌᅲ⦄ܼ䚼┰ⱘഄඳ⬠䰤 ᮄüüଃϔ㛑߯䗴䞡䋶ࡵᕅડⱘ߯ᮄüüህ䲒DŽ ᮍ⊩DŽ៥އࡽ݀ৌਬᎹǃড়ӭ ᇍѢ᪁ᩦ㚆߯ᮄ⾡ᄤˈᑊ≵᳔᳝Շᅲ䏉ⱘ㾷׳Ꮦഎ䱰ˈ݀ৌⱘ߯ᮄ㛑üü དⱘ㒧ᵘ⌕㱑✊䞡㽕ˈԚ䖬ϡDŽϔأԈǃᅶ᠋ǃկᑨଚ݊Ҫᮍⱘ߯ᮄؐᗱ㓈üü៤Ўৡ㟇ᅲᔦ Ӏথ⦄ˈᕜ乚ᇐ ⱘᯊᇮ䆱乬DŽᅲ䰙Ϟˈ߯ᮄᏆ㒣៤ЎϮࡵ䭓ǃϮ㒽ᦤ催Ԅؐ ᮍ䴶ˈТ᠔᳝ⱘ催ㅵüü94%üü䛑䅸ЎਬᎹ݀ৌ᭛࣪ᰃ߯ ᦤछⱘḌᖗࡼ㋴DŽ ᮄ᳔䞡㽕ⱘࡼ㋴DŽ ៥Ӏⱘⷨお㒧ᵰ䆕ᯢњ䖭Ͼ㾖⚍DŽ៥Ӏ᳔䖥䖯㸠ⱘϔ乍䇗 ៥Ӏⱘ㒣偠䆕ᯢˈϡវഄ䞡㾚ਬᎹㅵ⧚ⱘϝᴀ㋴ᇚЎ 㽕ℷᓣᇚ߯ᮄᎹ㒇ܹ催ㅵሖⱘˈܜᶹЁˈ70% ҹϞⱘ催ㅵ㸼⼎ˈᴹ 3~5 ᑈݙˈ߯ᮄᇚ㟇ᇥᰃ ߯ᮄൟ㒘㒛༴ᅮ⸔DŽ佪 DŽ䗮䖛䖭Ͼᮍᓣˈ߯ᮄϡخৌ䭓ⱘϝࡼ㋴ПϔDŽ݊Ҫ催ㅵᇚ߯ᮄ㾚ЎᔧҞܼ⧗ ⬹ㅵ⧚䆂ЁˈԚᰃᕜᇥ᳝݀ৌ䖭ḋ݀ ⱘ⬹ᗱᛇᆊϡ ҙᕫࠄᦤˈ㗠Ϩ䖬ফࠄㅵ⧚ǃⲥⴷ䆘Ԅˈ៤Ў݀ৌ䭓ᜓ᱃ܜଚϮ⦃๗Ёˈ݀ৌࡴ䗳থሩⱘ᳔䞡㽕↉DŽ乚 ҙ݇⊼Ӵ㒳ⱘѻક᳡ࡵ㉏ˈ㗠Ϩᓔྟ䞡㾚ଚϮ⌕ǃߚ䫔ǃ ⱘḌᖗ㋴DŽ݊ˈ催ㅵᑨ䆹དഄ߽⫼⦄᳝˄㒣ᐌᰃ㹿ᗑ㾚˅ ˈখ㾕Ā߯ᮄൟ ⱘҎᠡᓔሩ߯ᮄᎹˈ㽕߯䗴⦃๗ˈ䅽ࡼᗕⱘ߯ᮄ㔥㒰⫳ḍথ㢑˄⫣خӋؐ䫒ǃϮࡵᓣˈ⫮㟇ㅵ⧚㘠㛑Ϟⱘ߯ᮄ ㅵ⧚üüϢࡴ䞠•જ咬ᇨ⋯࿕ᇨ•Ꮧ㦅ᘽⱘᇍ䆱ā˅DŽ 㗠ϡ㽕ᅲᮑ⸈ണᗻᔎⱘব䴽乍ⳂDŽ᳔ৢˈҪӀᑨ䆹䞛পᯢ⹂ ҹਬᎹֵӏЎ⸔ⱘ߯ᮄ⦃๗DŽ䖭ḋⱘ᭛࣪ЁˈਬᎹݏᮑˈ ਦݛ݆ ⶹ䘧㞾Ꮕⱘ߯ᛣᰃᕫࠄ䞡㾚ⱘˈਬᎹгⳌֵ㸼䖒߯ᛣᰃ㹿哧ࢅⱘڦுᆶፌॅํ७ ៥Ӏⱘⷨおᰒ⼎ˈ᭄催ㅵᇍ㞾䑿֗䖯߯ᮄⱘ㛑᱂䘡ᛳ 㸠Ўˈᑊ㛑ϢҪӀⱘ㒣⧚Ӏ݅ৠㅵ⧚亢䰽DŽ䖭ḋⱘ⦃๗㽕↨⠽䋼 ᅮ ▔ࢅ㛑䅽߯ᮄᣕ㓁থሩDŽއⱘخࠄ༅ᳯ˖খࡴ䇗ᶹⱘ催ㅵЁ㑺 65% ᇍ߯ᮄ乚ඳ᠔ 㸼⼎Āᇥ᳝ѯāǃĀᕜᇥāĀᅠܼ≵᳝āֵᖗDŽ݀ৌ乚ᇐⱘ䖰 ৃҹ䞛পⱘᮑᕜDŽԚᰃ⬅Ѣᯊ䯈↉᳝䰤ˈࡴϞ催ㅵ ᢅ䋳ϢҪӀᠻ㸠П䯈ⱘᏂ䎱䇈ᯢњҔМਸ਼˛ेՓ߯ᮄᏆ㒣থ 㒣ᐌ䴶ЈⷁᳳϮ㒽ⱘय़ˈᓔሩ߯ᮄᯊϡ߽⫼⦄᳝䌘⑤Ҏᠡᰃ DŽ䖭ϝϾᴀᮑᰃᕜᅲ䰙ⱘⴔ⚍ˈᇸ᳔݊䞡⫣خ䞡㽕⫼ⱘ݀ৌݙ䖯㸠߯ᮄˈ᠔㒣ग़ⱘᡬ㽕䖰↨᭄催ㅵ ϡৃপⱘ
24 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story
ˈ⫣㽕ⱘ⦃㡖üüҎᠡüüϞⴔˈᦤ催݀ৌ֗䖯㓈ᣕ߯ᮄᎹⱘ 㒭ќਬᎹ߯ᮄ᠔䳔ⱘᬃᣕDŽҪӀ䖬ৃҹ䞛পϔѯ݊Ҫᅲ⫼ⱘᮍ ៤ࡳᴎӮDŽ ֗䖯߯ᮄᎹⱘᓔሩDŽ 1. ᅮН㛑ࡼ䭓ᐂࡽᅠ៤⬹Ⳃᷛⱘ߯ᮄᎹDŽ ⱘ߯ᮄܜႎ 2. ᇚ߯ᮄ㒇ܹᅮᳳ乚ᇐӮ䆂ⱘ䆂ЁDŽ៥Ӏ乚ظڞଶ DŽ䖭ਬᎹӴ䖒њ߯ᮄᎹӋؐㅵ⧚ⱘ⫣خ⾡㱑✊ᕜ催ㅵষ༈㸼⼎߯ᮄᰃ䞡㽕ⱘ䭓㋴ˈԚҪӀᕜᇥ ൟ݀ৌЁ㾖ᆳࠄ䖭 ᯢ⹂乚ᇐㅵ⧚߯ᮄᎹDŽ㑺 1/3 ⱘ催ㅵ㸼⼎ˈҪӀা᳝䳔 䞡㽕ֵᙃDŽ 㽕ᯊᠡϡᅮᳳഄㅵ⧚߯ᮄᎹDŽ 1/3 ⱘ催ㅵᇚ߯ᮄᎹЎ 3. 䆒㕂߯ᮄⱘϮ㒽ᣛᷛⳂᷛDŽ݀ৌ乚ᇐᑨ䆹ᗱ㗗ϸ⾡㉏ ㅵ⧚ሖ䆂ⱘϔ䚼ߚࡴҹㅵ⧚DŽབᵰϔ乍ᎹϡሲѢ݀ৌḌᖗ⌕ ൟⱘᣛᷛ˖䋶ࡵᣛᷛ˄՟བˈᮄѻકᬊܹऴᘏᬊܹⱘⱒߚ↨˅ ˈϡሲѢ乚ᇐⱘ⬹䆂ˈϡ㛑៤Ў乚ᇐ㸠Ўⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᅗᗢ 㸠ЎᣛᷛDŽ՟བˈાϾᣛᷛӮᇍਬᎹⱘᎹᮍᓣ䗴៤᳔ᕅડ˛ Мৃ㛑៤Ў݀ৌⱘ佪㽕ӏࡵ˛ ᶤϾ݀ৌ㽕∖䖛এϝᑈݙߎⱘᮄѻક᠔ᏺᴹⱘᬊܹᇚऴࠄᘏᬊ ḍ 19ˁফ䆓催ㅵⱘড作ˈ䭓߯ᮄ䛑ϡሲѢ݀ৌⱘ ܹⱘ 20%DŽϔᆊ݀ৌЎᴹ㞾ᮄ߯ᛣⱘ┰ᬊܹࠊᅮⳂᷛˈ⹂ ⬹㾘ߦ⌕ˈ⬹㾘ߦ⌕া݇ᖗ乘ㅫ乘⌟ᎹDŽҙ᳝ 27% ֱᕅડ䎇ˈ䎇ҹᕅડϮ㒽㸼⦄DŽ݀ৌ乚ᇐ䖬䆒㕂ᣛᷛˈᬍব ⱘফ䆓催ㅵ㸼⼎߯ᮄᏆ㒣ᅠܼ㒇ܹ݀ৌ⬹DŽϡ䖛ˈ䖭䚼ߚ催ㅵ ਬᎹḍ⏅㩖ⱘ㸠Ўˈ՟བˈᬍব݀ৌ㽕∖ 25% ⱘ⚍ᄤᴹ㞾 ᅮ䕗ֵ᳝ᖗˈ㸼⼎ҪӀᏆ㒣ᅲᮑᮑˈֱᡸ߯ᮄ 䚼⏴䘧ˈĀϡ㽕㞾Ꮕ䚼䮼䖯㸠߯ᮄāⱘ⮙ᗕDŽއⱘ߯ᮄخᇍ᠔ ᅮއㄪⱘϝϾЏ㽕ᮍ⊩ᰃ㢅ᯊ䯈އ៤ᵰˈ⹂ֱ᳝ড়䗖Ҏᠡᴹㅵ⧚߯ᮄDŽ 催ㅵ䅸ЎˈҪӀ䖯㸠߯ᮄ 䳔㽕䞡㾚ⱘ⬹㉏ൟˈ䇕ᴹ䋳䋷ৢ㓁乍Ⳃˈབԩᇚ乍Ⳃ៤ᵰଚϮ ᄆକ๚ ࣪DŽᕜᇥ᳝Ҏᡞᯊ䯈㢅䆒ᅮ߯ᮄⳂᷛǃᣛᷛ乘ㅫϞDŽ䖭ᕜ㛑ޑႎ߾ፕظܔ ⱘخϔ乍䴶ܼ⧗ 600 ԡ݀ৌ催ㅵǃ㒣⧚ϧϮҎⱘ䇗ᶹ 䇈ᯢ䯂乬ˈЎ䙷ѯᏆ᳝߯ᮄⳂᷛᣛᷛⱘ݀ৌⱘ催ㅵᇍ᠔ ㄪֵ᳝ᖗDŽއ Ёˈফ䆓㗙㸼⼎乚ᇐᰃ߯ᮄϮ㒽᳔དⱘᣛᷛDŽᇚ㞾Ꮕ݀ৌ߯ ᮄ乚ඳᠧߚ䕗催ⱘফ䆓㗙ЁˈҪӀ䅸Ў݀ৌ乚ᇐሲѢĀᔎā ႎྪஏظĀᕜᔎāDŽϢℸⳌᇍˈ䙷ѯ䅸Ў㞾Ꮕ݀ৌ߯ᮄ㛑䕗Ԣⱘফ䆓㗙ৠ ยऺ ᯊг䅸Ў݀ৌⱘ乚ᇐ䕗Ꮒˈ⫮㟇㊳㊩DŽ Ϣ݊Ҫӏԩ⬅Ϟ㟇ϟⱘᮑϔḋˈ乚ᇐⱘ㸠ЎᇍਬᎹ᳝ᕜ 1˖乚ᇐሖᗱ㓈ᅮ㔥㒰Ёⱘ⫼ ᕅડDŽ߯ᮄҢᴀ䋼Ϟব䴽㋻ᆚⳌ㘨ˈ䳔㽕Ңᅲ⦄ⷁᳳϮ㒽Ⳃᷛ 㔥㒰ഄϡৠഄ⧚ऎඳЁ㉏Ԑ䚼䮼ⱘओৡВ՟ ⱘᎹЁᢑߎ㊒䌘⑤DŽϢ݊ҪⳂⱘⱘᮑⳌ↨ˈ߯ᮄᎹৃ ⼎㛑䳔㽕ㅵ⧚ሖ哧ࢅਬᎹˈ䌶ᕫҪӀⱘֵӏ䅸ৠDŽ៥Ӏ䴶 600 催Ϯ㒽䚼䮼 ԢϮ㒽䚼䮼 㔥㒰ЁⱘϾҎˈⱘᇣ㸼 ϾҎⱘ䖲ᑺüü䍞ˈ ԡ㒣⧚ϧϮҎਬⱘ䇗ᶹḋᴀᰒ⼎ˈ哧ࢅ߯ᮄ㸠Ўⱘࠡϸ֗䖯 ϾҎⱘ䖲ᗻ䍞ᔎ; ഄЁ 䍞Ёᖗԡ㕂ˈϾҎⱘ䖲ᗻ䍞 ㋴ᰃ哧ࢅֱᡸ߯ᮄⱘᔎ᳝ⱘ乚ᇐˈҹঞᜓᛣ㢅ᯊ䯈⿃ᵕㅵ ᔎ ⧚ࡼ߯ᮄⱘ催ㅵDŽџᅲϞˈ催ㅵ䅸Ўˈᇍ߯ᮄᎹᭋ㸡њџˈ ᳝ড়㊒⼲ⱘϾҎ ᰃ᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘ߯ᮄᴔDŽᥦѠԡⱘॳᰃˈ催ㅵϡ㛑 ≵᳝ড়㊒⼲ⱘϾҎخা䇈ϡ 䇈ᯢϾҎ㔥㒰Ёⱘ㘨㋏ ҹ䑿߭ˈ՟བˈϡᬶݦ䰽ˈϡФѢফᮄ߯ᛣDŽҙ哧ࢅⷁᳳϮ ㆁ༈ᮍҷ㸼Ѧࡼᮍ 㒽ˈྟ㒜ᆇᗩ༅䋹гᰃফ䆓㗙߫Вⱘ᳔ⱘ߯ᮄᴔПϔDŽ
ƽ 䚼ߚ乚ᇐ䲚Ё䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ ƽ ϔԡ乚ᇐ䲚Ёㅵ⧚ ⼲ႎ ᭄᳝ড়㊒⼲ 㔎Уড়㊒ظ७ᅪ९ǖසࢆํ ƽ ಶ䯳㒧ᵘߚᬷ࣪ ƽ ಶ䯳㒧ᵘकߚ䲚Ё ៥Ӏⱘⷨおᰒ⼎ˈ᭄催ㅵϡ⿃ᵕ哧ࢅ߯ᮄᎹˈг≵᳝ 㔥㒰ЁⱘѦࡼᕜ Ѧࡼᕜᇥ ҪӀህ㛑ˈخ߯ᮄ㸠ЎϞ䍋ࠄ⼎㣗⫼DŽབᵰҪӀ㛑䙷ḋ
25 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚
⒵⛁ᚙˈ㗠᳝ѯҎᇍӏԩϢ ᄤˈ∖ࡽᅠ៤ᎹDŽࠊൟҎᠡ᳔ৃ㛑ᰃ㔥㒰Ё㘨㋏Ͼᇣ㒘ܙ᳝ৃ㛑䌉݀ৌݙ᳝ѯҎᇍ߯ᮄ ব䴽Ⳍ݇ⱘ䆱乬ᛳࠄϡ㟦᳡DŽ᳔䖥ⱘᄺᴃⷨお㒧ᵰথ⦄ˈϾҎ߯ ಶԧⱘ៤ਬDŽ 䗴ᱎ∈ᑇⱘᏂᓖᇍ߯ᮄⱘᕅડ䖰䖰ԢѢ݇㋏㔥㒰ⱘ 䖭⾡Ҏਬᅝᥦᰃϔ⾡㊞⾥ᄺDŽϔϾ䳔㽕⚍ᄤⱘᇣ㒘 ⫼DŽ՟བˈ݇㋏㔥ᑓ⊯ⱘਬᎹ㛑ᅲ⦄߯ᮄⳂᷛˈՓ݊ᖿᕫࠄ 㔥㒰ህ䳔㽕ࡴ⚍ᄤ߯䗴㗙ⱘ᭄䞣DŽབᵰϔϾ㔥㒰䴶Јⱘᣥᰃ ᑓDŽ བԩᇚড়䗖ⱘ⚍ᄤଚϮ࣪ˈ߭ㅵ⧚ሖৃ㛑䳔㽕㗗㰥ࡴࠊൟҎ ᮄ剰߯ᛣˈ߯ᛣⱘ݇㋏㔥㒰㛑 ᠡϧᆊൟҎᠡⱘ᭄䞣DŽ៥ӀᇍϧϮҎⱘ䇗ᶹЁˈ䙷ѯ䅸Ў⫳ڀѢᮄ剰߯ᛣԐТ㛑⬅ ⑤⑤ϡᮁഄ߯䗴߯ᮄDŽℸˈ᳝ᬜⱘ݇㋏㔥㒰㛑䅽ᢹ᳝ϡৠⶹ 㞾Ꮕ݀ৌ↨ৠϔ㸠Ϯゲѝᇍ߯ᮄᛣ䆚ⱘফ䆓㗙ৃ㛑ࠄᢹ 䆚㉏ൟ㾷އᮍ⊩ⱘৠџ݅ৠ䜱䝓⚍ᄤDŽ䗮䖛ܙߚথ߯ᮄ㔥㒰 ᳝ࠊൟҎᠡⱘ݀ৌএկ㘠DŽ ⱘӋؐˈ݀ৌ乚ᇐ㛑Ң⦄᳝䌘⑤ЁᣪᥬӋؐˈ㗠᮴䳔㸠 㾘ⱘব䴽ㅵ⧚乍ⳂDŽ ႑ඪ࿔ࣅ ⼒Ѹ㔥㒰ߚᵤৃҹᐂࡽ催ㅵ䆞ᮁ⦄᳝㔥㒰ˈ⹂ᅮ݊⡍⚍ˈ՟ 催ㅵӀ䅸Ўˈᅝᥦ᳔དⱘҎᠡখϢ߯ᮄ乍Ⳃˈᅠ៤߯ᮄⳂᷛ བˈড়ⱘ乥⥛ǃਬᎹП䯈䎼㘠㛑Ѧࡼⱘ⏅ᑺˈᑊᡒࠄ㛑Ӵ᪁ ᰃҪӀ߯ᮄ乚ඳ䴶Јⱘ᳔ⱘᣥDŽҪӀПЁⱘ 40% 䖬䅸Ўˈ ᙃⶹ䆚ⱘਬᎹDŽ䖭⾡ֵᙃ䗮䖛⧚⏙ਬᎹಶ䯳ⱘᗱ䏃ˈ㛑 ҪӀ≵᳝䎇ⱘҎᠡˈϡ㛑⒵䎇߯ᮄ乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕DŽԚᰃˈϟ䴶ⱘֵ ᳝ᬜ߯ᮄ㔥㒰ⱘᓎ䆒Ё䍋ࠄ݇䬂⫼DŽ 3˖䰏߯ᮄⱘ㋴
↨ႎྪஏ ফ䆓㗙ⱘⱒߚظ ՟བˈᶤᆊ݀ৌˈ៥Ӏথ⦄ϝϾಶ䯳ᇍ߯ᮄ᳝ⴔᅠܼϡৠ 佪ᐁ㑻乚ᇐ ⱘ㾖⚍DŽϔϾಶ䯳䅸Ўˈ݀ৌ᳝߯ᮄ㊒⼲ˈԚᰃϸϾಶ䯳˄ऴ ϧϮҎ ᙼᰃ৺ᢹ᳝䎇ড়䗖 40 ටຕᄲԲጆڦဝपߛ࠶ስኄ߲ၜ , ݀ৌᘏҎ᭄ⱘ 57%˅ᣕϡৠᛣ㾕DŽҪӀ䅸Ўˈ݀ৌ㔎У߯ᮄ㊒ Ҏᠡ 䖯㸠⾡㉏ൟⱘ߯ 22 ๗ܠ82% ᮄ˛ 亢Ϲ䞡ˈ㸠ࡼ㓧᜶ǃᬜ⥛Ԣϟǃ㗠ϨҸҎय़ᡥDŽϔ ᳝ড়䗖ⱘҎᠡ, 乚ᇐֱ 27ڮüüᅬ⼲ ӑऩ⣀㒬ࠊⱘ㔥㒰ᰒ⼎њ݀ৌㄝ㑻Ϲᆚⱘ㒧ᵘˈԚᰃৠᯊгথ ᡸ߯ᮄ៤ᵰ 25 Ҏᠡ≵᳝ߚ䜡ࠄ߯ᮄᎹ 18 ⦄䎼㘠㛑䚼䮼П䯈ⱘ㘨㋏䴲ᐌ㋻ᆚDŽ Ϟ 17 ᔧ៥ӀᇚϾҎᇍ߯ᮄⱘⳟ⊩㔥㒰㒧ড়䍋ᴹ䖯㸠ߚᵤᯊˈ ටຕᄲԲဝڦ᳝ড়䗖ⱘҎᠡ, Ԛᰃ᭛ 12 ጆᄽට๗ስኄ߲ၜ ៥Ӏথ⦄њᬍⱘᴎӮDŽҸҎ䌍㾷ⱘᰃˈ䙷ѯᇍ߯ᮄᗕᑺ᳔Ў⍜ ࣪䰏߯ᮄ䖯ሩ 30 ࠶ܠ150% ᵕⱘਬᎹ˄᭄ᰃЁሖ㒣⧚˅ℷᰃᆊ䇋ᬭ᳔ˈ㽕∖ᦤկ߯
ᮄ⚍ᄤⱘҎDŽџᅲϞˈҪӀ៤њᮄ⚍ᄤ⌕ࡼⶹ䆚݅ѿⱘ⫊乜DŽ 䌘᭭ᴹ⑤˖ ᑈ呺㚃䫵߯ᮄ䇗ᶹ 䰡Ԣ㔥㒰ⱘ䲚Ё࣪ᑺᰃᦤ催ড়Ϯ㒽ⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩˄ DŽᛇ䈵ϔϟϸϾᓔሩⳌৠᎹˈԚԡѢϡৠഄ⧚ԡ㕂ⱘ䚼䮼DŽ ᛣ㾕᳝᠔ϡৠDŽਬᎹࡴⳌֵ㞾Ꮕⱘ݀ৌ᳝ড়䗖ⱘҎᠡˈԚᰃ݀˅1 催Ϯ㒽䚼䮼ⱘϔϾ䞡㽕⡍⚍ᰃˈ乚ᇐሖЁ᭄Ҏᗱᛇᓔᯢˈ⿃ ৌ᭛࣪䰏ҪӀ䖯㸠߯ᮄ˄ 3˅DŽ ⲯ㸠ǃڮᵕ䖯পDŽ催Ϯ㒽䚼䮼ⱘֵᙃ㔥㒰гᰃߚᬷ࣪ⱘˈ᳝䞣䖲⚍DŽ ᇍѢᡥࠊ߯ᮄⱘ᭛࣪㋴ˈᆊᴀᣕⳌৠ㾖⚍˖ᅬ ˈ㱑✊催Ϯ㒽䚼䮼ݙг᳝ㄝ㑻Ꮒ߿ˈԚᰃֵᙃⶹ䆚㔥㒰ⱘߚᏗ ㄝ㑻ỂϹǃय़ᡥⱘ⦃๗DŽ䖭ḋⱘ᭛࣪㒣ᐌᇍ߯ᮄ䌘⑤䞰ᑩᢑ㭾 䕗Ўߚᬷˈ᳝ⱘ៤ਬ⿃ᵕখϢDŽ㗠ԢϮ㒽䚼䮼া᳝ϔϾ乚ᇐˈ ᕔᕔՓ⫼֗䖯ⷁᳳϮ㒽ⱘ▔ࢅ↉ˈϨϡ㛑ᆍᖡ༅䋹ⱘথ⫳DŽ Ҫࠊ᭄ⱘ⌏ࡼˈᇍ݀ᓔড়ᣕ⍜ᵕᗕᑺˈ㔥㒰䖲䕗ᇥˈ ᴀ䇗ᶹЁˈҙ᳝ 28% ⱘ催ㅵ䅸ЎˈҪӀৃ㛑䞡㾚߯ᮄ亢䰽ˈ 䆒䅵䕗Ў䲚Ё࣪DŽ 㗠ϡᰃ߯ᮄᴎ䘛ˈԚᰃҙ᳝ 38% 䅸Ўˈ݀ৌ⿃ᵕҢ߯ᮄ༅䋹Ё DŽҸҎᛳࠄࡴϡᅝⱘᰃˈҙخ䆒䅵ǃᅲᮑㅵ⧚߯ᮄ㔥㒰᳝ಯ݇䬂ℹ偸˄ 2˅DŽℸˈ পᬭ䆁ˈᑊ哧ࢅܼ݀ৌг䖭ḋ 催ㅵ䖬ৃ䗮䖛ᡒࠄড়䗖ⱘਬᎹ㒘ড়ᑇ㸵⚍ˈᇍ㔥㒰Ⳃᷛ䖯㸠䇗 ᳝ 23% ⱘਬᎹ䅸Ўˈ݀ৌ哧ࢅҪӀҢ༅䋹Ёপ㒣偠ᬭ䆁DŽ㽕 䎼㘠㛑ᇣ㒘ϔḋˈ߯ᮄ㔥㒰г䳔㽕ϡৠⱘᡔ㛑ᗕᑺDŽ ߯䗴ࡴ哧ࢅ߯ᮄⱘ⦃๗ˈ㒣⧚ᖙ乏ᥠᦵᮄⱘᡔ㛑ˈ䇗ࡼ乚ᇐڣᭈDŽህ ḍ៥Ӏⱘ㒣偠ˈ䖭ࣙᣀ⾡Џ㽕㉏ൟҎᠡⱘ㒘ড়˖ ਬᎹDŽԚᰃˈᕜ乚ᇐ㔎У乚ᇐᡔ㛑ˈ՟བˈ㔎У䕙ᇐϟሲ˄㗠 ᄤ߯䗴㗙୰ߎ⚍ᄤˈҪӀ䅸Ўˈ䯂ᇍⱘ䯂乬㽕↨᳝ᇍ ϡᰃথোᮑҸ˅ᑊ֗䖯䚼䮼䯈≳䗮णⱘᡔ㛑DŽ⚍ • ⱘㄨḜ䞡㽕ˈҪӀ䕗Ўᜓᛣ䞡䆩偠乍ⳂЁݦ䰽DŽ ݛӄڦⷨおൟҎᠡ୰ᣪᥬ᭄ˈᡒࠄ㾘ᕟˈ㮝ℸᡒࠄᮄ⚍ᄤDŽ ߀߫ၳࡕᆶ၌ • ҪӀ᳔ৃ㛑ᰃ㔥㒰Ёᇏᡒ⍜䌍㗙⋲㾕ˈᑊᇚ݊㾚ЎЏ㽕䕧ܹᛣ㾕 ܼ݀ৌ㣗ೈⱘব䴽ᮍḜϡҙӏࡵ㡄Ꮌˈ㗫ᯊ䕗䭓ˈ㗠Ϩ㒣ᐌ ⱘ䙷ѯ៤ਬDŽ ᬜᵰ᳝䰤DŽ៥Ӏᐂࡽ݀ৌব䴽ᦤ催߯ᮄ㛑ⱘ㒣偠ᰒ⼎ˈϡ䗮 • ϧᆊൟҎᠡ䞡㾚ᶤϾ乚ඳⱘᬜ⥛ˈᑊ⦡ᚰ߯䗴៤㒽ⱘᴎӮDŽ 䖛ܼ݀ৌ㣗ೈⱘব䴽ᮍḜг㛑পᕫ䖯ሩDŽ៥ӀᏆ㒣䅼䆎њ⬅乚ᇐ خⲥࠊൟҎᠡण䇗㔥㒰ݙⱘ⾡⌏ࡼDŽ݊ҪҎ݊䇋ᬭᮄ⚍ ሖ⼎㣗ℷᓣⱘ㒘㒛ᴎࠊᴹ֗䖯߯ᮄⱘᓣDŽབᵰ催ㅵሖ㛑 • ߎᡓ䇎ˈᢑߎ㊒ᴹݏᠻ㸠⡍ᅮӏࡵⱘ㛑ˈ䙷Мˈ䖭ᮍ䴶 2˖䆒䅵߯ᮄ㔥㒰 ࡾⱘ㘮ড়᠔ѻ⫳ⱘᬜᵰᇚकߚҎDŽ催ㅵಶ䯳㛑䗮䖛ϟ߫ᮍ ˖থ 2 ඓۨݔྷժ֖ࠞᇑ ⊩ᓎゟ߯ᮄ⇨⇯䕗⌧ⱘ᭛࣪ 1 噝 ᡒࠄ䙷ѯ᳝ℷ⹂߯ᮄᗱ㓈ⱘਬᎹ 噝 ᅮН㔥㒰ᅲ⦄݀ৌ⬹Ⳃᷛ 噝 ᇚᢹ᳝ϡৠ㉏ൟⱘ߯ᮄҎᠡ㒧ড়䍋ᴹ 䍋ⱘ⫼ 1. 催ㅵಶ䯳ᖙ乏ܼԧᬃᣕ߯ᮄDŽ ˄՟བ⚍ᄤൟҎᠡǃⷨおൟҎᠡǃϧ 噝 ࠊᅮ㔥㒰ⳂⱘǃⳂᷛ៤ࡳⱘ ᆊൟҎᠡⲥࠊൟҎᠡ˅ 噝 ᅮНᯢ⹂ⱘ乘ᳳ 2. ᇚ᠔ᣥ䗝ߎⱘ㒣⧚ݏ៤Ў߯ᮄ乚㹪DŽⳂᷛᰃ˖ᦤ催㔥㒰 噝⹂ֱᓎゟϡৠⱘҎᠡ㒘ড়ᢹ᳝ϡৠ 噝 ᓎゟᯊ䯈㸼ᑊ⹂ᅮ᠔䳔Ҭߎⱘ ᑺⱘ䌘ग़ǃᡔ㛑Ϯ㒽 噝 㾘ߦབԩ㔥㒰៤ਬП䯈ᓎゟ ᬜ⥛DŽ ࣙᣀ䋳䋷ԧӏࡵ থ ඓۨݔྷժ ᛳᑊ䖙䗳䅽ᆊখϢ䍋ᴹ 噝 ᅮНЎϔϾ㔥㒰 Ⳃᷛⱘᄤ㔥㒰 ֖ࠞᇑ 3. Ў〇ℹ䆩偠ᖿߎ៤ᵰ߯䗴ᴎӮDŽ䖭⾡ᮍ⊩᮴⭥ᰃ݀ৌ
ༀࢅଳऄႠ ਃࡼ᠔᳝ব䴽Ꮉⱘ᳔Շᮍ⊩DŽۯ ᰃ⫣خ߯ᮄᰃϾᄩ㚆Ꮌ┰㛑ⱘ⚍ᄤDŽԚᰃˈ࣪ᭈЎ䳊ⱘ ࠶ࢅጕጷ 3 ኧࢅዎ 4 خ噝 ᅮН៤ਬⱘ䋵⤂བԩᕫࠄ䅸ৃ ࠶ࢅጕጷ ኧࢅዎ 噝 ᅮН㔥㒰ⱘᬃᣕҎ乚ᇐҎ ᯢᱎⱘˈᅲᮑ៥Ӏᴀ᭛Ёᦤ䆂ⱘϔϾϾ⚍ᄤˈ✊ৢ⬅ℸ 噝 ࠊᅮϮ㒽ㅵ⧚ᷛޚ 噝 ⹂ᅮ᠔䳔ⱘᡔᴃᬃᣕ 噝 ᅮН䴶ᇍ䴶Ӯ䆂᠔䍋ⱘ⫼ 䍋DŽᇍᕜ݀ৌᴹ䇈ˈӋؐ߯䗴ᮙ䗨Ё䖜ߎⱘ᳔߱ℹгᰃ᳔݇ ޚ噝 ᓎゟ䗑䏾ᷛ 噝 ᅮН㔥㒰䆘Ԅǃᅵ䆂ׂᬍⱘᯊ䯈⚍ 噝 ᅮН݊Ҫᖙ㽕ᬃᣕ˄བЏᣕҎ ҹঞއᅮ⬅䇕䋳䋷 㸠ᬓᐂࡽ˅ 䬂ⱘℹDŽ ᅮᮄ៤ਬབԩ䖯ܹ㔥㒰⦄᳝៤ਬབԩ 噝 ᅮН݇䬂ⱘⶹ䆚ֵᙃ䕧ܹüއ 噝 ᓔ㔥㒰 㔥㒰ݙ䚼䚼⾏ 噝 㾘ߦ⌕ҹࡼ㔥㒰ᠽ݊ᕅડ ܼ᭛ᴹ㞾lj呺㚃䫵ᄷߞNJ
26 ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story ĐI Want to Inspire People!đ Solar taxi driver Louis Palmer tours around the world in 18 months
Interview, Fabian Gull
Swiss adventuror Louis Palmer (36) that we could have a better world with vehicle. No problems to ¿nd a parking reached the Chinese border of Mengla new technologies. slot? on the 17th of April coming from Laos. I always have to explain to people that After a warm welcome by the city Solar cars aren't new, and they've I only need the trailer for the world tour government of Kunming, he then been glori¿ed since the eighties - to extend my range and be independent continued travelling to Guangzhou without a breakthrough so far. Will from the grid. I want to show that this and Shenzhen. In Xinyu, he visited this be different in the future? car runs entirely on solar power. But for the world's leading manufacturer of So far solar cars were predominantly the every day use, the solar cells would silicon for the solar industry, LDK. "We racing cars made for desert races. My be on top of my house, from where I were very impressed by how much solar taxi proves that solar powered can feed the electricity into my battery. effort China is putting on renewable electric cars can even travel around the The solar car of the future has no more energies. We haven't seen any other world and can be easily used in every solar cells on the car and won't need country with so many solar water day life. The technology is here – let's any trailer. And with a car of only 10 feet heating installations on rooftops", just do it! With the soaring petrol prices length, it is, in fact, very practical for Palmer says. He also visited the Solar and the massive global warming, we are ¿nding a parking slot! Energy Show in Shanghai before getting closer to a breakthrough every reaching Bejing. Later on he shipped day. Any "China speci¿c" experience you his "solar" car from Tianjin to South have? Korea. At this moment, Louis Palmer is Are you an ideologist or a realist? Everywhere we met nice, friendly and recharging batteries in the "Sunshine I am realist and an optimist. helpful people and we had no problems State" California. at all in China. Except maybe for one Is solar energy the solution out of the thing. Often, we were not allowed to use Louis Palmer, what's your mission, energy crisis? the highways. Eventhough we travel why are you doing what you are Massive investments are being made faster than trucks, the toll gate people currently doing? in this industry. Prices will go down did not allow it, because three wheelers, I want to show to the world that we have drastically and very soon. Then everyone electric cars, trailers and self made cars solutions against global warming like can have his or her solar cells on the are not allowed. So we traveled on side solar energy. And we have solar cars as rooftop to either use the electricity of your roads and over the mountains. I was solutions for transportation that don't rely own or feed it into the grid and make surprised to see that the solar taxi didn't on fossil fuels. money with it. I am convinced that solar have any problems to cross the high energy will become cheaper than today's mountain passes of southern China. Do you expect anything concrete from conventional energy. That is not science I guess, as a Swiss car, it likes the this trip or is it just PR? ¿ction. This is our nearby future. mountains. I want to inspire the people! I can not change the world, but I can show people Your solar taxi is a relatively long www.solartaxi.com
27 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ Đᄲഔ݀ටૌ"đ
๗ິऐLouis Palmer18߲ሆ࣍൰ႜڦᄞీ
䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ
๗ஶ၃ॆLouis Palmerံิᇀ4ሆ17න ৃҹҎӀሩ⼎˖ᮄᡔᴃৃҹՓ៥ӀⱘϪ ⱘџᅲDŽ କઑ ⬠বᕫདDŽڟዐࡔՉৣᒘજLjٳڸጲ ࿋ࣷփכวডLjቴཕכ๗ڦᄞీڦే ඤଜ࣌ᆓăໜࢫLjᆼၠ࠽ዝࢅศڦአު ৽ᅙঢ়٪ሞժ ߲ࣷ࿚༶఼Ǜپሞ20๘ु80כႎᇆ้Ljݡ࿚କ๘হप ᄞీഛٳڟႜăሞ ៥ᘏᰃ㽕ҎӀ㾷䞞ⱘᰃˈ៥ⱘⱘ䳔㽕 ڦৃுᆶ๊೦ႠڍକሢᄙLjڟᄞీࡂೌሰഓᄽෘྼLDKࠅິLjժߌ ౮ ݀ቛă࿄ઠኄዖ൧ࣷᆶ߀ՎǛ ৢᢪᰃЎ៥㽕䍄ⱘ䖰ᑊϨϡ䳔㽕⬉㔥ڦǖĐዐࡔሞምิీᇸݛ௬ፔڢ਼ Ⴙ 䖘ҞЎℶˈ䰇㛑≑䔺Џ㽕ᰃ⫼Ѣこ䍞≭ ⱘᬃᣕDŽ៥㽕䅽ҎӀⶹ䘧䖭䚼䔺ᅠܼձ䴴ڟᆇၡLj்ੂڦ૰ߴ்ାူକศਗ਼ ∴⬉ҾጎକᄞీඤഗLjኄዖ ⓴↨䌯ⱘ䌯䔺DŽ៥ⱘ䰇㛑≑䔺䆕ᯢњ⫼ 䰇㛑ˈ㗠Ϩ᮹ᐌՓ⫼Ёˈ䰇㛑ۼۥܠ ≑DŽᴹⱘ䰇㛑⬉ܙ䰇㛑ᦤկࡼⱘ⬉䔺ৃҹ⦃␌Ϫ⬠ˈᑊ Ӯᬒ៥ⱘሟ乊Ϟ ڟ၄ၡ்ሞഄࡔॆுᆶੂڦՓ ฉ࡛֖࠵କᄞీቛબࣷLj ᮹ᐌ⫳⌏Ё䕏ᵒՓ⫼DŽᡔᴃህ䖭䞠ˈ 䔺ᇚϡ䳔㽕䰇㛑⬉∴ৢᢪDŽџᅲϞϔڟăđ࣏ڦ 䔺ԡذཀৄമྫࡣ া䳔㽕៥Ӏⱘ㸠ࡼʽ䱣ⴔ⊍ӋḐϞ⍼ 䕚10㣅ሎ䭓ⱘ≑䔺ᰃᅠܼৃҹᡒࠄٗذױമྫԛLjכໜࢫൻ ࡔăణമLjLouis PalmerኟሞĐᄞ࠼ኮ ܼ⧗বᱪ⦄䈵᮹ⲞϹ䞡ˈ៥Ӏ↣䛑 ⱘDŽ ă さ⸈䖜䖯DŽۉ؊ۉڦჱྺޟዝđे૧ ঢ়૦Ǜڦሞዐࡔᆶ๊ਏ༹ే ᅃ࿋ၙዷᅭኁ࣏၄ํዷᅭኁǛ Ёˈ៥Ӏϔ⚍䯂乬䛑≵᳝䘛ࠄˈ↣Ͼే ڦLouis PalmerLjేྺ๊ᄲ॑๓ᄞీ ๑ం๊Ǜ ៥ᰃ⦄ᅲЏНࡴФ㾖ЏН㗙DŽ ഄᮍⱘҎ䛑ᕜটདᑊᜓᛣᐂࡽ៥ӀDŽ᳝ϔڦ๗࣍൰ႜLjే ៥ᛇϪ⬠䆕ᯢˈ៥ӀৃҹՓ⫼䰇㛑䖭 ⚍ህᰃˈ⬅ѢЁ㾘ᅮϝ䕂䔺ǃ⬉䔺ǃᢪ ୟǛ 䔺㞾䗴䔺ϡ㛑Ϟ催䗳݀䏃ˈሑㅵ៥Ӏⱘڦḋⱘ㛑⑤ᴹᇍҬܼ⧗বᱪˈ៥ӀгৃҹՓ ᄞీਦీᇸླऐ ⫼ϡձ䌪Ѣ⊍ⱘ䰇㛑≑䔺ᴹ䖯㸠Ѹ䗮 䞣ⱘ䌘䞥ℷ㹿ᡩܹࠄ䖭Ͼ㸠ϮˈӋḐᕜ 䔺↨व䔺ᓔⱘ䖬ᖿˈᬊ䌍キⱘᎹҎਬᐌ 䖤䕧ᮍ䴶DŽ ᖿህӮᐙᑺϟ䰡DŽ䖭ḋᆊህৃҹՓ⫼ ᐌϡܕ䆌៥ӀϞ催䗳݀䏃DŽℸ៥Ӏ㽕 㞾Ꮕሟ乊Ϟⱘ䰇㛑⬉∴ˈկ㞾ᏅՓ 䕙䏃Ϟ㸠偊ˈ᳝ᯊ䖬㽕こቅ䍞ኁDŽ䰇㛑 ࣏ᆶ߸ਏ༹ ⫼ˈկܹ⬉㔥ˈ⫼ᴹ䌮䪅DŽ៥Ⳍֵ ⱘৃҹこ䍞Ёफ䚼ⱘቅኁ䅽៥ᛳࠄᕜدକჇྺكڇ࣍൰ႜڦే Ǜ 䰇㛑Ӯবᕫ↨ᔧࠡⱘᐌ㾘㛑⑤֓ᅰˈ䖭 ˈ៥ⱘ⣰⌟ᰃ៥ⱘ⨲䔺୰ቅኁDŽڦణڦ ៥㽕ਃথҎӀʽ៥ϡ㛑ᬍবϪ⬠ˈԚᰃ៥ ϡᰃ⾥ᄺᇣ䇈ˈ㗠ᰃϡЙⱘᇚᴹህӮথ⫳ www.solartaxi.com
28 ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story Market Diffusion The Chinese wind energy market is the sixth largest in the world
By Prof. Dr. Rolf Wüstenhagen, Assistant Professor and Vice Director at the Institute for Economy and Enviromnent at the University of St. Gallen
oth China and Switzerland are facing ZDWHULQWRQHZFRQVWUXFWLRQ7KHRI¿FLDOWDUJHWIRUWKHHOHFWULFLW\VHF- significant energy and sustainability tor is to supply 10% of capacity from renewables by 2010 and 20% challenges. Over 90% of Chinese and by 2020. The 10% target translates into installation of about 60 GW Bmore than 80% of Swiss primary energy of "new" renewables total by 2010, which is more than three times demand is supplied by non-renewable resources. the total power generation capacity installed in Switzerland. Both countries have recently started to address Given these ambitious targets, and against the background these significant risks to their energy supply. of the mixed success that countries around the world have had in 6ZLW]HUODQGKDVUDWL¿HGWKH.\RWRSURWRFRODQGLV facilitating market introduction of renewable energy, two workshops FXUUHQWO\GLVFXVVLQJQDWLRQDO&2OHJLVODWLRQ0RUHVSHFL¿FDOO\ZLWK recently held at the University of St. Gallen with energy experts from regard to renewable energies, the Swiss parliament has recently China and Switzerland investigated some of the underlying drivers adopted legislation which provides long-term financial support for and barriers for diffusion of innovation in the energy sector. The dif- renewable energy. ferences and similarities between China and Switzerland, as well as the recent dynamic development in this sector in both countries and Renewable energy law the strong economic linkages between them, provided a unique op- Switzerland once used to be the world leader in installed photo- portunity for fruitful exchange. voltaic capacity per capita in the early 1990s, but now lags Germany and Japan, where strong public policy support has led to dynamic Hydropower traditionally important market growth for renewable energy. China has implemented a new Prof. Li Junfeng, Deputy Director of the Energy Research renewable energy law two years ago. The law provides a feed-in Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, tariff (similar to the successful German model) and also supports reviewed some of the highlights of the current status of renewable rural uses of renewable energy. The new Chinese legislation takes energy in China. Many different forms of renewable energy are cur- a comprehensive approach to promoting renewables, including a rently supporting the generation of power, heat and transportation long-term development plan, R&D, geographic resource surveys, fuels. Similar to Switzerland, hydropower has traditionally had an technology standards, and building codes for integrating solar hot important role in electricity generation in China, accounting for ap-
29 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚
proximately 17% of the electricity mix. The renewable energy sector corn, are currently used in modest amounts. Like many Western with the strongest growth rates in China is now wind energy. The governments, China wants to increase the share of biofuels to man- installed capacity of wind turbines has doubled in 2006 to 2.6 GW, DJHLWVLQFUHDVLQJGHSHQGHQFHIURPRLOLPSRUWV7RDYRLGFRQÀLFWV making the Chinese wind energy market the sixth largest in the between biofuel and food production, the most promising candidate world. As in other renewable energy technologies, China is also on is to use second generation biofuels, which utilize cellulose from its way to becoming an important manufacturing base for wind tur- agricultural and forestry wastes. It is estimated that these resources bines, with more than 30 domestic manufacturers and subsidiaries amount up to half a billion tons per year, which could make China a of major international producers such as Vestas, GE, Siemens and major ethanol producer after 2020. Suzlon. Solar energy is another important market segment. There are Right incentives basically three ways of making use of solar energy: direct conver- While coal is still abundantly available in China, its dependence sion of sunlight to electricity using photovoltaics (PV), thermal elec- on foreign oil has become a major concern, particularly due to the tricity generation in concentrated solar power plants (CSP), and the strong growth in demand for transportation fuels. The Chinese use of sunlight to produce hot water (solar thermal). China is the government has realized that renewable energy can be part of the world market leader for solar hot water systems, with nearly two- VROXWLRQEXWWKDWDWWKHVDPHWLPHDQLQFUHDVHLQHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\LV thirds of global installed capacity. 40 million solar hot water systems also crucial. Rising oil prices are probably one of the factors that can provide enough energy to heat the water of 10 percent of Chinese help achieve both objectives at the same time. households. In terms of electricity generation based on solar energy, In many ways, the challenges facing China and Switzerland more than 300 Chinese photovoltaics manufacturers have emerged, in ramping up their renewable energy industry is characterized by half a dozen of them publicly listed. Unlike with solar hot water sys- similarities. The primary challenge is to create the right incentives tems, the focus of Chinese PV companies has been on exporting for new domestic capacities in the areas of electricity generation, rather than supplying the domestic market so far. Within China, the heating and transportation fuels. At the same time, national govern- IRFXVFXUUHQWO\LVLQWKHLPSRUWDQWRIIJULGPDUNHWIRUUXUDOHOHFWUL¿FD- ments are looking for ways to get a return on their renewable energy tion, especially in China's Western provinces. investment by facilitating export markets. Switzerland already has a ÀRXULVKLQJVXSSOLHULQGXVWU\LQDUHDVOLNHZLQGWXUELQHFRPSRQHQWV Sugarcane wastes and rice husks and solar cell manufacturing, while Chinese firms have a stron- Another source for rural energy supply is biomass. As Prof. Xil- ger presence in the downstream parts of the wind and solar value iang Zhang, Deputy Director of the Institute of Energy, Environment, chains. Recent price spikes in the conventional energy market are and Economy at Tsinghua University, points out, traditional forms of providing an enhanced impetus for renewable energy development, biomass (wood for cooking) are currently accounting for two thirds DVZHOODVIRUUHQHZHGHIIRUWVWRERRVWHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\LQWKHFUX- of the renewable energy used in China. At the same time, biomass cial housing and transportation sectors. And last but not least, an is also used for power generation with an installed capacity of 2000 important factor is to broaden the skill base in this emerging industry. MW. Sources of biomass currently used for power generation are Education and training for future renewable energy engineers and mainly sugarcane wastes and rice husks. With new policies, agri- managers is therefore high on the agenda of leading universities in cultural and forestry wastes will increasingly be used for biomass both countries. power generation. A sector that has received increasing public attention, but is also Further reading: Martinot, E./Junfeng, L. (2007): Powering China’s Develop- subject to controversial debates, is the use of biofuels for transpor- ment: The Role of Renewable Energy. Worldwatch Institute, Washington DC, WDWLRQ6RFDOOHG¿UVWJHQHUDWLRQELRIXHOVSDUWLFXODUO\HWKDQROIURP November 2007. www.iwoe.unisg.ch/china
30 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story ׇકොڦႎظምิీᇸ ׇీޅٷୃڼዐࡔ๘হ
㗙˖Rolf Wüstenhagenमˈࡴҥᄺ㒣⌢Ϣ⦃๗ⷨお᠔ࡽ⧚ᬭᥜঞࡃ᠔䭓
⨲䛑䴶Јⴔ㛑⑤ৃᣕ㓁থሩ 䰇㛑⛁∈㋏㒳䎇ЎЁ 10% ⱘᆊᒁᦤկ⛁∈DŽ䰇㛑থ⬉ ᏺᴹⱘᎼᣥDŽЁ䍙䖛 90% ҹঞ ᮍ䴶ˈЁ㑺᳝ 300 ᆊܝӣ䆒ࠊ䗴ଚˈ݊Ё݁ᆊᏆ݀ᓔϞᏖDŽ ܝ 80% ⱘЏ㽕㛑⑤䳔∖ˈ䛑ᰃ⬅ Ϣ䰇㛑⛁∈㋏㒳Џ㽕կᑨݙᏖഎϡৠˈ䖘ҞЎℶˈЁⱘ⨲ Ёϡৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ᦤկⱘDŽ䖥ᴹˈϸϾ ӣ䆒ࠊ䗴ӕϮЏ㽕ҹߎষЎЏDŽⳂࠡˈЁݙ䲚Ёথሩⱘᰃ 㛑⑤կ㒭Ϟᄬⱘ䞡亢䰽DŽ Ўᅲ⦄ݰᴥ⬉⇨࣪üᇸ݊ᰃ㽓䚼ഄऎⳕӑüⱘ⾏㔥ൟᏖഎDŽ݊އᆊ䛑ᓔྟ㾷 ⨲ᡍޚњҀ䛑䆂ᅮкᑊᓔྟ䅼䆎݇Ѣ CO2 ᥦ ڠᬒⱘゟ⊩䯂乬DŽԧࠄৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ˈ⨲Ӯ ߆ኃቀࢅ ᳔䖥䗮䖛њЎ݊ᦤկ䭓ᳳ䋶ᬓᬃᣕⱘゟ⊩DŽ ݰᴥ㛑⑤կ㒭ⱘϔϾᴹ⑤ᰃ⫳⠽䋼㛑DŽ⏙ढᄺ㛑⑤⦃๗ 㒣⌢ⷨお᠔ࡃ᠔䭓ᓴᏠ㡃ᬭᥜᣛߎˈⳂࠡӴ㒳ᔶᓣⱘ⫳⠽䋼㛑˄བ ˈምิీᇸ݆ ❂佁⫼ⱘ༈˅ऴЁ᠔Փ⫼ⱘৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ⱘϝߚПѠDŽৠᯊ 20 Ϫ㑾 90 ᑈҷ߱ᳳˈ⨲ⱘҎഛܝӣ㺙ᴎᆍ䞣ሙϪ⬠乚 ⫳⠽䋼㛑г㹿ᑨ⫼Ѣথ⬉ˈ݊㺙ᴎᆍ䞣Ꮖ䖒ࠄ 2000MWDŽ⫳⠽ ഄԡDŽ✊㗠ˈᖋ᮹ᴀ䞛প᳝ᬓㄪˈՓ݊ৃݡ⫳㛑⑤Ꮦഎ 䋼㛑থ⬉Џ㽕Փ⫼⫬㫫⏷』ˈḍᮄⱘ㾘ᅮˈݰϮỂᵫⱘܜ 䭓⌏䎗ˈᑊ䍙䖛њ⨲DŽЁϸᑈࠡ乕Ꮧᅲᮑњϔ䚼ᮄⱘৃ ᑳᓗ⠽ᇚ䍞ᴹ䍞ഄ㹿⫼Ѣ⫳⠽䋼㛑থ⬉DŽ ݡ⫳㛑⑤⊩ˈ䆹⊩ᕟ䞛⫼䖯᭭݇ࠊᑺ˄Ϣᖋⱘ៤ࡳᓣⳌԐ˅ ᇚ⫳⠽➗᭭⫼ѢѸ䗮䖤䕧Ϯϡҙফࠄњᑓ⊯ⱘ݇⊼ˈৠᯊг ᑊ哧ࢅݰᴥഄऎ߽⫼ৃݡ⫳㛑⑤DŽ䖭䚼ᮄⱘ⊩ᕟҢܼᮍԡ哧ࢅথ ᓩ䍋њ䆌ѝ䆎DŽ㹿⿄Ўϔҷ⫳⠽➗᭭ˈᇸ݊ᰃҢ⥝㉇Ёᦤপ 䆌㽓ᮍᆊϔḋˈЎњڣⱘЭ䝛ˈⳂࠡ݊Փ⫼ᑊϡकߚᑓ⊯DŽ ޚሩৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ˈࣙᣀ䭓ᳳথሩ㾘ߦǃⷨথǃ䌘⑤䇗ᶹǃᡔᴃᷛ ҹঞᇚ䰇㛑߽⫼㋏㒳Ϣᮄᓎㄥ㒧ড়ⱘᡔᴃ㾘㣗ㄝDŽᆊᇍѢ⬉ ࠊᇍ⊍䖯ষ䍞ᴹ䍞ⱘձ䌪ˈЁᏠᳯࡴᇍ⫳⠽➗᭭ⱘՓ ⫼さˈ᳔དⱘࡲ⊩ህᰃՓކ➗᭭Ϣ亳⠽⫳ѻⱘ⠽⫳ܡӕϮⱘⳂᷛᰃˈՓৃݡ⫳㛑⑤㛑⑤㒧ᵘЁⱘ↨՟ 2010 ᑈ ⫼DŽЎњ䙓 䖒ࠄ 10%ˈ2020 ᑈ䖒ࠄ 20%DŽ10% ⱘⳂᷛᛣੇⴔ 2010 ᑈᘏ Ѡҷ⫳⠽➗᭭ˈгህᰃ߽⫼ݰϮỂᵫⱘᑳᓗ⠽Ёⱘ㑸㓈DŽ 㽕㺙ᴎ㑺 60GW ⱘᮄৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ˈⳌᔧѢ⨲থ⬉ᘏ㺙ᴎᆍ Ԅ䅵↣ᑈ䖭ѯ䌘⑤㌃⿃䍋ᴹৃ䖒 5 ғৼˈ䖭ৃՓЁ 2020 ᑈ݅ DŽ ৢ៤ЎЏ㽕ⱘЭ䝛⫳ѻ㗙DŽס 䞣ⱘ 3 Ѣ䖭ѯᆠ᳝ᣥᗻⱘⳂᷛϪ⬠݊Ҫᆊᇚৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ ࠞڦړᏖഎᯊⱘ៤ࡳ༅䋹㒣偠ˈЁ⨲ϸⱘ㛑⑤ϧᆊ᳔䖥ࡴ ҥᄺህ㛑⑤䚼䮼߯ᮄⱘᠽᬷЁᄬⱘ䞡㽕ࡼຕ൦䖯㸠њⷨ ሑㅵЁⱘ✸⚁䌘⑤ЄᆠˈԚᰃ⬅ѢѸ䗮䖤䕧Ϯ➗᭭䳔∖ おDŽЁ⨲ϸ䯈ⱘᏂᓖϢⳌԐП໘ˈҹঞϸ䖥ᑈᴹৃݡ⫳㛑 䭓䖙⣯ˈ݊ᇍѢ䖯ষ⊍ⱘձ䌪Ꮖ៤ЎЁकߚ݇⊼ⱘϔϾ䞡㽕 ˈ䖭Ͼ䯂乬އ⑤乚ඳⱘ⌏䎗থሩϸ䯈⠶ⱘ㒣⌢㘨㋏ˈЎ䖭Ѹ⌕ⱘ៤ࡳ 䯂乬DŽЁᬓᑰᏆ㒣ᛣ䆚ࠄৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ৃҹᐂࡽ㾷 ߯䗴њ䞡㽕ⱘᴎӮDŽ ৠᯊˈᦤ催㛑⑤߽⫼ᬜ⥛ⱘ⫼гϡৃᗑ㾚DŽ㗠ϡᮁϞ⍼ⱘ⊍ ӋḐᕜᑺϞᰃՓ䖭ϸϾⳂᷛৠᯊᅲ⦄ⱘ㋴ПϔDŽ ૦ઠዘᄲ Ё⨲থሩৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ᮍ䴶᳝䆌ⳌԐП໘DŽҪӀ䴶ۉ૰݀ Ёᆊথᬍྨ㛑⑤ሔࡃሔ䭓ᴢ֞ዄᬭᥜ䞡⚍ಲ乒њᔧࠡৃ ᇍⱘ佪㽕ᣥህᰃ䗖䞣哧ࢅࡴথ⬉ǃկ⛁Ѹ䗮䖤䕧➗᭭ᮍ䴶 ݡ⫳㛑⑤ЁⱘഄԡDŽϡৠᔶᓣⱘৃݡ⫳㛑⑤Ё㹿⫼Ѣথ ⱘݙᮄᆍ䞣DŽϢℸৠᯊˈᬓᑰгᢧሩ䗮䖛ࡼߎষᏖഎথሩ ǃপᱪѸ䗮➗᭭ˈϢ⨲ⳌԐⱘᰃˈЁⱘ∈থ⬉ग़ᴹ ᴹᬊಲᇍৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ᡩ䌘ⱘ䗨ᕘDŽ⨲ᢹ᳝㫀থሩⱘ亢⍵䕂⬉ ᳝䞡㽕ⱘഄԡˈ∈থ⬉䞣Ꮖऴࠄᘏথ⬉䞣ⱘ㑺 17%DŽЁⳂࠡ ᴎ䳊ӊ䰇㛑⬉∴կᑨѻϮˈ㗠ЁⱘӕϮ亢㛑䰇㛑ⱘ 䭓᳔ᖿⱘৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ᰃ亢㛑DŽ2006 ᑈˈ亢⍵䕂㺙ᴎ䞣㗏њ ϟ␌Ӌؐ䫒᳝ᕜᔎⱘӬDŽ䖥ᴹӴ㒳㛑⑤ӋḐϞ⍼ϡҙࡼњ ϔ⬾ˈ䖒ࠄ 2.6GWˈՓᕫЁ៤ЎϪ⬠݁亢㛑ᏖഎDŽℷབ ৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ⱘথሩˈ䖬ࡼњᇍЏ㽕ᆊ⫼Ѹ䗮䖤䕧ϮՓ⫼㛑⑤ Ҫৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ᡔᴃϔḋˈЁҡᇏ∖៤Ў亢⍵䕂ᴎⱘ䞡㽕 ᬜ⥛ⱘᦤ催DŽ᳔ৢৠᯊгᰃᕜ䞡㽕ⱘϔ⚍ᰃᠽ䖭Ͼᮄ݈ѻϮⱘ݊ ࠊ䗴ഄˈⳂࠡᏆᢹ᳝㑺 30 ᆊݙࠊ䗴ଚࣙᣀ Vestas, GE, ᡔᴃ⸔ˈϸϾᆊⱘ䞡⚍ᄺᇍѢᴹৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ᎹᏜㅵ Siemens Suzlon ݙⱘЏ㽕䰙ࠊ䗴ଚⱘᄤ݀ৌDŽ ⧚㗙ⱘᬭ㚆䆁䛑कߚ䞡㾚DŽ Ўϔ⾡䞡㽕㛑⑤ⱘ䰇㛑ˈЏ㽕᳝ϝ⾡Փ⫼ᮍ⊩˖߽ ⫼ܝӣᡔᴃⳈᇚ䰇ܝ䕀ᤶЎ⬉㛑ˈ㘮ܝ䰇㛑থ⬉ॖথ☿ ⱘ䌘᭭䇋খⳟ˖Martinot, E./ ᴢ֞ዄ˄2007˅˖ࡽЁথሩ˖ৃݡ⫳㛑⑤䞡 ⬉ˈҹঞ⫼䰇㛑⛁∈˄䰇㛑⛁߽⫼˅DŽЁⱘ䰇㛑⛁∈㋏㒳 ӏৃDŽϪ⬠㾖ᆳⷨお᠔ˈढⲯ乓ˈ2007 ᑈ 11 ᳜DŽ ᢹ᳝ᇚ䖥ܼ⧗ϝߚПѠⱘ㺙ᴎᆍ䞣ˈሙϪ⬠乚ܜഄԡDŽ4000 ϛⱘ http://www.iwoe.unisg.ch/china
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ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story Smart Meters A smart solution for energy ef¿ciency
By Michael Raber, Chief Executive Of¿cer of Landis+Gyr Hong Kong and Taiwan
he threat of energy supply shortage is rap- increasing - by around 100GW per year in the last two years. This is idly spreading. The global climate change more than the total installed capacity in Germany. Practical solutions through increasing green house gas are required to remain on track. Temissions is a matter of fact accepted by A rapidly increasing number of countries around the world have governments, different industries as well as big oil VWDUWHGWRH[SORLWWKHSRWHQWLDOIRUWKHLQFUHDVHRIHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\ companies. At the same time, fuel prices are soar- by smarter ways of using electricity, gas, water and heat, particularly ing and oil prices are on record levels with no ceil- in the residential and commercial sectors. In the heart of these ac- ing in sight. The need for practical solutions to use tivities lies a technology called smart metering. Smart metering tech- energy more efficiently is becoming greater than ever before and nology mainly consists of a utility meter to measure consumption of is not only concerning politicians, organizations such as the United electricity, gas, water or heat, and a communication infrastructure Nations and power providers, but also every consumer. A lot of activities are happening in the energy supply side, such Energy Efficiency Ratios 2007 as usage of renewable energies, optimization of fossil fuel mixes GDP in USD per oil/tonne of primary energy and new technologies to reduce green house gas emissions of U.S. power plants. However, there is another enormous potential in the France HQHUJ\GHPDQGVLGHWRXVHOHVVHQHUJ\ZLWKRXWVDFUL¿FLQJWKHOHYHO Germany Italy of service and comfort for consumers. Britain
China Top policy priorities Singapore Thailand • China has also made tremendous progress in the last 15-20 Malaysia years in reducing energy consumption per unit GDP. With the 11th Taiwan Indonesia )LYH 33 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ An in-home display connected to the meter, such as the The Smart Metering Concept EcoMeter, now takes this smart metering concept to the next level. An in-home display is a device that delivers energy data from the smart meter in the basement to the living room. It displays real time information about electricity, gas and water consumption as well as Energy Provider greenhouse gas emissions. It provides statistics over hourly, daily In -Home Smart Meter - and monthly power consumption. Wireless technologies allow to Display send and to display instant messages for the consumer such as in- formation about peak, off-peak or critical pricing periods. Data Dynamic tariff and price signals Flow Experiences and pilots in different countries have shown that smart meters can reduce peak demand from 5% up to 30%. The ecoMeter higher end of this range can be achieved if incentives are offered in connection with smart metering for consumers, such as dynamic tar- Source: South China Morning Post iff and price signals over the day. Such incentives motivate a larger that allows the power utility to read or transmit data from and to the group of users to participate. meter. • Countries such as UK and Germany are making the use of Currently, most of us have little incentive to use energy such smart meters mandatory. By the end of 2010, energy suppliers in DVHOHFWULFLW\RUJDVHI¿FLHQWO\RUWRUHGXFHRXUSRZHUFRQVXPSWLRQ Germany have to introduce tariffs that encourage energy saving. The majority has their power consumption recorded by antiquated Smart meters will become mandatory in 2010 for all new dwellings. meters, which fail to provide real time consumption data and to sup- SRUWÀH[LEOHWDULIIV7KURXJKWKHXVHRIVPDUWPHWHULQJWHFKQRORJLHV Dynamic Peak Response consumers can enjoy real-time price information, at their homes or 12 months pilot, Australia LQWKHLURI¿FH(QHUJ\SURYLGHUVFDQKDYHWKHULJKWGDWDDQGWRROV for optimizing their operation and expansion of their systems. Smart 250 Metering will empower consumers to make informed and accurate ~50 kW (30%) 200 reduction decisions regarding their usage by enabling consumers to have in peak kW demand accurate data about their usage of energy and its costs at their 150 1-Mar Peak reduction fingertips. A residential consumer can determine that it would be 100 15-Mar more economical to run certain appliances, such as a dishwasher or Demand (kW) washing machine, during off-peak hours, or to simply use home ap- 50 SOLDQFHVPRUHHI¿FLHQWO\UHVXOWLQJLQDORZHUHOHFWULFLW\ELOO 0 00:00 01:30 03:00 04:30 06:00 07:30 09:00 10:30 12:00 13:30 15:00 16:30 18:00 19:30 21:00 22:30 Time Source: Landis+Gyr The UK government issued its White Paper on Energy including plans to provide in-home displays to all households and roll out smart meters. North European countries are currently installing smart meters to provide residential customers with exact billing data. In the US and Canada, California, Texas and Ontario are us- LQJVPDUWPHWHUVLQFRQQHFWLRQZLWKÀH[LEOHWDULIIVWRFXWWKHSHDN demand. Australia has already commenced roll-outs, having started with trials as early as 2003. &KLQDKDVDQHQRUPRXVSRWHQWLDOWRLQFUHDVHHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\ through smart metering, not only because of its sheer size with around 370 million households, but also because new building construction allows for the implementation of these technologies at lower cost compared to developed countries, achieving the big- ger “bang for the buck”. China adds an estimated 1.8 – 2.0 billion Cut peak demand square meter building space each year. Through smart meters, utilities can set up a direct communi- • Certainly, a number of issues have to be addressed before cation channel to their customers, thus enabling them to monitor the start, such as regulations and mandates. However, China’s consumer behavior. Its capability to display real time data is an ef- centralized structure can help to create a framework and support fective tool to cut peak demand. This shift in power consumption by the implementation of policies faster than in other countries. Smart consumers to off-peak periods is indeed powerful: it will reduce the 0HWHULQJHPSRZHUVXVDVFRQVXPHUVWRXVHHQHUJ\PRUHHI¿FLHQWO\ need to build new power generation and transmission facilities re- and reduce green house gas emissions. Going ahead without smart VXOWLQJLQOHVVJUHHQKRXVHJDVHPLVVLRQVDQG¿QDQFLDOVDYLQJV meters is like driving under speed limit without speedometer. 34 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story ऺీࣅ ڢీኮڦߛీᇸ๑ᆩၳ୲༵ 㗙˖Michael RaberˈLandis+Gyr佭␃Ϣৄഄऎ佪ᐁᠻ㸠ᅬ ⧗㛑⑤ⷁ㔎ℷࡴ࠻DŽ⬅Ѣ⏽ᅸᬜᑨ ↨བ⫼⬉⫼⇨ᮍ䴶DŽ⦄ᇍѢ㛑⑤⍜䌍ⱘ䅵䞣Џ㽕ᰃ㗕ᓣ䅵 ᠔ᓩথⱘܼ⧗⇨ব࣪Ꮖᬓᑰ䯈ǃ 䞣䇏᭄㗠ᴹⱘˈ䖭⾡ᮍᓣ᮶ϡ㛑ᦤկᅲᯊ⍜䌍᭄ˈгϡ㛑ᬃᣕ ᎹϮ䚼䮼ҹঞൟ⊍݀ৌП䯈៤Ў ♉⌏ⱘ䌍⥛DŽᑨ⫼㸼䅵ᱎ㛑࣪ᡔᴃˈ⍜䌍㗙ᆊࡲ݀ᅸህৃҹ ϔ⾡݅䆚DŽ ৠᯊˈॳ⊍ӋḐ⮃⍼ , ስ 㦋ᕫᅲᯊⱘ㛑⑤ӋḐֵᙃDŽ㛑⑤ᦤկଚৃҹ㦋পℷ⹂᭄ᑊՓ㛑ܼ ߯ᮄ催DŽĀབԩ᳝ᬜ߽⫼㛑⑤āবᕫ↨ҹᕔӏԩ ⑤կᑨ㋏㒳䖤㸠ᕫࠄӬ࣪ᠽሩDŽᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵ˈϡҙ᪡ㅔऩˈ ߎⳌخ᠋⫼⹂䌘᭭ˈᑊৃᥜᴗޚᯊ䛑ࠏϡᆍ㓧 , 䖭ϡऩᰃᇍѢ㘨ড়䖭ḋⱘ 㗠Ϩ㛑㒭⫼᠋ᦤկ⫼䞣䌍⫼ⱘ 㒘㒛 , гϡऩᰃᇍѢ㛑⑤ⱘᦤկଚ , 㗠ϨᇍѢ↣ ݇ⱘਞ⹂䅸DŽℸˈሙ⇥⫼᠋ৃҹࡴ㒣⌢ഄՓ⫼ᶤѯᆊ⫼ Ͼ㛑⑤ⱘ⍜䌍㗙㗠㿔 , гᰃབℸDŽ ⬉఼ˈ↨བˈ⫼⬉Ԣ䈋ᯊ䯈Փ⫼⋫ᴎ⋫㸷ᴎˈ⬅Ѣ⫼⬉Ԣ ᇥњ⬉䌍ⱘᬃߎDŽޣⳂࠡˈ㛑⑤կᑨᮍ䴶᳝䆌ᮄⱘВˈབՓ⫼ৃݡ⫳㛑⑤ǃ 䈋ᯊ⬉䌍֓ᅰˈҢ㗠 Ӭ࣪⏋ড়➗᭭ǃᓩܹᮄᡔᴃҹޣᇥ⬅থ⬉ॖ᠔ᏺᴹⱘ⏽ᅸᬜᑨㄝDŽ Ⴔ൱ۉᆩڦރߛۉᆩگ✊㗠ˈབԩՓ⍜䌍㗙ϡ䰡Ԣ⦄᠔ѿ᳝ⱘ᳡ࡵ∈ᑇⱘࠡᦤϟˈ ই ޣᇥ㛑⑤⍜㗫ˈ䖭ϔ䇒乬ᇚ㛑⑤䳔∖ᮍ䴶᳝ৃЎDŽ 䗮䖛ᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵 , ݀݅џϮㅵ⧚㗙ৃҹϢ⫼᠋ᓎゟⳈⱘ䗮 䆃⏴䘧 , Ң㗠ⲥ⌟⫼᠋Փ⫼㛑⑤ⱘ㸠ЎDŽ㛑⑤᭄ⱘᅲᯊᰒ⼎ˈ ዘڦአ֧ฉ 㸼䅵ᱎ㛑࣪ὖᗉ 㡖㛑↨⥛ ܗ⇥⫳ѻᘏؐ .)*. Џ㽕㛑⑤⊍ ↣݀ৼ㕢 㕢 㛑⑤կᑨଚ ⊩ ᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵 ᆊሙᰒ⼎㺙㕂 ᖋ Н߽ 㣅 Ё ᮄࡴവ 䌘᭭⌕ ⋄ 偀ᴹ㽓 Ѯ ৄ ॄሐ ecoMeter फ䶽 㧆ᕟᆒ 佭␃ ᮹ᴀ 0022 4 6 8 10121410 12 14 SourceSource:: South China Morning Post 䖛এⱘ 15-20 ᑈ䞠ˈЁ䰡Ԣ GDP ⱘऩԡ㛑⑤⍜㗫ᮍ 䴶পᕫњᎼⱘ䖯ℹDŽЁ 2006 ᑈ᠔ࠊ䅶ⱘ 11 ϾѨᑈ䅵 ߦЁˈᡞĀ㛑⑤ᬜঞৃᣕ㓁থሩāᅮЎ䞡㽕ᬓㄪDŽᑊ䅵ߦϢ 10 ϾѨᑈ䅵ߦⳌ↨䕗ˈᇚ㛑⑤⍜㗫䰡Ԣ 20%DŽ✊㗠ˈ᭄᳝ᰒ⼎ˈ 㛑⑤⍜㗫᳝ 20-30% ⱘ䭓ˈЁ䖛এϸᑈ䞠Ꮖᓎ៤ⱘথ⬉㛑 гҹ↣ᑈ 100GW ⱘ䗳ᑺᖿ䗳䭓DŽ䖭↨ᖋ⦄᳝ⱘᘏথ⬉ 㛑䖬㽕DŽ᳝ᬜՓ⫼㛑⑤ⱘ㾷އП䘧ા䞠ਸ਼˛ 㸼䅵ᱎ㛑࣪ᡔᴃˈৃҹᦤ催⬉ǃ⇨ǃ∈⛁ㄝᮍ䴶㛑⑤Փ⫼ ᬜ⥛ˈ⡍߿ᰃᣪᥬ⇥⫼ঞଚ⫼ᮍ䴶ⱘ㛑⑤Փ⫼ⱘ┰㛑ˈ៤Ў䍞ᴹ 䍞ⱘᆊᓔྟ݇ᖗⱘ⛺⚍DŽĀ㸼䅵ᱎ㛑࣪āेᰃ㾷އП䘧˖ᅗ ⬅䅵䞣⬉ǃ⇨ǃ∈ǃ⛁⍜䌍䞣ⱘ䅵䞣⫼㸼ঞৃҹ㛑⑤ᦤկ㗙Ϣ ᆊ⫼㡖㛑㸼 Փ⫼㗙П䯈Ӵ䗦䇏প᭄ⱘ䗮䆃㺙㕂㒘៤DŽ ៥Ӏ⦄㔎ᇥᇍޣᇥ㛑⑤⍜䌍᳝ᬜՓ⫼㛑⑤ⱘ▔ࢅᴎࠊˈ 35 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ ᙃབ催ዄᳳǃ䴲催ዄᳳ㋻ᗹӋḐᳳ䯈ⱘ䌘䆃DŽֵ ᇥ催ዄᯊޣ㣅䬾ཚ֘䬗ࡼᗕ催ዄᳳডᑨ ϡৠᆊⱘ㒣偠⌟䆩㸼ᯢˈᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵ৃҹ ▔Ͼ᳜⌟䆩23㠺ִ䳒內Δᖾ Δ▇⌆ 5%-30% ⱘ䳔∖䞣DŽབᵰᇍՓ⫼ᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵ⱘ⍜䌍㗙䞛⫼ϔѯ ࢅᴎࠊˈ↨བՓ⫼ࡼᗕ䌍⥛ᰒ⼎⫼᠋ࠡϔⱘ⍜䌍䌍⫼ˈৃՓ 250 䖭⾡催ዄᯊⱘ䳔∖䞣ᕫࠄⱘ䰡ᐙDŽ , 2010 ˈၦ㴈֟ᇥ催ዄᳳ䳔∖䞣 Ⳃࠡ 㣅ᖋᔎࠊ㸠Փ⫼ᱎ㛑㸼䅵DŽ ᑈᑩПࠡޣཚᏁޣ 200 61lx kw )41&* ᖋⱘ㛑⑤կᑨଚᖙ乏ᇍ㛑⑤⍜䌍Փ⫼䌍⥛䅵䞣ˈҹ哧ࢅ㡖㑺㛑 150 ⑤DŽࠄ 2010 ᑈ , ᮄⱘԣᅙᇚӮ㹿ᔎࠊ㽕∖Փ⫼ᱎ㛑㸼䅵DŽ㣅 (kW) (kW) 3᳜1᮹ ⫼ཚ㴈֟ᇥ催ዄᳳ ᬓᑰ᠔থ㸼ⱘlj㛑⑤ⱑⲂкNJᣛߎˈᅗᇚЎ᠔᳝ⱘᆊᒁᦤկՓޣ 100 3᳜15᮹ Ꮑޣၦ ᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵DŽ࣫ᆊЎԣᅙ⫼᠋ᅝ㺙ᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵ˈᑊৃᦤկޚ 䳔∖䞣 50 ⹂ⱘ㛑⑤⍜䌍ᏤऩDŽ㕢ǃࡴᣓǃࡴᎲᅝ⬹ⳕ㸠њᱎ 㛑࣪㸼䅵ˈᑊՓ⫼⾡䌍⥛ˈՓ催ዄᯊ䳔∖ᕫࠄࠞޣDŽᱎ㛑࣪㸼 0 䅵▇⌆ⱘ㸠᳔ᮽᓔྟѢ 2003 ᑈˈ⦄Ꮖܼ䴶ሩᓔDŽ 12:00 13:30 18:00 19:30 09:00 10:30 15:00 16:30 00:00 01:30 06:00 07:30 03:00 04:30 21:00 22:30 㸼䅵ⱘᱎ㛑࣪ˈᇍѢЁᦤ催㛑⑤Փ⫼ᬜ⥛ᇚ᳝ৃЎˈϡ 㦍吗 3.7 , ᯊ䯈 ҙЎЁᢹ᳝ ғ᠋ሙ⇥⫼᠋ 㗠ϨЁ↣ᑈᮄⱘᓎㄥ䴶 Source: Landis+Gyr ⿃㑺 18-20 ғᑇᮍ㉇ˈϢথ䖒ᆊⳌ↨ˈЁৃҹᕜԢⱘ៤ᴀ ᮄⱘԣᅙЁ㸠ᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵 , 䖒ࠄĀ㢅᳔ᇥⱘ䪅পᕫ᳔ⱘᬜ ৃҹ᳝ᬜഄᐂࡽࠞᑇዄᯊⱘ䳔∖DŽᬍব㛑⑤⍜䌍дᛃˈ䅽⍜ ᵰāDŽ 䌍㗙⫼⬉Ԣ䈋ᯊ⫼⬉ˈᄬᎼ┰˖䖭ᇚޣᇥᇍᮄᓎ⬉ॖ 㸠ᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵Пࠡᖙ乏㽕᳝ϔѯⳌ݇ⱘᬓㄪᮑ , Ё 䕧䜡⬉䆒ⱘ䳔∖ˈޣᇥ⏽ᅸ⇨ԧⱘᥦᬒˈᑊ㡖ⳕ䋶ᬓᬃߎDŽ 䲚Ёᓣⱘ㸠ᬓԧ㋏᳝߽Ѣᵘᓎ䖭ḋⱘᶊᵘ , Ϣ݊ᅗᆊⳌ↨ˈ ҹ EcoMeter ՟ˈ䖭⾡Ϣ䅵䞣㸼䅵Ⳍ䖲ⱘᆊ⫼ᰒ⼎㺙㕂Ꮖ ࡴᆍᯧᑊৃҹᖿ䗳㸠DŽ㸼䅵ᱎ㛑࣪ᡔᴃ , 䅽៥Ӏ㛑᳝ᬜഄ 䖒ࠄᱎ㛑࣪∈ᑇDŽ䖭⾡ᆊ⫼ᰒ⼎㺙㕂ˈৃҹᰒ⼎ߎഄϟᅸ䗮䖛 Փ⫼㛑⑤ , г㛑ޣᇥ⏽ᅸᬜᑨDŽᔧҞ㛑⑤⦃๗ϟˈՓ⫼㛑⑤ै ⌟偒偊䔺䕚᳝䰤䗳㽕∖Ԛ≵᳝ڣᱎ㛑࣪㸼䅵䞛䲚ᑊӴ䕧ࠄᅶख़ⱘ᭄DŽᅗৃҹᰒ⼎ߎ⬉ǃ⇨∈ ≵᳝Փ⫼㸼䅵ᱎ㛑࣪ᡔᴃ , ህད ⱘᅲᯊ㗫䞣ֵᙃˈᑊৠᯊᰒ⼎⏽ᅸᬜᑨⱘᣛᷛDŽᅗᦤկ↣ᇣᯊǃ 䗳䅵㗠䖒ϡࠄ䰤䗳ᬜᵰϔḋ , 䖒ϡࠄ㡖㑺㛑⑤ⱘⳳℷⳂⱘDŽ ↣᮹↣᳜⬉⍜䌍㒳䅵DŽ䖬ৃҹ߽⫼᮴㒓ᡔᴃЎ⫼᠋ᦤկेᯊ 36 ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story Tackling the Energy Challenge The greenest energy is energy saved By Remo Luetolf, ABB (China) Ltd., Head of Automation Products Division North Asia Electric motors (in the foreground) driving a metals rolling mill arely a day goes by without talk of climate of electricity is consumed by industry, and 60 percent of that is used change. The latest scientific reports have by electric motors. Devices to regulate the speed of a motor can re- shown it is happening and that human duce their energy consumption by 50 percent in many applications. activity is responsible. If we are to move Yet less than 10 percent of motors are equipped with such a device. beyond% talk and prevarication, we need urgent “The greenest energy is energy saved.” This slogan was launched solutions. Renewable energy, carbon capture and by ABB in early 2006 and combines economy and environmental biofuels are among the main solutions put forward protection, ABB’s mission and China’s needs nowadays. The ABB to mitigate climate change. They are valid methods and must be approach is well in line with the country’s target of sustainable devel- pursued but the truth is that most of the technologies are either not opment and building an economizing society. ripe, still too expensive or have unwanted side effects. But there is a quicker, cheaper and more effective way of tack- China's unbalanced energy consumption ling the energy challenge that can be applied right now: energy- HI¿FLHQWWHFKQRORJLHVWKDWDUHFRPPHUFLDOO\DYDLODEOHDQGSURYHQ share of total word GDP (QHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\LVWKHORZKDQJLQJIUXLWLQWKHFDPSDLJQWRSURWHFW share of total world energy consumption the environment because the technologies exist and we know the savings they will deliver. 26% Comparing China’s energy consumption and GDP with other 22% countries such as Japan or even the United States (see illustra- 15% 8% WLRQ WKHUHLVDVLJQL¿FDQWXQEDODQFHLQ&KLQD¶VHQHUJ\SHUIRUPDQFH 6% 5% which calls to be addressed now. Biggest potential for improve- ments are mainly in power generation and in running industrial China Japan USA SURFHVVHVPRUHHI¿FLHQWO\7RJLYHRQHH[DPSOHVRPHWZRWKLUGV Source: World Factbook, IEA (2005) 37 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ The energy value chain Transm ission Industrial Industrial Prim ary Energy Transport G eneration & Distribution Processes Production Im proved well y M ore efficient g efficiency r Lower line losses, e propulsion and M ore efficient n higher substation e pipeline system s Improved fuel com bustion efficiency e l productivity b a l i a v A M ore efficient m otors & drives Process Marine & Power Plant Grid Process Motors & Automation Pipelines Automation Operation Automation Drives Optimizing the energy value chain processes and production. The problem often starts with the $%%KDVVROXWLRQVIRUUDLVLQJWKHHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQF\IURPWKH IDFWWKDWQRVXI¿FLHQWGDWDLVDYDLODEOHRQHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ ZHOOKHDGWRWKHSOXJ2LODQGJDVSURGXFHUVDVZHOODVUH¿QHULHV and effective demand. Here sophisticated control systems help and power stations operate with better combustion process, to maximizing productivity at minimum use of critical resources UHGXFHGHPLVVLRQVDQGKLJKHUHI¿FLHQF\WKDQNVWRSRZHUPDQ- such as energy and raw materials, ensuring also constant level agement systems and automation equipment. Technologies of quality and avoidance of scrap. Hundreds or thousands of pioneered by ABB transport electricity with minimal losses while data points from sensors and parameters continuously are software, semiconductors, motors, drives, controls and power monitored so production processes get controlled in an opti- equipment help consumers in industry, rail transportation, of- mum way. While energy often is used for thermal processes, ¿FHVDQGKRPHVWRNHHSGRZQWKHLUHQHUJ\ELOO power used by electric motors for motion, including pumping, 6LJQL¿FDQWDPRXQWVRIHQHUJ\JHWORVWIURPWKHUDZHQHUJ\ often takes the lion's share. its transportation, power generation and subsequent trans- mission and distribution down to the industrial processes and Effectiveness of electric motors and drive systems production (see illustration). By application of state-of-the-art As already indicated, some 60 percent of the electrical energy technology and intelligent controls, in industry is used by electric motors. For energy efficiency can be substan- their effectiveness, there are two main is- tially increased along the whole en- UsingU variable speed VXHV)LUVWO\WKHHI¿FLHQF\WRFRQYHUWHOHFWULF ergy value chain. Let's have a look drives for motor control, power into mechanical force and secondly at a number of examples where ABB the effective power required by the process. VROXWLRQVFDQSURYLGHVLJQL¿FDQWDG- up to 50% of electric State-of-the-art electric motors of so called vantage, reducing overall losses up energy can be saved.. (I¿FLHQF\&ODVVFDQVDYHVHYHUDOSHUFHQWV to 30%: of energy compared to old technologies, as •Primary Energy: Automation solu- they are still widely installed. Considering tions in oil and gas drilling, that the cost for the total energy consumed pumping and compressing, mining and conveying ensure maxi- by an electric motor during its lifetime typically is a hundred PXPSRVVLEOHHI¿FLHQF\ times more than its purchasing cost, it quickly pays off to invest •Transportation: High performance turbochargers and modu- LQKLJKHI¿FLHQF\SURGXFWV lar podded propulsion system can reduce fuel consumption of Even higher energy savings can be achieved by using vessels considerably. variable-speed drives, which regulate the speed and torque of • Power Generation: Higher efficient fuel combustion with a motor. They can reduce their energy consumption by up to reduced emissions and minimum efforts in the operation of 50 percent and more, depending of the applications. Biggest sa- cooling systems and other auxiliaries are supported by sophisti- ving typically can be achieved with fans and pump applications FDWHGFRQWUROV\VWHPVDQGHQHUJ\HI¿FLHQWPRWRUVDQGGULYHV where frequently not the full speed is required. Yet less than •Power Transmission and Distribution: High Voltage Direct 10 percent of motors are equipped with such a device. Apply- Current (HVDC) and Flexible Alternating Current Transmission ing state-of-the-art technology, the energy saving potential all Systems (FACTS) allow transporting power over large distances around the world and especially in China is huge. It is good to at minimum losses, and well engineered transformers ensure see that China Government has taken up the topic of energy ef- PD[LPXPHI¿FLHQF\EHWZHHQWKHGLIIHUHQWYROWDJHOHYHOV ¿FLHQF\LQWKHFXUUHQW¿YH\HDUVSODQDQGWKDWFRQFUHWHWDUJHWV •Industrial Processes and Production: One of the most criti- have been set. Saved energy definitively is the greenest en- cal areas of energy usage and energy dissipation are industrial ergy, and it highly pays off! 38 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story ௬ܔీᇸ ᇸీڦᇸবูူీڦፌ୴ 㗙˖剕䘧ˈABB㞾ࡼ࣪ѻક࣫ѮऎݐЁऎᘏ㺕 㠅ᓣ䖯఼ৃᅲ⦄㠍㠊ᬜ ⥛᳔࣪ঞ䕏ᵒ᪡ ⬉ᰃˈ䜡䖭⾡㺙㕂ⱘމӀТ䛑䅼䆎⇨ব࣪ⱘ䆱 㗫⬉䞣া᳝᱂䗮⬉ᴎⱘϔञDŽ㗠⦄ⱘᚙ 乬DŽ᳔ᮄⱘ⾥ᄺਞᰒ⼎ˈ⇨ℷ ᴎ᭄䞣䖬ϡࠄ 10%DŽ থ⫳ব࣪ˈ㗠Ҏ㉏⌏ࡼℷᰃ㔾儕 Ā᳔㓓ⱘ㛑⑤ᰃ㡖ⳕϟⱘ㛑⑤DŽā䖭হ⬅ ABB Ѣ 2006 ᑈ߱ᦤ Ҏ⽌佪DŽ៥Ӏ᮴⊩ಲ䙓䖭Ͼ䆱乬ˈϡ ߎⱘষোݐ乒њ㒣⌢থሩϢ⦃๗ֱᡸˈ䯤䞞њ ABB ⱘՓੑЁ 㛑乒Ꮊে㗠㿔ᅗˈЎབԩ㾷އ䯂乬Ꮖ㒣ব ⱘ䳔∖DŽABB ᦤկⱘᬜ㡖㛑㾷އᮍḜ༥ড়њЁᅲ⦄ৃᣕ㓁থ ᕫ䖿ⳝⴿˈࠏϡᆍ㓧DŽ ሩˈᓎゟ㡖㑺ൟ⼒ӮⱘⳂᷛDŽ ⫳ᮍḜˈབৃݡއᇍℸҎ㉏Ꮖᦤߎ䇌㾷 㛑⑤ǃ⺇ᤩ㦋⫳⠽➗᭭ㄝDŽ䖭ѯᮍḜ䛑ᕜ ᳝ᬜˈᑨ䆹㒻㓁㸠ᅲᮑˈԚ៥Ӏ䴶Јⱘ⦄ᅲैᰃˈ᭄ᡔ ऴϪ⬠*'3↨՟ ↨՟ ᴃᇮϡ៤❳ˈӋḐ催ᯖˈ㗙Ӯѻ⫳䋳⫼DŽ ऴϪ⬠㛑⑤⍜㗫↨՟ བҞ᳝ϔ⾡ᖿ᥋ǃ㒣⌢ǃϨ᳝ᬜⱘ㾷އ㛑⑤䯂乬ⱘ 䗨ᕘˈᅗᏆᡩܹଚ⫼Ϩ㒣䖛ᅲ䏉Ẕ偠DŽЎ᳝⦄៤ⱘᡔᴃˈ㗠 26% Ϩ៥Ӏгњ㾷㡖㛑ᬜᵰˈ᠔ҹᬜ㡖㛑៤Ў⦃๗ֱᡸᅲ䏉Ёϔ 22% ⾡ㅔऩᯧ㸠ˈ㸠П᳝ᬜⱘᮍᓣDŽ 15% 8% བᵰᇚЁⱘ㛑㗫 GDP Ϣ᮹ᴀ⫮㟇㕢˄খ㾕㸼˅ 6% 5% ㄝⱘᣛᷛ䖯㸠↨䕗ˈԴৃҹⳟࠄˈЁ䖭ϸϾ㒣⌢ᣛᷛⱘ݇ ㋏ᵕϡᑇ㸵ˈѳᕙ㾷އDŽ㾷އ䆹䯂乬᳔᳝ᬜⱘࡲ⊩ᰃᦤ催থ⬉ Ё ᮹ᴀ 㕢 ᎹϮ䖛䖤㸠ᬜ⥛DŽ 䌘᭭ᴹ⑤˖ Ϫ⬠ὖމ˄World Factbook˅ǃ䰙㛑⑤㕆˄IEA˅˄2005˅ 㒳䅵᭄㸼ᯢˈᎹϮ⫼⬉㑺ऴ⬉⍜㗫ᘏ䞣ⱘ 2/3ˈ݊Ёˈ ⬉ᴎⱘ㗫⬉↨՟催䖒 60%DŽϔ㠀ᚙމϟˈ䜡䇗䗳㺙㕂⬉ᴎⱘ 39 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ ᆫࣅీᇸॏኵ૾ • থ⬉˖⬅Ѣ➗⊍➗⚻ܙߚˈ㗠ޣᇥњᥦᬒˈ㓧㾷њދै 䖯ⱘࠊ㋏㒳ǃ催ܜABB 㛑Ўᅶ᠋ᦤկಞᣀњ㛑⑤Ӌؐ䫒Ͼ⦃㡖ⱘ㡖㛑ᬜ㾷 ㋏㒳ⱘय़ˈℸˈ݊Ҫ䕙ࡽ䆒гᕫࠄњ އᮍḜDŽ⬅Ѣ䞛⫼њ⬉⑤ㅵ⧚㋏㒳㞾ࡼ࣪䆒ˈ⊍✊⇨ ᬜ⬉ᴎব乥఼ⱘᬃᣕDŽ ⫳ѻଚǃ㊒⚐ॖଚ⬉キഛᦤ催њ㛑⑤➗⚻ᬜ⥛ˈޣᇥњᥦᬒˈ • 䕧䜡⬉˖催य़Ⳉ⌕˄HVDC˅ᶨᗻѸ⌕䕧⬉㋏㒳˄FACTS˅ ⬉ᦤ催њᬜⲞDŽABB 佪߯ⱘ䕧⬉ᡔᴃ䰡ԢњӴ䕧䖛Ёⱘᤳ㗫˗ ᬃᣕԢᤳ㗫䖰䎱⾏Ӵ䕧ˈ䆒䅵㊒㡃ⱘবय़఼ৃ⹂ֱϡৠ⬉य़ 㗠 ABB ᦤկⱘ䕃ӊǃञᇐԧǃ⬉ᴎǃব乥఼ǃࠊ⬉䆒 ᑇПϟ䛑㛑ᅲ⦄᳔ᬜ⥛DŽ ᐂࡽᎹϮǃ䪕䏃䖤䕧ᅶ᠋ˈҹঞࡲ݀ᆊᒁ⫼᠋ࠞޣњ㛑⑤ᓔᬃDŽ • ᎹϮ⌕Ϣ⫳ѻ˖ᎹϮ⌕⫳ѻᰃ㛑⑤Փ⫼⍜㗫᳔ ҹϟ㸼ᰒ⼎ˈϔ㛑⑤䚼ߚ⍜㗫䖤䕧ǃথ⬉ǃ䕧䜡⬉ǃ ⱘ乚ඳПϔDŽ≵᳝ܙ䎇ⱘ㛑㗫᳝ᬜ䳔∖᭄ᐌᐌᰃߎ⦄ҹϞ䯂 ᎹϮ⌕Ⳉ㟇᳔㒜ⱘ⫳ѻ䖛ЁDŽ㗠䞛⫼ܜ䖯ⱘᡔᴃᱎ㛑ࠊ 乬ⱘॳDŽABB ܜ䖯ⱘࠊ㋏㒳ৃᐂࡽ⫼᠋᳔䰤ᑺᦤ催䞡㽕 䆒ৢˈᭈϾ㛑⑤Ӌؐ䫒ⱘᬜ㡖㛑ᬜᵰᕫࠄᐙᑺᦤ催DŽ៥Ӏ 䌘⑤˄བ㛑⑤ॳᴤ᭭˅ⱘ߽⫼ᬜ⥛ˈᦤ催⫳ѻˈৠᯊ䖬ৃҹ ⌾䌍DŽϡ䯈ᮁⲥ㾚Ӵᛳ఼Ϟⱘ᭄⚍খ᭄ৃӬܡᇥ 30%˅˖ ⹂ֱ䋼䞣ˈ䙓ޣᮍḜⱘӬ˄ᇚᘏᤳ㗫އᴹњ㾷ϔϟ ABB 㾷⦃ ࣪⫳ѻࠊ⌕DŽЎࡴ⛁⌕䗮ᐌ⫼⬉ˈ᠔ҹ⬉ᴎ䖤㸠˄ࣙ ᣀᢑ˅䖛Ё㗫䌍ⱘ⬉᳔DŽ ϔ㛑⑤ 㛑⑤䖤䕧 থ⬉ 䕧䜡⬉ ᎹϮ⌕ ᎹϮ⫳ѻ ၳ୲ڦऐࢅՎೕഗဣཥۉ Ꮖ᭄᳝㸼ᯢˈᎹϮ⫳ѻЁˈ⬉ᴎ⫼⬉䞣ऴࠄᎹϮ⫼⬉ᘏ䞣 ⱘ 60%DŽᦤ催⬉ᴎ㛑ᬜ䳔㽕㾷އϸϾ䞡㽕䯂乬˖ ᡔᴃৃҹᇚ㛑⑤ᤳ㗫ޣᇥ 1. ᇚ⬉㛑䕀࣪ЎᴎẄ㛑ⱘᬜ⥛ 30% ᦤ催ϔ㛑⑤ 2. ⌕㽕∖ⱘ᳝ᬜࡳ⥛ ᦤ催㛑⑤䖤䕧㋏㒳 ߽⫼⥛ 䰡Ԣ㒓䏃ᤳ㗫ˈᦤ ⱘᬜ㛑 ᦤ催➗᭭➗⚻ᬜ ܜ䖯⬉ᴎ˄ϔ㑻㛑ᬜ˅ⱘ㛑ᬜ↨བҞҡ✊ᑓ⊯Փ⫼ⱘӴ㒳ᡔ 催ব⬉キᬜ⥛ ᦤ催ѻ䞣 ϟˈ⬉ᴎ݊⫳ੑ਼ᳳݙ᠔⍜㗫ⱘމᴃ催དϾⱒߚ⚍DŽϔ㠀ᚙ ⥛ ҹϞˈ䡈Ѣℸˈ៥Ӏ㤤䌁ф催ס㛑⑤ 㛑⑤ᘏ៤ᴀ䕗䌁㕂៤ᴀ催ϔⱒ⫼ৃ 催ᬜⱘ⬉ᴎব乥఼ ᬜ㛑ѻકˈЎ݊ৃᖿ䗳ᬊಲᡩ䌘DŽ Փ⫼ব乥఼˄㛑䇗㡖⬉ᴎⱘ䗳ᑺᡁⶽ˅㛑䖒ࠄདⱘ㡖㛑 ᬜᵰDŽব乥఼䗮ᐌᚙމϟ㛑ᇚ㛑㗫䰡Ԣ 50% ҹϞˈᔧ✊ˈ㡖㛑 䖛 㠍㠊䖤䕧 ⬉ॖ ⬉㔥 䖛 ⬉ᴎ ᬜᵰӮᑨ⫼ϡৠ㗠᳝᠔ᏂᓖDŽ亢ᴎ⋉ㄝϡ㽕∖ܼ䗳䖤䕀ⱘ 㞾ࡼ࣪ ㅵ䘧䖤䕧 㞾ࡼ࣪ 䖤㸠 㞾ࡼ࣪ ব乥఼ ᚙމϟˈՓ⫼ব乥఼㛑䖒ࠄ᳔Շⱘ㡖㛑ᬜᵰDŽԚ⦄ⱘᚙމᰃˈ 䜡䖭⾡㺙㕂ⱘ⬉ᴎ᭄䞣䖬ϡࠄ 10%DŽ • ϔ㛑⑤˖⊍⇨䪏ǃᢑय़㓽ǃᓔ䞛䖤䕧㞾ࡼ࣪㾷 ܜ䖯ⱘ㡖㛑ᡔᴃܼ⧗ˈᇸ݊ᰃЁᢹ᳝Ꮌⱘᑨ⫼┰DŽ އᮍḜᐙᑺᦤ催њᎹᬜ⥛DŽ ៥Ӏᕜ催݈ഄⳟࠄˈЁᬓᑰᏆᇚᬜ㡖㛑㒇ܹℷᅲᮑⱘѨᑈ • 䖤䕧˖催ᬜ⍵䕂य़఼ഫ࣪㠅ᓣ䖯㋏㒳㛑ᐙ䰡 䅵ߦˈᑊϨᏆ㒣ࠊᅮњԧⳂᷛDŽ㡖ⳕϟⱘ㛑⑤ህᰃ᳔㓓ⱘ㛑⑤ˈ Ԣ㠍㠊ⱘ⊍㗫DŽ ᅗ⊼ᅮӮᏺᴹЄ८ಲʽ 40 ABB is a leader in energy-saving technology: minimal energy, maximum result! ABB’s energy-saving automation solutions support China’ VJRDOWREXLOGDUHVRXUFHHIÀFLHQWVRFLHW\ZKLOHLPSURYLQJ SURGXFWLYLW\)RULQIRUPDWLRQRQ$%%DQGLWVZRUOGOHDGLQJ SRZHUDQGDXWRPDWLRQWHFKQRORJLHVSOHDVHYLVLW: www.abb.com.cn 41 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ ĐTarget Grid Parity by 2010đ Solar energy will be a major energy source of the world, says Andreas Widl Interview, Fabian Gull Oerlikon is a company with more than ing the Display business unit in '04 and duces also the cost of having back ups. In a hundred years of history. A history of ‘05, Andreas Widl became Oerlikon's case you consider installing solar panels innovation, which just last year brought Asia president and is today heading the on your rooftop, you can easily check out forth a new independent business seg- companies global R&D activities as Ex- the light pattern for every location online ment - Oerlikon Solar. With locations in ecutive Vice President. The 42-year-old andrunacalculationofhowlongisitgo- Truebbach, Switzerland, and Singapore, physicist by education is married, has ing to take you to amortize the investment. Oerlikon produces high tech machinery two children, and lives in Shanghai. Overall, we expect massive changes to enabling its customers to manufacture happen in this ¿eld! silicon based thin-film solar modules. Andreas Widl, is solar energy the way To date, Oerlikon customers have pro- out of the global energy crisis? Sounds convincing. What can stop duced over 400,000 solar modules glo- It will de¿nitely be one important part of this development? bally. Oerlikon Solar's routes evolved the solution, yes. According to a forecast I see mainly three dif¿culties or challeng- from the Display Technology division, of the German Scienti¿c Advisory Board, es. One is the political side. Once you which was in a money burning turmoil and we share this view in principle, solar decide to massively invest in large solar back in 2004, followed by global restruc- energy is going to be the most important farms, a stable political and investment turing program with significant reduc- energy supplier of the world by 2100, a friendly environment should be given. tion of its workforce. But it was also the signi¿cant contribution is already expec- This is not always the case, namely, in time when the management had enough ted in 2050. So, long-term more important many sunny parts of the world in Africa, trust in a small group of solar entrepre- than nuclear energy and energy made of Latin America but also in Asia. neurs and decided to go for the solar gas, coal or oil. And the best thing about Also, there are still a couple of technol- business full force. Today, Oerlikon it: solar energy is an unlimited source of ogy hurdles to take, such as providing Solar is the strongest growing business energy. But the reality today is also that energy and storing energy. Because you of the Oerlikon group. Last years sales the share of solar energy to the global don't necessarily need the energy where were 309 Million Swiss Francs and this energy supply is still negligible. What also you produce it – storage is an issue. We year a turnover of around 700 Million works in favour of solar energy is the fact speak of "mobile energy" in this regard. Swiss Francs is expected in relation to that power supply needs to cover the And we have to increase energy ef¿- a group turnover of 5.6 Million Swiss consumption peaks during daytime when ciency on a global scale. If we overcome Franks (2007). After globally restructur- most of the energy is consumed. This re- these three challenges, and besides 42 ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story there is no alternative, then I am very USD/Wp by 2010 - which would be grid thin-¿lm amorphous silicon cells and also con¿dent. parity and a major break-through. At this exceeding the ef¿cieny of crystalline cells point, political subsidies would no longer in mentioned light conditions. The idea of solar energy has been be necessary. brought up by environmentalists al- Where are your clients located? ready decades ago. Why did it take so The sun is always shining. But the Mostly in Europe in countries like Ger- long to get recognition of the indus- weather is sometimes bad. many, Italy, Spain where subsidies are try? True. So speaking of Shanghai weather granted, but also in Taiwan & mainland I would say economies of scale are one or London fog for example, there comes China. America is still far behind. of the main reasons. You need a tipping an interesting new technology into play. point to leverage an existing technology In perfect, blue sky conditions, conven- How about solar energy in China? and apply it to mass markets. tional silicon crystal solar cells are highly China became the world's number one ef¿cient. But when the light is scattered supplier of solar modules in 2007– pro- How did the prices evolve? and diffused due to a foggy environment duction capacity wise. In 2006 they were From a manufacturing point of view – so dawn or sunset, the ef¿ciency goes down ranked third. But the domestic market called "Cost of Ownership" - a solar cell rapidly. The amorphous Silicon thin ¿lm in China is still very small and 98% of to produce 1 Wp (Watt peak) costs on PV solar cell could convert visible light the solar modules are exported. The average currently 1.5 USD. This is far into electricity independent of weather government is well aware of the potential beyond the goal: Grid parity! This means, conditions, We developed a new type of solar energy. Should the government that solar power can be fed into the pub- of solar cells, the so called "Mircomorph decide to really push solar energy for do- lic grid at the same price as provided by Tandem Cells". Our technology enables mestic use, the country will bene¿t from existing, non-renewable power sources, us to also capture the invisible infrared economies of scale effects one can just e.g. coal or nuclear. Our roadmap is to part of the sun spectrum, increasing ef- dream about in Europe! This will further decrease the cost of ownership to 0.7 ¿ciency by 50% compared to standard accelerate the development. 43 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ ೝॏฉྪđۉ݀ޚĐ2010ํ၄࠼ ዷᄲઠᇸڦAndreas Widlණྺᄞీॽׯྺ๘হీᇸ 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ ౹(Oerlikon)ᅃॆᆛᆶ100ܠ૦ 䰡ԢⳌᑨ䕙ࡽ䆒ⱘ៤ᴀDŽᏠᳯሟ乊ᅝ㺙 ⚁ǃḌ㛑ㄝথ⬉៤ᴀᣕᑇˈ៥ӀⱘⳂᷛᰃ ႎ૦๏๑ሞඁ 䰇㛑⬉∴ᵓⱘ⫼᠋া㽕㔥ϞẔ⌟Ͼഄ 2010ᑈᇚ៤ᴀ䰡Ԣࠄ↣ѻ⫳1Wp㛑䞣ظڦ๗ഓᄽLjڦ๏ ᅗᛣੇⴔ䙷ᯊ៥ˈܗህৃҹ䅵ㅫ䳔㽕Йৃҹᬊಲ ᯊা䳔㽕㢅䌍0.7㕢މ⢊✻ׯ૬କ౹ᄞీDŽOerlikon SolarDž ᮍⱘ᮹ ๚ᄽӱă౹ᄞీሞ๗ ᡩ䌘DŽᘏ㗠㿔Пˈ៥Ӏᳳᕙⴔ䖭Ͼ乚ඳᇚথ Ӏᅲ⦄њᑇӋϞ㔥ˈ䖭ᰃϔϾᎼⱘさڦኄ߲ႎ Truebbachࢅႎेೢย૬߾Ljྺਜ਼ ⫳ⱘᎼব࣪DŽ ⸈DŽࠄ䙷ᯊˈՓ⫼䰇㛑ᇚϡݡ䳔㽕ᬓᑰڦ ߛ ⱘ㸹䌈DŽڦఇۉࢽ༵ࠃิׂԋఈࡂᄞీ ૰Ljణമనၵᅺ໎ޜࣆདഐઠᆶຫڦే ਜ਼ࢽᅙሞڦरยԢăങৃྺኹLj౹ ཀഘփࣷጺࡻččڍLjڦቛ఼Ǜ ᄞ࠼ጺᆶ݀ڦఇă ࣷፆҹᄞీۉᄞీྤܠඇ൰ิׂକ40 ڣ౹ᄞీᇱံຕ၂๖ևோLjᆯᇀ ៥ⳟᴹЏ㽕᳝ϝᮍ䴶ⱘೄ䲒ᣥDŽ佪 ᰃⱘDŽВ՟ᴹ䇈ˈᇍѢϞ⍋ⱘ⇨ᰃ 2004ຕ၂๖ևோᄽजփၙLjᅺ ܜᰃᬓ⊏ᮍ䴶DŽϔᮺއᅮ㽕㾘ᡩ䌘ᓎ Ӻᬺ䙷ḋ䳒ⱘഄᮍˈ៥Ӏ᳝ᮄⱘᡔᴃDŽ ཞ 䗴䰇㛑Ꮉॖˈ〇ᅮⱘᬓ⊏ᡩ䌘⦃๗ᰃ ⇨᱈ᳫᯊˈӴ㒳ⱘ⸙䰇㛑⬉∴ᰃڍഄևோႜକඇ൰ዘፇࢅᇵLjܔُ ᄞీ ᕜ䞡㽕ⱘDŽ䖭ϔ⚍ᕔᕔᕜ䲒ᕫࠄ⒵䎇ˈϡ कߚ催ᬜⱘˈԚᰃ䳒ǃ᮹ߎ᮹㨑ⱘڟ࠶֫ደॷᅪ๎ڦևோࢅणཷ้ Ӯথᬷˈ䰇㛑⬉∴ⱘᬜ⥛Ⳍᑨܝˈ䎇ⱘ䴲⌆ᢝϕ㕢⌆ˈѮ⌆ ᯊܙ✻ഄ݀ቛ؊႑႐Ljᅺُਦۨඇ૰݀ቛ ҙ᮹ܔժ ᄞీăৃཀLj౹ᄞీ౹ण г᳝䖭ḋⱘ䯂乬DŽ ᐙϟ䰡DŽ㗠ᢹ᳝䴲⸙㭘㝰ⱘ䰇㛑⬉ ܝϟᡞ䰇މᄬᮍ䴶䖬ᄬᡔᴃ ∴ৃҹϡফ⇨ᕅડⱘᚙټၨ ˈ㛑⑤ᦤկڦᄽခևோăඁڦሺፌტཷ ⾡䕀࣪DŽৠᯊ៥Ӏⷨথњϔܝ䈅ⱘৃ㾕ܝ ᆶྭ 䱰DŽ⬅Ѣ䳔㽕㛑⑤ⱘഄᮍϡϔᅮ⫳ѻܮᆐᄽڦ3.09ᅢ๗݆વLjৃܮ ⬉ᄬ㛑⑤ህᰃϾ䯂乬DŽ䖭 㹿⿄ЎĀᖂ䴲ሖᓣāⱘᮄൟ䰇㛑ټˈຕ 㛑⑤ⱘഄᮍܔ7ᅢ๗݆વăሞ2004ࢅ2005ڟٳ ˈ䈅ܝⱘ䖥㑶㒓ܝձ๗ ⚍Ϟ៥ӀᦤⱘᰃĀৃ⿏ࡼ㛑⑤āDŽ᳔ ∴ˈ݊ৃҹᬊ䰇ڤ၂๖ևோႜඇ൰ዘፇࢫLj࿊Ҿ 䴲⸙㭘㝰⬉∴Ⳍ↨ᬜ⥛ᦤ催њޚDr. Andreas Widl)༵ืྺ౹ჱዞ൶ ৢˈ៥Ӏ䳔㽕ܼ⧗㣗ೈݙᦤ催㛑⑤䕀ᤶ Ϣᷛ) ϟⱘ✻ܝ᳡䖭ϝϾᣥˈ㗠Ϩ 50%ˈ݊ᬜ⥛ৠᯊг㽕↨ℷᐌܟඪඇ൰ჺ݀ևோኴႜޭ ᬜ⥛DŽབᵰ៥Ӏ㛑څጺLjణമཞ้ ձ๗၄42 ≵᳝݊Ҫ᳓ҷ⠽ˈ៥ᇍ䰇㛑ⱘᴹথሩ ԧ⬉∴ᬜ⥛㽕催DŽڤ࿊Ҿڦጺăวྺბॆ ⒵ֵᖗDŽܙ Ljᇑጱࢅଇ߲࡚ጱᅃഐิऄሞฉ࡛ă ݛǛںਜ਼ࢽዷᄲሞనၵڦ்ే ձ๗Ljᄞీਦඇ൰ీᇸླऐ बๆമ࣍ԍბኁ৽ᅙঢ়༵କ๑ᆩᄞ ៥Ӏⱘᅶ᠋᳝ᬓᑰ㸹䌈ⱘᆊˈབڤ࿊Ҿ Ljྺ๊ࢾକኄ้क़ᄞీ ᖋǃᛣ߽㽓⧁⠭ˈৄഄऎҹঞ݆ၙڦీ ୟǛڦ ණཞ఼Ǜ Ё䰚г᳝DŽⳂࠡ㕢䖬≵᳝DŽڦට்ڟڥ㛑⑤ॅᴎⱘߎ䏃 ֍⧗ܼއᰃⱘˈ䰇㛑ᰃ㾷 ПϔDŽḍᖋ⾥ᄺ乒䯂ྨਬӮⱘ乘⌟ˈ ៥䅸Ў㾘㒣⌢ᰃϔϾЏ㽕ⱘॳˈᇍ⦄ ࠄ2050ᑈ䰇㛑Ӯবᕫ䴲ᐌ䞡㽕ˈࠄ2100 ᳝ᡔᴃⱘᑓᑨ⫼ᘏᰃ䳔㽕ϔϾⲜ߽⚍ ዐࡔሞᆌᆩᄞీݛ௬݀ቛසࢆǛ ᑈˈ䰇㛑ᇚ៤ЎϪ⬠᳔䞡㽕ⱘ㛑⑤ˈ៥Ӏ ᴹ㾺থDŽ 2007ᑈˈЁҢ2006ᑈⱘϪ⬠ϝ ԧϞгৠᛣ䖭⾡㾖⚍DŽЎϔ⾡⫼Пϡሑ 䰇㛑⬉∴ഫկᑨଚϔ䎗៤Ўϔˈ ఼Ǜ ᳝ᕜᔎⱘ⫳ѻ㛑DŽԚᰃЁݙⱘᏖഎڦॏ߭සࢆ݀ቛՎࣅׂิڦⱘ㛑⑤ˈҢ䭓ᳳᴹⳟˈ䰇㛑ᇚবᕫ↨Ḍ㛑 ᄞీ ҹঞᴹ㞾≑⊍ǃ✸⚁⊍ⱘ㛑⑤䛑䞡 Ңࠊ䗴Ϯⱘ㾦ᑺᴹⳟü᠔䇧ⱘĀ⫳ѻⱘऩ 䖬ᕜᇣˈ98%ⱘ䰇㛑⬉∴ഫߎষࠄ 㽕DŽሑㅵⳂࠡ䰇㛑Ϫ⬠㛑⑤կ㒭Ёⱘ↨ ԡ៤ᴀāüᑇഛ㢅䌍1.5㕢ܗৃҹՓϔഫ DŽᬓᑰᕜњ㾷䰇㛑ⱘ┰ˈϔᮺᬓᑰ ՟ҡᰃᖂТ݊ᖂDŽ䰇㛑ⱘϔ⚍ད໘ᰃˈ 䰇㛑⬉∴ѻ⫳1Wpⱘ㛑䞣DŽ䖭⾏៥Ӏ ܼࡼݙ䰇㛑ⱘՓ⫼ˈ㾘㒣⌢ᇚ ᮹䯈㛑⑤⍜㗫催ዄᳳ䳔㽕䞣ⱘ㛑⑤ˈ ⱘⳂᷛ˄ᑇӋϞ㔥˅ᕜ䖰ˈᑇӋϞ㔥ᣛ ЎЁᏺᴹབ⌆㠀ⱘད໘ʽ䖭ᇚ䖯ϔ 䖭Ͼ䯂乬DŽৠᯊᅗгৃҹ 䰇㛑থ⬉៤ᴀϢ⦄᳝ⱘϡৃݡ⫳㛑⑤བ✸ ℹࡼ䰇㛑ⱘথሩDŽއ䰇㛑ৃҹ䕏ᵒ㾷 44 ހ௬ࠤ๚ Cover Story China’s Pharma Industry SettoTakeOff Academia-industry partnerships to propel innovation By Annette Ryser. She leads a research project on the biopharmaceutical innovation system in Shanghai in collabo- ration with CH-ina (Shanghai), Swissnex Shanghai and the University of Geneva. n the global landscape of the pharma- Shanghai - China's biotech hub ceutical industry, China has a poor record. Many of these new innovation- or service-oriented com- None of the major drugs sold on the world panies are concentrated in Shanghai, where the country's ¿rst Imarket have been developed in China. biopharmaceutical cluster has emerged. With a stable annual In fact, the Chinese pharmaceutical industry growth rate of 15% - 20% and revenues accounting for approxi- is far better known for its fake drug scandals mately 10% of the national total in this sector, Shanghai's phar- than for its achievements. Today, China repre- maceutical industry ranks in a top position in China. sents less than 3% of the world's total pharmaceutical market Today, Zhangjiang High-tech Park located in Pudong Dis- and about 95% of the drugs manufactured in China are gener- trict alone hosts more than 350 companies in the life science ics. Novel drug discovery and development are still relatively sector, with over 60 CROs and about 20 international and new to China, as Chinese pharmaceutical companies used to domestic R&D centers. Approximately 70% of the companies only manufacture generics until 1992, due to insuf¿cient patent located in Zhangjiang's life science cluster are start-ups in bio- protection for drugs and chemical compounds. technology, chemical drugs, traditional Chinese medicine and Yet, China's drug industry has been undergoing fundamen- medical devices. Being one of Shanghai's six key industries, tal changes over the past 10 years. The generic drug manufac- the pharmaceutical industry has been strongly fostered by the turers have been complemented by an increasing number of municipal government through heavy, long-term investment and biotech and pharmaceutical ¿rms who engage in research and supportive policies for R&D and entrepreneurship. new drug development. Similarly to Western countries, albeit at "Start-ups are the key driver for cluster development", ex- a greater pace, China has also seen the emergence of contract plains Hu Zhigang, Technical Director at Shanghai Pharma En- research organizations (CROs). Offering R&D services on a gine, a government-invested incubator in Zhangjiang High-tech contractual basis not only presents a less risky entry point to Park. Serving as a platform for the launch of the early stage companies, but also allows them to generate short-term rev- local biotech industry, Shanghai Pharma Engine provides start- enues in a still immature venture capital environment. ups with laboratory facilities and equipment, CRO services, as 45 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ well as support and consultation for investment and ¿nancing. Western countries. Since its establishment in 2004, Shanghai Pharma Engine has Chinese professors commonly lack the industrial understanding successfully incubated more than 50 start-up companies, most and business mindset necessary to put their research achievements of them run by returnees. into practice. According to voices from the industry, professors in the ¿HOGRIOLIHVFLHQFHVGRQRWVKRZJUHDWLQWHUHVWLQWUDQVIRUPLQJWKHLU Favorable environment VFLHQWL¿FGLVFRYHULHVLQWRDSKDUPDFHXWLFDOSURGXFW0XFKPRUHLP- Over several years, a favorable environment for phar- portant for them is the achievement of peer recognition through the maceutical R&D has been created in Shanghai that has not SXEOLFDWLRQRIVFLHQWL¿FSDSHUV only spurred domestic industrial innovation, but also attracted 7RGD\RQO\6KDQJKDL¶VPRVWUHQRZQHGLQVWLWXWLRQVLQWKH¿HOG overseas Chinese, along with the world's pharmaceutical gi- such as the Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences (SIBS), the ants. Noteworthy is the fact that since 2004, when the ¿rst for- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), or Fudan Uni- eign pharmaceutical R&D center in China was established by versity, have a pro-active technology transfer system in place with Roche in Zhangjiang High-tech Park, most of the big players in HQRXJKTXDOL¿HGSHRSOHWRSURSHUO\HYDOXDWHWKHFRPPHUFLDOSRWHQ- the ¿eld such as Novartis, GSK, P¿zer and AstraZeneca have tial of inventions, monitor industrial R&D needs and seek potential set up an R&D unit in Shanghai. It is the advantages of an im- licensees or collaboration partners. mense emerging economy combined with those of a modern knowledge-based society in a vibrant metropolis that make "Run as administrative units" Shanghai an internationally attractive R&D location in the phar- “The problem is that many science and technology divisions maceutical sector (see box). DQGWHFKQRORJ\WUDQVIHURI¿FHVDUHUXQDVDQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHXQLW´ For Roche – the ¿rst multinational to bring its whole skill-set H[SODLQV*RUGRQ=RQJ'LUHFWRURIWKH7HFKQRORJ\7UDQVIHU2I¿FH in both drug discovery and development to China – the long-term of SIBS. Rather than focusing on the quality and marketability of R&D commitment to Shanghai is clearly based on the potential of intellectual property, for instance, universities and research institutes human capital. “If we came here just to take advantage of the large have been vying for the number of patents. As a result, the vast number of patients in China and for the market size, we wouldn’t majority of patents are never transferred to the industry; they just need such a big investment. Our primary motivation is the amount of ¿QGWKHLUZD\LQWRWKHVWDWLVWLFV&KHQ*XRTLDQJ9LFH'HDQRIWKH local talents we can incorporate into the global R&D process”, says 0HGLFDO6FKRRORI6KDQJKDL-LDRWRQJ8QLYHUVLW\FRQ¿UPVWKHQHHG Rae Yuan, Head of the Roche Global Pharma Development Center IRUEHWWHUTXDOL¿HGSHUVRQQHO ³7KHEULGJHEHWZHHQXQLYHUVLWLHVDQG in China. Having spent many years abroad before coming back to the pharmaceutical industry is not strong enough, but we are con- China, Yuan adds: “I have been really impressed with how fast the sidering the recruitment of new talent to increase the value of our young Chinese scientists and staff learn, and the high degree of research results”. commitment and the hunger to grow.” At present, collaboration between academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies is mainly focused on clinical trials in Committed government XQLYHUVLW\DI¿OLDWHGKRVSLWDOVZKLFKLVDJLYHQLQWKHGUXJGHYHORS- Fuelled by the government’s strong commitment to life sci- ment process. Cooperation in drug discovery research is far less HQFHVDQGDVWURQJLQÀX[RIUHWXUQHHVIURPWKH:HVW6KDQJKDL¶V developed overall – at least as far as the domestic pharmaceutical academic institutions have been able to move towards the forefront enterprises are concerned. Multinational pharmaceutical compa- RIVFLHQFHLQDIHZUHVHDUFK¿HOGVOLNHSURWHRPLFVRUJHQRPLFVDQG nies, by contrast, are quite strongly engaged in R&D collaborations today harbour great potential to improve the innovative capabilities with universities and research institutes in Shanghai. of the local pharmaceutical industry. For historical reasons, however, Chinese academic institutions have generally few links to the in- Lack of interaction dustry and are little experienced in technology transfer compared to Allan Liu, Business Development Director of the large Chinese 46 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story pharmaceutical group Fosun Pharma, attributes this lack of interac- multinational pharmaceutical companies is not new, their way of tion to China’s poor record in the pharmaceutical realm. “Since Chi- interaction has experienced a shift from a predominantly transac- nese pharmaceutical companies are not so experienced in drug dis- tional model towards a more cooperative model of collaboration covery, they are not so connected to basic research”, Liu explains. in recent years. Research institutes like the Shanghai Institute of The reason behind domestic enterprises' general disinterest Materia Medica, for example, grew from mere suppliers of natural in early stage pharmaceutical research is two-fold: Firstly, they lack compounds to attractive cooperation partners of the big pharma. WKHUHTXLUHGFDSDELOLWLHVWRWUDQVIRUPVFLHQWL¿FDFKLHYHPHQWVIURP Multinational companies’ strong interest in cooperating with Chi- early drug discovery research into a product. Secondly, managers of nese academic partners is not only based on the local institutions’ large Chinese drug companies are typically little motivated to build increasingly valuable resources, but also on their similar research up their R&D capabilities, as they do not attach much importance interests. to original innovation. "Most Chinese pharmaceutical leaders make Of particular importance is also the relationship-building aspect money because they have good opportunities in late stage drug de- of R&D partnerships. Only with their integration into the local aca- velopment, manufacturing, and marketing", Liu maintains. Based on demic community and the establishment of long-term relations with this mindset, R&D personnel are not necessarily considered as key outstanding universities and research institutes, can foreign R&D people and are therefore not given reasonable compensation and centers access China’s large, much sought-after pool of highly-qual- opportunities. “A marketing director, for example, can easily get paid L¿HGVFLHQWLVWVDQGVXFFHVVIXOO\FUHDWHDVXVWDLQDEOHWDOHQWSLSHOLQH three times the salary of a head of R&D”, acknowledges Liu. “The academic world can learn a lot in terms of new techno- For companies with advanced R&D capabilities like Fosun logy, research approaches and concepts through R&D cooperation Pharma, however, the main barrier to exploiting the knowledge and with multinational pharmaceutical companies”, says Liu Songkai technologies from universities and research institutes is the lack of from the China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Co., Ltd. technology assessment managers. As also experienced by Shang- which recently set up a joint lab on liver cancer research with Fudan hai’s leading academic institutions, multidisciplinary professionals University. “The establishment of successful partnerships is much ZKRDUHDEOHWRHYDOXDWHQHZWHFKQRORJLHVDUHYHU\GLI¿FXOWWR¿QG HDVLHUZKHQERWKVLGHVFDQ\LHOGVLJQL¿FDQWEHQH¿WV´KHDGGV Innovation-driven Chinese start-ups Outlook Innovation-driven Chinese start-ups, instead, tend to have While multinational pharmaceutical giants have been taking the closer relations to the local academic community. Due to entrepre- lead in tapping the potential of China’s academic institutions, domes- QHXUV¶LQWHJUDWLRQLQWKHVFLHQWL¿FV\VWHPORFDOVWDUWXSFRPSDQLHV tic enterprises are forging ahead as well. Rae Yuan expects China’s frequently engage in informal interactions with academics and at- domestic innovative drug sector to grow very fast and continuously, tend conferences and meetings. “This creates a stimulating environ- along with a process of consolidation in the generics manufacturing ment for drug discovery and development and helps you to learn industry. “I think you will see a lot more innovative products coming DERXWWKHQHZHVWVFLHQWL¿FDQGWHFKQRORJLFDODFKLHYHPHQWV´VD\V out of China in the next 10 – 15 years”, she says. “Successful Chi- Wu Jun, co-founder of the drug discovery and development com- nese pharmaceutical companies are now also realizing that original pany Shanghai Genomics. research is essential. So they are going to work closer with universi- 5 'FROODERUDWLRQVKRZHYHUDUHTXLWHGLI¿FXOWWRHVWDEOLVKDV ties, interact more with Western companies, and push the recruit- VWDUWXSVXVXDOO\ODFNWKH¿QDQFLDOUHVRXUFHVWRPDNHULVN\ORQJWHUP ment of talented people”, predicts Wu Jun from Shanghai Genom- investments in basic research. “For the local companies, it’s very dif- ics. ¿FXOWWRJHWDGHFHQWUHVXOWIURPHDUO\VWDJHGUXJGLVFRYHU\UHVHDUFK “Although Chinese pharmaceutical companies still have quite Even if universities invent something very novel, it still takes a long weak relations to basic research results, they are now gradually time for you to develop a product”, explains Wu. moving up the value chain towards lead identification and optimi- For this reason, existing R&D collaborations between academic zation” observes Allan Liu. “China still has a long way to go in the institutions and the domestic pharmaceutical industry are basically drug discovery system, but overseas scholars returning to China driven by government funding. Shanghai Genomics, for example, is FDQVXSSOHPHQWWKHVHGH¿FLHQFLHV´KHFRQFOXGHV$FRXQWU\ZKHUH LQYROYHGLQUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVRQGUXJWDUJHWLGHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGFRP- higher education, scientific research and the industry have been pound discovery with prestigious local research institutes such as strictly separated for decades, the gap between academic research the Chinese National Genome Center at Shanghai and the Shang- and industrial R&D in China is still large, but the construction of the hai Institute of Materia Medica under SIBS within the scope of the bridge from both ends is under way – and setting the stage for new central government’s “863 High-tech Program”. opportunities of innovation. Nevertheless, academia-industry cooperation is not limited to product development. A very common form of cooperation between Shanghai’s locational advantages for local start-ups and universities are educational partnerships that al- biopharmaceutical R&D low students to be trained in advanced research techniques in an industrial setting, and provide companies the opportunity to recruit • Rapidly expanding market potential given the sheer size of highly-skilled scientists. In the case of Shanghai Genomics, students China's population and unmet medical needs have the chance to pursue a PhD from Shanghai Jiaotong Univer- • Large patient pool sity while working with the company. • Cost advantages • Increasing talent pool in life sciences Big pharma seeking R&D cooperation • Favorable ¿nancial environment While collaboration between Chinese academic institutes and 47 Cover Story ހ௬ࠤ๚ ዐࡔᄱႜᄽᄙ݉ഔࡵ ႎظۯࢇፕअӵ࠲ဣླྀڦბຍহᇑᄽহ 㗙˖Annette Ryser ܼ⧗ࠊ㥃㸠ϮᴹⳟˈЁ䍋ℹ䕗ᰮˈᅲϡᔎDŽܼ⧗ 䘧DŽЎᴀഄ⫳⠽ᡔᴃ㸠ϮᮽᳳⱘਃࡼᑇৄˈϞ⍋ᓴ∳㥃䈋Ў߯ ᏖഎϞ䫔ଂⱘЏ㽕㥃કЁ≵᳝ϔℒᰃЁⷨࠊᓔথ Ϯ݀ৌᦤկњᅲ偠ᅸ䆒ᮑϢ䆒ǃCRO ᳡ࡵҹঞᡩ䌘Ϣ㵡䌘ᮍ 㥃ϥ䯏ⱘⶹৡᑺ䖰䖰䍙ߎ 䴶ⱘᬃᣕ䆶DŽ㞾 2004 ᑈ៤ゟҹᴹˈϞ⍋ᓴ∳㥃䈋Ꮖ៤ࡳᅉ؛ⱘDŽџᅲϞˈЁࠊ㥃㸠Ϯ Ң݊៤ህDŽҞˈЁᭈϾܼ⧗ࠊ㥃ᏖഎϞऴⱘӑ乱 ࣪њ 50 ᆊ߯Ϯ݀ৌˈ݊Ё᭄݀ৌ⬅⍋ᔦҎ䖤㧹DŽ ϡࠄ 3%ˈ㗠Ё⫳ѻⱘ㥃કЁˈ㑺᳝ 95% ሲѢ䴲ϧ߽㥃કDŽ ࣍ৣڦᮄ㥃ⱘথ⦄ϢথᯢᇍЁ㗠㿔ҡ✊ᰃⳌᇍጁᮄⱘ乚ඳˈЎⳈ㟇 ᆶ૧ 1992 ᑈˈЁⱘࠊ㥃ӕϮ䛑дᛃѢ⫳ѻ䴲ϧ߽㥃કˈ㗠ᇐ㟈䖭 ᑈᴹˈϞ⍋Ꮖ㒣䗤ℹᔶ៤њ㥃કⷨথⱘ᳝߽⦃๗ˈϡҙ ϔ㒧ᵰⱘॳᰃᇍ㥃કϢ࣪ᄺ៤ߚⱘϧֱ߽ᡸϡ䎇DŽ ࡼњݙ㸠Ϯⱘ߯ᮄˈৠᯊгᓩњ䇌⍋ढռҹঞܼ⧗ࠊ㥃 ✊㗠ˈ䖛এ 10 ᑈᴹЁⱘࠊ㥃㸠ϮᏆথ⫳њḍᴀᗻⱘব࣪DŽ Ꮌ༈DŽؐᕫ⊼ᛣⱘᰃˈ㞾 2004 ᑈ㔫⇣ᓴ∳催⾥ᡔುऎ៤ゟЁ 䴲ϧ߽㥃ક⫳ѻଚᏆ㹿䍞ᴹ䍞ҢџⷨおϢᮄ㥃ᓔথⱘ⫳⠽⾥ᡔ 佪Ͼࠊ㥃ⷨথЁᖗҹᴹˈ䖭ϔ乚ඳݙⱘ᭄Ꮌ༈˄䇌བ Ϣࠊ㥃ӕϮ᠔㸹ܙDŽϢ㽓ᮍᆊ㉏Ԑ˄㱑✊݊থሩ䗳ᑺⳌᇍ䕗ᖿ˅ˈ 䇎ढǃ㨯݄㋴ܟǃ䕝⨲䰓ᮃ߽ᒋㄝ˅㒋㒋Ϟ⍋៤ゟⷨথ䚼 Ёг⍠⦄њϔᡍড়ৠⷨお㒘㒛˄CRO˅DŽড়㑺ⱘ⸔Ϟᦤ 䮼DŽ⫳ᴎⱘᮄ㒣⌢ӬϢ⌏ಯᇘⱘ䛑Ꮦ᠔⡍᳝ⱘ⦄ҷⶹ կⷨথ᳡ࡵϡҙЎ݀ৌᦤկњϔϾ亢䰽䕗ᇣⱘ䖯ܹ⚍ˈৠᯊгՓ 䆚⼒Ӯⱘ⇯ೈˈՓϞ⍋៤Ўࠊ㥃㸠Ϯ乛䰙ᓩⱘⷨথ᠔ 䖭ѯ݀ৌ㛑ϔϾᇮ៤❳ⱘ亢䰽ᡩ䌘⦃๗Ё㦋ᕫⷁᳳᬊⲞDŽ ഄ˄খ㾕ᮍḚ˅DŽ ᆫںڦरຍዐ႐ ฉ࡛ሞิᄱჺ݀ଶᇘิڦฉ࡛ĊĊዐࡔ Ўݙ佪Ͼ⫳⠽ࠊ㥃䲚㕸ⱘথ⼹ഄˈϞ⍋䲚㘮њ䇌ܼᮄ • ЁҎষⱘ㒱ᇍ㾘Ϣᇮ⒵䎇ⱘए⭫䳔∖䌟ќњᏖഎ 䖙䗳 ⱘ߯ᮄ᳡ࡵᇐൟ݀ৌDŽϞ⍋ⱘࠊ㥃㸠Ϯҹ↣ᑈ 15% ̚ 20% ᠽሩⱘ┰ ⱘ䗳ᑺ〇ℹ䭓ˈᬊܹऴࠄܼࠊ㥃㸠Ϯᘏ乱ⱘ 10% Ꮊেˈᰃ • ᑲⱘᙷ㗙㕸ԧ Ёࠊ㥃㸠Ϯⱘ㖬ἮDŽ • ៤ᴀӬ ټⳂࠡˈԡѢ⌺ϰᮄऎⱘᓴ∳催⾥ᡔುऎ㒇њ 350 ᆊ⫳ • ϡᮁࡴⱘ⫳ੑ⾥ᄺҎᠡ ੑ⾥ᄺ乚ඳⱘӕϮˈ݊Ё᳝ 60 Ͼ CRO ҹঞ 20 Ͼ䰙Ϣ • ᳝߽ⱘ䞥㵡⦃๗ ݙⷨথЁᖗDŽᓴ∳⫳ੑ⾥ᄺ䲚㕸ݙ㑺᳝ 70% ⱘ݀ৌᰃ⫳⠽ᡔᴃǃ • থሩ㡃དϨᅝܼৃ䴴ⱘ⸔䆒ᮑ ࣪ᄺ㥃કǃЁ㥃ҹঞए⭫䆒乚ඳⱘ߯Ϯ݀ৌDŽࠊ㥃㸠ϮᰃϞ⍋ ⱘ݁㸠ϮПϔˈϞ⍋ᬓᑰᏆ䗮䖛ᇍⷨথϢ߯Ϯ⌏ࡼⱘ䭓ᳳ ᇍѢ㔫⇣䖭Ͼ佪ᆊᇚ㥃કথ⦄Ϣথᯢ乚ඳⱘᭈ༫ᡔᴃᏺࠄЁ ᡩ䌘ϢᡊᣕᬓㄪЎࠊ㥃㸠Ϯᦤկњᔎ᳝ⱘᬃᣕϢࡼDŽ ⱘ䎼݀ৌ㗠㿔ˈᇍϞ⍋ⱘ䭓ᳳⷨথᡓ䇎ᰒ✊ᓎゟҎ䌘ᴀ Ā߯Ϯ݀ৌᰃ䲚㕸থሩⱘ݇䬂偅ࡼāˈԡѢᓴ∳催⾥ᡔುऎ ⱘ┰ПϞDŽĀབᵰ៥Ӏᴹࠄ䖭䞠াᰃЎњ߽⫼Ё᭄䞣ᑲⱘ ⱘᬓᑰᡩ䌘ᅉ࣪ഄüüϞ⍋ᓴ∳㥃䈋ⱘᡔᴃᘏⲥ㚵ᖫ߮㾷䞞 ᙷ㗙ҹঞᏖഎⱘ㾘ˈ៥Ӏ᮴䳔䖯㸠བℸ催乱ⱘᡩ䌘DŽ៥Ӏⱘ᳔ 48 ހ௬ࠤ๚! Cover Story ߱ࡼᴎᴹ⑤ѢϞ⍋ᴀഄⱘҎᠡ᭄䞣ˈᛣᇚ݊ᭈড়ࠄܼ⧗ⷨথ⌕ ⱘ߯Ϯ݀ৌ乥㐕ҟܹϢᄺᴃ⬠ⱘ䴲ℷᓣѦࡼᔧЁˈᑊখϢϔѯӮ ᔧЁDŽā㔫⇣㥃કᓔথЁЁᖗ䋳䋷Ҏॳ⨲ढབᰃ䇈DŽཌྷ䖬㸹 䆂ϢӮ䇜DŽĀ䖭Ў㥃કথ⦄Ϣᓔথ㧹䗴њϔϾ᳝▔ࢅᗻⱘ⦃๗ˈ ܙ䘧˖ĀЁᑈ䕏⾥ᄺᆊϢਬᎹᖿ䗳ᄺдⱘ㛑ǃ催ᑺⱘᡓ䇎ҹ ᑊϨᐂࡽӕϮњ㾷᳔ᮄⱘ⾥ⷨϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰDŽāᮄൟⱘ㥃કথ⦄Ϣ ঞᇍথሩⱘ␈ᳯ㒭៥⬭ϟњकߚ⏅ࠏⱘॄ䈵DŽā ᓔথ݀ৌüüϞ⍋ⵓ᯳ᡔᴃ᳝䰤݀ৌⱘ㘨ড়߯ྟҎਈ偣བܜ ⫳ᰃ䇈DŽ አު ✊㗠ˈⷨথᮍ䴶ⱘড়݇㋏ᕜ䲒ᓎゟˈЎ߯Ϯ݀ৌᐌᐌ㔎ڦඇ൧ཨ ᬓᑰᇍ⫳ੑ⾥ᄺⱘᔎᡓ䇎ⱘࡼПϟˈ䱣ⴔ㽓ᮍᆊ⍋ Уᇍ⸔ⷨお䖯㸠ݦ䰽ᗻ䭓ᳳᡩ䌘ⱘ䌘䞥ᴹ⑤DŽĀᇍѢᴀഄ݀ৌ ⬭ᄺҎਬⱘ䞣⍠ܹˈϞ⍋ⱘᄺᴃᴎᵘᏆ㛑㲟ⱑ䋼㒘ᄺ 㗠㿔ˈᕜ䲒Ңᮽᳳ㥃કথ⦄ⷨおЁ㦋ᕫԧ䴶ⱘⲜ߽DŽेՓ催᷵থ 㒘ᄺㄝϔѯⷨお乚ඳ䍄⾥ᄺⱘ᳔ࠡ⊓ˈᑊϨ㪘⿃њ䞣ⱘ ᯢњϔѯकߚᮄ乪ⱘϰ㽓ˈӕϮҡ䳔㗫䌍䞣ᯊ䯈ᓔথϔϾѻ ┰ҹᔎᴀഄࠊ㥃㸠Ϯⱘ߯ᮄ㛑DŽ✊㗠ˈߎѢϔѯग़ॳˈ કDŽāਈ㾷䞞䘧DŽ ϟϢϮ⬠ⱘ㘨㋏ϡˈ㗠ϨϢ㽓ᮍᆊ ℸˈᄺᴃᴎᵘϢݙࠊ㥃㸠ϮП䯈᮶᳝ⱘⷨথড়݇㋏ЏމЁⱘᄺᴃᴎᵘ䗮ᐌᚙ Ⳍ↨ˈ݊ᡔᴃ䕀࣪ᮍ䴶ⱘ㒣偠г䕗Ў㔎УDŽ 㽕ᰃ䴴ᬓᑰ㵡䌘ᴹࡼⱘDŽВ՟ᴹ䇈ˈϞ⍋ⵓ᯳ᡔᴃ᳝䰤݀ ЁⱘᬭᥜӀ䗮ᐌᑊϡᇚ݊ⷨお៤ᵰҬ䇌ᅲ䏉᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ ৌϢᔧഄѿ᳝ໄ䁝ⱘⷨおᴎᵘ˄䇌བЁ༂ᬓᑰĀ863 催⾥ᡔ䅵ߦā 㸠Ϯ⧚㾷ϢଚϮᗱ㓈DŽҢ㸠Ϯ㾖⚍ᴹⳟˈ⫳ੑ⾥ᄺ乚ඳⱘᬭᥜӀ 㣗⭈ݙⱘЁᆊ㒘Ϟ⍋ⷨおЁᖗˈҹঞϞ⍋⫳ੑ⾥ᄺⷨお ᑊᇍᇚ݊⾥ⷨথ⦄䕀࣪Ў㥃ક㸼⦄ߎᕜⱘ݈䍷DŽᇍҪӀ㗠㿔 䰶᮫ϟⱘϞ⍋㥃⠽᠔˅݅ৠখϢњ㥃⠽䵊ᷛ䡈ᅮϢ࣪ড়⠽থ⦄ⱘ 䞡㽕ⱘᰃ䗮䖛⾥ᄺ䆎᭛䲚ⱘߎ⠜থ㸠ᴹ䌶ᕫৠ㸠ⱘ䅸ৃDŽ ⷨお乍ⳂDŽ ᯊ㟇Ҟ᮹ˈгা᳝䖭ϔ乚ඳݙϞ⍋᳔ⶹৡⱘϔѯᴎᵘˈབϞ ሑㅵབℸˈᄺᴃ⬠ϢϮ⬠П䯈ⱘড়ᑊϡҙ䰤ѢѻકⱘᓔথDŽ ⍋⫳ੑ⾥ᄺⷨお䰶˄SIBS˅ǃϞ⍋ए㥃ᎹϮⷨお䰶˄SIPI˅㗙 ᴀഄ߯Ϯ݀ৌϢ催᷵П䯈ⱘϔ⾡कߚᐌ㾕ⱘড়ᔶᓣ֓ᰃᬭ㚆ড় ᮺᄺㄝˈᢹ᳝Џࡼⱘᡔᴃ䕀࣪㋏㒳ˈᑊ⬅ܙ䎇ⱘヺড়䌘䋼ⱘ ݇㋏ˈे䅽ᄺ⫳㛑ϔ⾡㸠Ϯ㚠᱃ϟফܜ䖯ⷨおᡔᴃⱘ Ҏਬড়⧚䆘ԄথᯢⱘଚϮ┰ǃⲥ㸠Ϯⱘⷨথ䳔∖ˈᑊᇏ∖┰ 䆁ˈᑊЎ݀ৌᦤկࢳ催ᡔ㛑⾥ᄺᎹ㗙ⱘᴎӮDŽህϞ⍋ⵓ᯳ ⱘᡔᴃᓩ䖯ᮍড়ӭԈDŽ ᡔᴃ᳝䰤݀ৌ㗠㿔ˈᄺ⫳㛑᳝ᴎӮЎ݀ৌᎹⱘৠᯊᬏ䇏 Ϟ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺⱘमᄺԡDŽ ࿋ਸቛሏᆐđڇĐፕྺႜአ ႙ᄱഓᄽლ൱ჺ݀ࢇፕٷ Ā䯂乬Ѣ䇌⾥ᡔ䚼䮼Ϣᡔᴃ䕀࣪ࡲ݀ᅸЎ㸠ᬓऩԡᓔ ሩ䖤㧹āˈSIBS ᡔᴃ䕀࣪ࡲ݀ᅸЏӏ Gordon Zong 㾷䞞䘧DŽВ ЁᄺᴃᴎᵘϢ䎼ࠊ㥃ӕϮП䯈ⱘড়Ꮖϡݡᮄ剰ˈ䖥ᑈ ՟ᴹ䇈ˈ催᷵Ϣⷨおᴎᵘህϧ߽ⱘ᭄䞣ሩᓔゲѝˈ㗠ϡᰃ݇⊼ⶹ ᴹˈঠᮍП䯈ⱘѦࡼᓣгҢᰒ㨫ⱘⳌѦᕅડᓣ䗤ℹ䕀࣪Ў 䆚ѻᴗⱘ䋼䞣ϢᏖഎ䳔∖⢊މDŽℸˈ䞣ϧ߽Ң䕀࣪ࠄϮ⬠ˈ 䍟णⱘড়ᓣDŽ 㗠ҙҙ㹿ܹ߫㒳䅵䌘᭭ПЁDŽϞ⍋Ѹ䗮ᄺएᄺ䰶ࡃ䰶䭓䰜ᔎ В՟ᴹ䇈ˈϞ⍋㥃⠽᠔ㄝᴀഄⷨおᴎᵘҢ✊࣪ড়⠽ⱘկᑨ 䆕ᅲњᇍӬ⾔Ҏᠡⱘ䳔∖˖Ā催᷵Ϣࠊ㥃㸠ϮП䯈ⱘ≳䗮䖬ϡ ଚ䍋ℹˈᏆথሩ៤Ўൟࠊ㥃ӕϮᵕᓩⱘড়ӭԈDŽ䎼 ᅠˈԚᰃ៥Ӏℷ㗗㰥ࢳᮄⱘҎᠡˈࡴ៥Ӏⷨお៤ᵰⱘ ݀ৌϢЁᄺᴃ⬠ড়ӭԈᓔሩড়ᮍ䴶᠔㸼⦄ߎⱘ⌧८݈䍷 ӋؐDŽā ϡҙѢᴀഄᴎᵘ᮹Ⲟ⦡䌉ⱘ䌘⑤ˈৠᯊгѢ㞾ⳌԐⱘⷨお ⳂࠡˈᄺᴃᴎᵘϢࠊ㥃ӕϮП䯈ⱘणЏ㽕䲚Ё催᷵䰘ሲ ݈䍷DŽ ए䰶ⱘЈᑞ䆩偠ᮍ䴶ˈ䖭ᰃ㥃કᓔথ⌕ⱘ⡍⚍DŽᘏԧ㗠㿔ˈ ᇸЎ䞡㽕ⱘϔ⚍䖬ࣙᣀⷨথড়݇㋏ⱘᓎゟDŽা᳝䗮䖛㵡ܹ 㥃કথ⦄ⷨおᮍ䴶ⱘড়ᵕথ䖒üü㟇ᇥҢݙࠊ㥃ӕϮⱘ㾦 ᔧഄⱘᄺᴃ⬠ᑊϢӬ⾔催᷵ⷨおᴎᵘᓎゟ䭓ᳳড়݇㋏ˈ ᑺ㗠㿔ⱘ⹂བℸDŽⳌডˈ䎼ࠊ㥃ӕϮখϢϞ⍋催᷵ঞⷨおᴎ ⱘⷨおЁᖗᮍৃ㾺ࠄЁЎ᭄ӫϨ乛ফ䖢ⱘ催㋴䋼⾥ⷨҎ ᵘⱘⷨথড়ᮍ䴶Ў⿃ᵕDŽ ਬˈᑊ៤ࡳᓎゟ䍋ৃᣕ㓁ⱘҎᠡ⏴䘧DŽ Āᄺᴃ⬠ৃ䗮䖛Ϣ䎼ࠊ㥃ӕϮⷨথ乚ඳⱘড়ᄺࠄ䆌 ᮄᡔᴃǃⷨおᮍ⊩Ϣ⧚ᗉDŽā䇎ढ˄Ё˅⫳⠽एᄺⷨお᳝䰤݀ ۯඍ݄ࢻ Ёൟए㥃䲚ಶ᯳ए㥃ଚϮথሩ䚼Џӏ Allan Liu 䅸Ўˈ ৌⱘ Liu Songkai བᰃ䇈˄䆹݀ৌ䖥᮹Ϣᮺᄺ݅ৠ៤ゟњ㙱 㔎УѦࡼᰃЁࠊ㥃乚ඳ㸼⦄䕗Ꮒⱘ݇䬂ॳDŽĀ⬅ѢЁⱘ Ⱐⷨお㘨ড়ᅲ偠ᅸDŽĀབᵰঠᮍ㛑ѻ⫳ᰒ㨫ⱘᬊⲞˈ䙷М៤ࡳ ࠊ㥃ӕϮ㥃કথ⦄乚ඳ㒣偠ϡ䎇ˈℸϢ⸔ⷨおⱘ㘨㋏гϡ ড়݇㋏ⱘᓎゟህࡴㅔऩњDŽāҪ㸹ܙ䘧DŽ ᰃ⡍߿ᆚߛDŽāLiu 㾷䞞䘧DŽ ݙӕϮᇍᮽᳳࠊ㥃ⷨお᱂䘡ϡᛳ݈䍷ⱘॳЏ㽕ᴹ㞾ϸϾ മৠቛྭ ᮍ䴶˖ϔˈ㔎Уᇚ⾥ⷨ៤ᵰҢᮽᳳ㥃કথ⦄ⷨお䕀࣪ࠄѻક᠔ 䎼ࠊ㥃㸠ϮᎼ༈乚ܜϔℹᣪᥬЁᄺᴃᴎᵘⱘ┰ˈϢℸ 䳔ⱘ㛑DŽѠˈൟЁࠊ㥃ӕϮⱘㅵ⧚Ҏਬ䗮ᐌϡᔎ ৠᯊˈݙӕϮг〇ℹࠡ䖯DŽॳ⨲ढ乘䅵ˈ䱣ⴔ㥃કӓࠊ㸠Ϯ ⷨথ㛑ⱘࡼˈЎҪӀᇍॳྟ߯ᮄᑊϡ䞡㾚DŽĀ᭄Ё ⱘᭈড়䖯ˈЁݙⱘ߯ᮄ㥃ક乚ඳгᇚ亲䗳থሩDŽĀ៥ᛇ ӕϮП᠔ҹ㛑䌶߽ˈᰃЎ݊ৢᳳ㥃કᓔথǃ⫳ѻ ᴹ 10 ̚ 15 ᑈݙˈЁᇚߎ⦄ⱘ߯ᮄѻકDŽāཌྷ䇈DŽĀ៤ࡳܜࠊ㥃乚 ϢᏖഎ㧹䫔ᮍ䴶ᢹ᳝㡃དⱘᴎ䘛ˈāLiu 㸼⼎DŽѢ䖭ϔᗱ㓈ˈⷨ ⱘЁࠊ㥃ӕϮ⦄гᏆᛣ䆚ࠄ߯ᮄⷨおⱘᖙ㽕ᗻDŽℸˈݙ থҎਬ֓ϡӮ㹿㾚Ў݇䬂Ҏ⠽ˈℸӕϮгϡӮЎ݊ᦤկড়⧚ⱘ ࠊ㥃ӕϮᇚϢ催᷵䖯㸠ࡴᆚߛⱘড়ˈϢ㽓ᮍӕϮሩᓔⱘ 㭾䝀ϢᴎӮDŽĀВ՟ᴹ䇈ˈϔϾᏖഎ㧹䫔ᘏⲥ㛑䕏㗠ᯧВഄᣓ ѦࡼˈᑊࡼҎᠡⱘࢳDŽāϞ⍋ⵓ᯳ᡔᴃ᳝䰤݀ৌⱘਈ偣 ⱘᎹ䌘DŽāLiu 㚃ᅮ䘧DŽ 乘㿔DŽסࠄⳌᔧѢⷨথ䋳䋷Ҏϝ ✊㗠ˈᇍѢ᯳ए㥃ㄝᢹ᳝ܜ䖯ⷨথ㛑ⱘ݀ৌ㗠㿔ˈ߽⫼ ĀሑㅵЁࠊ㥃ӕϮϢ⸔ⷨお៤ᵰⱘ݇㋏ҡ✊कߚ㭘ᔅˈ 催᷵Ϣⷨおᴎᵘⱘⶹ䆚ϢᡔᴃⱘЏ㽕䱰Ѣᡔᴃ䆘Ԅ㒣⧚ⱘ㔎 ԚᰃⳂࠡ݊ℷ䗤ℹᇚӋؐ䫒ᦤछࠄ㥃કㄯᶹϢӬ࣪ᮍ䴶ˈā УDŽℷབϞ⍋ⱘ乚ܜᄺᴃᴎᵘ᠔䴶Јⱘ䯂乬ϔḋˈ㛑䆘Ԅᮄᡔ Allan Liu 䆘䗄䘧DŽĀЁ㥃કথ⦄㋏㒳ᮍ䴶ҡ✊᳝ᕜ䭓ⱘ䏃㽕 ᴃⱘ乚ඳϧϮҎकߚ䲒㾙DŽ 䍄ˈԚᰃᔦⱘ⍋ᄺ㗙Ӏ㛑ᓹ㸹䖭ѯϡ䎇DŽāҪᘏ㒧䘧DŽᇍ ϔϾ催ㄝᬭ㚆ǃ⾥ᄺⷨおϢ㸠ϮकᑈᴹϹḐऎߚⱘᆊ㗠㿔ˈ ᄽࠅິ ЁⱘᄺᴃⷨおϢ㸠Ϯⷨথᮍ䴶ⱘᏂ䎱ҡ✊ᕜˈԚᰃᓹ㸹䖭ϔظዐࡔڦۯႎൻظᆯ ϢПϡৠⱘᰃˈ⬅߯ᮄ偅ࡼⱘЁ߯Ϯ݀ৌؒѢϢᔧഄᄺ Ꮒ䎱ⱘḹṕℷᵘᓎᔧЁˈৠᯊгӮЎܼᮄⱘ߯ᮄᴎ䘛ᓎゟ㡃ད ᴃ⬠ᓎゟЎᆚߛⱘ݇㋏DŽ⬅ѢӕϮᆊϡᮁ㵡ܹ⾥ⷨ㋏㒳ˈᔧഄ ⱘᑇৄDŽ 49 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Interview 0 ϧ䆓 ĐFeasible and Beneficial for Both Sidesđ Doris Leuthard on a possible Free Trade Agreement between Switzerland and China Interview, Fabian Gull Federal Councilor Doris Leuthard vi- Madame Federal Councillor Doris Leut- tunities for deepening cooperation and sited China on May 9th for a four day hard, what is the latest status regar- economic exchanges. Therefore, China trip, arriving in Shanghai on the inau- ding a possible Free Trade Agreement and Switzerland agreed a year ago that gural direct flight of Swiss Air Lines. (FTA) between Switzerland and China? both sides examine the feasibility of ne- After meeting up with representatives First of all I would like to underline the gotiating a Free Trade Agreement. of the Swiss business community excellent and longstanding bilateral rela- in Shanghai, the Swiss Minister of tions Switzerland and China have. The Will the new Chinese Minister of Com- Economic Affairs and the new Honor- ties between our two countries have ne- merce, Mr. Chen Deming, continue the ary Member of SwissCham Shanghai ver been as close as they are today. Bi- politics of his successor? continued her travel to Beijing - where lateral trade and investment Àow is grow- I had a meeting with Mr. Chen Deming the main reason for her visit stood on ing quite rapidly. In 2002, China (including two months ago at the occasion of my WKHDJHQGDKHU¿UVWPHHWLQJZLWKWKH Hong Kong) became Switzerland's most most recent visit to China. We had a very newly appointed Chinese Minister of important trading partner in Asia, and the constructive and open dialogue. Minister Commerce, Mr. Chen Deming. After potential for further intensifying economic Chen Deming underlined the solid eco- her visit "The Bridge" grabbed the relations is considerable. Concluding a nomic relations between the two coun- chance to ask her some questions. Free Trade Agreement would allow both tries. We exchanged information on the sides to make full use of the many oppor- state of the research and assessment 50 ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Business and Economic News Interview !0 ϧ䆓 under way in China and Switzerland re- a fully diversi¿ed economy - demanding fruitful cooperation with the Chinese garding possible negotiations on a Free and offering more and more sophisticated Authorities in this regard. The reliable Trade Agreement. On the Swiss side, products. Taken together, there is a great protection is important for investors, we have come to the conclusion that a number of complementary ¿elds and especially in sectors where research and Free Trade Agreement between China unprecedented opportunities in economic scienti¿c work are needed. and Switzerland is feasible and would be cooperation, trade and investment to be bene¿cial for both sides, as the econo- exploited by domestic and international How about a possible cooperation mies of Switzerland and China are highly companies from both sides. in the ¿eld of environment and infra- complementary. Minister Chen Deming structure? con¿rmed that the competent Chinese HowmanyFTAhasSwitzerlandcon- I had the opportunity to discuss our draft Ministries are working on the ¿le as well. cluded so far, and what do you expect proposal of a Memorandum of Under- I am looking forward to learn about the to conclude in the future? standing for an enhanced cooperation ¿ndings of the Chinese side soon. Switzerland has concluded 18 Free Trade with China on environment related issues Agreements to date. Experience shows in detail with Minister Chen Deming. We What would be some of the tangible that trade and investment regularly would like to cooperate more in three spe- bene¿ts for the Swiss economy and the increase due to the improved framework ci¿c ¿elds: Firstly, on institutional aspects Swiss business community in China? conditions provided by Free Trade Agree- of environmental protection and sustain- There is signi¿cant potential in bring- ments. This is true for the Free Trade able development. Secondly, on Industrial, ing the economies of Switzerland and Agreements concluded by Switzerland technical cooperation and managerial of China closer together! Switzerland, a in example with the Republic of Korea or assistance in environment-related issues high technology, high income, high value with Singapore. Presently, Switzerland and lastly, on climate change related is- added hub in the centre of Europe has a is negotiating Free Trade Agreements sues. Minister Chen proposed that Swit- lot to offer in many areas of industry and with countries such as Japan, India and zerland concentrate its offers and efforts services. I would like to mention particular Thailand. on a speci¿c region or city. The State Sec- strengths of the Swiss economy in energy retariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) is and resource ef¿cient technologies and in What is the hottest topic on the agen- currently assessing the potential for a pos- many other innovative sectors. China on da? Is it Intellectual Property Rights? sible cooperation concerning the transfer the other hand, an economic powerhouse Well, IPR is a necessity for every know- of environmentally sound technologies and growth engine, is fast moving towards ledge based economy. We maintain a within the private sector. 51 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Interview 0 ϧ䆓 ມݛᆶ૧ႜđܔĐ ጲᆯஹᅟၹۨۀӺᅱᇵDoris Leuthard༌ዐ 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ ˛ፖ ϨᕜᓔᬒⱘӮ䇜DŽ䰜ᖋ䫁䚼䭓ᔎ䇗њЁ⨲ϸ ၹۨױӺᅱᇵDoris Leuthardᇀ5ሆ9න ዐ 䯈〇ⱘ㒣⌢݇㋏ˈ៥ӀህЎ䖯㸠㞾⬅䌌ᯧण 㟇Ҟˈ⨲Ꮖ㒣㓨㒧њ18Ͼ㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮDŽ㒣ٳڸݧऐڦ๗ࡵࠅິӬݧฉ࡛ ݡ࿚ăሞᇑጂࢼ ᅮ䇜߸㗠Ё⨲䖯㸠ⱘⷨお䆘ԄᎹ 偠㸼ᯢˈ㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮᏺᴹⱘḚᶊᴵӊⱘᬍ䖯ڦࡔLjժႜକྺ຺ཀ 䖯㸠њѸ⌕DŽ⬅ѢЁ⨲ঠᮍ ᘏӮࡴ䌌ᯧᡩ䌘ˈ↨བ⨲ߚ߿Ϣ䶽މࣷ௬ࢫLjፕྺ๗ঢ় ⱘ䖯ሩᚙپ๗ฆᄽཷ༹ڦ ˈႎඵᇤࣷ ⱘ㒣⌢ᰃ催ᑺѦ㸹ⱘˈ៥Ӏ⨲ᮍ䴶䅸ЎˈЁ ᮄࡴവ㓨㒧ⱘ㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮህᰃབℸDŽⳂࠡڦषևतዐࡔ๗ฆࣷĊฉ࡛ ᇵLjDoris Leuthard๗മྫԛĊُ Ϣ⨲ㅒ䅶㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮᰃৃ㸠ᑊᇍঠᮍ᳝ ⨲гৠ᮹ᴀǃॄᑺ⋄ㄝᆊህ㓨㒧㞾 Ċࣷ९କዐࡔႎᅃඪ ߽ⱘDŽ䰜ᖋ䫁䚼䭓г⹂䅸ЁⱘⳌ݇䚼䮼ℷ ⬅䌌ᯧणᅮ䖯㸠䇜߸DŽںڦዷᄲణڦݡ࿚ْ ఀံิăሞຐኟ๕ݡ࿚ 䖯㸠݇Ѣঠᮍ㓨㒧㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮⱘᎹDŽ៥ᳳڤרฆခև ࣆ༶ڦฉፌ࠲ጀײࢫLjዐࡔ๗ฆࣷࣷĖൃėᆶऐࣷᇑ ᕙⴔሑᖿњ㾷Ёᮍ䴶ᇍѢঠᮍㅒ䅶㞾⬅䌌ᯧ ጲᆯஹᅟၹۨ༌ಒᅱ ˛ႜକُْݡ༌ă णᅮⱘⳟ⊩DŽ ๊˛ኪ๎ׂ࿚༶ ⶹ䆚ѻᴗֱᡸᰃӏԩϔϾⶹ䆚ൟᆊ᠔ᖙ䳔 ᇀ๗ঢ়षᅜत ⱘDŽ៥ӀϢЁᔧሔ䖭ᮍ䴶ֱᣕⴔᆠ᳝៤ᬜܔ۩ധڦጲᆯ ጲᆯஹᅟၹۨۀDoris Leuthard๗ˈ࠲ᇀዐ ఼˛ ⱘড়ˈৃ䴴ⱘⶹ䆚ѻᴗֱᡸᇍѢᡩ䌘㗙ˈᇸتฆᄽཷ༹ᆶనၵൎํࡻڦፌႎ൧๊˛ ๗ሞዐࡔڦஹᅟၹᅱ 佪ܜˈ៥ᛇᔎ䇗ϔϟ⨲Ё䭓ᳳটདⱘঠ Ⳃࠡҡ᳝ᕜⱘぎ䯈ৃҹՓ⨲Ёⱘ㒣⌢ ݊ᰃ⾥ᄺⷨお乚ඳ䴲ᐌ䞡㽕DŽ 䖭 㘨㋏বᕫ㋻ᆚʽЎ催ᡔᴃǃ催ᬊܹԡѢ⦃ڣ䖍݇㋏DŽ៥Ӏϸ䯈ⱘ݇㋏Ңᴹ≵᳝ ยแॺยݛإ୯ࡗሞ࣍ৣࢅएޏМ㋻ᆚˈঠ䖍䌌ᯧᡩ䌘⌕ࡼ䭓䖙䗳ˈ2002 ⌆Ё䚼ⱘ催䰘ࡴؐЁᖗˈ⨲ৃҹᦤկϾ ມݛ ᑈˈЁ˄ࣙᣀ佭␃⡍߿㸠ᬓऎ˅Ꮖ㒣៤Ў⨲ ѻϮᮍ䴶ⱘ᳡ࡵˈᇸ݊ᰃ⨲㒣⌢᳝ᬜ߽ ௬ႜࢇፕ˛ Ѯ⌆᳔䞡㽕ⱘ䌌ᯧӭԈˈϸথሩ㋻ᆚ ⫼㛑⑤䌘⑤ⱘᡔᴃᮍ䴶ҹঞ䆌݊Ҫ߯ᮄ乚 ህ៥Ӏᦤ䆂ⱘЎᦤ催ϢЁ⦃๗Ⳍ݇乚ඳড় ⱘ㒣⌢㘨㋏ⱘ┰ᎼDŽ㓨㒧㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮᇚ ඳⱘᅲDŽϔᮍ䴶ˈЎ㒣⌢ⱘࡼ⑤ ⱘ䇙㾷ᖬᔩ㤝Ḝˈ៥Ϣ䰜ᖋ䫁ܜ⫳䖯㸠њ Փঠᮍܙߚⱘ߽⫼⾡ᴎӮ⏅࣪ড়㒣⌢ 䭓ᓩ᪢ˈЁℷ䖙䗳ⱘথሩЎϔϾܼ䴶ḋ࣪ 䆺㒚ⱘ䅼䆎ˈ៥ӀᏠᳯҹϟϝϾԧⱘ乚ඳ ᅮᓔ ⱘ㒣⌢ԧü᮶䳔∖гկᑨⱘᴖѻકDŽᡞ 䖯㸠ড়˖ϔˈࠊᑺሖ䴶ⱘ⦃๗ֱᡸৃᣕއѸ⌕DŽℸˈϔᑈࠡˈЁ⨲ϔ㟈 ྟ䇗ⷨঠᮍ䖒៤㞾⬅䌌ᯧणᅮⱘৃ㸠ᗻDŽ ϸᬒϔ䍋ˈⳌѦ䯈Ѧ㸹ⱘ乚ඳᕜˈ㒣⌢ 㓁থሩ˗ѠˈϢ⦃๗Ⳍ݇ⱘᎹϮǃᡔᴃড় ড়ⱘᴎӮᰃぎࠡⱘˈ㗠䞣ⱘ䌌ᯧᡩ䌘ᴎ ㅵ⧚Ϟⱘणࡽ˗ϝˈϢ⇨ব࣪Ⳍ݇ⱘ乚 ఀံิࣷीჄഄ Ӯ䳔㽕ϸⱘݙ䰙ӕϮ݅ৠᓔᢧDŽ ඳDŽ䰜䚼䭓ᓎ䆂⨲ᇚ݊ᦤ䆂ࡾ䲚Ёᶤڤרዐࡔႎᅃඪฆခև ၎࠲አ֧˛ ϾԧⱘഄऎජᏖDŽ⨲㘨䙺㒣⌢џࡵৌгڦമඪ ┰ณጲᆯஹᅟ ℷህ⾕Ҏ䚼䮼ݙ䕀䅽ໄ䷇⦃ֱᡔᴃⱘড়ܠକۀϸϾ᳜ࠡ៥᳔䖥ϔ䆓䯂ЁⱘᯊϢ䰜ᖋ ങৃྺኹˈ๗ᅙঢ় ጲᆯஹᅟ 䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽۀњ䴶ˈ៥Ӏ䖯㸠њϔᕜ᳝ᓎ䆒ᗻᑊ ၹۨˈ࿄ઠထྭᇑనၵࡔॆ⺄⫳ܜ䫁 52 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Interview 0 ϧ䆓 ĐThe Crowning of the Turnaroundđ Intreview, Fabian Gull Since May 9th 2008, Swiss Interna- Rolf P. Jetzer, what is Swiss Air Lines' Why is Shanghai important for Swiss? tional Air Lines is again offering direct Asia strategy? The whole region of Shanghai with its flights to Mainland China. The mor- Well, we just opened two new direct more than 20 million people is charac- ning after the big inauguration party Àights to destinations in Asia – New Delhi terized by an astonishing breakup with in Pudong, The Bridge met up for a and Shanghai. For us, it was clear and double digit growth rates for more than chat with Rolf P. Jetzer, Chairman of mandatory early on that we had to return 15 years. The spirit of optimism is com- the Board of Directors of Swiss Inter- to these two destinations in Asia as soon parable to the situation in the US half a national Air Lines since 2005. Jetzer, as possible – meaning, also as soon century ago. Direct Àights to important an attorney at law, has an exclusive as we could afford it. Mainland China is destinations are not only crucial for the hobby – he designs and produces very important for business as well as for success of Swiss but also for the success golden luxury time pieces. Besides leisure travellers. Until 2002, Swissair, of the Swiss economy. The fast growing Swiss, Jetzer also is on the Board of the predecessor company of Swiss, was wealth of this region with its emerging Directors of Julius Baer, Infrassure serving Beijing with a direct Àight and afÀuent middle class also increases the and Capital Dynamics. He is married Shanghai via Hong Kong. We wanted propensity to travel – be it for business and has one child. to have the city back in our destination or leisure. Plus there is going to be the portfolio with the stronger growth – and World Expo in 2010 which will create this is Shanghai. further travelling. 54 ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Business and Economic News Interview !0 ϧ䆓 Airbus A340 over Swiss Alps. How important is Asia for Swiss today? How long does it take form wishlist to Of course we somehow compete. Between Asia with its strong growth is very impor- the opening Àight? When did you ¿rst two brands in a group providing similar tant. decide to go for Shanghai and push it? products there is always competition. We Eight months ago. This is extraordinarily discussed this also with Lufthansa and they In numbers. fast! The cooperation with the authorities saw the increasing demand in Europe and We do not communicate these numbers. wasveryef¿cient. therefore supported the idea of giving Star Alliance customers more options to get to How important is Asia compared to How do you proceed to get the slots Shanghai or back to Europe. This is a very the US, Africa or Latin America? you want? good expression of the "three hub strategy" I want to make clear that ¿rst and fore- First of all, you have to get the slots of Lufthansa Group (Frankfurt, Munich, most, we look "destination by destina- - which can be a dif¿cult issue. Some- Zurich) in which we play an important role. tion" rather than at continents. We don't times you have to start with a slot and have a "continental strategy" nor a policy move up over time into a better situa- Does Swiss actually have a say within that emphasizes on Asia. tion. In Shanghai, we took over the slots Lufthansa Group? Nevertheless, our newly opened inter- of Austrian Airlines, who gave up their Of course! We are still an autonomous continental destinations in recent years slots here. As an airline, you can sim- company and our ideas are understood are all in Asia! Our growth strategy was ply express your wishes. The decisions as valuable contribution to the Group. ¿rst to increase the frequency of the ex- are entirely made by governments and isting Àights. So, we went up from ¿ve to airport authorities. Speaking of valuable contributions, six weekly Àights to Bangkok, and Tokyo Lufthansa bought Swiss for as little went up from six weekly to one daily There are complaints about the de- as 340 Million Swiss Francs. In 2007, Àight. And now, Shanghai and Delhi. I parture times in Shanghai and Zurich Swiss generated an operating pro¿tof think this clearly shows the importance of during daytime. How happy are you 571 Million Swiss Francs (around RMB Asia is for us. with the slots you got? 3.4 Billion). Very happy! It perfectly ¿ts! We can serve This is true. But bear in mind that at the What else is on your destination wish Boston and Shanghai with two aircrafts time we needed a partner nobody was list? since both slots are complementary. We willing to pay more for Swiss! The one on top is always the one we are in a costly business. A plane, there- believe is going to be the most pro¿table fore, has to be in the air as much as pos- Is Swiss out of the woods? (laughing). But this changes quite fre- sible. Swissisde¿nitely back! Our direct Àights quently. Beijing is de¿nitely on our wish to Shanghai mark the end and the crow- list, as well as San Francisco. Your strongest competitor in Shang- ning of our turnaround! We are con¿dent hai is Lufthansa, who owns Swiss. that 2008 will also be a good year. 55 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Interview 0 ϧ䆓 ઠđڟገऐٷĐ 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ ഐݧڦਜ਼ԑᇽࡵӬሞฉ࡛ࢅ໋๘ױڦዘᄲႠසࢆǛ ᆶڦ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິܔ20085ሆ9නLj๗ࡔाࡵࠅິምْ සৃჱዞ ᆩऐڦڥᇀइܔཀฉሞ 䭓ᔎࢆⱘѮ⌆ᇍѢ⨲䰙㟾ぎ݀ৌᴹ ้क़ሞӣཀLjే்ړࡵӬăڦٷዐࡔٳਸཚକ ᅪ఼Ǜڟߌޏࡵਸటᅏ๕Ljໜ 䆆ᕜ䞡㽕DŽ ࣷڦٷฉ࡛۫ਉႜକฺ ⬅ࢫLjĖൃėᆶऐ֑ࣷݡକ๗ࡔाࡵ ៥Ӏᕜ⒵ᛣʽ⦄ⱘৃ⫼ᴎԡᕜড়䗖ʽ ˈࠅິۭ๚Rolf P. Jetzerံิăጲ2005 ሞຕጴฉ఼Ǜ Ѣࠄ⊶乓Ϟ⍋ⱘৃ⫼ᴎԡᰃѦ㸹ⱘ ᭄ᄫϞⱘѸ⌕DŽ ℸ៥Ӏৃҹ᳝ϸᶊ亲ᴎ亲⊶乓ϞخJetzerփ ៥Ӏϡڦඪ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິۭ๚ ˈ✊ⱘDŽ៥Ӏⱘ៤ᴀᕜ催ي༬Һ ⍋ˈ䖭гᰃᕜ܀ටLj࣏ᆛᆶپৈᅃఁ݆ୱ ᇀ ᠔ҹ亲ᴎᑨ䆹ሑৃ㛑ⱘϞ亲DŽܔକ ᇑெዞLjݥዞࢅઙۡெዞ၎ԲLjჱዞأࡻĊยऺࢅิׂূࣀࡍă ዘᄲႠසࢆǛڦ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິྔLj࣏Julius Baer, ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິ ࡔࡲ෩ࡵڤܔ৪ኛڦᛇ䇈ⱘᰃ៥Ӏ᳔ⳟ䞡佪㽕㗗㰥ⱘ ే்ሞฉ࡛ፌഽܜ๚ă ៥佪ۭڦInfrassureࢅCapital Dynamics Jetzerံิᅙࣿժᆶᅃ߲࡚ጱă ᰃⳂⱘഄˈ㗠ϡᰃᅗાϾ⌆ϞDŽ៥Ӏ ࠅິLjࠔକ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິă ≵᳝Ā⌆⬹āᰃⴔ䞡Ѯ⌆ⱘᬓㄪˈ ゲѝᰃ⧚᠔ᔧ✊ⱘDŽᦤկⳌԐѻકⱘϸ Rolf P. JetzerံิLj๗ࡔाࡵࠅິሞ ϡ䖛ˈ䖥ᑈᴹ៥Ӏᮄᓔ䗮ⱘ⌆䰙㟾⧁䛑 Ͼક⠠䯈ᘏᰃᄬゲѝⱘDŽህ䖭Ͼ䯂乬៥ ᰃࡴ⦄᳝㟾 ӀгϢᖋ∝㥢㟾ぎ݀ৌ䅼䆎䖛ˈҪӀⳟܜቛ๊Ǜ Ѯ⌆ʽ៥Ӏⱘথሩ⬹佪݀ڦჱዞ ៥Ӏᮄᓔ䗮њϸ⧁ҹѮ⌆ЎⳈ䖒Ⳃⱘഄⱘ ⧁ⱘ亲㸠乥⥛ˈབ亲ᕔ᳐䈋ⱘ㟾⧁⬅↣਼ ࠄњ⌆Ьᅶⱘ䳔∖ᑊᏠᳯЎ᯳ぎ㘨ⲳⱘ 㟾⧁üߚ߿ࠄᮄᖋ䞠Ϟ⍋DŽ䖭ϸϾᏖഎ 5⧁Ў6⧁ˈ亲ᕔϰҀⱘ㟾⧁⬅↣਼6⧁ Ьᅶᦤկᕔ䖨Ϟ⍋⌆ⱘ䗝ᢽDŽ䖭 ᕜ䞡㽕ˈ៥Ӏᕜᮽህ⏙Ἦᖙ乏ሑᖿৃҹ ᬍЎ↣᮹ϔ⧁ˈ⦄៥Ӏজ᳝њࠄϞ⍋ ᰃ∝㥢䲚ಶⱘĀϝЁᖗ⬹ā˄⊩݄ܟ 䋳ᢙⱘᚙމϟˈᘶⳈ䖒䖭ϸϾⳂⱘഄⱘ ᮄᖋ䞠ⱘ㟾⧁ˈ៥ᛇ䖭Ꮖ㒣ᕜ⏙Ἦⱘᰒ⼎ ⽣ǃᜩሐ咥㢣咢Ϫ˅ˈ៥Ӏ݊Ёᡂⓨ 㟾⧁DŽЁ䰚ϡҙଚϮϞˈ㗠Ϩᮙ ߎѮ⌆ᇍ៥Ӏⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ ᕜ䞡㽕ⱘ㾦㡆DŽ ␌ӥ䯆Ϟ䛑ᕜ䞡㽕ˈ ݛॺ૬ࡵ఼Ǜ ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິሞࡲ෩णཷዐᆶ݀ჾǛںℸ៥Ӏᖙ乏䗖ᔧⱘᯊ䯈䞡ᮄᓔ䗮ϢЁ ే்࣏ထྭᇑనၵ ⱘⳈ㟾DŽ⨲䰙㟾ぎ݀ৌⱘࠡ䑿ü⨲ ៥Ӏ᳔ᛇᓎゟⳈ㟾ⱘഄᮍ㚃ᅮᰃ៥Ӏ䅸Ў ᔧ✊᳝ʽ៥Ӏҡ✊ᰃ㞾⊏ⱘ݀ৌˈ㗠Ϩ៥ 㟾ぎˈ2002ᑈᯊህ᳝Ⳉ䖒࣫Ҁⱘ㟾⧁ ᳔᳝߽ৃⱘഄᮍ˄ュ˅DŽԚᰃব࣪гᕜ Ӏⱘᛣ㾕ᇍѢ∝㥢䲚ಶᴹ䇈ᰃᕜ᳝Ӌؐⱘ 㒣⬅佭␃ᢉ䖒Ϟ⍋ⱘ㟾⧁DŽ⦄ˈ៥Ӏ ᖿˈབৠᮻ䞥ቅϔḋˈ࣫Ҁгᰃ៥Ӏᕜᛇ 䋵⤂DŽ ᇚϞ⍋䖭Ͼথሩ䖙⣯ⱘජᏖ䞡ᮄܹ߫њ ᓎゟⳈ㟾ⱘජᏖDŽ ࠋ၅Ljࡲ෩णཷৈᆩ3.4ᅢڦᆶॏኵڟ៥ӀⱘⳂⱘഄПЁDŽ ༌ ้ ๗݆વ৽சူକ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິLjܸܠኟ๕ਸཚᄲࢾڟထྭਸཚࡵٗ ٳሏᆐ૧ා৽ڦᅃْਦۨᇑฉ࡛ॺ૬ࡵժླྀ ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິ2007ڼᇀ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິྺ๊ዘᄲǛ क़Ǜే்ܔฉ࡛ କ5.71ᅢ๗݆વDŽሀ34ᅢට௷ԼDžăڟ ၄๊้ࢪǛํڦۯ ЎϔϾᢹ᳝2000ϛҎষⱘජᏖˈ15 ᑈᴹˈᭈϾϞ⍋ҹϸԡ᭄ᄫⱘҎ䭓 ᰃ8Ͼ᳜ࠡDŽ៥ӀϢⳌ݇ᔧሔⱘড়ᕜ ᰃⱘDŽԚᰃ៥Ӏгᑨ䆹ⶹ䘧ⱘᰃˈ៥Ӏ 䗳ᑺ㜅乪㗠ߎˈҎӀᇍѢϞ⍋ⱘФ㾖㊒⼲ ᳝ᬜˈ䖯ሩ䴲ᐌᖿˈ᠔㢅ⱘᯊ䯈ϡ䭓ʽ 䳔㽕ড়ӭԈᯊˈ䰸њ∝㥢䲚ಶ≵᳝Ҏᜓ ৃҹϢञϾϪ㑾ࠡⱘ㕢Ⳍ↨DŽ䖭⾡䞡 ᛣߎⱘ䪅ʽ Ǜڦᆩऐ࿋ڥ㽕ⱘජᏖᓔ䗮Ⳉ㟾ˈ᮴䆎ᰃᇍѢ⨲䰙 ే்සࢆइ ᅙঢ়ྃઓৣକ఼Ǜޏ㟾ぎ݀ৌⱘ៤ࡳˈ䖬ᰃᇍѢ⨲㒣⌢ⱘথ 㽕㦋ᕫᴎԡϡᰃϔӊᆍᯧⱘџˈ᳝ⱘᯊ ๗ࡔाࡵࠅິ ሩ䛑ᕜ䞡㽕DŽৠᯊˈ⬅䖙䗳ዯ䍋ⱘᆠ㺩ⱘ ᳔ᓔྟা᳝ϔϾᴎԡˈ㒣䖛ϔ↉ᯊ䯈ৢᴎ ⨲䰙㟾ぎ݀ৌᏆ㒣ᅠܼᘶњʽ៥Ӏ Ёѻ䰊㑻ࡼⱘഄऎ䋶ᆠ䭓Փᕫ䖭Ͼഄ ԡᠡӮ᜶᜶ࡴDŽϞ⍋ˈ៥ӀՓ⫼ⱘᰃ ϢϞ⍋ⱘⳈ㟾ᷛᖫⴔೄ๗ⱘ㒧ᴳҹঞᎼ ऎ䗖ড়ᮙ␌ü᮴䆎ᰃଚࡵ䖬ᰃӥ䯆DŽ ༹ഄ߽㟾ぎ݀ৌᬒᓗⱘᴎԡDŽ㟾ぎ݀ৌϔ 䕀ᴎⱘࠄᴹʽ៥Ӏമֵ2008ᑈгᇚӮᰃᕜ ˈ2010ᑈⱘϪमӮгᇚᏺᴹⱘᮙ␌ 㠀া㸼䖒㞾ᏅⱘᏠᳯ㽕∖ˈᬓᑰᴎഎ དⱘϔᑈDŽ ᅮDŽއߎܼ䚼ⱘخଚᴎDŽ 䋳䋷ҎӮ 56 ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Business and Economic News Legal Update 0 Ёଚࡵ⊩ᕟⶹ䆚 Science and Technology Industries By Gigi Cheah, Partner DLA Piper Hong Kong and Matthieu Bonnici, Associate DLA Piper Shanghai cience and technology industries are an increasingly 3. Prohibited technology. Technology in this category can- important focus for the Chinese government. In a re- not be imported or exported. cent policy entitled The State's Program for Medium The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM), together with its lo- Sand Long Term Development of Science and Technol- cal counterparts, is the administrative authority responsible for ogy (2006-2020), the Chinese government identified several administering and regulating cross-border technology transfers. top priority areas for development, including energy, water and Some of the technology-related industries that represent in- mineral resources, the environment, agriculture, manufacturing, vestment opportunities for foreign investors are speci¿ed in the transportation, information technology, social medicine, city de- Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries velopments, public safety and national defence. ("Catalogue"). These industries include, among others: Cross-border technology transfers • Medical and Biotech Industry Both the import and export of technology (whether as- In general, development in the medical and biotech sector signed or licensed) are regulated under the PRC's technology in China (which covers, among other things, genetic engineer- transfer regime. The main purpose of this regime is to prevent: ing, commercial production of anticancer drugs and traditional (a) the indiscriminate import of foreign technology that is either Chinese medicine) falls under the "encouraged" category in unnecessary, has low energy ef¿ciency, or pollutes the environ- the Catalogue. To bring drug production standards in line with ment, and (b) the export of highly sensitive advanced techno- international standards, the Chinese government has recently logy. The regime classi¿es technology into three categories: brought into effect new laws and measures to regulate the pro- 1. Unrestricted technology. Transfer of technology in this duction of pharmaceuticals and health supplements (as well as category only requires registration. their manufacturing, distribution, packaging, pricing and advertis- 2. Restricted technology. Transfer of technology in this ca- ing). The State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA), is the go- tegory is subject to Chinese governmental approval. vernment body that is responsible for monitoring and supervising 57 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Legal Update 0 Ёଚࡵ⊩ᕟⶹ䆚 pharmaceutical products and medical appliances and equipment • Telecommunications Services Industry in China. The SFDA has implemented new Good Manufacturing Despite China's WTO accession commitments to allow for- Practice (GMP) standards for the manufacture of pharmaceutical eign investors to hold strategic equity interests in Chinese tele- products. communications and Internet companies, telecommunications Clinical drug research activity in China is also becoming services in China remain in the "restricted" category and are increasingly popular for foreign pharmaceutical companies due heavily regulated by the government. For example, operating a to lower costs and the availability of large pools of potential pa- website in China for commercial purposes, considered a tele- tients and high-quality hospitals to use as clinical study centres. communications service, requires obtaining an Internet Content Foreign pharmaceutical companies must contend, however, Permit. This permit will not be issued if foreign ownership in the with lengthy approval processes to conduct their clinical trials. company exceeds 50%. The SFDA is in the process of improving this process as well as developing and implementing more transparent regulations. • Television, Broadcasting and Media Industry Dissemination of any media content is heavily regulated in • Software Industry China by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television The Catalogue classifies the development and manufac- (SARFT). What is considered unlawful or inappropriate content ture of software products as "encouraged". A foreign software under Chinese law is often very different from western stan- company can easily establish a software development company dards. anywhere in China in the form of a joint venture or a wholly Most broadcasting and media-related services in China are foreign-owned enterprise. in the "prohibited" category of the Catalogue, though there are Instead of establishing a business presence in China, for- some exceptions. The operation of cinemas, for example, is eign software suppliers may wish to sell software products di- under the "restricted" category, so that the majority of the equity rectly to their Chinese clients. In addition to the aforementioned interest in the entity must be held by a Chinese partner, whilst cross-border technology transfer regime that applies to the im- the import of digital TV technologies for use in China is actually port of software products, foreign software suppliers should be "encouraged". aware that no person may deal with or sell software products in China that have not been properly registered with the Ministry Personal Data Protection of Information Industry (MII). Although China's laws or regulations do not speci¿cally ad- It is usually the local importer of the foreign-made software dress data protection, the PRC Civil Law General Rules do con- products (rather than foreign exporters/suppliers) that is legally tain references to the protection of individual personal rights. responsible for the registration. Furthermore, due to foreign ex- Additionally, there are various internal rules or administrative change controls in China, if a software licensing agreement is notices regarding data protection in speci¿c industries. between a foreign licensor and a Chinese licensee, such agree- Promulgation of a PRC Personal Data Protection Law (PDP) ment also needs to be registered with the National Copyright has been taken into consideration in recent years. A draft PDP Administration, so as to enable foreign exchange payments to was proposed to the Legal Committee of the National People's be remitted to the foreign licensor. Congress on 29 December 2006 at the 10th Conference of the Additional restrictions also apply to the import and sale of NPC committee. However, the time frame for implementation foreign-made encryption products in China. Certain foreign- of the draft PDP is uncertain. The draft has not been of¿cially made commercial encryption products can be imported to Chi- published, but reports on the contents suggest that it will in- na by foreign-owned entities for their self-use only and cannot clude mobile telephone numbers, residential addresses, medi- be sold or resold in China. cal records and career data. A speci¿c government department will be created to administer and enforce the PDP. 58 ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Business and Economic News Legal Update 0 Ёଚࡵ⊩ᕟⶹ䆚 रׂᄽ By Gigi Cheah, DLA Piper佭␃ড়ӭҎ˗Matthieu Bonnici, DLA PiperϞ⍋ҷ㸼 ᡔѻϮ䍞ᴹ䍞៤ЎЁᬓᑰ䞡⚍݇⊼ⱘѻϮDŽ᳔䖥থ ৌৃЁӏԩഄᮍҹЁড়䌘ଚ⣀䌘ᮍᓣ䆒ゟ䕃ӊᓔথӕ ᏗⱘĀᆊЁ䭓ᳳ⾥ᄺᡔᴃথሩ㾘ߦ㒆㽕ā˄2006 ᑈ ϮDŽ üü2020 ᑈ˅ЁˈЁᬓᑰᯢ⹂њϾӬܜথሩ乚ඳˈ 䕃ӊկᑨଚг䆌ᏠᳯⳈ݊Ёᅶ᠋䫔ଂ䕃ӊѻક㗠 ࣙᣀ㛑⑤ǃ∈ⷓѻ䌘⑤ǃ⦃๗ǃݰϮǃࠊ䗴Ϯǃ䖤䕧Ϯǃ ϡЁ䆒ゟӕϮDŽ䰸Ϟ䗄䗖⫼Ѣ䕃ӊѻક䖯ষⱘ䎼๗ᡔᴃ䕀䅽⾥ ᙃᡔᴃǃ⼒ӮएᄺǃජᏖথሩǃ݀݅ᅝܼ䰆DŽ 㾘ᅮˈ䕃ӊկᑨଚ乏ⶹ䘧ˈ㒣ֵᙃѻϮ䚼ⱏ䆄ⱘ䕃ӊѻֵ કϡᕫЁ䫔ଂDŽ䗮ᐌ⬅䕃ӊѻકⱘᴀഄ䖯ষଚ˄㗠ϡᰃ ੵৣरຍገඟ ߎষଚ / կᑨଚ˅䋳䋷䖯㸠ⱏ䆄DŽ㗠Ϩˈ⬅ѢЁⱘ∛ࠊˈ Ёˈᡔᴃ䖯ߎষ˄ϡ䆎ᰃ䕀䅽䖬ᰃ䆌ৃ˅ഛফᡔᴃ䕀䅽 བᵰ䆌ৃҎϢЁⱘ㹿䆌ৃҎㅒ䅶њ䕃ӊ䆌ৃण䆂ˈ䆹ण䆂 㾘ᅮ㾘㣗ˈ݊Џ㽕Ⳃⱘᰃ䰆ℶ˖(a) ϡࡴऎ߿ഄ䖯ষϡᖙ㽕ⱘǃ г乏ᆊ⠜ᴗሔⱏ䆄ˈҢ㗠㦋ᕫ䆌ৃҎᬃҬ∛ⱘ䆌ৃDŽ 㛑⑤ᬜ⥛Ԣ∵ᶧ⦃๗ⱘᡔᴃˈঞ (b) ᬣᛳ催ᮄᡔᴃⱘߎষDŽ Ё䖯ষ䫔ଂࡴᆚѻક䖬᳝݊Ҫ䰤ࠊDŽ᳝ѯଚ 䆹㾘ᅮᇚᡔᴃߚ៤ϝ㉏˖ ⫼ࡴᆚѻકাৃ⬅䌘ӕϮ䖯ষ㞾⫼ˈϡᕫЁ䫔ଂDŽ 1. ᮴䰤ࠊⱘᡔᴃDŽ䆹㉏ᡔᴃ䕀䅽া㽕∖ⱏ䆄DŽ ခׂᄽޜ႑ۉ • DŽޚ䰤ࠊ㉏ⱘᡔᴃDŽ䆹㉏ᡔᴃⱘ䕀䅽乏Ёᬓᑰᡍ .2 䆌䌘៤ЎЁ⬉ֵѦ㘨ܕℶ㉏ᡔᴃDŽ䆹㉏ᡔᴃϡৃ䖯ߎষDŽ ሑㅵЁࡴܹϪ䌌㒘㒛ᯊᡓ䇎⽕ .3 ˈଚࡵ䚼ঞ݊ഄᮍᴎᵘЎ䋳䋷ㅵ⧚ⲥㅵ䎼๗ᡔᴃ䕀䅽ⱘ㸠ᬓ 㔥݀ৌⱘ⬹ᡩ䌘㗙ˈԚЁⱘ⬉ֵ᳡ࡵҡሲѢĀ䰤ࠊ㉏āѻϮ ᴎᵘDŽ ফЁⱘϹḐㅵࠊDŽ՟བˈЁЎଚϮⳂⱘ㒣㧹㔥キ㗠㗗㰥⬉ ᳡ࡵⱘˈ߭䳔㽕㦋ᕫѦ㘨㔥ݙᆍ䆌ৃ䆕DŽ㗠བᵰ䌘↨՟䍙䖛ֵ ዷᄲरຍଶᇘ ݀ৌ䌘ᴀⱘ 50% ߭ϡӮㅒথ䆌ৃ䆕DŽ Āଚᡩ䌘ѻϮᣛᇐⳂᔩā˄ĀⳂᔩā˅㾘ᅮњᇍ䌘ᓔᬒⱘᡔ Ă࠽խࢅׂ༹ᄽۉ • ˖ᴃѻϮˈ䖭ѯѻϮࣙᣀ ⫣Ӵ᪁ၦԧݙᆍফᆊᑓ⬉ᘏሔϹḐⲥㅵDŽ㗠Ё⊩ᕟᇍ䴲 䴲ᐌϡৠDŽޚᅅᄱࢅิरຍׂᄽ ϡ䗖ᔧݙᆍⱘ䅸ᅮϢ㽓ᮍⱘᷛ • ϔ㠀㗠㿔ˈए㥃⫳⠽ᡔᴃ乚ඳ˄ࣙᣀᎹǃᡫⰠ㥃⠽ Ёˈ᭄ᑓ᪁᳝݇ၦԧⱘ᳡ࡵሲѢĀ⽕ℶ㉏āѻϮˈ ⱘଚϮ⫳ѻЁ㥃ⱘ⫳ѻ˅ሲѢⳂᔩЁⱘĀ哧ࢅ㉏āDŽ ሑㅵ᳝ϔѯ՟DŽ՟བˈ⬉ᕅ䰶ⱘ㒣㧹ህሲѢĀ⽕ℶ㉏āˈℸ ЎՓ㥃⠽⫳ѻᷛޚϢ䰙ᷛޚ䔼ˈЁᬓᑰ᳔䖥乕Ꮧњᮄ ⬉ᕅ䰶ⱘ᭄㙵ᴗᖙ乏⬅Ёᮍᣕ᳝ˈ㗠᭄ᄫ⬉㾚ᡔᴃⱘ䖯ষ߭ሲ ѻકⱘ⫳ѻ˄ঞ݊㒣䫔ǃࣙ㺙ǃ Ā哧ࢅ㉏āDŽعᕟㅵ⧚乕থˈ㾘㣗㥃⠽ֱ⫣ ᅮӋᑓਞ˅DŽᆊ亳ક㥃કㅵ⧚ሔᰃ䋳䋷ⲥㅵ㥃કए⭫఼Ẅǃ 䆒ⱘᬓᑰ䚼䮼DŽ亳ક㥃કㅵ⧚ሔᅲᮑњᮄⱘlj㥃ક⫳ѻ䋼䞣ㅵ ߲ට႑တԍࢺ ⫣⇥㾘㣗NJDŽ 㱑✊Ёⱘ⊩ᕟ⊩㾘ϧ䮼ᦤࠄ᭄ֱᡸ䯂乬ˈԚЁ⧛ Ѣ៤ᴀԢϨᢹ᳝䞣ⱘ⮙ᙷ催䋼䞣ⱘए䰶⫼Јᑞⷨお 䗮߭ⱘ⹂㾘ᅮњᇍҎḐᴗⱘֱᡸDŽℸˈ䖬᳝݇Ѣ⡍ᅮ㸠Ϯབ䞥⬅ Ёᖗˈࠊ㥃݀ৌЁᓔሩЈᑞ㥃⠽ⷨおг䍞ᴹ䍞᱂䘡DŽ 㵡㸠Ϯⱘ᭄ֱᡸⱘݙ䚼㾘ゴ㸠ᬓㅵ⧚䗮ⶹDŽ Ԛᰃˈࠊ㥃݀ৌᖙ乏㒣䖛⓿䭓ⱘᅵᡍ䖛ҹᓔሩ݊Јᑞ 䖥ᑈᴹˈЁℷ㗗㰥ࠊᅮĀϾҎֵᙃֱᡸ⊩āDŽ2006 ᑈ 12 䆩偠DŽᆊ亳ક㥃કㅵ⧚ሔℷᬍ䖯䆹䖛ᑊࠊᅮǃᅲᮑ䗣ᯢ ᳜ 29 ᮹ܼҎकӮ䆂ϞܼҎ⊩ᕟᎹྨਬӮᦤ ⱘⲥㅵࠊᑺDŽ ѸњϾҎֵᙃֱᡸ⊩㤝ḜDŽԚᰃˈ㤝Ḝⱘᅲᮑᯊ䯈ϡ⹂ᅮDŽ㤝Ḝ гℷᓣ݀ᏗˈԚ䘧ݙᆍ⍝ঞ⿏ࡼ⬉䆱োⷕǃԣഔǃए⭫䆄 ॲׂᄽ ᔩ㘠Ϯ䆄ᔩㄝDŽᇚ៤ゟϧ䮼ⱘᬓᑰ䚼䮼ㅵ⧚ᅲᮑϾҎֵᙃֱ • Ⳃᔩᇚ䕃ӊѻકⱘᓔথ⫳ѻ߫ЎĀ哧ࢅ㉏āDŽ䕃ӊ݀ ᡸ⊩DŽ 59 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ CEO-Interview 0 Shanghai 0 Ϟ⍋ ĐFacing Counterfeiting Threatsđ How little-known Swiss giant Sicpa contributes to a safer world Interview, Fabian Gull th CEO Interview ጺݡ༌ Mr. Maurice A. Amon CEO of Sicpa Maurice A. Amon is the Executive Co- Mr. Maurice A. Amon, Sicpa protects duction and supply of security inks and Chairman of maybe the least known most of the world's currencies and bil- solutions for banknotes for a majority of Swiss global leader – the Lausanne lions of products. Why is the company countries around the world. In addtion based Sicpa Group. The company was hardly known to the public? Sicpa supplies similar products and founded in 1927 and is owned and man- Most of Sicpa's customers and business technologies for the protection of value aged today by the third generation of relations are government organizations documents such as passports and other the Amon family. Sicpa is the worlds and currency authorities in charge of the LGHQWLW\GRFXPHQWVWLFNHWVFHUWL¿FDWHV leading producer of security inks for banknote production as well as other go- vouchers, etc. We also capitalize on our banknotes. In this industry, confiden- vernment bodies monitoring consumables experience of protecting banknotes and tiality is crucial and public exposure distribution and related tax collections. As value documents, by offering product rather something to abstain from. To such, the public or the man-in-the-street is authentication systems for many goods The Bridge, Maurice A. Amon speaks not really aware of the security techno- facing counterfeiting threats. about trust, innovation and the security logy behind the money carried in his or her This brand protection activity includes sup- technology behind the money in your wallet, nor behind the packet of cigarettes plies of anti-counterfeiting solutions in the wallet. purchased in a tobacco shop. ¿HOGVRIIRRGZLQHDQGVSLULWVtobacco, pharmaceuticals as well as luxury pro- What precisely does Sicpa produce? ducts, all facing parallel counterfeits which We are the global leader for the pro- put people's health at risk, damage brand 60 ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Business and Economic News CEO-Interview 0 Shanghai 0 Ϟ⍋ image and reduce legal manufacturer's mutual respect. sensitive know-how stays within the revenues. company? Sicpa has also developed a special Are you contributing to a safer world? Yes, indeed! We have implemented Secure Track & Trace technology that al- We believe so! Our humble contribution strict security procedures and systems lows the control of goods distributed and to the protection against counterfeiting LQDOORXUDI¿OLDWHGRUJDQL]DWLRQV7KRVH sold in a country. This system is based RIEDQNQRWHV,'GRFXPHQWVFHUWL¿FDWHV procedures are in line with the relevant on an invisible but intelligent mark that is food, pharmaceuticals, etc., prevents, security rules and conditions imposed apposed on every product or packaging to some extend, further development of by central banks for example. Adequate and enables remote tracking of a pro- criminality, terrorism and threats to public skill and background screening is done duct from its manufacturing line to ware- health! for all new employees and much effort is houses, retailers and end-users via a spent on the training and coaching of our centralized data management base. This Counterfeiting technology progresses employees. Secure Track & Trace system prevents rapidly illicit trade, diversion of goods and pro- True! Thus, it is a must for us to always be Is the cashless society a myth or real- tects government tax revenues. well ahead of other commercially avail- ity? How do you see your business in 5 able technologies. This is why Sicpa has to 10 years? Please tell us more about your activi- a dedicated team of more than 300 scien- 7KHFDVKOHVVVRFLHW\QRWLRQ¿UVWDS- ties in China. tists and engineers located in our Swiss peared more then 20 years ago, but we Sicpa has been involved in China for KHDGTXDUWHUDVZHOODVLQRXUDI¿OLDWHG have never had so many banknotes in RYHU\HDUV7KH¿UVWPRYHZDVD organizations around the world, aiming at circulation and it is still increasing! In- transfer of security ink production tech- continuous developments of security inks deed, some payments are done by card, nology, allowing the printing of banknotes WHFKQRORJ\DQGDSSOLFDWLRQVVSHFL¿FIRU via internet or mobile phone, but a majo- on modern printing machines. For almost every banknote or each product requiring rity of people prefer to see and feel real 10 years now, we have a joint-venture protection against counterfeiting. banknotes. What we foresee is the arrival company in Beijing, producing “optically of a new generation of banknotes that variable inks” which are applied on the Who are your clients? are intelligent, carrying secured informa- current generation of banknotes in China. Our clients are government printing and tion which allows easier and safer man- Lately, Sicpa has setup two new entities, issuing authorities for banknotes and to-machine transactions. EHLQJD5HS2I¿FHDQG:RIHFRPSDQ\LQ value documents, as well as commercial Beijing, dedicated to the promotion and security printers mandated by central Any good news or scoops to tell us sales of brand authentication and track & banks. Other clients are security printers about? trace systems. related to public security and tax authori- Take a look at the Olympic Games entry ties, as well as rights holders. tickets which are protected with our color Any good or bad experiences you've shifting inks technology and be ready to made in China? How do you manage technology and grab a few new Olympic commemorative We've had only good experiences with FRQ¿GHQWLDOLW\LQWKLVYHU\VHQVLWLYH EDQNQRWHVLVVXHGLQ&KLQDIRUWKH¿UVW &KLQD:HDUHEHQH¿WLQJIURPDYHU\ business sector of security ink and time in the history of the Olympic Games, trustful relation with our partners, which solutions? Are there special recruit- DQGZKLFKLQFOXGHVDZRUOGZLGH¿UVWQHZ was built over many years, and based on ment practices in order to ensure that security technology we have developed. 61 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ CEO-Interview 0 Shanghai 0 Ϟ⍋ Đ௬ܔ࿁ሰྰၾđ ๘হڦሰ߸Ҿඇٶ๗ཀྵဍਖ਼өසࢆڦးྺටኪ 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ th CEO Interview ጺݡ༌ 15 Mr. Maurice A. Amon CEO of Sicpa ᆶనၵǛۼਜ਼ࢽڦ ଚકDŽ䖭༫㋏㒳߽⫼㕂Ѣ↣ϔѻકࣙ㺙 ࡍࠅິڦဍਖ਼өणཷీ๘হฉፌးྺටኪ ๗ඇ൰ଶံഓᄽLjࠅິጺև࿋ᇀෝLjܸ Ϟⱘ᮴ᔶᱎ㛑ᷛ䆄ˈ䗮䖛䲚Ё᭄ㅵ⧚ᑧ ៥Ӏⱘᅶ᠋ࣙᣀ䋳䋷䩲⼼᳝Ӌ䆕ࠌॄࠊ ኴႜޭዷ ᅲ⦄Ң⫳ѻ㒓ࠄҧᑧˈҢ䳊ଂଚࠄ㒜ッ⍜ থ㸠ⱘᬓᑰᴎᵘǃফЁ༂䫊㸠ྨᠬⱘଚϮڦMaurice A. Amonኟࠅິ 䴲 䰆ӾॄࠋଚˈϢ݀݅ᅝܼࡵ䚼䮼Ⳍ݇ܡဝăဍਖ਼өࠅິׯ૬ᇀ1927Ljణമᆯ 䌍㗙ⱘܼ䎳䏾DŽ䰆Ӿ䎳䏾㋏㒳ৃ䙓 Ljժᆯഄ ⊩䌌ᯧ⌕䗮ˈֱᡸᬓᑰᬊDŽ ⱘ䰆Ӿॄࠋଚҹঞᴗ߽ҎDŽܦीටቨپෙڼڦAmonॆፃ ๘ڦᆩݞ࿁ᆳఏଶᇘה࠶ăဍਖ਼ө ă ሞݞ࿁ᆳఏࢅݞ࿁ਦݛӄኄᅃटྺ௺ߌۯᅃၵऄڦহଶံิׂฆăሞኄᅃଶᇘLjԍႠ࠲ ൩ም༌༌ࡍࠅິሞዐࡔ ႜᄽዐLjࡍࠅິසࢆ࠶रຍLjԍࢺڦ ᢰϢЁⱘϮࡵᕔᴹᏆ䍙䖛25ᑈDŽ߱ܟዘᄲܸࠅዚ࠼ඐՂႷՆ௨ăሞൃሗኾLj 䫵 ǛྺՆ௨ኄၵऐጆኪྔႅLjࠅິڦMaurice A. Amonᇑ்༑༪କബԈዐ ড়ᰃ䰆Ӿ⊍⫳ѻᡔᴃⱘ䕀䅽ˈՓᕫ ऐ ᇵ߾ቲࡀۨǛڦᆶ༬՚ޏႎतݞ࿁रຍă ⦄ҷॄࠋᴎ㛑⫼Ѣ䩲⼼ॄࠋDŽ10ᑈࠡˈ ظ႑ඪĂڦԝࢫה ៥Ӏ࣫Ҁ៤ゟড়䌘ӕϮˈ⫼Ѣ⫳ѻܝᄺ ᔧ✊᳝ʽ៥Ӏ᠔᳝ⱘ䰘ሲᴎᵘ䛑ᅲ㸠ϹḐ ব㡆⊍DŽ䆹⊍Ꮖᑨ⫼ѢⳂࠡЁ⌕䗮 ⱘᅝܼᑣㅵ⧚ࠊᑺDŽ䖭ѯᑣヺড়Ⳍ ٷMaurice A. AmonံิLjဍਖ਼өྺඇ൰ ᢰজ࣫Ҁ ݇ⱘᅝܼ㾘ᅮᴵӊˈ՟བЁ༂䫊㸠ⱘ㾘ܟຕऋԼࢅबๆᅢׂ༵ࠃݞ࿁ԍࢺLj ⱘҎ⇥Ꮥ⼼䴶ϞDŽ᳔䖥ˈ䫵ܠ ဍਖ਼өྺࢆးྺࠅዚኪ఼Ǜ ៤ゟњϸᆊᮄⱘ݀ৌˈRep Of¿ce Wofe ᅮᴵӊDŽᇍѢ᠔᳝ᮄਬᎹˈ៥Ӏ䳔䖯㸠 䫵ܟᢰⱘᅶ᠋Ϯࡵ݇㋏ᰃᬓᑰ㒘 ݀ৌˈЏ㽕Ңџક⠠䡈ᅮ䰆Ӿ䎳䏾㋏㒳 ܙߚⱘᡔᴃ㚠᱃ㄯ䗝ˈᑊᇍ݊䖯㸠ܙߚ 㒛ǃㅵ⧚䋻Ꮥথ㸠ⱘᴎᵘҹঞⲥⴷ⍜䌍ક ⱘᑓ䫔ଂDŽ ⱘ䆁ᣛᇐDŽ ߚ䜡Ⳍ݇ᬊⱘᬓᑰᅲԧDŽ㗠݀ӫ᱂ ځঢ়૦සࢆLjԀ࣏ሧǛ ၄ূมࣷหࣆ࣏၄ํǛሹᄣੂڦ䗮ⱒྦྷᑊϡӮᛣҪӀ䪅ࣙЁⱘ䩲⼼䞛⫼ ࡍࠅິሞዐࡔ ቛǛ݀ڦ10ڟԩ⾡䰆ӾᡔᴃˈᰃҢ⚳㤝ଚᑫфࠄⱘ佭 ៥ӀЁⱘ㒣ग़䴲ᐌẦʽ㒣䖛ᑈⱘࡾ ࡍࠅິ࿄ઠ5 ⚳Ⲧ䞛⫼ԩ⾡䰆ӾᡔᴃDŽ ˈ៥ӀϢড়ӭԈᓎゟњⳌѦᇞ䞡ǃᕐ ᮴⦄䞥⼒Ӯⱘᛇ⊩ᮽᑈࠡህ᳝DŽ៥ 䖭Мⱘ⌕䗮䩲⼼ˈᑊ⦃ڣℸֵӏⱘড়݇㋏ˈঠᮍഛ㦋Ⲟࣾ⌙DŽ ӀҢ᳝䖛 ຫLjဍਖ਼өิׂׂ๊Ǜ Ϩ᭄݊䞣䖬ϡᮁࡴʽᅲ䰙Ϟˈ᳝ѯᬃںጚඓ ๘হܸ౮૰Ǜ Ҭᰃ߽⫼䫊㸠व䗮䖛Ѧ㘨㔥ᴎᅠ៤ڦሰ߸ҾඇٶሞྺޏᮍḜᮍ䴶ˈ៥Ӏᰃ ࡍࠅິއ䰆Ӿ⊍䩲⼼㾷 Ϫ⬠乚ܜⱘ⫳ѻଚկᑨଚˈЎܼ⧗᭄ ៥Ӏ䅸Ўᰃ䖭ḋⱘʽҢᶤ⾡ᑺ㗠㿔ˈ៥ ⱘˈԚ㒱᭄Ҏ䖬ᰃ୰ᅲᅲⱘ ᆊᦤկ⾡ѻકDŽℸˈ䫵ܟᢰгЎϔ Ӏ䩲⼼ǃ䑿ӑ䆕ӊǃ䆕кǃ亳કǃ㥃ક 䩲⼼DŽ ѯ᳝Ӌ䆕ࠌⱘ䰆Ӿᦤկ㉏ԐѻકⳌ݇ᡔ 䰆Ӿ乚ඳߎⱘ㓉㭘䋵⤂гৠḋ䰏ℶњ⢃ ៥Ӏ乘⌟ˈᮄϔҷ䩲⼼ᕜᖿህӮߎ⦄DŽᮄ ˈ⼼ᴃˈབᡸ✻ǃ݊ᅗ䑿ӑ䆕ӊǃ⼼ǃ䆕кǃ 㔾ǃᘤᗪЏНⱘ䖯ϔℹথሩˈֱᡸњҎӀ ϔҷ䩲⼼ᰃᨎᏺᅝֵܼᙃⱘᱎ㛑࣪䩲 ᒋDŽ 㛑ᅲ⦄ᮍ֓ǃᅝܼⱘҎᴎѸᯧDŽع߁䆕ㄝㄝDŽ៥Ӏг߽⫼៥Ӏ䩲⼼䞡㽕 ⱘ ᭛ӊ䰆Ӿᮍ䴶ⱘ㒣偠ˈЎ䆌䴶ЈӾ䗴࿕ ܁ڦ㚕ⱘଚકᦤկѻક䡈ᅮ㋏㒳DŽક⠠ֱᡸࣙ ఫݞ࿁रຍტ݀ቛčč ࣏ᆶ๊ࡻၩတईፌႎၩတཪߴ் ᣀЎ亳કǃ䜦ǃ⚳㤝ǃ㥃કঞ༶՜કㄝᦤ ⱘ⹂བℸʽℸˈ៥Ӏᖙ乏ྟ㒜䍄ଚϮ ኁǛ կ䰆Ӿ㾷އᮍḜˈЎ䖭ѯ乚ඳ䛑䴶Јⴔ ࣪ᡔᴃⱘࠡ⊓DŽ䫵ܟᢰᢹ᳝ϔᬃ⬅ৡ ⳟⳟ䞛⫼៥Ӏⱘব㡆⊍ᡔᴃॄࠋ㗠៤ⱘ Ӿ䗴કⱘ࿕㚕ˈ䖭ѯӾࡷѻકϡԚॅᆇҎ ⾥ᄺᆊᎹᏜ㒘៤ⱘϧϮಶ䯳ˈ䖭ѯ⾥ ༹䖤䮼⼼ˈ䖬༹᳝䖤Ӯग़Ϟ佪থ㸠ⱘ ᒋˈᤳണક⠠ᔶ䈵ˈ㗠Ϩॅঞড়⊩ ᄺᆊᎹᏜ䘡Ꮧ⨲ᘏ䚼ঞܼ݊⧗䰘ሲ 㑾ᗉᏕˈ䆹㑾ᗉᏕेᇚЁথ㸠ˈ䖭ѯعӀⱘ ⫳ѻଚⱘ߽ⲞDŽ ᴎᵘDŽ䆹ಶ䯳ྟ㒜㟈Ѣⷨথ⫼Ѣ䩲⼼ 㑾ᗉᏕℷᰃ䞛⫼៥Ӏᮄᓔথⱘ䰆Ӿᡔᴃॄ ᢰ䖬ᓔথߎњ⡍⅞ⱘ䰆Ӿ䎳䏾ᡔᴃˈ 䳔䰆Ӿֱᡸѻકⱘ䰆Ӿ⊍ˈᑊϡᮁᢧሩ ࠊ㗠៤ˈ㗠䖭гᰃ䆹ᡔᴃϪ⬠㣗ೈݙ佪ܟ䫵 Ѣ⫳ѻଚࠊϔϾᆊ䫔ଂߚ䫔ⱘ ᮄⱘᑨ⫼ඳDŽ Փ⫼DŽ֓ 62 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Tax Update 0 ࡵᮄⶹ China Steps Up in Transfer Pricing The rules of the game have changed By Curt Kinsky (China), Kerstin Heidrich (Switzerland), Rainer Hausmann (Switzerland) of Ernst & Young hile a number of drafts of transfer pricing compliance Summary regulations have been put forward by the State Ad- • Annual Reporting of Related Party Transactions – Purchasing ministration of Taxation ("SAT") over the past years, and Sales Won 21 March 2008 the SAT selectively circulated a • Annual Reporting of Related Party Transactions – Services comprehensive ¿nal draft regulation entitled "The Regulation of • Annual Reporting of Related Party Transactions – Financing Special Tax Adjustments (Provisional, Draft for Discussion)". This • Annual Reporting of Related Party Transactions – Assets Trans- draft regulation (the "Draft Regulation") is largely, but not exclu- fer sively, about transfer pricing. • Annual Reporting of Related Party Transactions – Thin Capital- It is the third piece in the progression of tax law development ization in China. The Draft Regulation is a Guoshuifa, which is the SAT's • Annual Reporting of Related Party Transactions – Foreign Re- administrative guidance to tax auditors and taxpayers. The Draft mittance Regulation is in accord with the relevant articles of the Corporate • Annual Reporting of Overseas Investments Income Tax Law ("CIT Law") and Corporate Income Tax Law • Annual Reporting of Controlled Foreign Corporations Implementation Rules ("CITLIR"). Both the CIT Law and CITLIR Additionally, attached to the Draft Regulation were other took effect on 1 January 2008. When the Draft Regulation is ¿- forms that will be used by tax inspectors at the provincial and lo- nalized, it will also have the same effective date, and China will cal tax district levels when conducting a tax audit on transfer pric- ¿nally be on par with its major trading partners insomuch as hav- ing as well as when communicating their ¿ndings within the tax ing detailed implementing regulations is concerned. The Draft authority and to the taxpayer. Regulation has thirteen (13) chapters and one hundred twenty Make no mistake about it, the Draft Regulation and its sup- (120) articles: porting forms are very comprehensive and detailed. As with most 1. General Principles (Articles 1 through 6) guidance throughout the globe on transfer pricing, there remain 2. Related Party Transactions (Articles 7 through 10) open issues and a continued need for clarity, but for the most 3. Contemporaneous Documentation (Articles 11 through 21) part, the Draft Regulation puts forward a framework that taxpay- 4. Transfer Pricing Methods (Articles 22 through 29) ers can understand and largely follow albeit with related adminis- 5. Transfer Pricing Tax Audit Investigation and Taxable Income trative effort. Adjustment (Articles 30 through 47) 6. Advanced Pricing Agreement (Articles 48 through 63) Immediate attention 7. Cost Sharing Arrangement (Articles 64 through 77) Immediate attention should be paid by taxpayers to Articles 8. Administrative Guidance Concerning the Controlled Foreign 13 and 14 which outline the requirements concerning the prepa- Corporation (Articles 78 through 86) ration and maintenance of transfer pricing documentation. Tax- 9. Administrative Guidance Regarding Thin Capitalization (Ar- payers with related party transactions cumulatively in excess of ticles 87 through 94) RMB 100 million must prepare full scope documentation. Those 10. General Anti-Avoidance Principles (Articles 95 through 100) taxpayers with cumulative related party transactions between 11. Transfer Pricing Adjustment, Double Taxation, and Interna- RMB 20 million and 100 million can prepare simpli¿ed documen- tional Treaty Obligations/Negotiations (Articles 101 through 107) tation. Certain taxpayers will be exempt from preparing docu- 12. Legal Obligations, Fines, Interest & Penalties (Articles 109 mentation. In Article 14, a taxpayer that satis¿es any one of the through 115) following criteria is exempted from the preparation, maintenance 13. Supplementary Provisions (Articles 116 through 120) and submission of contemporaneous documents: As an attachment, yet integral to the Draft Regulation, the SAT 1. Annual related party transaction amount is lower than RMB 20 also circulated drafts of various forms that must be ¿led (if certain million; conditions are met) with an annual tax return. These include: 2. The taxpayer is in a period covered by an effective Advance • Annual Reporting of Related Party Transactions – Related Parties Pricing Agreement ("APA") • Annual Reporting of Related Party Transactions – Transaction 3. The taxpayer involved in related party transactions with do- 64 ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Business and Economic News Tax Update0 ࡵᮄⶹ mestic related parties (excluding Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR can adjust to the median or above at his discretion. The Draft and Taiwan area). Regulation therefore only recognizes a range of arm's length Our detailed review of the Draft Regulation has revealed a results as a tool to ¿nd a median, not as a range per se where a number of matters that will affect all China taxpayers (both do- taxpayer can legitimately ¿nd itself below the median. We believe mestically headquartered companies and foreign invested enter- the threshold of the adjustment should include points other than prises). We focus in this Article on ¿ve of these matters which we the "median" such as the "lower quartile" to upper quartile of an hope will be addressed differently in the ¿nal Regulation. interquartile range, which has clearly become international stan- dard. However, where a taxpayer has not prepared contempora- 1. 20% Ownership Threshold neous documentation, the SAT would appear well within reason The Draft Regulation sets the threshold for "related party to adjust that taxpayer to the median of a range thereby ignoring definition" at 20%, which is lower than the stipulated ratios of any points lower than the median (e.g., in the absence of transfer other members of OECD. We believe that a higher ownership ra- pricing documentation, then Article 42 applies). tio would be appropriate (e.g., 25%) and aligned with practices in other major trading countries, or to grant exceptions to taxpayers 5.Information Disclosure under Mutual Agreement Procedure. Not only numerous tax-return disclosure forms are requested in the draft, but also certain offshore group-level ¿nancial data are 2. Criteria for Application of Advance Pricing Agreement required. ("APA") However, disclosure of excess information will be a burden According to the draft, for those taxpayers who do not ¿tthe on taxpayers. We consider that reducing the number of new pro¿le of encouraged applicants (e.g., at least 10 years of operat- forms and/or enhancing relevant ones of the current forms is a ing history), APAs are not accessible and therefore, they should more ef¿cient approach. As for overseas group-level data, infor- not apply because the SAT will not permit them into the APA pro- mation requests ought to align fully with information sharing ar- gram. The reason for such a requirement is that the SAT would ticles in the relevant tax treaties. For foreign invested enterprises, like to see the applicant's history before entrusting them with the it will not be easy to meet requirements for notarized financial APA opportunity. statements from related parties outside China. We believe the APA should be applied to a larger scope of taxpayers to mitigate tax uncertainty in their operations, with What to do to prepare for ¿nal regulation? perhaps the criteria for APA application being relaxed to e.g., 5 It is clear from our ongoing discussions with the SAT that years of operating history. In addition, it would be helpful to have there will not be any grace period for China taxpayers with regard greater clarity around whether the speci¿c taxpayer legal entity to transfer pricing and the implementation of the CIT Law, the is required to have this operating history or whether the taxpayer CITLIR and now the underlying administrative guidance. Hence, group can rely on its history (i.e., the group has been operating in to be in full compliance, taxpayers in China will need transfer China for many years through other legal entities). pricing documentation in place by 31 May 2009. This means that resources, internal and external, need to be marshaled now. Our 3. Contemporaneous Documentation [needs to describe the experience with multinational groups operating in China is that concept of "Contemporaneous Documentation"] those operations take place through multiple legal entities with It becomes a must for taxpayers to prepare and maintain rel- transaction Àows both purely domestic and cross border. The ¿rst evant contemporaneous documentation, regarding related party step a taxpayer must do now is to determine the applicability of transactions for each taxable year, and submit them to the tax guidance to all of its Chinese legal entities; i.e., which entity re- bureau when requested, probably within 15 days upon request. quires no documentation versus limited or full scope documenta- Detailed requirements on the transfer pricing documentation tion. report are also provided and the corresponding rules on interest The second step is to determine the applicability of compo- and penalties are also included. Based on the Draft Regulation, nents of a global transfer pricing Master File to China and Chi- all documents must be in Chinese including any intercompany nese operations. Clearly, where a taxpayer can appropriately le- contracts. verage documentation prepared outside China, it should to avoid We consider the 15-day preparation time to be too limiting expending valuable time and resources on redundant information for taxpayers. In addition, more clari¿cation needs to be provided gathering. on several aspects such as the provision of guidelines on the Third, a taxpayer needs to understand from a Chinese per- quality of documentation, the contemporaneous nature, etc. spective what additional, China speci¿c work needs to be done on an entity by entity basis. And last, the taxpayer needs to get 4. Transfer Pricing Adjustment Threshold that work done prior from now until Spring next year. According to the current draft, if the pro¿tability of a tested party In summary, China has stepped up and with the pending release is lower than the median of the comparable range, in principle of the ¿nal regulation is now on par with global trading partners the tested party should be adjusted up to a level not lower than when it comes to a regulatory framework for transfer pricing. Giv- the median. en China's role in global trade, it is important to note that the CIT The requirements of this article are tough. In other words, Law, CITLIR, and draft administrative guidance are, in fact, very if a taxpayer uses the classical transfer pricing technique of an reasoned and comprehensive. In many respects they draw upon interquartile range of arm's length results and ¿nds itself in that best practice from other countries. As with most, if not all, tax law range, but below the median, then the Chinese tax inspector there remains uncertainty, but this is a great leap forward. 65 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Tax Update 0 ࡵᮄⶹ ዐࡔገඟۨॏም ᆴဥࡀሶᅙঢ়߀Վ 作者: Curt Kinsky (Ё), Kerstin Heidrich (⨲), Rainer Hausmann (⨲) ， ᅝ∌Ӯ䅵Ꮬџࡵ᠔ 䅽ᅮӋЁᮍ݈㡒ˈ݊␌៣㾘߭г㒣ग़ⴔϡᮁഄ 䕀䅽ᅮӋⳌ݇Пࡵᅵ䅵ᯊˈҹঞϢࡵᴎ݇㒇Ҏ≳䗮݊䇗 থሩব࣪DŽЁࡵᴎ݇ᮽᏆᯢ⹂ⱘᇚᇍ䕀䅽ᅮӋⱘⲥ ᶹ㒧ᵰᯊ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ฿ݭⱘ㸼ḐDŽ ঞ݊⊩㾘ⱘᠻ㸠߫ЎࡵᎹ䞡⚍DŽ ↿᮴⭥䯂ˈ䆹㾘ঞ݊᠔䰘㸼Ḑݙᆍ䴲ᐌ䆺ሑ㗠ܼ䴶ˈሑㅵ 䕀 ሑㅵᆊࡵᘏሔ˄ㅔ⿄Āሔā˅䖛এ Ϣܼ⧗䕀䅽ᅮӋᣛᇐ᭛ӊϔḋˈ䆹㾘ҡ᳝䳔ϡᮁᯢ⹂ⱘݙ ᑈ䞠㤝ᢳњӑ᳝݇䕀䅽ᅮӋ᭛ḷޚПᅜ߭,ԚሔձᮻѢ ᆍҹঞᅲᮑय़ˈԚ݊ԧЎ㒇Ҏᦤկњৃҹ⧚㾷ঞ䙉ᕾⱘḚ 2008ᑈ3᳜21᮹ϔᅮ㣗ೈݙϟথњৡЎlj⡍߿㒇䇗ᭈㅵ⧚ ᶊDŽ 㾘˄䆩㸠˅ˉ䅼䆎〓NJⱘ᳔㒜㗠ܼ䴶ⱘ㤝ᢳ㾘˄ㅔ⿄Ā㾘 㒇Ҏᑨᇸ݊⊼ᛣ䆹㾘П13ǃ14乍ᴵℒˈ݊Ё߫ߎњ䕀 Ҏܗঞֱᄬ㽕∖DŽᑈᑺ݇㘨Ѹᯧ䞥乱䍙䖛1ғޚā˅DŽ㾘Ё䚼ߚԚᑊ䴲ܼ䚼ݙᆍᰃ݇Ѣ䕀䅽ᅮӋⱘDŽ 䅽ᅮӋ䌘᭭ⱘ 䆹㾘ᰃЁ⊩থሩ䖯Ёϝ䚼к䴶ゴˈሲѢথ ⇥ᏕⱘЁᮍ㒇ӕϮˈᖙ乏ޚܼ䴶ⱘ݇㘨Ѹᯧৠᳳ䌘᭭DŽᑈᑺ ᭛ӊˈ㗠থ᭛ӊᰃሔ䩜ᇍࡵᅵ䅵ঞ㒇Ҏⱘ㸠ᬓᣛ ㌃䅵݇㘨Ѹᯧ䞥乱ϸगϛܗ㟇ϔғܗҎ⇥ᏕП䯈ⱘЁᮍ㒇ӕ ᇐDŽ䆹㾘ᰃḍ2008ᑈ1᳜1᮹⫳ᬜⱘӕϮ᠔ᕫ⊩ঞ݊ᅲᮑ㒚 Ϯৃޚㅔᯧⱘৠᳳ䌘᭭DŽᴵℒ14߭߫ߎሲѢϟ߫ᚙᔶПϔⱘӕ ˖ǃֱᄬᦤկৠᳳ䌘᭭ޚѢܡৃˈ߭ⱘⳌ݇ᴵℒࠊᅮⱘDŽᔧ䆹㾘ⱘ᳔㒜〓݀Ꮧᯊˈ݊ᮑ㸠᮹ᳳৠ Ϯ Ў2008ᑈ1᳜1᮹DŽ䖭ᇚӮ฿㸹Ё䕀䅽ᅮӋᅲᮑ㒚߭乚ඳⱘぎ 1ˊᑈᑺ݇㘨Ѹᯧ䞥乱ϸगϛܗҹϟ; ;ⱑˈҢ㗠ՓЁ䕀䅽ᅮӋᮍ䴶Ϣ݊Џ㽕䌌ᯧӭԈⳌᇍᑨⱘ 2ˊ乘㑺ᅮӋᅝᥦ᳝ᬜᳳݙ 㾘ձDŽ 3ˊҙϢ๗ݙ˄ϡ佭␃⡍߿㸠ᬓऎǃ▇䮼⡍߿㸠ᬓऎৄഄ⫣ 䆹㾘݅䅵कϝゴϔⱒѠकᴵℒ˖ ऎ˅݇㘨ᮍথ⫳݇㘨ѸᯧDŽ 1ˊᘏ߭˄ᴵℒ1ˉ6˅ 㒣ᅝ∌Ё䕀䅽ᅮӋᇣ㒘˄ㅔ⿄Āᅝ∌āĀ៥Ӏā˅ⱘҨ 㘨⬇ϢᅵḌ˄ᴵℒ7ˉ10˅ 㒚ⷨおˈ៥Ӏথ⦄ӮᇍЁ㒇ӕϮ˄ࣙᣀᘏ䚼ԡѢݙⱘӕϮ݇ˊ2 3ˊৠᳳ䌘᭭ㅵ⧚˄ᴵℒ11ˉ21˅ ҹঞ䌘ӕϮ˅ѻ⫳ᕅડⱘϔ㋏߫䯂乬ˈᴀ᭛䞡⚍߫ߎҹϟѨ⚍ 4ˊ䕀䅽ᅮӋᮍ⊩˄ᴵℒ22ˉ29˅ 䯂乬ˈᑊᏠᳯ䆹㾘᳔㒜ᅮ〓ᯊ㛑ᕫҹ㾷އDŽ 5ˊ䕀䅽ᅮӋ䇗ᶹঞ䇗ᭈ˄ᴵℒ30ˉ47˅ Քጚڦ乘㑺ᅮӋᅝᥦ˄ᴵℒ48ˉ63˅ 1.ॽᆛᆶ20%ࠣፕྺহۨ࠲ݛˊ6 7ˊ៤ᴀߚ᨞ण䆂˄ᴵℒ64ˉ77˅ 㾘Ёᇚ⬠ᅮ݇㘨ӕϮⱘ㙵ᴗ↨՟ᷛޚ䆒Ў20%ˈ䖭ϔᷛޚ 8ˊফӕϮㅵ⧚˄ᴵℒ78ˉ86˅ ԢѢ䚼ߚ㒣⌢ড়Ϣথሩ㒘㒛៤ਬⱘⳌ݇ᷛޚDŽ៥Ӏ䅸 䗖ᔧᦤ催↨⥛˄՟བ㟇25ˁ˅ˈ㗙ᇍ⫣خ䌘ᴀᔅ࣪ㅵ⧚˄ᴵℒ87ˉ94˅ Ўৃখ㗗݊Ҫᆊⱘˊ9 10ˊϔ㠀ড䙓˄ᴵℒ95ˉ100˅ Ѣ⍝ঞঠ䖍ᬊणᅮⱘӕϮ㒭ќ՟DŽ 11ˊⳌᑨ䇗ᭈঞ䰙⺟ଚ˄ᴵℒ101ˉ107˅ ཉॲڦᕟ䋷ӏ˄ᴵℒ109ˉ115˅ 2.ฤ൩ᇨሀۨॏҾಇ⫣ˊ12 13ˊ䰘߭˄ᴵℒ116ˉ120˅ ḍ⦄᳝ⱘ䅼䆎〓ˈᇍѢ䙷ѯϡ⒵䎇⬇䇋乘㑺ᅮӋᅝᥦᴵӊ Ў䰘ӊৠᯊгᰃ㾘ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚПϔˈሔৠᯊϟথњ ⱘ㒇Ҏ˄՟བˈᅲ䰙㒣㧹ᳳ䰤ᇥѢ10ᑈ˅ˈሔϡ哧ࢅ݊ᦤ ߎ㾘ᅮⱘॳᰃˈሔᏠᳯ㒭ќӕϮخ䖒ࠄϔᅮᴵӊᯊ䳔ϢᑈᑺӕϮ᠔ᕫ⬇ϔৠ฿ⱘ⾡㸼 ߎ⬇䇋DŽᇍ㒣㧹ᳳ䰤 Ḑˈࣙᣀ˖ ѿফ乘㑺ᅮӋᅝᥦᕙ䘛Пࠡ㛑џܜњ㾷䆹ӕϮⱘ㒣㧹ग़DŽ ᑈᑺ݇㘨Ϯࡵᕔᴹਞ㸼ˉ݇㘨݇㋏ ៥Ӏ䅸Ў乘㑺ᅮӋᅝᥦᑨ䆹䖤⫼Ѣᑓ⊯ⱘ㒇ӕϮˈҹ֓ ・ ・ ᑈᑺ݇㘨Ϯࡵᕔᴹਞ㸼ˉ݇㘨Ѹᯧ∛ᘏ Ѣ݊㾘䙓㒣㧹Ёⱘ亢䰽ˈབᬒᵒ乘㑺ᅮӋᅝᥦⱘ⬇䇋ᴵӊ㟇5ᑈ ・ ᑈᑺ݇㘨Ϯࡵᕔᴹਞ㸼ˉ䌁䫔 㒣㧹ᳳ䰤DŽˈৃ䖯ϔℹᯢ⹂ℸ㒣㧹ᳳ䰤ᰃ䗖⫼Ѣԧ㒇Ҏ ・ ᑈᑺ݇㘨Ϯࡵᕔᴹਞ㸼ˉࢇࡵ ⱘ⊩ᕟᅲԧ䖬ᰃ䆹㒇䲚ಶ˄՟བˈᶤ䲚ಶ䗮䖛݊Ҫ⊩ᕟᅲԧ DŽ˅މᑈᑺ݇㘨Ϯࡵᕔᴹਞ㸼ˉ㵡䗮䌘䞥 ݙ㒣㧹ᑈⱘᚙ ・ ・ ᑈᑺ݇㘨Ϯࡵᕔᴹਞ㸼ˉ䌘ѻ䕀䅽 ጚԢڦڗᑈᑺ݇㘨Ϯࡵᕔᴹਞ㸼ˉ䌘ᴀᔅ࣪ 3.ཞ࿔ ・ ˈᑊֱᄬ݊݇㘨Ѹᯧⱘৠᳳ䌘᭭ޚᑈᑺ݇㘨Ϯࡵᕔᴹਞ㸼ˉ๗ᬃҬℒ乍 㒇Ҏᖙ乏ᣝ㒇ᑈᑺ ・ ਞ㸼 ᑊϨࡵሔ㽕∖ৢ15᮹ݙᦤѸDŽ⊩㾘гࣙᣀњ䕀䅽ᅮӋ᭛ḷⱘމӕϮᑈᑺᇍᡩ䌘ᚙ ・ ・ ফӕϮᑈᑺਞ㸼 ԧ㽕∖ҹঞⳌᑨⱘ߽ᙃ㔮ℒDŽḍ㾘ˈ᠔᳝ⱘ᭛ӊࣙᣀ݇ 䆹㾘䖬䰘ࡴњϔѯⳕ㑻ঞഄᮍࡵᅵᶹҎਬ䖯㸠Ϣ 㘨ᮍড়ৠˈᖙ乏⫼Ё᭛䆄䕑DŽ˄ϟ䕀70义˅ 66 ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Business and Economic News Tax Update0 ࡵᮄⶹ We have always been as global as we are today. And are still as personal as we have always been. Gondrand is an international freight forwarder and logistics provider. Our network brings together experts from the most diverse countries and cultures. Their vast experience ensures tailored services for cus- tomers and personal attention that shows the way forward. www.gondrand-logistics.com GO-TRANS (HONG KONG) LIMITED Room 1001-1003, 10th Floor, Fullerton Centre No. 19 Hung To Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, S.A.R., Phone 852-3423 1000 Fax 852-2796 8010, E-mail [email protected] GO-TRANS (SHANGHAI) LIMITED 5/F, Zhonghui Office Building No. 108 Zhaojiabang Road, Shanghai, P.R. of China, Postal code 200020 Phone 86-21-6472 0111, Fax 86-21-3406 0383, E-mail [email protected] 67 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Case Study 0!Ḝ߫ߚᵤ Flavor Solutions By David Polansky and Dawina Fahrni of CH-ina s one of the three leading companies in the fragrance and ployees worldwide, it is the world's largest private company in the ÀDYRULQGXVWU\)LUPHQLFKGLVFRYHUVDQGFUHDWHVSHUIXPHV sector. Firmenich is dedicated to creating high quality fragrances flavors and ingredients for manufacturers in the fields of DQGÀDYRUVIRULWVFXVWRPHUVLQWKHLUZHOONQRZQFRQVXPHUEUDQGV Aperfume, cosmetics, household products, food and bever- with a number of bestsellers in world markets. ages. Firmenich views human resources as its main asset. The Since 1989, Firmenich has achieved an average annual growth company ensures that employees are recognized for their talent, rate of over 8%. This is in line with its long-term strategy of industry- behavior and integrity, and attaches great importance to selecting leading organic growth and targeted acquisitions that complete its employees who will carry on the Firmenich tradition. By creating an product portfolio. With 57 operations and 19 agencies worldwide, environment in which employees are valued, motivated and encour- the company is growing steadily, with sales increases in all geo- aged to reach their full potential, and by rewarding them accord- JUDSKLFUHJLRQVDQGSDUWLFXODUO\VWURQJJURZWKLQWKH$VLD3DFL¿F ingly, Kunming Firmenich Aromatics (herewith known as Kunming North America and Eastern Europe. Firmenich) has successfully managed to recruit, develop and retain talents in China's competitive HR market. Firmenich in China Number of employees 400 More than 110 years in China Founded in 1895 in Geneva, Switzerland, Firmenich has been Presence in China Shanghai, Kunming, committed to its clients for more than 110 years. The company has Guangzhou, Beijing UHPDLQHGDIDPLO\RZQHGEXVLQHVVDQGSUHVHUYHVLWV¿QDQ- cial independence through a low level of debt. Today, Firmenich is DPRQJWKHWRSWKUHHFRPSDQLHVLQWKHIUDJUDQFHDQGÀDYRULQGXVWU\ Encouraging camaraderie and with a world market share of around 14% and over 4,800 em- Like any company in China's competitive market, Firmenich 68 ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Business and Economic News Case Study 0!Ḝ߫ߚᵤ offering competitive remuneration packages is a must. Training Of course, all hires will require further training upon entering the company. Much of this is basic on-site training, relating to the VSHFL¿FSRVLWLRQV7KLVLQFOXGHVVDIHW\WUDLQLQJDQGWKUHHPRQWKVRI on-the-job training during the initial probation period. There are also off-site training courses provided by a local training organization with which Firmenich has a yearly contract. Free English classes are available to all employees who wish to learn. Employees with potential are encouraged to pursue higher education, whether a Bachelor's or Master's degree, when it proves EHQH¿FLDOWRERWKWKHFRPSDQ\DQGWKHLQGLYLGXDO7KHFRVWLVERUQH E\)LUPHQLFKSURYLGHGWKDWWKHHPSOR\HHSDVVHVWKH¿QDOH[DPV and obtains the diploma. In the event of a failure, the employees must pay the cost themselves. There is always a risk in China that employees will leave the company after intensive training periods, having increased their YDOXHDWOLWWOHSHUVRQDOFRVW+RZHYHUDVSHFL¿FSURYLVLRQLQDOOFRQ- WUDFWVVWDWHVWKDWHPSOR\HHVZKROHDYHZLWKLQ¿YH\HDUVRIUHFHLY- ing intensive training need to pay back the cost incurred at a rate RISHU\HDUUHPDLQLQJRIWKH¿YH\HDUOLPLW7KLVSURYLVLRQKDV proven to be successful. Retention VWULYHVWREHWKHSUHIHUUHGHPSOR\HUIRUTXDOL¿HGSRWHQWLDODQGFXU- 7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDQGGLI¿FXOWIDFWRUIRUDQ\FRPSDQ\RSHUDW- rent employees. This is not merely a matter of attracting and retain- ing in China is employee retention. Besides the fact that companies ing the best talent, but of developing and motivating those talents with high retention rates are more cost-effective, maintaining stability within the company structure. in the ranks allows for stronger personal bonds within the company. The company's 112-year tradition as a family-owned business This is particularly important when operating in a Chinese cultural reflects its HR philosophy and defines its recruiting, training and framework. retention practices. Firmenich's legacy meshes well with Chinese In Kunming, Firmenich is fortunate to face a relatively low level business tradition, encouraging camaraderie among its employees, of competition. Its practices have made it one of the top preferred and treating personal relationships as the cornerstone of a success- employers in the area, and employee turnover is very low. Once ful company. employees make it pass the probation period, they usually remain The group sets certain broad HR guidelines, but each location for long periods of time. A mere handful of people have voluntarily is given the leeway to tailor its specific practices to local realities, left the company in the past 12 years, and all of them had been with which is especially important in China. WKHFRPSDQ\IRUDPLQLPXPRI¿YH\HDUV Of course, much of the retention comes down to the package the Recruitment company offers to employees, including: Applied to recruitment, this philosophy initially favors promotion • Housing from within the company, whenever possible. When the desired tal- • Insurance ents are lacking, the next step is to recruit from the outside. • Safe environment (including safety training) Being located in a smaller city like Kunming, Firmenich does not • Opportunities for advancement IDFHWKHVDPHVWLIIFRPSHWLWLRQIRUWDOHQWHGPDQDJHUV7KHÀLSVLGH • Competitive salary to this equation is that there are fewer high-skilled managers than Firmenich ensures that it pays above the market average for in larger cities like Shanghai, Beijing or Guangzhou. Consequently, ERWKUHJXODUEDVHVDODU\DQGVRFLDOEHQH¿WVSOXVIUHHOLYLQJTXDUWHUV VHDUFKHVKDYHWREHPRUH¿QHO\FDOLEUDWHGWR¿QGWKHWDOHQWWKDW for lower-salaried employees. exists locally. As Kunming is a production location and is not in- YROYHGLQSURGXFWGHYHORSPHQWORFDOWDOHQWVDUHXVXDOO\VXI¿FLHQW Motivation Otherwise, potential employees in Kunming are often found The key to retention is motivation. Firstly, it is the glue that lacking in the same desired skills as throughout the Chinese labor binds employees to the company, by helping them to seek personal market: work experience, English language, technical expertise and satisfaction, at the same time giving them a stake in the success of ÀH[LELOLW\ the company. Secondly, motivation is what ensures that retention of ,IHQJLQHHULQJSRVLWLRQVRURWKHUVLJQL¿FDQWSRVWVXUJHQWO\QHHG employees is actually cost-effective for the company. It would not be WREH¿OOHGIRUDVSHFL¿FSURMHFW)LUPHQLFKPD\EULQJLQH[SDWULDWHV desirable to retain employees who are not performing at the desired from the HQ operation, as necessary. That said, out of 116 em- levels. ployees at Kunming, only two are expatriates (both managers). In Motivation for Firmenich is based on encouraging employees to almost all areas, local Chinese managers are preferred. As always, develop a sense of belonging to the company as wellas a sense of 69 Business and Economic News ฆᄽঢ়षႎ࿕ Case Study 0Ḝ߫ߚᵤ ownership. This means demonstrating to people that they are the • Performance-Based Incentives company's most valuable assets. Firmenich has a corporate bonus system based on the Group This involves a variety of complex incentives, including: results of every quarter and a local bonus system based on the yearly result of the operation. On top of these are annual pay raises, • Training determined by the performance reviews. Annual and quarterly bo- Firmenich offers continual training beyond the initial probation nuses and raises are complemented by regular internal promotions period, such as professional training classes and language classes which are consistently favored over external recruitment. to enhance employee skills. • Company Culture • Labor Union Firmenich holds a number of events, designed to enhance Firmenich has established a Company Union in order to facili- company culture, including an annual Sports Day, an annual dinner tate a number of transactions between management and staff, and ZLWKUDIÀHSUL]HVIRUDOOWKHHPSOR\HHVDQGDYDULHW\RIRWKHUVRFLDO to ensure smooth communication between the two. Employees are events to create a friendly environment. encouraged to seek out Labor Union representatives for problems Since employees remain for the long-term with Firmenich, they they may have, whether work-related or private. are encouraged to think of the company as a family. Firmenich tries to help employees with personal matters when they arise, either • Staff Meetings through the company Labor Union or directly through the HR de- The Executive Committee holds quarterly staff meetings where- partment. by employee questions are answered by the management and problems are brought to their attention. This also allows the man- Conclusion agement to keep the staff informed about local operations results Firmenich's long tradition as a family-owned business contin- and bonus system results. ues to guide its HR practices today, even in China. These practices, which foster a close and familiar working atmosphere while provid- • Performance Evaluations ing incentives to employees, serve well in retaining and motivating Firmenich evaluates the employees' performance twice a year talent. These factors, combined with its strong position within the under the Group's system – Managing and Appraising Progress and local job market, are what have allowed Firmenich to attain its HRM Performance (MAPP). The score is used to calculate the following success in China's complex business environment. year's pay raise, and for some eligible employees, their Company Performance Incentive (CPI). ˄Ϟ66义˅ ፌዕۨߡኮമᆌፔనၵጚԢǛײᯊ䯈䖛Ѣ㋻䖿ˈᓎ䆂ᓊ䭓DŽˈᑨ䆹 భටሞࡀޚ៥Ӏ䅸Ў15᮹ 㾘ᅮЎ䆺㒚ⱘ⊩㾘ˈ՟བᇍ᭛ḷ䋼䞣ⱘᣛᓩˈৠᳳ᭛ḷⱘᗻ䋼 䗮䖛៥ӀϢሔⱘϡᮁ䅼䆎ˈ⦄Ꮖᯢ⹂݇Ѣ䕀䅽ᅮӋǃᮄ ㄝDŽ ӕϮ᠔ᕫ⊩ঞ݊ᅲᮑ㒚߭ǃҹঞ䆹㾘ⱘᅲᮑˈ㒇Ҏᇚϡѿ ফᆑ䰤䖛⏵ᳳˈᬙ㒇Ҏ䳔2009ᑈ5᳜31᮹ࠡޚད䕀䅽ᅮӋ ᭛ḷˈ䖭ᛣੇⴔҢ⦄䍋䳔㽕䇗ࡼᅝᥦݙ䚼ঞ䚼ⱘ䌘⑤DŽ៥Ӏ ۅഐڦገඟۨॏۙኝ.4 ḍ䆹䅼䆎〓ˈབᵰফ⌟ӕϮ߽⍺∈ᑇԢѢৃ↨ӕϮ߽⍺⥛ ϢЁ㒣㧹ⱘ䎼䲚ಶড়ⱘ㒣偠ᰃˈҪӀ䗮䖛Ͼ⊩ᕟᅲԧ ऎ䯈Ёԡؐⱘˈॳ߭Ϟᣝ✻ϡԢѢЁԡؐ䇗ᭈDŽ 㒣㧹ˈ᮶᳝㒃㊍ݙⱘѸᯧˈг᳝䎼ⱘ݇㘨ѸᯧDŽ 䆹ᴵℒᇍѢӕϮ߽⍺∈ᑇ䇗ᭈⱘ㽕∖कߚϹḐDŽᤶহ䆱䇈ˈ 㒇Ҏᔧࠡϔℹ䳔㽕⹂ᅮ䆹㾘ᇍ݊᠔᳝ढ⊩ᕟᅲԧⱘ བᵰ㒇Ҏ⫼Ӵ㒳ⱘ䕀䅽ᅮӋᮍ⊩䅵ㅫߎ㞾Ꮕ໘Ѣಯߚԡऎඳ 䗖⫼ᗻˈ⹂ᅮાѯᅲԧϡ䳔㽕᭛ḷޚ㗠ાѯ䳔㽕䚼ߚܼ䴶ⱘ ЁैԢѢЁԡؐⱘˈࡵᅵᶹҎਬৃ㞾㸠䇗ᭈЎЁԡؐ催ѢЁ ᭛ḷDŽ ԡؐˈℸˈ䆹㾘ҙҙ䅸Ўಯߚԡऎඳᰃ⫼ᴹᡒߎЁԡؐⱘᎹ Ѡℹˈ㒇Ҏ䳔⹂ᅮ䆹ӕϮܼ⧗䕀䅽ᅮӋЏԧ᭛ḷПЁ ⱘ᭛ḷˈҹޚˈ㗠ᑊ䴲㒇Ҏ߽⍺∈ᑇৃড়⧚ⱘԢѢЁԡؐⱘऎඳDŽ៥Ӏ䅸 䚼ߚⱘ䗖⫼ᗻˈ㒇Ҏᰃ৺ৃҹ߽⫼Ёҹ ⌾䌍ᯊ䯈ঞ䌘⑤䞡ⱘֵᙃ᧰䲚ϞDŽܡ Ў䇗ᭈ⚍䰸њЁԡؐПˈ䖬ৃҹࣙᣀҢԢߚԡ㟇催ߚԡⱘ݊Ҫ ৠᳳ᭛ӊᯊˈሔ ϝˈ㒇Ҏ䳔ҢЁⱘ㾦ᑺ㗗㰥݊ᅲԧᰃ৺᳝ϢЁⳌޚDŽԚᔧ㒇Ҏ≵᳝ޚ䖭гᰃ䰙ᷛˈؐ ᳝߭⧚⬅ᇚ߽⍺∈ᑇ䇗ᭈЎЁԡؐ㗠ϡ䞛⫼ԢѢЁԡؐⱘ᭄ؐ ݇ⱘ݊ҪᎹ䳔㽕㨑ᅲDŽ 䕀䅽ᅮӋ᭛ḷˈ߭ḍಯकѠᴵ䇗 ᳔ৢˈ㒇Ҏ䳔Ң⦄ࠄᯢᑈ䖭↉ᯊ䯈ݙᅠ៤䖭ѯᎹޚ՟བˈབᵰ㒇Ҏ˄ ᭈ˅DŽ DŽ ᘏПˈЁ䕀䅽ᅮӋ⊩㾘Ḛᶊᮍ䴶Ꮖ㒣ࡴ䗳ᬍ䴽䖯ˈ䱣 5.႑တಽ ⴔ䆹㾘ⱘ᳔ৢߎৄˈгњϢ݊Џ㽕䌌ᯧӭԈⳌᇍᑨⱘ⊩㾘 㾘ϡҙ㽕∖⾡ࡵֵᙃ䴆⬇㸼ˈᶤѯᴵℒ䖬㽕∖ӕ ձDŽҹЁⳂࠡⱘܼ⧗䌌ᯧ㾦㡆㗠㿔ˈᮄӕϮ᠔ᕫ⊩ঞ݊ᅲ Ϯ䴆Ⳍᔧⱘ๗䲚ಶሖ䴶ⱘ䋶ࡵ᭄DŽ ᮑ㒚߭Ϣ䆹㾘џᅲϞᏆ䴲ᐌ䆺ሑ㗠ড়⧚ˈ݊ᕜᮍ䴶䛑䞛⫼њ ݊Ҫᆊⱘ᳔Շᮍ⊩ˈ㱑✊Ϣ݊Ҫⱘࡵ⊩ᕟ⊩㾘ϔḋгӮ᳝ϡ ✊㗠ˈ䖛ⱘֵᙃ䴆㽕∖Ӯ㒭㒇Ҏᏺᴹᕜ䋳ᢙDŽ៥Ӏ ⹂ᅮᗻˈԚ䖭Ꮖ㒣ᰃϔⱘ亲䎗DŽ 䅸Ўޣᇥᮄ㸼Ḑⱘ᭄䞣ˈᑊϨ/㗙ᇚ⦄᳝ⱘⳌ݇㸼ḐࠊᅮⱘЎ ᅠᰃ᳝ᬜ⥛ⱘᮍ⊩DŽ㟇Ѣ๗䲚ಶሖ䴶ⱘֵᙃˈֵᙃ㽕∖ᑨ ᴀߞ⠽᠔䕑䌘᭭ҹὖ㽕ᮍᓣਜ߫,ᮼ⫼ϔ㠀ᗻᣛᓩ,ϡ㛑᳓ 䆹ᅠܼヺড়ᬊणᅮЁֵ᳝݇ᙃ݅ѿᴵℒⱘ㾘ᅮDŽ䌘ӕϮ߭ᕜ ҷ䆺㒚ⷨおߎϧϮ߸ᮁDŽᅝ∌Ёᅝ∌ܼ⧗ᴎᵘЁӏԩ៤ 䲒䖒ࠄ๗݇㘨ӕϮ݀䆕ⱘ䋶ࡵ㸼㽕∖DŽ ਬὖϡᇍӏԩҎḍᴀߞ⠽ⱘӏԩ䌘᭭䞛পϡ䞛প㸠ࡼ㗠ᓩ 㟈ⱘᤳ༅ᡓᢙӏԩ䋷ӏDŽ䯕ϟᑨ䗖ᔧ乒䯂ᶹ䆶ӏԩԧџᅰDŽ 70 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Chinese Leader Interview 0!Ё乚ᇐ㗙䆓䇜 ĐThis is God s Artđ “Stone appreciation” is not a mountain sport but an art form Interview, Fabian Gull Hehadbeenintroducedtomeasa Mr.Liu,thisisnothowIusuallystart to appreciate nature and art, basically former army instructor of the Chinese interviews, but what I see is simply everything peaceful. He started collect- Army, with strategy and tactics as a breathtaking! ing some ancient items and stones. So special ¿eld, but whose "other" inter- Thank you. Most people's reaction is like I also started collecting stones as a kid. est is in collecting stones. And there yours when they ¿rst come here. Later on when I served in the army for 20 I was, standing in front of this huge years I didn't have time. wooden door on the ¿fth Àoor of a new Is this a public museum? and trendy building in Yang Pu District No. This is just my private collection which And after you left the army? of Shanghai without really knowing is not open to the public. I love to spend Then I worked for American and Euro- what to expect. Mr. Liu Jian Jun (54) time in this peaceful and quiet atmosphere pean companies for seven years as their welcomed me and let me in. The sight just enjoying my stones, sometimes with Chief Representative in China before before my eyes was just unbelievable. other stone lovers, sometimes alone. On I started my own business. I was fed A huge showroom of 1800sqm filled rare occasions I welcome small groups, up just following instructions. I started with the most beautiful and impres- this year only once so far. I welcomed a importing wood from all over the world to sive stones I have ever seen in my group of over 40 stone loving Generals China, then doing wood items in our own life. Not ground not polished "jewelry- and Admirals to appreciate my stones and factories here for the local market. Today, like" stones, but stones which got a piano concert. This autumn for example, we don't sell anything in China anymore their shape, color, smoothness and the former French President Jacques but re-export everything to the rest of the sometimes even transparency from Chirac, showed his interest in visiting my world. But let's talk about art! This is way being exposed to the forces of nature. collection. more interesting! These stones were created by wa- ter, wind and sun over thousands of How did this all start? Is collecting stones a Chinese thing? years and I felt like I was looking back There is de¿nitely my father's inÀuence. Today it's a global thing. But it started in through time. Some stones appear - He was a soldier. He fought the Japa- China more than 2500 years ago. Today, with a little imagination - like animals. nese, then with Chiang Kai Shek and there are more than 5 million stones Mr. Liu calls it "his zoo". It features a then the Americans in Korea. After com- collectors in China. In Japan, "stone ap- for example panda, a frog, bull, baby ing back from Korea he spent a lot of preciation" became popular maybe 150 whale and even Donald Duck. time in hospitals. This is when he started years ago. 72 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Life & Culture Chinese Leader Interview 0!Ё乚ᇐ㗙䆓䇜 A mother carrying her baby on her arm. What do you see? Are you dealing with stones to make a No. able. I have not doubts that we will solve living? Shares go up and down. Stones only go the pollution issue. Similar to Japan No, I am purely collecting for pleasure. I up (laughing)! which had worse pollution problems in buy a lot of stones. I don't know anybody the seventies. The Chinese government else in the world who spends as much Why do you collect stones and not is the strongest government in the world. money for stones as I do... let's say cars or paintings? This helps. The development in China There is one big difference. Cars are also helps the Western world. What ...and has a nicer collection? men made. And so are paintings. I col- would a western lifestyle look like without People say so, yes. About 60% of all top lect art created by God. Any kind of man products made in China? stones in China are in my hands. made art cannot be compared with God's art. I might appreciate human arts for a No economic hype? You must get a lot of offers from moment, but I never get thrilled like when I can't see this. China is still growing people who want to buy your stones. Ilookatstones. up. Like a hungry teenager who can Yes, I do. From friends or from other eat enormous amounts of food without stone lovers. The values of these stones Are you a religious person? having the negative side effect of gain- are sky rocketing at the moment. Com- No. But when I became older I started to ing weight! Our government is setting the pared to 8 years ago, their value is 25-30 believe in God or Buddha keeping justice. right priorities and the new leaders are times up. But I never sell any of my more experienced than the ones some stones. Do you also have a scienti¿c interest 15 years ago. in stones? Never? Come on! You are also a suc- Not much, no. I think scientists collect How do you feel about the way the cessful business man! boring stones. West looks at China? I never do this. In Principle, the West does not under- Where are the best stones from? stand China! They don't realize that free- Not even in exchange to get another The best river stones are from Guanxi dom and democracy of their standards one you would like to have? province. The best desert stones are might be something good elsewhere No need. If I want one, I buy it. I love my from Inner Mongolia. but can also cause a lot of problems in stones as my "babies" and babies you a country like China! At the moment, don't sell (laughing). And how do you get them? democracy simply doesn't work here! It I used to work with agents on site. But takes time. Even in the future, Chinese So how big is your family? now I travel the world by myself. democracy and freedom will be different I have about 5000 stones. What you see from the West. China has learned a lot in this showroom are about 120 of my You are also a detailed observer of from the West. But the West also has preferred ones. But the most beautiful politics. What's the biggest threat that a lot to learn from China. This will help ones I keep at home. Besides, do you could endanger China's future? people to become a better understanding know the difference between stock mar- I don't see anything fatal. Of course we of each other in order to achieve a better kets and stones? have problems, but they are all resolv- development for the whole world. 73 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Chinese Leader Interview 0 Ё乚ᇐ㗙䆓䇜 ᅝຍđڦڽĐኄฉ ᅃዖᅝຍႚ๕ܸۯሏںĐ็ཀྵ६งđփ 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ ձ࠷Ǜ 䱣ৢˈ៥ህᓔྟњ㞾ᏅⱘџϮDŽ៥ᣝ✻߿Ҏڦᅃ࿋ ኄᅃ߲ࠅਸڢࢪኻኪ้ڦವᆷӝถߴ ᅣਬ๚ঞ ϡᰃDŽ䖭ѯ䛑ᰃ៥ϾҎⱘᬊ㮣ˈϡ݀ӫᓔ ⱘᣛᇐˈҢϪ⬠ഄ䖯ষ༈ˈ✊ৢᇍ༈ཽܓዐࡔਬڦጆ߿ׇ֧ࢅຍ ጆॆăበ ᬒDŽ៥୰ϔϾҎϢ݊Ҫⱘ༛⠅ད㗙ϔ 䖯㸠ࡴᎹҹ⒵䎇ݙⱘᏖഎ䳔∖DŽ⦄៥ӀڦᇵLjܸ၄ሞᅃ࿋֠ആ็ ୍Lj௬മ 䍋䖭ḋᅝᅕ䴭䇻ⱘ⇨⇯Ё䌣៥ⱘ༈DŽ ⱘѻકϡݡᦤկ㒭ݙᏖഎˈ㗠ᰃড䖛ᴹݡڦ୍ٷႎ๕صሞฉ࡛ᄘ൶ᅃ ๚ᅃ г᳝ᕜᇥⱘᯊ៥Ӯ䙔䇋ϔᇣ㒘Ҏᴹখ㾖ˈ ߎষࠄDŽ៥Ӏ䖬ᰃᴹ䇜䇜㡎ᴃ৻ˈ䖭Ͼڦᇀनॽ݀ิܔఢோLjڦٷᅃข ࣌ᆓ ԚᰃҞᑈ䖬া᳝ϔˈ᳝40ৡ༛⠅ད Ӯ᳝䍷ʽڦॺਬံิඤ൧ିڦኪă54 ၄ሞᄅ 㗙ᴹࠄ៥ⱘሩ㾜佚䌣䖭ѯ༛䩶⨈䷇Фװઠժ൩ాăໜࢫLjڟڦ ཥǛدڦᇍ៥ⱘᬊ㮣ᕜᛳ݈ ֠ആ็ዐࡔܟӮDŽ⊩ࠡᘏ㒳Ꮰᢝ ڟᅃൎସవᅜዃ႑ăᆶิᅜઠੂڦമ ཀྵӦยሞኄक़1800ೝ 䍷ˈᏠᳯҞᑈ⾟ᴹখ㾖DŽ ⦄ܼϪ⬠䛑᳝Ҏᬊ㮣༈ˈԚᰃᅗᓔྟ็ڦටۯፌଋĂፌڦ සዩ Ѣ2500ᑈࠡⱘЁDŽⳂࠡЁ᳝500ϛڦጟۓቛબLjኄၵ࿄ঢ়ٷڦݛ ఼Ǜ ৡ༈ᬊ㮣ϧᆊˈ㗠᮹ᴀˈĀ༈䡈䌣āڦ࣏ ేසࢆਸ๔ኄᅃൎ܈ཀྵLjஃႚጒĂჿĂ࠼ࣂ็ڦԐӯ ૰ଉ๑ăঢ়ࡗฉ 䖭Ϣ៥⠊҆ᇍ៥ⱘᕅડᰃߚϡᓔⱘˈ៥ⱘ⠊ ᰃҢ㑺150ᑈࠡᓔྟⱘDŽڦጲٷۼLj܈ཪ ᰃϔৡݯҎˈҪ᳒Ϣ᮹ᴀҎǃ㩟ҟҹঞ҆ ގኄၵ็ཀྵݠڟනෳᇑ์Ljੂعޅڦഥ ၡ૰Ljే ᳱ剰ⱘ㕢Ҏ䖛DŽᡫ㕢ᧈᳱПৢˈҪ ేᅈ੍சஜ็ཀྵྺิǛၙۅۅᅃڦ૦๏ăኻᄲሏᆩేڟੂ Ljሞିံิ ᕜⱘᯊ䯈䛑ए䰶䞠ফ⊏⭫ˈгህᰃ䖭 ϡˈ៥ᬊ㮣༈Џ㽕ᰃЎ⠅དDŽ៥фњᕜۯ৽ࣷ݀၄ᅃၵ็ཀྵੂഐઠၟ ៥ϔڣᇴđᆶႨமĂ൞ྎĂĂᆽฯ ϾᯊˈҪᓔྟᇍϔߛᑇⱘ㞾✊џ⠽ঞ㡎 ༈ˈϡⶹ䘧Ϫ⬠Ϟ᳝≵᳝݊ҪҎۯĐڦ ࣏ᆶ༚ღă ᴃѻ⫳݈䍷ˈᑊᬊ㮣њᕜস㗕ⱘϰ㽓ҹঞ ḋ༈Ϟ㢅䖭М䪅ĂĂ ༈DŽѢᰃˈ៥䖬ᰃϔϾᄽᄤⱘᯊህᓔ ֠Ǜڦࡻۼ ྟᬊ㮣༈ˈԚᰃ៥ݯ䯳᳡ᕍⱘ20ᑈ䯈 ččժڍăڦLjཚփኄᄣਸ๔֑ݡิံି փາᅱକƽ Ў≵᳝ᯊ䯈㗠ЁᮁњDŽ ҎӀᰃ䖭М䇈ⱘDŽЁ60%ҹϞⱘ᳔དⱘۼኄᅃൎڦᄅമ Դ䖭ḋ ༈䛑៥䖭䞠DŽڣ䇶䇶DŽᕜҎϔᴹⱘᯊ䛑ᰃ ⱘডᑨDŽ ఫሞేਸਬܓኮࢫ఼Ǜ ៥᳒ᢙӏ㕢⌆݀ৌढⱘ佪ᐁҷ㸼ˈ 74 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Life & Culture Chinese Leader Interview 0 Ё乚ᇐ㗙䆓䇜 ⱘDŽབᇍѢ∵ᶧ䯂乬ⱘއईᆳࣃǛ ԚᰃҪӀ䛑ᰃৃҹ㾷כཀྵӕǛ ేྺ๊֠็ཀྵܸփഛ็ڦටၙசేܠۨᆶ ᰃⱘDŽ᳝ⱘᰃ៥ⱘ᳟টˈ᳝ⱘᰃ༈⠅ད ᳝ϔϾᕜⱘϡৠᰃˈ≑䔺⊍⬏䛑ᰃҎ䗴 㾷އ៥г↿᮴⭥䯂ˈℷབ᮹ᴀϞϾϪ㑾70ᑈ 㗙DŽϢ8ᑈࠡⳌ↨ˈ⦄䖭ѯ༈ⱘӋؐᰃ ⱘˈ㗠༈ᰃϞᏱⱘ㡎ᴃDŽӏԩҎЎⱘ㡎ᴃ ҷ᳝Ϲ䞡ⱘ∵ᶧ䯂乬ϔḋˈЁᬓᑰЎϪ 䖭Ͼ䯂乬DŽ䖬᳝އПDŽԚᰃ៥Ңᴹϡप 䛑ϡ㛑ϢϞᏱⱘ㡎ᴃⳌ↨DŽ៥ৃ㛑Ӯⷁᯊ䯈 ⬠Ϟ᳔ᔎⱘᬓᑰˈ㚃ᅮӮ㾷סӋˈ⍼њ㑺25ࠄ30 ៥ⱘ༈DŽ ݙ୰Ҏ㉏㡎ᴃˈԚᰃҪӀᏺ㒭៥ⱘ䳛᪐ᰃ ϔ⚍ϡ㛑ϡᦤⱘᰃˈЁⱘথሩгᐂࡽњ㽓ᮍ 䖰ϡ㛑Ϣ䖭ѯ༈Ⳍ↨ⱘDŽ ᆊDŽབᵰ≵᳝Ёࠊ䗴ⱘଚકˈ㽓ᮍҎⱘ⫳ ˛ฆටҭƽ ⌏ᮍᓣӮব៤ҔМḋᄤਸ਼ڦઠփஜǛేᅃ࿋ׯࠀٗ ҢᴹϡपDŽ ే႑ᄠጸঞǛ ፕǛךڦϡDŽԚᰃᔧ៥᜶᜶ব㗕ⱘᯊˈ៥ᓔྟⳌֵ ᄺுᆶঢ়षฉ 伹体ڣཀྵܸ ϞᏱᰃԯ⼪ӮЏᣕ݀ℷDŽ ៥≵᳝ⳟࠄDŽЁҡϡᮁ䭓ˈህ็ڦଷᅃేၙᄲڟڥฯᄺுᆶྺକ ᇑ՚ටႜ࣑Ǜ ⱘ䴦ᇥᑈϔḋˈৗݡⱘ亳⠽гϡӮᓩ䍋བ ႗Ǜ ԧ䞡ࡴㄝ䋳䴶ⱘ⫼ʽ៥Ӏⱘᬓᑰ䆒ᅮњڦཀྵᆶბჺ৯ݛ௬็ܔే ᳝䖭Ͼᖙ㽕ˈབᵰ៥ᛇ㽕ህӮфϟᴹDŽ៥≴ ᑣˈ⦄ⱘ乚ᇐҎ↨15ᑈࠡⱘܜ㞾Ꮕⱘᄽᄤϔḋ⠅䖭ѯ༈ˈ≵᳝ҎӮ ≵᳝DŽ៥ᛇ⾥ᄺᆊᬊ䲚ⱘ༈ϔᅮ䛑ᕜ᮴䍷৻DŽ ℷ⹂ⱘӬ⠅ڣ प㞾Ꮕⱘᄽᄤⱘ˄ュ˅DŽ 乚ᇐҎ᳝㒣偠DŽ ཀྵઠጲన఼Ǜ็ڦፌࡻ Ǜڦݛ๕ేሹੂڦዐࡔځᇀဇݛටੂܔ ณ็ཀྵ఼Ǜ ⊇∈䞠᳔དⱘ༈ᑓ㽓ˈ≭⓴䞠᳔དⱘܠఫేጺࠌᆶ ៥᳝㑺5000ഫ༈DŽԴ䖭䯈ሩ㾜ᅸ䞠ⳟࠄ ༈ݙ㩭সDŽ 㽓ᮍҎϡњ㾷ЁʽҪӀϡⶹ䘧ҪӀⱘ⇥Џ ⱘাᰃ݊Ё៥↨䕗୰ⱘ120ഫˈ᳔ⓖ҂ⱘ 㞾⬅ⱘᷛޚҪӀᆊৃ㛑䗖⫼ˈԚᰃ Ё䖭ḋⱘᆊህӮᓩ䍋䆌䯂乬ʽⳂࠡڣ ఼Ǜڦኄၵ็ཀྵڟڥ༈៥ᡞҪӀᬒᆊ䞠DŽᇍњˈԴⶹ䘧㙵⼼ ేሹ Ꮦഎ༈ⱘऎ߿৫˛ ҹࠡ៥Ӯ䗮䖛ᔧഄⱘҷ⧚Ҏˈ⦄៥ᓔྟ㞾 ⇥ЏЁϡ䍋⫼DŽेՓᇚᴹˈЁⱘ Ꮕܼ⧗ഄᇏᡒ༛DŽ ⇥Џ㞾⬅䖬ᰃӮ㽓ᮍϡৠDŽЁҢ㽓ᮍ ă ᄺࠄњᕜˈৠᯊˈ㽓ᮍҎг᳝ᕜ㽕Ёڢփኪ ࠵ִᇵLjణമྰ ᄺдDŽ䖭ḋৃҹᔎⳌѦП䯈ⱘњ㾷ˈՓڦ㙵⼼ӋḐӮϞϟ䍋ӣˈ㗠༈ӋḐাӮᕔϞ ేཞ้ᄺᅃ࿋አުአ֧ ᅺ໎఼๊Ǜ ᭈϾϪ⬠᳝དⱘথሩDŽڦュ˅ʽ ၾዐࡔ࿄ઠ݀ቛ˄⍼ ៥≵᳝ⳟࠄᕜϹ䞡ⱘ䯂乬DŽ៥Ӏᰃᄬ䯂乬ˈ 75 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત ĐNo Longer ExoticđĐփምആᅴđ Swiss gallery owner Lorenz Helbling of ๗ၑ߭భࣃዷටLorenz Helbling༌ஃ Shanghart Gallery on contemporary Chinese art ዐࡔᅝຍ൵ Interview, Fabian Gull 䆓䇜˖ᮍᖙᅝ How did the global recognition of Chinese art change in recent times? People discover Chinese Art in waves. Important was the Ven- ice Biennale 1993 which marked a kind of beginning of modern Chinese art abroad. Today, China has its clear share in the art world. Some ten years ago, Chinese art was something really ex- otic. This is no longer the case. And its' recognition will further go up. What did not really happen so far in the art world is a discus- sion of what Chinese art is about. Overseas, the awareness that China is not only a fascinating country - but also has a vibrant and broad art scene - increases faster in Europe than in the US. Վࣅ఼Ǜڦණኪᆶ๊ᄣڦᇀዐࡔᅝຍܔIn Asia, Hong Kong has always been a centre for Chinese art. ፌৎ๘হ Ё㡎ᴃⱘথሩ᳝ϡৠⱘ⌾╂DŽ↨䕗䞡㽕ⱘ᳝ᷛᖫⴔЁ⦄ҷ㡎 How about contemporary art? ᴃ䰙࣪ⱘ1993ᑈ࿕ሐᮃঠᑈሩDŽᔧࠡˈЁᏆ㒣ᓔྟ㡎ᴃ 10ᑈࠡ䙷М༛ᓖDŽҎӀᇍѢЁڣChina is historically very strong in ink painting and landscaping. Ϫ⬠䞠ऴ᳝ϔᐁПഄˈ㗠ϡݡ But nowadays, people get more interested in contemporary art. 㡎ᴃⱘ䅸ⶹᑺгϡᮁࡴ⏅ˈҎӀ⦄ᓔྟ䅼䆎Ё㡎ᴃࠄᑩ The art segments like painting, videos, and sculptures, overlap. ᰃ݇ѢҔМⱘˈ䖭ҹࠡⱘ㡎ᴃϪ⬠䞠≵᳝থ⫳䖛ⱘDŽ⍋ˈ In general, Chinese artists seem to be less ¿xedonjustone ⌆Ҏ↨㕢Ҏᖿⱘ䅸䆚ࠄˈЁϡҙᰃϔϾᓩҎⱘᆊˈ segment. Plus, Chinese art develops in many different direc- 䖬ᰃϔϾᢹ᳝ܙ⒵⫳ᴎϨᑓ䯨ⱘ㡎ᴃ㚠᱃ⱘᆊDŽѮ⌆ˈ佭␃ tions, which makes it very interesting. ᰃЁ㡎ᴃⱘЁᖗDŽ ᅝຍ఼ǛپDo prices go crazy? ၄ Only for very few Chinese artists. I am talking about a bunch of Ёग़ᴹ㒬亢᱃⬏ᮍ䴶䛑ᕜさߎDŽԚᰃ⦄ҎӀᇍ⦄ҷ㡎 5-10 whose works reach international record prices. In earlier ᴃᛳ݈䍷ˈ㡎ᴃ⾡㉏᳝⊍⬏ǃ㾚乥䞡⍂䲩ㄝDŽᘏⱘᴹ䇈ˈ days, there were less people interested in Chinese art, but they Ёⱘ㡎ᴃᆊᑊϡϧ⊼Ѣϔ⾡㡎ᴃ⾡㉏DŽˈᕜ᳝ᛣᗱⱘᰃЁ had a deeper understanding. This has really changed. Buyers ⱘ㡎ᴃℷᳱᕜϡৠⱘᮍথሩDŽ today can't even spell the names, and even worse – they don't ആǛڦॏ߭փࡍڦeven care about it. ዐࡔᅝຍ া᳝ᵕᇥ᭄ⱘ㡎ᴃᆊⱘ㡎ᴃકᰃ䖭ḋDŽ៥䇈ⱘᰃ5ࠄ10ϾકӋ Do afÀuent Chinese buy local art or are they more after Ḑ䖒ࠄϪ⬠㑾ᔩⱘ㡎ᴃᆊDŽᮽᳳˈ䰸њϾ߿ᇍЁ㡎ᴃ᳝ᕜ⏅ foreign art? њ㾷ⱘҎПˈᕜᇥ᳝ҎᇍЁ㡎ᴃᛳ݈䍷DŽ䖭⾡ᚙމথ⫳њᕜ Well, collecting is not really a big thing yet in China. But many ⱘᬍবˈ᳝ⱘфᆊ⫮㟇ϡ㛑䇏㗙ⱘৡᄫˈ㗠ҪӀгḍᴀϡ are indeed interested in modern Chinese art. Also because it's Т䖭ѯDŽ easier to get. If you want to buy foreign art you have to go to ᅝຍǛڦ఼࣏߸ဠ࣌ࡔྔܠࣃԲডںዐࡔටசԨڦEurope or the US. ডߛ ⳂࠡЁᬊ㮣⬏ⱘҎᑊϡˈԚᰃ᳝ᕜҎᇍЁ㡎ᴃᕜᛳ݈ Art as investment? 䍷DŽᔧ✊䖭гЎЁ⬏ᕜᆍᯧфࠄˈབᵰ㽕ф⬏ህᖙ乏ࠄ I never considered art as an investment. ⌆ᰃ㕢DŽ That's dif¿cult to believe. You make a living out of buying art ేࣷӝᅝຍፕྺཨጨǛ and selling it at a higher price. This is a classic investment. ៥Ңϡᡞ㡎ᴃᔧ៤ᡩ䌘DŽ Yes, in a way. But the crucial question is: what is in the centre ཨጨăڦۆசߛஜᅝຍྺิLjኄঢ়گof attention? Is it business or is it affection for a piece of art? փ၎႑ăేᅈ੍ Business for me is just a means to an end. But never my key Ңᶤ⾡ᮍᓣᴹ䇈ᰃⱘDŽԚᰃᕜ䞡㽕ⱘ䯂乬ᰃ˖Դ݇⊼ⱘЁᖗᰃҔ ˈᛣাᰃ៥䖒ࠄⳂⱘⱘᮍᓣ⫳خ˛focus. М˛ᰃ⫳ᛣ䖬ᰃᇍ㡎ᴃⱘ⠅ད 㒱ϡᰃ៥᠔݇⊼ⱘDŽ What is good art? ᅝຍ఼ǛڦIn contemporary art, it has be innovative, original. It has this link ๊ࡻ to the time - it's daring and surprising. And sometimes it even ⦄ҷ㡎ᴃ䞠ˈ߯ᮄǃॳ߯ǃᯊ䯈݇㘨ǃ㚚ǃߎ༛ㄝ䛑ᰃ䞡㽕 helps you to understand the world a little better. ⱘ㋴DŽདⱘ㡎ᴃક᳝ᯊӮᐂࡽҎӀњ㾷Ϫ⬠DŽ 76 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત! Life & Culture 77 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Chinese Art Market Remains Buoyant Art market blossom makes Hong Kong the world's third most important auction hub By Karen Winton f the results of a recent auction of Chinese art in Hong Kong Chinese contemporary artists that includes Cai Guoqiang and by international auctioneer Christie's are to be believed, Zhang Xiaogang whose works have sold for US$6 million or more. then the market for Chinese art remains buoyant despite Ithe uncertainty in global ¿nancial markets and economies. Fervour for Chinese contemporary art At the Christie's auction on 24 May, "Mask Series 1996 No.6" Jonathan Stone, Christie's International Business Director by Chinese artist Zeng Fanzhi sold for almost US$ 9.6 million, for Asian Art, was quoted in post-auction media reports as a new world auction record for any Chinese contemporary art- saying that there is an international fervour for Chinese work. This was the ¿rst time that Zeng's diptych of eight masked contemporary art. He said that of the top 10 buyers at the May youths with red scarves linking arms had been offered at auc- auction in Hong Kong there were private buyers from both tion. Its ultimate price was more than two and a half times its Asia and Europe. Indeed, the surge in international demand for estimate and made it the most expensive Asian contemporary Chinese art in recent years has made Hong Kong the world's artwork ever sold at auction. third most important auction hub after New York and London. Zeng wasn't the only Chinese contemporary artist to en- But will this fascination with the genre continue? joy success at the Christie's evening auction. Yue Minjun's Hong Kong has been intertwined with the Chinese contem "Gweong-Gweong" sold for HK$54.1 million (US$6.9 million), porary art scene since it ¿rst began to appear outside China in and Zeng and Yue now belong to the exclusive group of the early 1990s. For collectors, the art is controversial because 78 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Life & Culture as a form of expression it was either suppressed or dictated, however, Chinese contemporary art has become irresistible used as a propaganda tool to communicate with the masses. as much for its investment potential as its controversial nature. The mainland artists who are currently setting auction As a gallery owner who is in the business for the love of the records derive from the 1990s, a period during which the artworks, being approached with the sole purpose of providing politically inclined art was very much subversive. Zeng and investment guidance can be overwhelming, says Schoeni. She Yue are leading lights of this generation of Chinese artists. also points out that buying this genre as an investment is much Misinterpretation of their art as criticism of the Chinese tougher than many people seem to perceive because there are Government led to its becoming underground and many artists no guarantees, especially for younger and emerging artists that in China had no choice but to exhibit overseas. Hong Kong haven't quite got established yet. bene¿ted because it is geographically so close to China. Even Unlike other galleries and artists, Schoeni says she won't now, despite the fact that China is more open and its art market follow auction prices as a benchmark because it's too risky. blossoming with hundreds of galleries in Beijing and Shanghai, For example, two small works of 35 x 35 centimetres by Yu Hong Kong galleries are still major players in the genre. Chen, one of Schoeni's artists, sold recently at auction for HK$420,000. That is Schoeni's price for Yu's larger works."If Dialogue between viewer and art piece I then raise Yu's price in relation to that auction result there is As one of Hong Kong's leading gallery owners and a pro- a danger of her market dropping and I can't then reduce the ponent of Chinese contemporary art since her father established prices. So I have to be very careful whom I sell to because the gallery in 1992, Nicole Schoeni travels to China every someone could buy something from me today, put it in the two months to find new and young artists. But she says it is auction, Àip it and make the pro¿t. One of my conditions of sale increasingly hard to ¿nd work that inspires her. "I go very much is that the buyer does not put the work in an auction for at least on intuition and emotion when it comes to art, and I think that three years. But that's quite hard to control at the end of the what is really important is that there is a dialogue between the day. I can only ask," she says, wryly. viewer and the art piece itself. A lot of the young Chinese artists - and it's totally natural with the environment now - can't help Artist's background but think about the dollar sign," she says. For those who want to set aside ¿ve to 10 percent of their An artist has to constantly evolve to get onto the inter- investment portfolio for a boutique investment in art, there are national platform, says Schoeni, and many of the young artists some key things to consider. First of all, make sure that you ¿nd in China think it's possible to keep painting in the same style out about the artist's background. What exhibitions has he or as the group of well-established Chinese artists from the 1990s she has completed, what publications have their work appeared who are reaching the highest prices at auction right now. "That in, and more importantly, what is the respective gallery going to generation of artists and the younger generation are worlds do for them in the future. apart. The younger generation don't quite understand the older The Christie's auction in May showed just how hot the generation and how they suffered and struggled for a decade Chinese contemporary art market has become in the past and only now are they really on the international platform. It's couple of years. There are indications, however, that it might be also a generational thing - the younger artists paint today and heading for a slowdown. Schoeni says that some of her clients want the reward tomorrow. But reality is not like that; an artist's are being more selective but also notes that two years ago she career is a slow process, a step-by-step process," she says. thought the market had peaked. “When I look at prices in 1995 it is unfathomable. I remember when my father ¿rst started the The art of buying gallery, he had to convince his friends to buy Chinese art. At the Buying art is, or rather should be, an intensely personal time, people questioned the art and its value.ā experience. Given the recent record-setting auction prices, 79 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત ዐࡔᅝຍׇԍऄሂༀ ಆஜዐ႐ٷෙڼඵ݀ቛ๑ၑߗׯྺඇ൰ݏڦᅝຍׇ 㗙˖Karen Winton ᮹ˈ䰙ᢡप㸠Շᕫ佭␃䖯㸠Ё㡎ᴃકⱘᢡप⌏ 䰙㟲ৄⱘথሩDŽ㗠Ёˈ䆌ᑈ䕏ⱘ㡎ᴃᆊӀै䅸Ў㛑Ϣ ࡼDŽҢ݊㒧ᵰϡ䲒ⳟߎˈЁ㡎ᴃકᏖഎ⦄Ҟҡֱᣕ⌏ ϞϾϪ㑾90ᑈҷⱘⶹৡⱘЁ㡎ᴃᆊӀ˄䖭ѯ㡎ᴃᆊӀҞ᮹ 䎗ᗕüüሑㅵᔧҞܼ⧗䞥㵡Ꮦഎܼ⧗㒣⌢ᄬϔѯ ᢡपӮϞഛ߯ϟ᳔催៤Ѹ乱˅ֱᣕⳌৠⱘ㡎ᴃ亢ḐᏆ䎇ҹDŽཌྷ㒻 䖥ϡ⹂ᅮ㋴DŽ5᳜24᮹ˈՇᕫᢡपӮϞˈЁ㡎ᴃ 㓁䇈䘧˖Ā⦄ᑈ䕏ⱘϔҷ㡎ᴃᆊӀϢ䙷Ͼᯊҷⱘ㡎ᴃᆊӀ݊ᅲ ᆊ᳒ẉᖫⱘlj䴶㋏߫1996 No.6NJҹ䖥960ϛ㕢ܗⱘ催Ӌ㹿ᢡ Ⳍএ⫮䖰DŽᑈ䕏ⱘ㡎ᴃᆊӀᑊϡकߚњ㾷㗕ϔҷ㡎ᴃᆊӀⱘ༟᭫ ϟˈ߯ϟЁᔧҷ㡎ᴃકᢡप᳔ᮄϪ⬠䆄ᔩDŽℸЎ᳒ܜ⫳ঠ䖲⬏ ग़ˈϡⶹ䘧ҪӀ㒣ग़њᇥ㡄䕯ˈ༟᭄᭫क䕑ˈᮍᠡⳳℷⱏϞ ⱘ佪ᑺᢡपDŽ⬏ЁˈܿҎ᠈ⴔ䴶ᑊ㙽㗠ゟˈ㛪ᄤϞ䛑㋏ⴔ㑶乚 ᔧҞⱘ䰙㟲ৄDŽৠᯊˈ䖭݇ТࠄϔϾϪҷ䯂乬üüᑈ䕏ϔҷⱘ 㗠៤Ў᳝ҹᴹᢡप 㡎ᴃᆊӀѢҞ᮹߯ˈᖗЁैᵘᛇⴔᯢ᮹ⱘ㤷㗔DŽ✊㗠⦄ᅲᕔᕔˈסᏒDŽ᳔݊㒜៤ѸӋ䍙ߎњԄӋⱘ2.5 ӮϞ៤Ѹ乱᳔催ⱘѮ⌆ᔧҷ㡎ᴃકDŽ џϢᜓ䖱ˈ㡎ᴃᆊⱘ㘠Ϯ⫳⎃ᰃϔϾϔℹ㛮ॄˈ㓧᜶ࠡ䖯ⱘ䖛 ՇᕫഎᢡपӮϞˈ᳒ܜ⫳ᑊ䴲ଃϔϔԡ㦋ᕫ៤ࡳⱘЁ DŽā ᔧҷ㡎ᴃᆊDŽℸഎᢡपӮϞˈኇᬣ৯ⱘlj䕄䕄NJҹ5410ϛ ᅝຍڦⳂࠡഛЎЁᔧҷ㡎 ࠔச⫳ܜኇ⫳ܜ៤ѸDŽ᳒˅ܗ690ϛ㕢˄ܗ␃ ᴃᆊϧᆊᇣ㒘៤ਬˈ݊ЁࣙᣀકଂӋഛ600ϛ㕢ܗ催ⱘ 䌁фⱘ㡎ᴃᰃ˄⹂ߛഄ䇈ᑨ䆹ᰃ˅ϔ⾡ᔎ⚜ⱘϾҎԧ 㫵ᔎᓴᰧ߮ㄝ㡎ᴃᆊDŽ 偠DŽԚᰃˈҢ䖥ᳳስስ߯ϟ䆄ᔩⱘᢡपӋḐᴹⳟˈЁᔧҷ㡎 ᴃᏆ㒣݊ᡩ䌘┰ঞѝ䆂ⱘᴀ䋼ҸҎ᮴⊩ᡫᢦDŽSchoeni䇈 ᅝຍඤ൧ 䘧ˈЎϔৡ㡎ᴃક⛁⠅㗙ˈ㒻㗠៤Ўϔԡ⬏ᒞ㒣㧹㗙ˈ䖥㡎پړዐࡔ Շᕫ䰙ଚࡵѮ⌆㡎ᴃᘏⲥJonathan StoneᢡपӮৢⱘ ᴃҙЎᦤկᡩ䌘ᣛᇐDŽཌྷ䖬ᣛߎˈ䌁ф䖭ϔ⌕⌒ⱘકЎᡩ ⡍ˈ䆌Ҏᛇ䈵ⱘ䙷ḋㅔऩˈЎᅗϡᄬӏԩֱ䆕ڣၦԧথᏗӮϞ㸼⼎ˈЁᔧҷ㡎ᴃᏆ▔䍋њϔ㙵䰙⛁ᚙDŽҪ䇈 䌘ˈᑊϡ 䘧ˈѨ᳜佭␃ᢡपӮⱘकфᆊЁϡУᴹ㞾Ѯ⌆⌆ⱘ⾕Ҏф ߿ᰃᇍ㖑㗐Єⱘᮄⱘᑈ䕏ϔҷ㡎ᴃᆊӀ㗠㿔DŽ ᆊDŽ⹂ᅲˈ䖥ᑈᴹˈ䰙⼒ӮᇍЁ㡎ᴃક⛁ᚙ催⍼ˈҢ㗠Փ佭 ϡৠѢ݊ᅗⱘ⬏ᒞ㡎ᴃᆊˈSchoeni㸼⼎ཌྷϡӮᇚᢡपӋ 亢䰽DŽВ՟㗠㿔ˈSchoeni ⬏ᒞⱘϔخЎ䖭ḋˈޚ៤Ў㒻㒑㑺ӺᬺПৢⱘܼ⧗ϝᢡपЁᖗDŽ✊㗠ˈᇍ䖭ϔ ᅮЎ␃ 㡎ᴃ⌕⌒ⱘ⛁ᚙӮᣕ㓁催⍼৫˛ Ͼ㡎ᴃᆊ䰜ԭⱘϸᐙ35 x 35६㉇ⱘᇣൟક䖥ᳳᢡपӮϞҹ 佭␃㡎ᴃકѢϞϪ㑾90ᑈҷᮽᳳ佪ᑺ҂Ⳍˈ㞾ℸˈϔ 42ϛ␃ܗӋḐ៤ѸˈℸЎSchoeniᇍ䰜ԭൟકⱘᅮӋDŽཌྷϡ ⳈϢЁᔧҷ㡎ᴃ㘨㋏㋻ᆚDŽ✊㗠ˈᇍѢᬊ㮣ᆊ㗠㿔ˈℸ㉏㡎ᴃ ᙺഄ䇈˖Āབᵰ៥ḍᢡपӮӋḐᢀ催䰜ԭⱘકᅮӋˈ䙷ཌྷⱘ ᇮᄬѝ䆂ˈЎЎϔ⾡ӫᅷӴⱘ㟚䆎Ꮉ㸼䖒ᮍᓣˈ݊ Ꮦഎ䖢ᑺህ᳝ৃ㛑ϟ䰡ˈԚ䙷ᯊ៥জ᮴⊩䰡Ԣ݊કӋḐDŽ કᕔᕔ㹿⽕ℶ㹿ᔎࠊDŽ ℸˈ៥ᖙ乏कߚ䇼ᜢᇣᖗഄ䗝ᢽ៥ⱘфᆊˈЎ᳝Ҏৃ㛑Ҟ ߯ϟⳂࠡᢡप䆄ᔩⱘ䰚㡎ᴃᆊⱘકഛ䆲⫳ѢϞϪ㑾90ᑈ Ң៥䖭䞠䌁фϔѯકˈ䱣ৢӮᬒࠄᢡपӮϞ䕀ˈҢЁ㦋 ߽DŽ៥ⱘϔϾߎଂᴵӊЎ˖фᆊ䌁фৢ㟇ᇥϝᑈݙϡ㛑ᇚ⫳ܜҷDŽ䙷ᯊˈ㡎ᴃഛ㹿⍖Ϟᬓ⊏㡆ᔽˈℸВॅᆇᗻᵕDŽ᳒ ኇܜ⫳Ў䖭ϔᯊᳳЁ㡎ᴃ⬠ⱘܜ偅DŽᇍ䖭ѯ㡎ᴃⱘ䇃㾷˄ेᇚ કᢡपDŽԚᰃˈ䖭ࠄৢᴹᕜ䲒ࠊˈ៥া㛑ᦤߎ㞾Ꮕⱘ䖭ϔ㽕 ݊㾚ЎᇍЁᬓᑰⱘᡍ߸˅Փ݊䲒㾕᮹DŽ䙷ᯊˈӫ㡎ᴃᆊӀ ∖DŽā ߿᮴䗝ᢽˈাདᇚ݊કᏺᕔ⍋ሩߎDŽ佭␃݊䴴䖥Ё䰚 ԝৠڦ㗠ЎফⲞDŽे֓ҞˈሑㅵЁ䰚ᇍࡴᓔᬒˈ㡎ᴃક ᅝຍॆ Ꮦഎ䘡ഄᓔ㢅ˈҙ࣫ҀϞ⍋ህᓔࡲњ᭄ⱒᆊ⬏ᒞˈ佭␃⬏ᒞ ᇍѢ䙷ѯᜓᛣᇚ5%-10%ⱘᡩ䌘䌘ѻ㒘ড়⫼Ѣᡩ䌘㡎ᴃ㒣㧹 乏⹂ֱᙼ㛑㦋ᙝˈܜҡ䖭ϔ㡎ᴃ⌕⌒ЁথЏᇐ⫼DŽ 㸠ϮⱘҎᴹ䇈ˈ䳔㗗㰥ϔѯ݇䬂ᗻ䯂乬DŽ佪 㡎ᴃᆊⱘ㚠᱃䌘᭭ˈབˈҪ/ཌྷᏆ㒣খࡴњાѯሩӮˈ݊ક᳒ ୁ 㒣ߞⱏાѯߎ⠜⠽ϞˈЎ䞡㽕ⱘᰃˈᴹЎ݊ᦤկ᳡ࡵⱘⳌڦ࠵งኁᇑᅝຍक़ Ў佭␃乊㑻⬏ᒞⱘ㒣㧹㗙ПϔˈৠᯊЎЁᔧҷ㡎ᴃⱘ ᑨ⬏ᒞЎાᆊDŽ ᬃᣕ㗙ˈNicole Schoeni㞾݊⠊Ѣ1992ᑈᓔࡲ⬏ᒞᴹˈ↣ϸϾ᳜ Ѩ᳜ⱘՇᕫᢡपӮ៥Ӏሩ⼎њ䖛এᑈᴹЁᔧҷ㡎ᴃ ህӮᇏᡒᮄⱘᑈ䕏ⱘ㡎ᴃᆊˈ䞡㽕ⱘᰃЎњথ⦄ᮄⱘᑈ䕏 કᏖഎⱘ㐕㤷᱃䈵DŽԚৠᯊг᳝ᕕܚ㸼ᯢˈ݊г᳝ৃ㛑Ӯ䍄ϟവ 㡎ᴃᆊDŽԚᰃˈཌྷ䇈䘧ˈབҞ㽕ᡒࠄ㛑▔䍋ཌྷ♉ᛳⱘકᏆ䍞 䍟DŽ ᴹ䍞ೄ䲒њDŽཌྷഺ㿔˖ĀҢ㡎ᴃ㾦ᑺ䆆ˈᴀҎकߚ⊼䞡Ⳉ㾝ᚙ Schoeni㸼⼎ˈཌྷⱘϔѯᅶ᠋⦄বᕫࡴᣥࠨˈৠᯊˈཌྷ ᛳDŽ៥䅸Ўⳳℷ䞡㽕ⱘᰃ㾖䌣㗙Ϣ㡎ᴃકᴀ䑿䯈ⱘѸ⌕DŽ䆌ᑈ ᦤࠄˈϸᑈࠡཌྷህ䅸Ў㡎ᴃકᏖഎᏆ䖒ࠄ乊ዄDŽཌྷ䇈˖Ā1995 䕏ⱘЁ㡎ᴃᆊӀӮᚙϡ㞾⽕ഄᛇࠄકⱘଂӋˈᔧ✊ˈҢⳂࠡ ᑈˈᔧ៥݇⊼㡎ᴃકⱘӋḐᯊˈᅗᰃ⏅ϡৃ⌟ⱘDŽ៥䆄ᕫ៥⠊ ⦃๗ⳟˈ䖭гᰃᕜ㞾✊ⱘDŽā ᳔҆߱ᓔࡲℸ⬏ᒞᯊˈҪ䳔㽕䇈᳡Ҫⱘ᳟টᴹ䌁фЁ㡎ᴃકDŽ Schoeni 䖬䇈䘧ˈϔৡ㡎ᴃᆊ䳔ϡᮁᦤछ㞾Ꮕˈ㟈Ѣ 䙷ᯊⱘҎӀᇍ㡎ᴃકঞ݊Ӌؐഛᣕᗔ⭥ᗕᑺDŽā 80 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Life & Culture ĐEvery Bank Note is a Piece of Artđ Interview, Batiste Pilet, SwissCham Beijing “Money is an ambassador for a country, a culture and a social situation”, says Swiss artist Roger Pfund. With “Beijing 2008” at the Olympic Mu- land, and I won the ¿rst prize. That's how I be done before you start designing. You seum in Lausanne and “Roger Pfund” came into this job. However, I have always have to de¿ne what is possible to display at the Today Art Museum in Beijing, carried on my activites as a painter. on a bank note, what topic to choose - Switzerland's most famous bank note since there is always a topic for each and passport designer has a multi-faced Are there many designers specialized bank note and each series. Let's take the rendezvous with China in 2008. The To- in bank note design? current Swiss series as an example, the day Art Museum organized an exclusive No, there are some in Germany and in topic is culture. Le Corbusier represents exhibition of Roger Pfund's art pieces Holland. In Switzerland, we are only two. the 10 franc note, the 20 is a musician, RQGLVSOD\IRUWKH¿UVWWLPHLQ0D\RIWKLV But I am the most experienced because I the50isanartist,100isasculptor,200 year. The exhibition was an overview am the oldest one (laughing). I started in a writer and the 1000 is a philosopher. of his work in four domains: painting, 1969, and since 1971, I have been work- Youhaveto¿nd a system and then start graphic design, bank notes and archi- ing for the Swiss National Bank up till a very broad research about what docu- WHFWXUH,WZDVDOVRD¿UVWIRU7RGD\$UW now. Presently, I am part of the working ment you can use to bring elements into Museum to dedicate the entire venue to group for the new series of Swiss bank the bank note which would be interest- one exclusive artist. notes for 2010. We chose a new artist - a ing for people to look at as well as to let lady - who will do the design, and we will them understand something. Roger Pfund, where does your pas- coach her at the same time. sion for bank notes come from? In this process, do you usually work Well, once you have touched the world of Isn't it frustrating to work under so alone? bank notes, you get passionate! I think that many constraints and requirements? I have a studio in Geneva with 15 people. it's one of the most popular printed materi- Not at all! There is a design brief in which There are some graphic designers, some als and it is somehow an ambassador for a you have a lot of freedom. Imagine taking architecture designers, some art historians, country, a culture and a social situation. It a football ¿eld and then you say each intellectuals and economists. When we has a value, it is signed, dated and num- centimeter of the ¿eld is important; then start working on a bank note, we get to- bered. So each piece is an original! To take you reduce it to the size of a bank note, gether to think about what we want to say. an example, if you like Salvador Dali, and and you see that there are plenty and you take one of his lithography pieces - it enormous possibilities! Neither the colors What is your impression of Chinese is also numbered, dated and signed and it nor the size are a constraint. And, the contemporary art? has a value. The only difference is that the design brief concerning security is very I try to see as many expositions as pos- value is not written on it (laughing)! exciting, because you have to ¿nd solu- sible every time I am in Beijing. Even When I entered into the world of bank tions - which is the most important factor though there are some art pieces I can- notes, I was a painter and had the opportu- in the working process. not live with, that I cannot understand, nity to participate in the competition for the that I just don't like, I am in general new Swiss bank note at the age of 25 way How do you gather ideas for the de- positively surprised by what I see here, back in 1969. I was the only young design- VLJQRIRI¿FLDOGRFXPHQWV" especially paintings and sculptures. er among the 15 best designers in Switzer- There is a huge amount of research to 81 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત ᅃॲᅝຍđۼĐቧബԼ 䆓䇜˖ⱑᵒᖋˈЁ⨲ଚӮ-࣫Ҁ ⨲㡎ᴃᆊ᱂ᵄ䇈˖“䪅Ꮥᰃ ϔϾᆊǃϔ⾡᭛࣪ϔ⾡ ⼒Ӯᔶᗕⱘҷ㸼DŽ” ยऺǛ ᏕϞሩ⼎ҔМˈ䗝ᢽҔМЏ乬(↣⾡䪅ᏕڦጆጀᇀബԼยऺܠĐԛ2008đ փᆶڦሞෝӎଠਖ਼ձ࠷ ⨲Đমđፕቛ ᑊ䴲བℸˈᖋ㥋݄ㄝⱘ⹂᳝ϔ ↣Ͼ㋏߫䛑᳝ϔϾЏ乬)DŽҹⳂࠡⱘڦቛબࢅԛৃනெຍ࠷ ബԼᇑࢺቷยऺ ѯˈԚᰃ⨲া᳝ϸԡˈ៥ᰃ݊Ё᳔᳝ 䪅ᏕЎ՟ˈ݊Џ乬ህᰃ᭛࣪DŽࢦ•⾥ᏗڦฉLjኄ࿋๗ፌྺዸఁ ዐࡔă5ሆLj 㒣偠ⱘˈЎ៥ᑈ啘᳔˄ュ˅DŽ៥Ѣ 㽓㘊ҷ㸼ⴔ10⊩䚢ˈ20⊩䚢ᰃϔԡ䷇Фڦጩܠ֒ܠቛ๖କ2008 නெຍ࠷ْፇኯକᅃْমᅝຍፕ 1969ᑈᓔྟ䖭乍ᎹˈѢ1971ᑈᓔྟЎ ᆊˈ50⊩䚢ᰃϔϾ㡎ᴃᆊˈ100⊩䚢ᰃϔৃ ⫣ጆׇቛࣷLjඇ௬ቛକሞࣼࣃĂႚย ⨲ᆊ䫊㸠᳡ࡵ㟇ҞDŽ⦄ˈ៥ᰃ⨲ ԡ䲩ลᆊˈ200⊩䚢ᰃϔԡᆊˈ1000 ˈ㋏ፕăኄᄺ 2010ᑈᮄ㋏߫䪅Ꮥ䆒䅵ᇣ㒘ⱘϔਬˈ៥Ӏ 䚢ᰃϔԡᄺᆊDŽԴᖙ乏䗝ᢽϔϾԧڦ຺߲ݛ௬ڪऺĂബԼࢅॺዾ ᅮৃҹ䪅އˈቛׇ 䖬ᣥ䗝њϔԡᮄⱘ㡎ᴃᆊˈᰃϔԡཇᗻˈ ✊ৢᓔྟ䖯㸠ᑓ⊯ⱘⷨおڦᅃْॽᆶڼԛৃනெຍ࠷ ㋴ˈ▔䍋ҎӀⱘ݈䍷ˈгܗඇ༵ࠃߴᅃ࿋ᅝຍॆă ཌྷᇚ䖯㸠䆒䅵Ꮉˈৠᯊফ៥Ӏⱘᣛ ᏕЁՓ⫼ાѯྜں ᇐDŽ Փᆊ㛑⧚㾷݊ЁⱘᛣᗱDŽ घ൧ઠጲనǛڦബԼยऺܔমံิLjే Ǜڦ߾ፕ܀ڇዐLjేཚײփସටਊ ሞኄᅃࡗڢ၌ᇑᄲ൱ူ߾ፕLjవܠϔᮺԴ䖯ܹࠄ䪅ᏕⱘϪ⬠䞠ˈԴህӮ㦋ᕫ ሞ ᮴ሑⱘ▔ᚙˈ៥ᛇᅗӀᰃϪ⬠Ϟ᳔Ў⌕㸠 ෟǛ ៥᮹ݙ⪺᳝ϔ䯈15ҎⱘᎹᅸˈ݊Ё ⱘॄࠋકˈᶤ⾡ᛣНϞᰃϔϾᆊǃϔ ᅠܼϡӮˈ䆒䅵㒆ݙԴ᳝ᕜ㞾⬅ˈ ᳝ᔶ䆒䅵Ꮬǃᓎㄥ䆒䅵Ꮬǃ㕢ᴃग़ᄺ ⾡᭛࣪ǃϔ⾡⼒Ӯᔶᗕⱘҷ㸼DŽВ՟ᴹ ᛇ䈵ϔϟབᵰԴ䆒䅵ⱘᰃϔϾ䎇⧗എˈ ᆊǃⶹ䆚ߚᄤ㒣⌢ᄺᆊDŽᔧ៥Ӏᓔྟ䆒 䇈ˈབᵰԴ୰㧼ᇨ⪺•䖒߽ⱘ䆱ˈԴ Դⳟᴹ↣ϔ६㉇എഄ䛑ᰃ䞡㽕ⱘˈ✊ৢᇚ 䅵䪅Ꮥᯊˈ៥ӀӮ㘮ࠄϔ䍋䅼䆎៥Ӏ᠔㽕 ህⶹ䘧Ҫⱘϔ⾡ᑇ⠜ॄࠋᴃˈકϞг᳝ ᅗ㓽ᇣࠄϔᓴ䪅ᏕⱘᇣˈԴህӮⳟࠄ㞾 㸼䖒ⱘݙᆍDŽ 㓪োǃ᮹ᳳㅒৡˈг᳝Ӌؐˈଃϔϡৠ Ꮕ᳝ᕜ䆒䅵ৃ㛑ˈ买㡆ሎᇌ䛑≵᳝䰤 ᆇၡසࢆǛڦெຍپړዐࡔܔే ⱘᰃ݊Ӌؐᑊ≵᳝ݭકϞ˄ュ˅! ࠊDŽ㗠Ϩ䆒䅵㒆Ё݇Ѣᅝܼᗻⱘ䚼ߚᰃ ᔧ߱៥䖯ܹ䪅ᏕⱘϪ⬠ᯊˈ៥䖬ᰃϔৡ⬏ 䴲ᐌҸҎ▔ࡼⱘˈЎԴᖙ乏ᇏᡒ㾷އᮍ ៥↣ࠄ࣫Ҁ䛑Ӯሑৃ㛑ഄⳟሩ㾜ˈ㱑 ᆊˈ᳝ᴎӮѢ1969ᑈখࡴњ⨲ᮄ䪅Ꮥⱘ Ḝˈ䖭гᰃᭈϾᎹ䖛Ё᳔Ў䞡㽕ⱘDŽ ✊݊Ё᳝ᇥ᭄㡎ᴃક៥ϡ㛑ফˈϡ㛑 䆒䅵ゲ䌯ˈᔧᑈ៥25ቕDŽ៥ᰃ15ৡ᳔Ӭ⾔ ⧚㾷ϡ୰ˈԚᰃ៥ᇍ㞾Ꮕ᠔ⳟࠄⱘϔ Ǜ ߛᛳࠄ䅸ৃৗˈ⡍߿ᰃ䙷ѯ⊍⬏䲩ڦⱘ䆒䅵㗙Ёଃϔϔৡᑈ䕏ⱘ䆒䅵Ꮬˈᑊ㦋 ేසࢆणยऺ࠳ݛ࿔ॲ ᕫњϔৡDŽ៥ህᰃ䖭ḋܹ㸠ⱘˈԚᰃ៥ 䖭ᰃ䆒䅵ᓔྟПࠡ䳔㽕ᅠ៤ⱘⷨおᎹˈ ลDŽ ྟ㒜䛑≵᳝ᖬ䆄㞾Ꮕᰃϔৡ⬏ᆊDŽ Ꮉ䞣䴲ᐌˈԴᖙ乏ᯢ⹂ৃҹϔᓴ䪅 82 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Asia’s Art Fairs Art lovers will be very busy this autumn By Meg Maggio, Director Pékin Fine Arts hen will China have a contemporary art fair to Dong's fourth year for Art Beijing, and the fair venue at the his- rival a top fair like Art Basel? And if not China, toric National Agricultural Exhibition Hall, off of San Li Tun's 3rd then what other Asian venues will be most popular ring road, is particularly popular because of its vast area inside Wamong international art world fair-goers? These a park, thus able to accommodate a large scale outdoor and in- are two typical questions over-heard at lively dinner table door sculpture/installation exhibition, along with a newly inaugu- conversations in and among contemporary art circles in China rated Photo Beijing fair in adjacent exhibition halls. The beauty and around the world. Art-lovers are well aware the Far East of running these fairs back-to-back is the opportunity it affords is jam-packed with art fairs, biennales, triennales, and the serious collectors to attend both events easily. like. This year's challenge will be logistics and booking early Before gearing up for September, a few events are jumping travel arrangements, so that enthusiasts can get to as many the queue and starting early this year. The summer, tradition- events as possible over the short span of the ¿rst two weeks in ally a slow, "gone on vacation" moment in the art world is now September: ¿lled with art fair options. There are interesting small-scale fairs In early September, the two most important contemporary of contemporary art such as Art Osaka (July 25-27, http://arto- art fairs in Mainland China will run back-to-back. The most saka.jp), Asia Top Gallery Hotel Art Fair 08 in Tokyo (Aug 29 – widely publicized is arguably Lorenzo Rudolf's SHContempo- 31, www.hotelartfair.co.kr) and Art Taipei 2008 (August 29- Sept rary08, opening 9 September in Shanghai (www.shcontempo- 2, www.art-taipei.com). They are all well and worth seeing for a rary.info). Rudolf, formerly a director of Art Basel, partnered last quick taste of current trends in local markets. year with Pierre Huber, owner of Geneva based Art & Public By mid-September there are even more fairs to attend. gallery. After one fair, the pair had a falling out and Lorenzo Seoul's annual KIAF (Sept 19-23, www.kiaf.org), is gaining continued with a second fair, without M. Huber. Many of the ¿rst quickly in popularity, largely due to the strong buying power of year fair goers are participating again this year. Korean collectors. KIAF is Korea's main annual fair, and takes In Beijing, Art Beijing 2008, opens just before SHContem- place quite quickly after the Beijing and Shanghai fairs, in porary offering fair visitors the chance to attend both. Beginning mid-September. KIAF has been very popular among new and on September 5 (www.artbeijing.net) and operated by ex-Minis- younger collectors, and is increasingly attracting more regional try of Culture of¿cial Mr. Dong Mengyang. Dong, a charismatic non-Korean galleries. player in Mainland art circles, was responsible for running The challenge for overseas enthusiasts is in allocating a the Ministry's ¿rst art fairs back in the mid 1990's. This will be full two weeks to Asian travel. Less time will result in missing 84 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Life & Culture many important events. September 2008 holds an embarrass- ing itself as 'the only major art fair in Southeast Asia', ARTSin- ment of riches, with too many choices and too little time. In gapore, the more established Singapore contemporary art fair addition to the end of the Olympics and the start of the Para- running since 2000, will take place this year in mid-October. lympics and the risk that fair goers' ¿nancial resources will be The trendiest and most maverick regional fair is no doubt heavily drained by attendance at Olympic-related events, is that Tokyo's GESAI#11 (Sept 14, 2008, at Tokyo Big Sight, www. so many local regional biennales and triennales will be taking geisai11.us), is an artists' fair sans galleries where artists apply place at the same time, and vying for audience attention – and to present their works in their own booths, one artist per booth. attendance. In spring 09, ART HK, (See www.hongkongartfair.com), China's has three important events: The 3rd Guangzhou arguably one of Asia's most exciting new fairs will take place for Triennial "Farewell to Post-Colonialism", will open from Sept the second time. The beauty of the Hong Kong fair is the logis- 6th Nov 16th (http://gztriennal.org), The Shanghai Biennale tic ease of operating and participating in the centrally located "Translocalmotoin" will open on 7 September (Sept 9-16, www. and still relatively new Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition shanghaibiennale.org), followed by the 3rd Nanjing Triennale, Centre. This vast fair venue runs 100's of fairs with unrivalled "Archaeology of the Future: Reflective Asia" (www.njtriennial. precision each year, and the inaugural Art HKG enjoyed excep- org). tionally high attendance ¿gures, as were purported sale ¿gures. Opening on Sept 5th is the 7th Gwangju Biennale. It begun ART HK 09 fair is expected to see even greater international in 1995 in the southern Korean city of Gwangju, and claiming to gallery participation. be Asia's ¿rst contemporary art biennale, this year Gwangju's Overseas fairs are increasingly attractive to China-based Artistic Director is Mr. Okwui Enwezor, arguably the most well galleries. In recent years, China-based galleries have partici- known international curator of any Asia-based international art pated in more established fairs in Art Basel, FRIEZE in London, event this year. The Armory Show in New York, FIAC in Paris, ARCO in Madrid, Mori Art Museum director Fumio Nanjo curates the 2nd Sin- Art Basel Miami Beach, Cologne, Dubai, Berlin, and Milan. This gapore Biennale "Wonders" (Sept 11- Nov 16, City Hall, http:// is of course in addition to their active participation in local Asia singaporebiennale.org) whereas the Yokohama Triennale "Time regional fairs in Hong Kong, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo and Tai- Crevasse" opens in Japan on Sept 12 (Sept 12- Nov 30) with pei. And there is growing interest in dedicated Asian contempo- an international team of curators headed by Japanese artistic rary fairs. director Tsutomu Mizusawa . How is one to keep up? From all of us in the Asian contemporary art world, "Hope Looking ahead to post-September, if anyone has energy to see you running from art event to art event this fall here in remaining, there are plenty of other regional fairs to attend. Bill- China and its neighboring regions!" 85 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત ࿄ઠڦჱዞᅝຍቛ ൭ฺᄑূڦჱዞᅝຍҺࡻኁ 㗙˖偀㡱ᅝ˄Meg Maggio˅ˈ࣫Ҁ㡎䮼ᘏⲥ ԩᯊᠡ㛑᳝ϢĀ㡎ᴃᏈาᇨāㄝ乊㑻ሩӮⳌႆ㕢ⱘᔧ ࡴ䗳䖜䖯9᳜ПࠡˈϔѯሩӮᏆᦤࠡѢҞᑈᮽѯᯊߚ㒋㒋 āᄷ㡖ˈ㗠䖭Ͼ؛ҷ㡎ᴃሩਸ਼˛㢹ϡᰃЁˈ䙷МѮ⌆ા䞠ⱘ㡎ᴃሩᇚ᳔ ᓔᐩDŽ㡎ᴃ⬠ˈᄷ䗮ᐌЎ㓧᜶ⱘĀӥ䯆ᑺ ফ䰙㡎ᴃ⬠ሩӮখ㾖㗙ⱘ䴦ⴤਸ਼˛䖭ϸϾൟᗻ䆱乬 ᄷᏆ⒵⒵ഄᅝᥦњ⾡ḋⱘ㡎ᴃሩDŽҞᑈᄷӮВࡲϔѯ᳝ ЁᰃЁܼ⧗ᔧҷ㡎ᴃ⬠ᆈӮϞⱘ⛁䮼䆱乬DŽ㡎ᴃ⠅ 䍷ⱘᇣൟᔧҷ㡎ᴃሩˈ䇌བ䯾Вࡲⱘ㡎ᴃ䯾˄7᳜25~27 ད㗙Ӏ⏅ⶹˈ䖰ϰഄऎϡУ㡎ᴃሩǃঠᑈሩϝᑈሩㄝDŽҞᑈ䴶 ᮹ˈᭀ䇋䆓䯂http://artosaka.jp˅ǃϰҀВࡲⱘ2008Ѯ⌆乊 .Јⱘᣥᇚᴹ㞾⠽⌕ᦤࠡᅝᥦѸ䗮ㄝџᅰˈҹ֓Ӯሩ⠅ད㗙Ӏ 㑻⬏ᒞ䜦ᑫ㡎ᴃሩ˄8᳜29~31᮹ˈᭀ䇋䆓䯂www.hotelartfair 9᳜ࠡϸ਼ⱘⷁᯊ䯈ݙሑৃ㛑ഄখ㾖ሩӮDŽ co.kr˅ঞ2008ৄ࣫䰙㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯ˄8᳜29᮹̚9᳜2᮹ˈᭀ䇋䆓ৃ 9᳜߱ˈЁ䰚ϸϾ᳔䞡㽕ⱘᔧҷ㡎ᴃሩᇚⳌ㒻ᓔᐩDŽ 䯂www.art-taipei.com˅DŽ䖭ѯሩӮഛ㾖ⳟӋؐˈৃՓᙼ䖙䗳 ᅷӴᑺ᳔ⱘᔧሲLorenzo RudolfᇚѢ9᳜9᮹Ϟ⍋ᓔ ᡞᦵᔧഄᏖഎⱘᔧࠡথሩ䍟DŽ ᐩⱘ08Ϟ⍋㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯ䰙ᔧҷ㡎ᴃሩDŽ˄ᭀ䇋䆓䯂www. 9᳜ЁᯀᇚӮВࡲሩӮDŽ佪ᇨᑈᑺ䶽䰙㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯ shcontemporary.info˅DŽRudolf᳒ӏĀ㡎ᴃᏈาᇨāᘏⲥˈѢএ ˄9᳜19̚23᮹ˈᭀ䇋䆓䯂www.kiaf.org˅ˈ݊ⶹৡᑺ䶽ᬊ ᑈϢPierre Huber˄ϔԡ᮹ݙ⪺㡎ᴃϢ݀݅⬏ᒞ㒣㧹㗙˅ড়ˈ 㮣ᆊᔎⱘ䌁ф㗠䖙䗳ᦤछDŽKIAFЎ䶽Џ㽕ᑈᑺሩӮˈ㒻 Вࡲњ佪ሞሩӮDŽПৢˈঠᮍ㾷ᬷˈLorenzo㒻㓁ВࡲѠሞሩ ࣫ҀሩӮϢϞ⍋ሩӮৢᇚѢ9᳜Ёᯀ佪ᇨ㋻䫷ᆚ哧ഄㅍߦDŽϔ ӮDŽ佪ሞሩӮⱘখϢ㗙Ё᳝ᕜҎӮ㒻㓁খࡴᴀሞሩӮDŽ Ⳉҹᴹ,KIAF⏅ফᮄⱘᑈ䕏ᬊ㮣ᆊⱘ䖢ˈᓩⴔᛜᴹᛜⱘഄ ࣫Ҁˈ2008㡎ᴃ࣫ҀᇚѢϞ⍋㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯ䰙ᔧҷ㡎ᴃሩ ऎᗻ⍋⬏ᒞࠡᴹখሩDŽ ࠡᓔᐩˈҢ㗠ЎሩӮখ㾖㗙ᦤկњϸখሩᴎӮDŽ2008㡎ᴃ࣫ ⍋Ӯሩ⛁㹋㗙䴶ЈⱘᣥЎϸ਼Ѯ⌆П㸠ⱘ᮹ᅝᥦ䯂 Ҁ⬅ࠡ᭛࣪䚼ᅬਬ㨷Ṻ䰇䋳䋷ВࡲˈᇚѢ9᳜5᮹Ҁᓔᐩ˄ᭀ䇋 乬DŽབᯊ䯈ϡˈ߭ᇚ䫭༅䇌䞡⌏ࡼDŽ2008ᑈ9᳜, ᙼᇚ䱋 䆓䯂www.artbeijing.net˅DŽ㨷ܜ⫳Ё䰚㡎ᴃ⬠乛᳝ᴗ࿕, ܹЎ䲒ⱘ๗ഄˈЎ䗝ᢽ㗠ᯊ䯈ैᕜᇥDŽ༹ᵫऍܟ䖤ࡼӮ ᮽϞϪ㑾90ᑈҷЁᳳ, Ҫ֓ᓔྟ䋳䋷᭛࣪䚼᳔ᮽᳳⱘϔѯ㡎ᴃ 㨑ϟᐋᐩˈ⅟⮒Ҏ༹䖤ӮᢝᓔᑣᐩП䰙ˈሩӮখ㾖㗙ⱘ䌘䞥ᇚ ሩDŽ2008ᑈЎ㨷ܜ⫳䋳䋷Вࡲ㡎ᴃ࣫ҀⱘಯϾᑈᑺDŽሩӮ䗝 䞣㢅䌍༹ᵫऍܟⱘⳌ݇⌏ࡼϞDŽৠᯊˈӫഄऎᗻⱘঠᑈሩ ഔѢϝ䞠ቃϝ⦃䏃ग़ᙴЙⱘܼݰϮሩ㾜佚ˈ݊ԡѢ݀ುݙ ϝᑈሩᇚⳌ㒻ীᓔˈゲⳌᓩখ㾖㗙ⱘ݇⊼ϢখϢDŽ 䚼ǃ䴶⿃ᑓ䯨㗠ᇸফ䖢DŽሩख़㛑ᆍ㒇㾘ⱘᅸᅸݙ䲩ล ЁᇚВࡲϝ㡎ᴃሩⲯџ˖ϝሞᑓᎲϝᑈሩĀϢৢⅪ //:䆒ᮑሩߎˈৠᯊሩख़ᮕ䖬᳝ᮄᓔᐩⱘ࣫ҀᨘᕅሩDŽℸ㉏ሩӮ ⇥䇈ݡ㾕āᇚѢ9᳜6᮹ᓔᐩˈ11᳜16᮹䯁ᐩ˄ᭀ䇋䆓䯂http/ Ⳍ㒻Вࡲⱘ儙П໘, Ѣ݊Ў⢖⛁ⱘᬊ㮣ᆊӀᦤկњ䕏ᵒᛝᖿ gztriennal.org˅ǃϞ⍋ঠᑈሩ ĀᖿජᖿᅶāᇚѢ9᳜7᮹ᓔᐩ˄9 খϢ䖭ϸⲯџⱘ䲒ᕫᴎӮDŽ ᳜9᮹~16᮹ˈᭀ䇋䆓䯂www.shanghaibiennale.org˅ҹঞϝ 86 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત! Life & Culture ⬅᮹ᴀ㡎ᴃᘏⲥ∈⋑࢝˄Tsutomu Mizusawa˅䋳䋷䰙佚䭓ಶ 䯳ⱘ乚ᇐᎹDŽབԩᠡ㛑ϡ䫭䖛䖭ѯⲯӮਸ਼˛ ሩᳯ9᳜ˈབᙼᛣ⢍ሑˈ䖬ৃখࡴ䇌݊ᅗഄऎᗻⱘሩ ӮDŽᷛὰЎĀϰफѮഄऎଃϔ䞡㡎ᴃሩāⱘᮄࡴവ㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯ ྟࡲѢ2000ᑈˈЎⶹৡⱘᮄࡴവᔧҷ㡎ᴃሩˈᇚѢᴀᑈᑺक᳜ ЁᯀᢝᓔᑣᐩDŽ ↟ᒌ㕂⭥ˈ᳔ᯊᇮϨ᳔ᷛᮄゟᓖⱘഄऎሩӮ㥿䖛ѢϰҀⱘ GESAI#11˄2008ᑈ9᳜14᮹ϰҀ䰙ሩ㾜ЁᖗВࡲˈᭀ䇋䆓 䯂www.geisai11.us˅њˈℸЎϔϾ᮴⬏ᒞখࡴⱘ㡎ᴃᆊሩӮDŽ 㡎ᴃᆊӀৃ⬇䇋㞾ሩৄЁሩ⼎ߎ㞾ᏅⱘકDŽ↣Ͼሩৄ⬅ϔ ৡ㡎ᴃᆊ䋳䋷DŽ 2009ᑈˈᇚݡᑺВࡲѮ⌆᳔Ў▔ࡼҎᖗⱘᮄሩӮПϔüü 佭␃䰙㡎ᴃሩ˄ᭀ䇋䆓䯂www.hongkongartfair.com˅DŽ佭␃ 䰙㡎ᴃሩⱘВࡲഄԡѢ佭␃Ӯ䆂ሩ㾜ЁᖗDŽℸሩ㾜Ёᖗഄ໘Ꮦ ЁᖗϨⳌᇍ䕗ᮄ, ⠽⌕߽֓ˈℸЎ佭␃䰙㡎ᴃሩⱘӬ᠔DŽ 䖭ϾᎼⱘሩӮഄ↣ᑈഛҹ݊᮴ৃ↨ᢳᗻ៤ࡳВࡲ100എሩӮDŽ ᮄ㨑៤ⱘArt HKGᰃᓩњ᮴᭄㾖䌣㗙ࠡᴹখ㾖ˈ݊䫔ଂ乱ໄ ⿄ぎࠡDŽ2009ART HKሩӮ᳝ᳯᓩ㾘ⱘ䰙⬏ᒞখϢ݊ ЁDŽ ሞफҀϝᑈሩĀᴹⱘ㗗সᄺ˖≝ᗱⱘѮ⌆ā˄ᭀ䇋䆓䯂www. ⍋ሩӮᇍЁᴀೳ⬏ᒞⱘᓩгϢ᮹ׅDŽ䖥ᑈᴹˈЁ njtriennial.org˅DŽ ᴀೳ⬏ᒞᏆ㒣খϢњ㡎ᴃᏈาᇨǃӺᬺᓫ䞠ݍᔧҷ㡎ᴃम㾜 ᎲঠᑈሩᇚѢ9᳜5᮹ᓔᐩDŽ䆹ሩӮѢ1995ᑈ䶽 Ӯǃ㒑㑺ݯẄᑧሩǃᏈ咢䰙ᔧҷ㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯǃ偀ᖋ䞠ᔧҷ㡎ᴃܝϗሞ ܝᎲᏖ佪ᑺВࡲˈЎѮ⌆ϔϾᔧҷ㡎ᴃঠᑈሩDŽᴀᑈᑺܝᎲ म㾜ӮǃᏈาᇨ䖜䰓ᆚ㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯǃ⾥䱚㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯǃ䖾ᢰ㡎ᴃ ঠᑈሩⱘ㡎ᴃᘏⲥЎOkwui Enwezorܜ⫳DŽӫ᠔਼ⶹˈҪᰃᴀᑈ म㾜Ӯǃᶣᵫ㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯҹঞ㉇݄㡎ᴃम㾜Ӯㄝ䇌ⶹৡሩӮDŽ ᑺѮ⌆Вࡲⱘ᠔᳝䰙㡎ᴃሩЁ᳔Ўⶹৡⱘ䰙ㅵ⧚ҎDŽ ᔧ✊ϢℸৠᯊҪӀ䖬⿃ᵕখࡴњ佭␃ǃ佪ᇨǃᮄࡴവǃϰҀ Ể㕢ᴃ佚佚䭓फᴵ⫳˄Fumio Nanjo˅ܜ⫳ᇚ䋳䋷Џࡲ ৄ࣫ㄝഄВࡲⱘϔ㋏߫Ѯ⌆ᔧഄⱘഄऎሩӮˈϨᇍϧ䮼ВࡲⱘѮ ѠሞᮄࡴവঠᑈሩĀ༛ā˄9᳜11᮹~11᳜16᮹ˈᬓᑰॺˈ ⌆ᔧҷ㡎ᴃሩⱘ݈䍷г᮹⏤ᦤ催DŽᇍѮ⌆ᔧҷ㡎ᴃⱘ⬠ݙҎ㗠 ᭀ䇋䆓䯂http://singaporebiennale.org˅ˈ㗠῾ⒼϝᑈሩĀᯊ䯈 㿔ˈĀ៥ӀᏠᳯ䖭Ͼ⾟ᄷ㛑ⳟࠄᙼᖭ༨⊶ѢЁঞ݊䚏䖥ऎ ⱘ㺖㓱āᇚѢ9᳜12᮹˄9᳜12᮹~11᳜30᮹˅᮹ᴀᓔᐩˈሞᯊ ඳ㡎ᴃሩӮⱘ䑿ᕅʽā 87 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત Swiss Chinese Cultural Explorations A programme of Pro Helvetia, the Swiss Arts Council, promoting exchange and cooperation with China Jeffrey Huang & Muriel Waldvogel, «Newscocoons» ro Helvetia, the Swiss Arts Council, has started a intensively in Asia. As a first move, it set up a liaison office in Cultural Programme with China that aims to develop India, subsequently intensifying cultural ties with China. With the a further rapprochement between the two countries programme «Swiss Chinese Cultural Explorations», Pro Helve- Pon a cultural level. Emphasis is placed on a long-term tia has been preparing to encounter the Middle Kingdom and to exchange between artists and institutions in Switzerland and build up its ¿rst networks there. This project coincides with the China. The idea is to generate Chinese-Swiss co-operations Swiss Federal Council's decision to take part in the World Expo and coproductions that will be shown in both countries. By 2010 in Shanghai and to launch a campaign to decide on how means of a call for projects, Pro Helvetia looked for Swiss Switzerland is to be represented. Between the two major events, artists wishing to realise new co-productions along with Chinese the Summer Olympics 2008 in Beijing and the Expo 2010 in partners. 120 projects were submitted by the closing date. Shanghai, Pro Helvetia will be present in China with its cultural From now until 26 August 2008, a jury comprising Pro Helvetia programme under the auspices of Presence Switzerland. representatives, as well as Swiss-Chinese cultural experts will select the most compelling projects. From 09 June to 03 Switzerland as an Of¿cial Partner July 2008, Switzerland was the official partner at the China From 09 June to 03 July, the China International New Me- International New Media Arts Exhibition «Synthetic Times» in dia Arts Exhibition 2008 in Beijing featured both established and Peking, where Pro Helvetia endorsed four Swiss productions in emerging artists from approximately thirty countries. Over ¿fty the ¿eld of new media art. media art works were on view along with performances, work- When laying down its international strategy in April 2004, shops and symposia. Pro Helvetia, the Swiss Arts Council, decided to engage more Switzerland was one of the of¿cial exhibition partners and 88 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત! Life & Culture Yves Netzhammer, «The Subjectivisation of Repetition», Project C Pro Helvetia, the Swiss Arts Council endorsed four Swiss artists place until the middle of 2010 as part of Pro Helvetia's overall within productions in the ¿eld of new media, which were shown project in China. during the exhibition. The exhibition was curated by the local Zhang Ga and managed by plug.in in Basel, Switzerland. Spoerli ballet of the Zurich Opera This partnership has resulted in an additional project that Switzerland will participate with a large, representational provides a good overview of the Swiss electronic music scene act at the renowned China Shanghai International Arts Festival and its crossovers with visual arts. Together, Shift and Miro Chi- (SHIAF) in November 2008. A performance of a joint Swiss-Chi- na, the organisers of Switch On, invited artists from Switzerland nese production of «A Midsummer Night's Dream» is planned. and China working in comparable ¿elds. In autumn 2008, the This coproduction between the Spoerli Ballet and Chinese part- project will be situated at clubbing scenes in Beijing and Shang- ners provides an exchange platform for artists of both countries. hai. This deliberate choice of location outside the institutional context of museums allows the artists to meet a wider audience Further information regarding the programme can be found on the fol- and for many people, clubs are their ¿rst point of contact with lowing: media art. The project will be the ¿rst in a series of exhibitions www.prohelvetia.cn and workshops in the field of electronic arts, which will take www.prohelvetia.ch/china0810 Event Place Swiss participation Web China International New Media 09 June to 03 July 2008, National The four Swiss artists: www.mediaart.org Arts Exhibition «Synthetic Times» Arts Museum of China, Beijing • Etoy, «Mission Eternity» • Yves Netzhammer, «The Subjectivisation of Repetition», Project C • Knowbotic Research, «Naked Bandit» • Jeffrey Huang & Muriel Waldvogel, «Newscocoons» Results of the Call for Projects 26 August 2008, Media Announcement of selected www.prohelvetia.ch/china for Cultural Exchange with hina information, Berne, Switzerland Swiss-Chinese projects Crossing Festival Beijing 26-30 September 2008 Swiss Films, the ¿lmmaking promotion www.ccdworkstation.com agency, sends a documentary ¿lmmaker to www.swiss¿lms.ch run a tutorial Preview Switch on - Autumn 2008 Various Swiss and Chinese www.mediaart.org clubbing scenes Beijing and Shanghai artists; organised by Shift and MiroChina Jan Schultz and the China 28 October 2008 National Symphony Orchestra Beijing International Shanghai 15 / 16 November 2008 Co-production with the Spoerli Ballet of the www.artsbird.com Arts Festival Zurich Opera 89 Life & Culture ࿔ࣅิऄጆત ႎᅝຍظዐ ᅃ߲ၜణڦࢇፕᇑୁܸย૬ڦᇑዐࡔۯ๗࿔ࣅएূࣷྺླྀ Knowbotic Research «Naked Bandit» ᭛࣪䞥ӮЁথ䍋њϔϾ᭛࣪乍ⳂˈᮼࡼЁ ӊ㡎ᴃકᇚ䗮䖛㸼ⓨǃⷨ䅼Ӯᑻ䇜Ӯⱘᔶᓣਜ⦄DŽ⨲ᰃℸ ⨲ϸ᭛࣪䯈ⱘটད݇㋏ˈЎϸ㡎ᴃᆊᴎᵘᓎゟ ሩ㾜ⱘᅬᮍড়ӭԈПϔˈ⨲᭛࣪䞥Ӯሩ㾜ᳳ䯈ᆊ 䭓ᳳѸ⌕DŽℸ乍Ⳃᇚ֗䖯Ё⨲ϸⱘড়ǃ֗䖯કѻ ਜ⦄4ӊᮄၦԧ乚ඳⱘ㡎ᴃકDŽક⬅Ꮘาᇨplug.in ঞㄪሩҎ ⨲⫳ˈᑊᇚક៤ᵰϸሩ⼎DŽ⨲᭛࣪䞥Ӯ䗮䖛ড় ᓴᇩण䇗ㅵ⧚DŽ 乍Ⳃ⬇䇋ⱘᮍᓣˈᇏ∖ᏠᳯϢЁড়ӭԈ߯ᮄકⱘ⨲ 䱣ⴔЁ⨲ড়ⱘথሩˈϔϾ݇Ѣ⨲⬉ᄤ䷇ФঞⳌ݇㾚㾝 㡎ᴃᆊˈ㟇ℶ᮹ᳳᏆ᳝120Ͼ乍Ⳃ䗦Ѹњ⬇䇋DŽ㟇2008ᑈ8᳜ 㡎ᴃ㸼ⓨⱘ乍Ⳃ䆲⫳њDŽĀ䗮ā乍Ⳃⱘ㒘㒛㗙 Shift ঞMiro 26᮹ˈ⬅⨲᭛࣪䞥Ӯҷ㸼ǃЁ⨲᭛࣪ϧᆊㄝ㒘៤ⱘ䆘ྨӮᇚ China䙔䇋њ䆹乚ඳ䖯㸠߯ⱘ⨲Ёⱘ㡎ᴃᆊӀDŽѢ ᣥ䗝ߎ᳔䇈᳡ⱘ乍ⳂDŽѢ2008ᑈ6᳜9᮹㟇7᳜3᮹ˈĀড়៤ 2008ᑈ⾟ᄷˈ៥Ӏᇚ࣫ҀϞ⍋ⱘׅФ䚼Ёᓔሩ䆹乍Ⳃˈ䕗 ᯊҷā䰙ᮄၦԧ㡎ᴃሩ࣫ҀВࡲˈ⨲Ўℸሩ㾜ⱘᅬᮍ ПӴ㒳ⱘሩ㾜佚ˈ㡎ᴃᆊᇚ᳝ᴎӮ㾺ࠄᑓⱘ㾖ӫ㕸ˈϔᮍ ড়ӭԈˈ⨲᭛࣪䞥Ӯሩ㾜ᳳ䯈ᆊਜ⦄њ4 ӊᮄၦԧ 䴶㗠㿔ˈᕜҎᕔᕔᰃׅФ䚼߱㒧䆚ၦԧ㡎ᴃⱘDŽЎ⨲ 乚ඳⱘ⨲㡎ᴃકDŽ ᭛࣪䞥ӮЁⱘ㋏߫乍ⳂПϔˈℸ乍ⳂЎ⨲᭛࣪䞥Ӯ㟇 ⨲᭛࣪䞥ӮѢ2004ᑈ4᳜ࠊᅮњ䰙থሩ⬹ˈއᅮᇚ 2010ᑈЁᳳᇚЁ䰚㓁Вࡲⱘ㋏߫⬉ᄤ㡎ᴃሩ㾜ঞⷨ䅼Ӯ ॄᑺ䆒ゟњϔϾ㘨㒰ࡲ݀ᅸˈᏠ ᢝᓔњᑣᐩˈᮼ֗䖯ϸ乚ඳ䯈ⱘᣕЙѸ⌕DŽܜѮ⌆᳝থሩDŽ݊佪 ᳯࡴᔎϢЁⱘ᭛࣪㘨㋏DŽ䱣ⴔĀЁ⨲߯ᮄ㡎ᴃā乍Ⳃⱘᓔሩˈ ࢇፕڦ᭛࣪䞥ӮᴹࠄЁᑊᇚ߱ℹᓎゟ䍋ϔϾ㔥㒰DŽℸ乍Ⳃℷ༥ ᇑ໋๘ߤਗᇾӑૅཷ⨲ ড়њ⨲㘨䙺ྨਬӮⱘއᅮ˖খࡴ2010ᑈϞ⍋ϪमӮᑊᓔሩϔ ⨲ᇚᨎҷ㸼ᗻⱘൟⓨߎѢ2008 ᑈ11 ᳜খϢЙ䋳ⲯৡ Ͼሩ⼎⨲ⱘ乍ⳂDŽ2008࣫Ҁᄷ༹䖤Ӯ2010ᑈϞ⍋Ϫम ⱘЁϞ⍋䰙㡎ᴃ㡖˄SHIAF˅DŽϔഎЁ⨲ড়ⱘ㸼ⓨljӆ Ӯ䖭ϸ乍Џ㽕⌏ࡼЁˈ⨲᭛࣪䞥Ӯᇚ⨲ᔶ䈵ྨਬӮⱘᬃ ПṺNJℷㅍЁDŽᴀ㢣咢Ϫ℠࠻䰶㢁㭒㟲ಶϢЁᮍⱘড় ᣕϟЁᓔሩĀЁ⨲߯ᮄ㡎ᴃā乍ⳂDŽ ᇚЎϸ㡎ᴃᆊᦤկѸ⌕ⱘᑇৄDŽ :࠳ݛࢇፕअӵ ᳝݇乍Ⳃⱘֵᙃˈ䇋⌣㾜ҹϟ㔥キڦ๗ፕྺዐࡔࡔाႎ༹ᅝຍቛ Ѣ2008ᑈ6 ᳜9᮹㟇7᳜3᮹ˈ2008Ё䰙ᮄၦԧ㡎ᴃሩᇚ www.prohelvetia.cn ࣫Ҁሩ⦄ᴹ㞾㑺30Ͼᆊⱘⶹৡᮄᰟ㡎ᴃᆊⱘકˈ50 www.prohelvetia.ch/china0810 90 ࿔ࣅิऄጆત! Life & Culture 乍Ⳃᅝᥦ ⌏ࡼ ഄ⚍ ⨲খϢ㗙 㔥キ "ড়៤ᯊҷ"䰙ᮄၦԧ㡎ᴃሩ 2008ᑈ6᳜9᮹㟇7᳜3᮹ˈЁ 4㒘⨲㡎ᴃᆊ: www.mediaart.org 㕢ᴃ佚ˈ࣫Ҁ •Etoy,«ϡᴑⱘՓੑüüỎ» • Yves Netzhammer, «Џ㾖䞡䗄» • Knowbotic Research, «亲㠛ᬏߏ» • Jeffrey Huang & MurielWaldvogel, «ᮄ䯏㣻» Ё⨲᭛࣪Ѹ⌕ড়乍Ⳃ⬇䇋㒧ᵰ 2008ᑈ8᳜26 ᮹,⨲ԃᇨሐᮄ ݀Ꮧܹ䗝ⱘЁ⨲ড়乍Ⳃ www.prohelvetia.ch/china ݀Ꮧ 䯏থᏗӮ ࣫ҀѸঝ㡎ᴃ㡖 2008ᑈ9᳜26-30᮹ ⨲⬉ᕅणӮЎᑓ⨲⬉ᕅⱘᴎᵘᇚ㒘㒛ϔԡ www.ccdworkstation.com ⨲㑾ᔩ⠛Ꮉ㗙ᓔሩЎᳳ1਼ⱘⷨд⧁ www.swiss¿lms.ch 乍Ⳃ乘㾜 䗮"- ׅФ䚼⦄എ㸼ⓨ 2008ᑈ⾟ᄷѢ࣫ҀǃϞ⍋ ԡ⨲Ё㡎ᴃᆊখϢ˗⬅Shift ⬉ᄤ㡎ᴃ㡖 www.mediaart.org" Miro China ݅ৠ㒘㒛 Jan SchultzϢЁᆊѸડФಶ 2008ᑈ10᳜28᮹ Ϟ⍋䰙㡎ᴃ㡖 2008ᑈ11᳜15-16᮹ 㢣咢Ϫ℠࠻䰶㢁㭒㟲ಶⓨߎ www.artsbird.com 91 ฆࣷႎ࿕Chamber News Reconstruction in Sichuan: School & Housing Sponsorship Project uring the devastating earthquake centered in southwest Our host country is suffering from the most devastating China's Sichuan province private housing, most of the earthquake in 30 years, and now China needs all the help it can school buildings and other facilities in these places get! Let Swiss Business in China and the Swiss community at Dcollapsed or were drastically damaged, causing serious large join the effort. casualties among teachers and students. Based on calculations from Chinese news reports, the dead include at least 9’000 students and teachers whose schools fell or were buried under How can you particpate? landslides. The Swiss Business Community in China under an initiative If you wish to participate in the project and/or donate an of SwissCham Shanghai and in cooperation with the Swiss Em- amount of money please ¿ll in the following form and fax bassy, the Consulates General in Shanghai and Guangzhou the it back to SwissCham Shanghai: Fax: +86 21 6149 8132 Swiss Club in Shanghai and the Swiss Society in Beijing aims or contact Mrs. Liv Minder, Executive Director, directly at to help with the earthquake relief, meet local needs and provide Tel: +86 21 6149 8208. Please note: All administrative and the region with immediate support. We are glad to facilitate the logistic cost which may occur will be borne by SwissCham wish of many members and friends who would like to show their Shanghai. The donations will go in full to the project compassion and solidarity with the countless people in need. A special team has now evaluated the need and the possi- bility to set up an earthquake-proof school building in one of the Any donation is welcome! worst hit areas. To make sure students can go back to school Donations can be paid to the following account with the as soon as possible, we need your help to build up a perma- comment: Sichuan nent and safe school. Furthermore we target to support the Bank: Bank of Shanghai construction of affordable housing, in addition to the school. Ϟ⍋䫊㸠㧹Ϯ䚼 Account Name: Swiss Chinese Chamber of Commerce The project is under the patronage of the Ambassador of Switzerland to China, the Swiss General Consuls and Swiss- Ё⨲ଚӮ Account No: 316007-03000572143 Cham Shanghai and already has the support of major Swiss Bank Address: No. 585, Zhongshan Dong Er Road, businesses such as Syngenta, Oerlikon, Zurich Financial Ser- Shanghai, China vices, Geberit, Rieter many more. 93 Chamber News ฆࣷႎ࿕ SwissCham Members Carry the Olympic Torch By Violette Qin, SwissCham Beijing Olivier Glauser Cyrill Eltschinger Carlos Cardenas s the 2008 Olympics approach, China is getting pre- China and Switzerland. My company is a member of SwissCham pared to host a truly international game for the world. now, and we appreciate the platform SwissCham builds for us." Meanwhile, the international community finds itself The route of the Olympic torch led northwards, bringing Amore and more involved, among which Switzerland another SwissCham member on the stage of Swiss participa- plays an important role. Since May 4th, as many as three cor- tion. On July 7th, 2008, Cyrill Eltschinger, former Chairman of porate members of SwissCham, two of which used to be on SwissCham China carried the torch in Lanzhou (Gansu Province SwissCham's Board of Directors, carried the torch on Chinese in Northwest China). He described the relay to a Swiss newspa- soil, passing on the flame and the Swiss spirit to the general per that followed him: "The local crowds were quite surprised to public. see a white European carrying the Olympic torch. They cheered and applauded, offering a lot of support The Torch Relay to me. I shall never forget this moment, The 2008 Olympic Torch Relay in which shows the authentic Olympic spir- China started on May 4th, 2008 in Sanya, it." a picturesque city on the tropical island of On the same day, July 7th, 2008, Hainan in southern China. Olivier Glauser, Swiss national Carlos Cardenas, Vice a former member of the Board of Swiss- President of Omega China, carried the Cham Beijing, proudly carried the torch as torch in Lanzhou. He had the lucky num- the 100th torchbearer. ber 8. "I am very glad to be the torchbearer On July 31st and August 7th, two in the ¿rst torch relay in China", said Ol- other representatives from Swatch ivier Glauser. "I used to be the Secretary Group, Stephen Joseph Duff Urquhart, General in SwissCham, and I still recall President of Omega International and those days from time to time. SwissCham Nicolas Hayek, CEO of Swatch Group, works closely with local communities in will bear the torch in Tangshan (Hebei) Cyrill Eltschinger paid a visit to SwissCham China, and functions as a bridge to en- and Beijing. Beijing's Of ce hance mutual understanding between ¿ 94 ൶ᇘႎ࿕! Regional News Chamber News ฆࣷᄲ࿕ University of International Business and April 16, 2008 – Inter-Chamber Network- Economics with a Master of Business Ad- 3 ing Executive Changes ministration and speaks Chinese, English 100 guests joined us for the Inter-Chamber Early summer has been a period of tran- and French. Networking in April, organized by Swiss- sition for the staff of SwissCham Beijing. Cham Beijing, the Italian Chamber of Com- ᄲ࿕ merce and the Canada China BusinessۯBetween May and August, three new Events Review ऄ interns have joined the team: Yvonne Council at Zeta Bar in Hilton Hotel. Feng, student at Beijing Normal Univer- April 4 to April 6, 2008 – SwissCham Bei- sity replaces CHEN Jun as Membership 1 jing at the Expat Show Beijing Officer; Miranda Zhang, student at the SwissCham Beijing had a booth at the University of International Business and first Expat Show Beijing, presenting the Economics, was appointed Project Offi- chamber’s services, activities, and publi- cer for the Olympics Special Publication; cations to interested visitors. and finally, Violette Qin, student at the Central University of Finance and Eco- nomics, took over the position of Desk Officer and is also responsible for the implementation of the Committees. Yvonne Feng ᇕ April 9, 2008 – Business Golf Network- 2 ing Event Miranda Zhang SwissCham Beijing and other chambers ᓴᅛ亲 of commerce invited their members for SwissCham Beijing’s new interns Yvonne a game of golf accompanied by profes- Feng (Membership Officer) and Miranda sional instructions and a unique network- Zhang (Olympic Project Officer) during ing atmosphere at ‘‘Bayhood No.9’’ golf registrations course. The event was organized by Peach International. Violette Qin ⾺乤 MENG Lei ᄳ㭒 Stephen Knippenberg (Commune by the Paul Jiang (Anjin & Partners, middle) and new Great Wall) with Laurel Yang (PCCW) member Stephen Hu (Pöyry, right) exchanging business cards ,QDGGLWLRQ2I¿FH0DQDJHU$QQD'RQJ Ruf left the Chamber to dedicate more time to her family. Anna was highly ap- preciated by her colleagues and the Board of Directors. After more than one \HDURIKDUGZRUNKHUSUR¿FLHQF\ZLOOEH a loss for everyone. We wish Anna plenty of success in her future challenges and welcome at the Laura Hilber and Elsie Muellers (Credit same time MENG Lei to take over her Suisse) with Christian Wesse (Turntown) position. MENG Lei graduated from the Introductory course for beginners 95 Hong Kong 佭␃ Guangzhou ᑓᎲ Shanghai Ϟ⍋ Beijing ࣫Ҁ Regional News (From left to right): Nathalie Aniel (General (General Aniel Nathalie right): to left (From the Today Museum. Art land totheopeningofhisexhibitionat Swiss communityandfriendsofSwitzer- the SwissEmbassyandSSBinvited Pfund, supportedbySwissChamBeijing, Famous SwissdesignerandartistRoger 5 China. fully setupandrunane-businessin joined ustohearabouthowsuccess- guests 40 leader,Group. About Alibaba President ofChina’s largeste-commerce special speakerPorterErisman,Vice Chamber co-organizedthisseminarwith SwissCham BeijingandtheFrench 4 96 Manager, CCIFC), Matthieu Cambounet (CEO, (CEO, Cambounet Matthieu CCIFC), Manager, Crystal Science & Technology), Dr. Stéphane Stéphane Dr. Technology), & Science Crystal Grand (Managing Partner, S.J. Grand), Porter Porter Grand), S.J. Partner, (Managing Grand Erisman (Vice President, Alibaba Group), Group), Alibaba President, (Vice Erisman Chen Yu Xing (Board Member, SwissCham SwissCham Member, (Board Xing Yu Chen Beijing), and Michaela Scarpatetti (Executive (Executive Scarpatetti Michaela and Beijing), Director, SwissCham Beijing) SwissCham Director, in China April 28,2008–SeminaronE-Business Roger Pfund’s Exhibition May 15,2008–SwissCommunityDayat ൶ᇘႎ࿕ Jürg Burri (Minister and Deputy Head of Mis- of Head Deputy and (Minister Burri Jürg and Media Culture, of (Head Billeter Terence Hofmann Eliane with (UBC) Frick Gotthard Louis Palmer demonstrating features of the the of features demonstrating Palmer Louis arrival inBeijingattheWRSA Courtyard. ception ontheoccasionofSolar Taxi SwissCham attendedtheEmbassy’s Re- arrival inBeijingattheWRSA Courtyard. ception ontheoccasionofSolar Taxi SwissCham attendedtheEmbassy’s Re- 6 Environment Section of the Embassy of Swit- of Embassy the of Section Environment sion of the Embassy of Switzerland) during his his during Switzerland) of Embassy the of sion Beijing) (Swissôtel Solar Taxi. Solar zerland) welcoming Louis Palmer, driver of the the of driver Palmer, Louis welcoming zerland) welcome words. welcome Solar Taxi. Solar Solar Taxi inBeijing 0D\±2I¿FLDO5HFHSWLRQRIWKH MCs Jack Sheppard (New Zealand Embassy) Embassy) Zealand (New Sheppard Jack MCs Orches- Symphony (Beijing Wrobleski Micky comed 30oftheirmembersandfriends Hotel. sponsored bytheRenaissanceBeijing RMB. The venueandallF&Bwerekindly the RedCrosscollectednearly150,000 talked aboutthesituationinSichuan,and IURPWKHRI¿FLDO0RXQWDLQ5HVFXH7HDP Beijing SymphonyOrchestra.Guests H¿WFRQFHUWLQLWLDWHGE\PXVLFLDQVRIWKH SwissCham Beijingsupportedthisben- 7 Media Count)attheCapitalClub. to thispresentationbyMikeUnderhill (All SwissCham BeijingandBenChamwel- 8 and Lu Yan (Beijing Joy FM Radio) FM Joy (Beijing Yan Lu and guests the welcoming tra) Victims oftheEarthquakeinSichuan May 26,2008–BenefitConcertforthe Challenges inChina May 30,2008– Advertising andMedia ൶ᇘႎ࿕! Regional News Kylie Kwok (PwC) during her presentation June 17, 2008 – Francophone Inter- June 25, 2008 – International Interns 9 Chamber Networking 10 and Young Professionals Evening SwissCham Beijing’s first Francophone Already for the 4th time, Hutong School, networking event in over a year attracted SwissCham, BenCham and the newly 50 members and friends, joined by more joined Young French Chamber (JCI) than 50 guests from the French Cham- brought together more than 40 of Beijings ber, the Canada-China-Business Council interns and young professionals who had and the Benelux Chamber of Commerce. the chance to extend their networks and to meet other young professionals from around the globe at Club Obiwan. Claudia Masüger (MQ Wines), Irene Frei (Embassy of Switzerland) and Samuel Fischer (UBS) after the seminar SwissCham Beijing’s new Office Manager 0HQJ/HLDQGQHZ'HVN2I¿FHU9LROHWWH4LQ Hector, student at Hutong School, with Laura and Sezen from BenCham Einat Tzur (left) and Mickey Mushinsky (right) from Israel-China Chamber of Commerce with Andrea Jacomelli from Nespresso and Sezen from BenCham From left to right): Judy Chang and Jean- François Crignac from CIMCO with Laurianne Gidrol and Sophia Zhang from CISB June 26, 2008 – Breakfast Seminar 11 ‘‘The New Enterprise Bankruptcy Law’’ 25 members and friends joined us for this insightful seminar at the Capital Club, organized in co-operation with the Italian Chamber. 97 Hong Kong 佭␃ Guangzhou ᑓᎲ Shanghai Ϟ⍋ Beijing ࣫Ҁ Regional News No.24 DongsiShitiao,ChaoyangDistrict, Website/ Fax/ Tel/ Postcode/ Website/ Fax/ ഄഔ Tel/ Postcode/ ᅝ∌ὐ ഄഔ ॺ ഄഔ ৡ⿄ jing sanhuan Road,ChaoyangDistrict,Bei- Address: 1DongfangRoad,NorthDong- Company: Mr. DirkPRIGOL ৡ⿄ Dongcheng District,Beijing Tower E3,No.1EastChang'an Avenue, Address: Level16,Ernst& Young Tower, Company: Mr. Andreas M.BODENMANN ৡ⿄ ྦྷၬ۬ Beijing Company: Ms. XiaodongWANG Members Corporate Website/ Fax/ Tel/ Postcode/ drs:Ro 2,5/F, QingLanPlaza, Address: Room527, 98 5 ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 ሖ ⬉䆱 Ӵⳳ Ӵⳳ Ӵⳳ : : : : : : ࣫ҀᏖᳱ䰇ऎϰϝ⦃࣫䏃ϰᮍ䏃 ࣫ҀᏖϰජऎϰ䭓ᅝ㸫 ๗ཀୄฆ୫णཷ تҾᆦࣷऺ๚ခԛӸ๚ ی৶ܙԛထܻ 527 ࣫ҀᏖᳱ䰇ऎϰಯकᴵ 8 056 5234 : +86105865 8 051 3597 : +86105815 : +861051296988 㔥ഔ 㔥ഔ 㔥ഔ 8 066 3073 : +86106465 : +86105811 4597 : +861084040090 16 New Members ᅸ 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 Hilton Beijing Ernst & Young HuaMing Dragon DuCiel ሖ : www.hilton.com : http://www.ey.com/china : www.dragonduciel.ch : 100027 : 100738 : 100007 ! ᮄӮਬ 1 ൶ᇘႎ࿕ 24 োϰᮍᑓഎ ো䴦㪱 1 ো SOHO, 39MiddleDongsanhuan Road, Address: Room2004,Building 5,Jianwai Fax/ Tel/ Postcode/ Website/ ਖ਼ District, Beijing 8 NorthDongsanhuanRoad,Chaoyang Company: Mr. DirkMEISSNERڤ ⿄ဂ Street, XichengDistrict,Beijing Address: Building23,85A Tonglinge sulting Company, Ltd. Company: Mr. DavidJACOBSON ৡ⿄ ଠႪඪ Address: RoomD,3/F, BuildingNo.1, master distributor, China) Company: Mr. EricLIN Fax/ Tel/ Postcode/ ॺ ഄഔ ࠅິ ৡٳৡ⿄ ᄘ Chaoyang District, Beijing Company: Mr. Ronald SZYPURA Postcode/ ഄഔ ഄഔ Website/ Fax/ Tel/ Website/ Address: Unit330.Landmark Tower II, 543 XinhuaRoad,Shanghai ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 Ӵⳳ Ӵⳳ Ӵⳳ : : II : : : : ࣫ҀᏖ㽓ජऎԳ味䯕䏃⬆ ฉ႑တጧკᆶ၌ࠅິ ฉ࡛ഋᦊঢ়ஹᆶ၌ࠅິ ᑻ Ϟ⍋Ꮦᮄढ䏃 үੀ႑တဣཥणׯरຍ ࣫ҀᏖᳱ䰇ऎϰϝ⦃࣫䏃 330 : +862162940690 : +861065907670 : +861066059202 㔥ഔ 㔥ഔ 㔥ഔ : +862162099143 : +861065907701 : +861066059194 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 Szypuraarchitects Mcon ChinaLtd. Shanghai HJCoffee(JURA’s SinoFile InformationCon- ᅸ : www.cn.jura.com : www.mcon.com.cn ZZZVLQR¿OHQHW : 200052 : 100004 : 100031 543 ো 1 োὐ 85 ( 8 ো 3 ԛ ো҂偀⊇ ὐ ,23 D োॺ ) ᑻ ᆶ၌ SOHO5 Website/ Fax/ Tel/ Postcode/ ॺ ഄഔ ৡ⿄ Beijing Jiuxianqiao Road,ChaoyangDistrict, Company: Mr. Andreas ThomasWECKHERLIN &RUSRUDWH$IÀOLDWH0HPEHUV ഄഔ Website/ ॺ ৡ⿄ ࢲۨׯ District, Beijing North DongsanhuanRoad,Chaoyang Address: Room809,Silver Tower, 2 Company Limited Company: Mr. StephenHU Fax/ Tel/ Postcode/ www.szypuraarchitects.com Website/ Tel/ Postcode/ ڤഄഔ ৡ⿄ ஆభ Address: Building3,UniversalPlaza,10 3 809 ⬉䆱 োὐ ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 Ӵⳳ Ӵⳳ : : : : : : טඔ Ԟ૧ Szypura ࣫ҀᏖᳱ䰇ऎϰϝ⦃࣫䏃 ᅸ ࣫ҀᏖᳱ䰇ऎ䜦ҭḹ䏃 ࣫ҀᏖᳱ䰇ऎϰϝ⦃Ё䏃 ・ োὐ : +861084347888 : +861064106552 : +861058698170 㔥ഔ 㔥ഔ 㔥ഔ : +861064389330 : +861064106548 ๏ઙ 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 ( ( ዐࡔ ԛ Nestlé (China)Ltd. Pöyry (Beijing)Consulting 2004 : www.nestle.com : www.poyry.com : ॺዾ๚ခ : 100016 : 100027 : 100022 ) ) ᆶ၌ࠅິ ጧკᆶ၌ࠅິ ᅸ 10 2 39 োᘦ䗮ᑓ োफ䫊 োᓎ ൶ᇘႎ࿕! Regional News May 10th, 2008 – Luncheon with Federal 1 Councilor Doris Leuthard On May 10th, the Consulate General of Switzerland in Shanghai together with SwissCham Shanghai, were honored to welcome the Swiss Minister of Economic Affairs, Madame Doris Leuthard, on her first official visit to Shanghai for a “meet and greet” reception and luncheon with representatives of the growing Swiss busi- ness community. On this occasion, more Federal Councilor Doris Leuthard with From left: Kuno Kohler (Ciba SC) and Richard than 50 CEO's and GM's gathered at the Christian Guertler (SwissCham Shanghai). Shentu (SGS) Le Royal Meridien. The Federal Councilor (who arrived in Shanghai on the inaugural 0D\WK±2I¿FLDO/DXQFK3DUW\RI GLUHFWÀLJKWRI6ZLVV$LU/LQHVWR6KDQJKDL 2 Direct Flights of Swiss Air Lines to Shanghai only a few hours ago) gave an overview on the Sino-Swiss bilateral economic rela- tions before facing up to a Q&A session with representatives of the Swiss busi- ness community to “feel their pulse”. To ¿QLVKRIIZLWKVRPHPRUHJRRGQHZVWKH announcement of Mr. Christian Guertler, President of SwissCham Shanghai, that Mrs. Leuthard accepted to become an From left: Stephan Titze (Syngenta), Siggi Foehn Honorary Member of SwissCham Shang- (Rieter), Daniel Heusser (Virtuarch), Michel hai (to be confirmed at the General As- Lehmann (SIM), Mireille Koenig (Fiducia), Chris sembly 2009) raised a spontaneous and Guertler (SwissCham), Federal Councilor Doris Swiss Chairman of the Board of Directors, hearty applause! Leuthard, William Frei (Consul General), Liv Rolf P. Jetzer, with crew members The cocktails were generously sponsored Minder (SwissCham). by the forwarding company Fracht, repre- sented by Mr. Patrick Scheibli, who is also President of the Swiss Club Shanghai. On behalf of SwissCham and the Consulate General – thank you very much, Patrick Scheibli, for your kind support! Also see interview with Doris Leuthard on page 50 in this issue. Federal Councilor Doris Leuthard with crew From left: Patrick Scheibli (Fracht), Federal members Councilor Doris Leuthard, Ruedi Steffen (MDC On May 10th, Swiss International Air Lines Daetwyler) held a big opening party on the banks of Huangpu river in Pudong on the occasion of the inaugural direct flight of Swiss to Christian Guertler (SwissCham Shanghai) and Shanghai. Special guest on board and at Federal Councilor Doris Leuthard the party was Federal Councilor Mrs. Do- ris Leuthard and Mr. Zhou Hanmin, Vice Chairman of CPPCC Shanghai Committee and Deputy Director General of the Bureau of Shanghai World Expo Coordination. On this occasion, Christian Guertler of SwissCham Shanghai congratulated Mr. Jetzer and Swiss to open up this important From right: Ambassador Monika Ruehl Burzi, direct flight which will support and facili- Christophe Hans (Chef d'information EVD), tate the Swiss-Chinese business relations Fabian Gull (SwissCham Shanghai) and tourism. Around 700 guests enjoyed Swiss Consul General William Frei cocktails, dinner and various performances 99 Hong Kong 佭␃ Guangzhou ᑓᎲ Shanghai Ϟ⍋ Beijing ࣫Ҁ Regional News 100 Read the interview with Swiss Chairman Chairman Swiss with interview the Read rwo h ws inaugural Swiss the of Crew (SwissCham) Guertler Christian left: From participants reflected onthesuccessof like previousCFORoundtables, the took placeattheSofitelHyland. Un- organized bySwissCham Shanghai, the FutureofCFORoundtable”, On May15th,the“Brainstorming on 3 touched. Rolf Jetzer, ChairmanofSwiss,visibly successful turnaroundofSwiss”,saidMr. tion portfoliomarksthe Pudong. “HavingShanghaiinourdestina- overlooking Huangpuriver, theBundand at animpressiveandprestigiousvenue took placeonawonderfulspringnight GUDJRQGDQFHWRIDEXORXV¿UHZRUNVZKLFK ranging fromthetradi Rolf Jetzer on page 54 page on Jetzer Rolf n huHni,Vc himno CPPCC of Chairman Vice Hanmin, Zhou and hnhiCmiteadDpt Director Deputy and Committee Shanghai eea fteBra fSaga World Shanghai of Bureau the of General xoCoordination. Expo May 15,2008–CFORoundtable in this issue. this in crowning ofour tional Chinese À gtt Shanghai. to ight ൶ᇘႎ࿕ ee u(Daetwyler Yu Helen Chu Sy Dindo (Givaudan), Probst Kaspar impressed by soaring inflationinrecent private equityinvestor, isbyfarless Boston Consultingadviser andnow the contrary, Mr. Tu Songhua,aformer think”. Whereasthesecond speaker, on more seriousthanmostpeople inChina ULVNVRIDVLWXDWLRQZLWKKLJKLQÀDWLRQDUH showed amorepessimisticpicture:“The Vice-President ofDeutsche BankChina, remains onahighlevel. Andreas Odrian, ZKHQLQÀDWLRQVOLJKWO\GHFUHDVHGEXWVWLOO China haveshowedanimpactthis April the steadilyincreasinginterestratesin QD±,QÀDWLRQ)RUWKH¿UVWWLPHLQ\HDUV rent hottesteconomicpolicyissueinChi- This luncheventwasfocusedonthecur- 4 versial issuesinaprivateenvironment. able groupaswelltodiscusscontro- exchange theirviewsinasmall,comfort- tors offoreigncompaniesinShanghaito build aplatformforCFOs/FinanceDirec- of SwissChamShanghaiaremeantto maceuticals China.CFORoundtables Chu, FinanceDirectorofRochePhar- discussions werefacilitatedbyDindoSy CFO Roundtabletothenextlevel. The and interactions,withaviewtotakethe to improvethequalityofpresentations previous roundtables,discussedideas Rce,KrnHg(M rvr)adRune and Grivory) (EMS Hug Karin (Roche), al Systems) + Cable ode (DKSH) Foldnes tion inChina 0D\±+RZWR&RSH:LWK,QÀD r Scheidegger Urs (Schindler) nra din(etceBank) (Deutsche Odrian Andreas acSde fAcm(middle) Adcom of Sidler Marc Songhua Tu invesor Private speakers: The Songhua Tu and (Jansen) Gressbach Christoph 5 Pudong. took placeattheGrandHyattHotelin says. The stimulatingeventdiscussion EHEHQH¿FLDOLILWGRHVQRWJRFUD]\´KH US and Asian economies.“Inflationcan as partofaprocesstorebalancethe WLPHV+HLVLQIDFWFRQVLGHULQJLQÀDWLRQ n nra din(etceBank) (Deutsche Odrian Andreas and - May 28th,2008-Trade Fair ൶ᇘႎ࿕! Regional News address On 28th of May, Swisscham Shanghai The first Young Professional Gathering - in cooperation with the CCBC and the organized by SwissCham Shanghai was Irish Business Forum - organized a Trade held on June 19th at “Abbey Road” in Fair at the Regent Hotel Shanghai. More Shanghai. Mr. Pascal Berger, a young than 30 companies and organizations Swiss architect, entrepreneur and co- joined the exhibition and took advantage founder of Playze, an architecture firm of this special possibility to showcase operating in Shanghai, Basel and Berlin, and demonstrate their products or ser- fascinated the participants with his views vices to a broad audience. on how to establish your own company in China. Young Professional Gatherings Liv Minder (SwissCham Shanghai) and of SwissCham Shanghai offer a network- Richard Choi (CanCham) ing platform for young professionals to discuss problems and share experi- July 3rd, 2008 - Interchamber Summer ences. Swisscham Shanghai is planning 8 Mixer to organize a monthly event and is also On the 3rd of July, AustCham and Swiss- offering a special membership for young cham arranged the Summer Inter Cham- professionals. ber Mixer. This event created networking opportunities for members of eighteen June 25th, 2008 – Risk Management international chambers of commerce in 7 With China’s maze of rules and regu- Shanghai to connect in an informal cock- lations and its constantly changing tax and tail setting. legal environment, foreign companies can lose sight of the risks connected to their China business operations. This is why SwissCham Shanghai, in cooperation with CanCham, organized a lunch meeting on “China Risks - How to identify, manage and avoid them” at the Longemont Hotel in Shanghai. Kevin Chan and Mireille Koenig, both Senior Consultants at Fidu- cia Management Consultants lead with June 19th, 2008 - Young Professional their presentations through this interesting 6 Gathering luncheon. Swisseau team. From left: Manuel Staerkle, Nicole Wang, Oliver Kay From left: Lukas Zuest (Wenfei), speaker Kevin Chan (Fiducia Management Consultants) Pascal Berger (Playze), Florian Luethi Alfred Schenk (Zueblin) Mireille Koenig (middle) during her introductory From left: Ina Wu, Rachel lcantara (Swissotel), 101 Hong Kong 佭␃ Guangzhou ᑓᎲ Shanghai Ϟ⍋ Beijing ࣫Ҁ Regional News 102 ednn ilnti Gra Chamber) (German Pillenstein Ferdinand F Te Postco ഄഔ˖Ϟ⍋Ꮦ⌺ϰᓴ∳㫵Ӻ䏃 Road, ZhangJiangHi-Tech ParkShanghai (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. Company: Xuan Liu F Tel/ Postcode/ CH-8008 ZurichSwitzerland Address: Muehlenbachstrasse43, Advisors (SIFA) GmbH Company: Diego MarioRovelli T Postcode/ Shanghai Fu Road,XinzhuangIndustrialPark, Company: Ricky Chan ഄഔ Yuyuan Road,Jing An District,Shanghai Address: Room2905,No.168-172 KDL5HSUHVHQWDWLYH2I¿FH Company: Heinz D'Arsié Members Corporate Fax/ Fax/ Tel/ Postcode/ Address: RoomH,5/F, No.780CaiLun Address: No.4Building,879Shen el/ ax/ ax/ l/ ⬉䆱˖ ⬉䆱˖ ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 Ӵⳳ˖ Ӵⳳ˖ Ӵⳳ Ӵⳳ : Ϟ⍋䴭ᅝऎᛮು䏃 de/ : +862162499527 : +862154429316 e Member New : +862154429306 : +862162499580 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 4 4228115 252 44 +41 +862151370998 BelimedMedicalEquipment Lenzlinger SonsLtd.Shang- Swiss Insurance&Financial Steiger (China)Co.,Ltd. +862151370996 4 4228115 252 44 +41 CH-8008 : 20120 : : 200072 : 200040 3 168-172 ႎࣷᇵ 780 ൶ᇘႎ࿕ ো ো 2905 5 ὐ H ᅸ ᑻ Fax Te Pos ሖ Fa T Postc ഄഔ Co. Ltd. Postcode/ Fax/ Tel/ ഄഔ˖Ϟ⍋ᵒ∳ऎ⇥Ⲟ䏃 Shanghai A, MinyiRoad201,SongjiangDistrict, Company: Andries Diener Associate Members: Corporate Company: Zhenyu Li ഄഔ˖Ϟ⍋Ḗㅤ䏃 House, 69GuiQingRoad,Shanghai Address: G/F, No.24FactoryBuilding (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. Company: Shelly Liu ഄഔ˖Ϟ⍋Ꮦ⽣ජ䏃 Cheng Road,Shanghai Company: Luciano Poli Tel/ Postcode/ Address: No.40Wenshui RoadShanghai Address: Building30.2ndFloor, Section Address: 24F, Aurora Plaza,99Fu el/ A l/ x/ ⬉䆱˖ ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱˖ ऎ / tcode/ Ӵⳳ˖ Ӵⳳ˖ Ӵⳳ : ode/ Ϟ⍋Ꮦ≊∈䏃 : +862156650991 : +862138961665 : +862156652797 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 +8 +86216 EROWA Technology Dow Chemical +86 +8 Baumer (China)Co.,Ltd. Schindler (China)Elevator 6 2167687095 6 2167687098 201612 : 200233 : : 200072 : 200120 2164850119 69 8 5028 485 40 99 োˈ ো ো䳛ᮺॺ 201 24 োॖ᠓ ো 30 োὐѠ 2 ὐ Te Fa Postco Fa ഄഔ˖Ϟ⍋Ꮦ℺་䏃 Changning District,200050Shanghai Address: Building A, NO.49Wuyiroad, ing Company: LiLy Zhang Te Postc Fa Te Postco CH-8122 BinzSwitzlerland Address: InderWeid 17,Postfach19, Company: Philipp Wuest Individual Membership ὐˈ ഄഔ˖Ϟ⍋ᏖफҀ㽓䏃 No. 1366NanjingRoad,Shanghai Address: Room4104, Tower II,Plaza66, Co., Ltd. Company: Christine Zhang Fax/ Tel/ Postcode/ ഄഔ Shanghai East Road, Yangpu District,200433 Address: Room551,No.800Guoshun Co.,Ltd. Company: Jungjun Zhang Fax/ l/ l/ l/ x/ x/ x/ ⬉䆱˖ ⬉䆱˖ ⬉䆱˖ ⬉䆱 Ӵⳳ˖ Ӵⳳ˖ Ӵⳳ˖ Ӵⳳ Ӵⳳ 4104 : ode/ Ϟ⍋Ꮦ乎ϰ䏃 de/ de/ : +862155062530/31/32 : +862155062533 : +862158408221 ᅸ 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 䚂㓪 +86 +862162 4 4 +41 Charmer BusinessConsult- BraineX ConiExecutiveConsulting Brugg-Cabels (Shanghai) +86 +86 +4 448262883 1 2151552000 200040 : :2000 :CH-8 : 200433 215118 0820 21 62887933 4 8262882 88 7793 49 50 122 800 1366 ো A োѨὐ ᐶ োᘦ䱚ᑓഎ CBC 551 ὐ ᅸ II ൶ᇘႎ࿕! Regional News Board Member 2008 Director Deputy Consul General Mr. Markus Muecke of Switzerland President Mr. Johann U Mueller Mr. Serge G. Fafalen Auditors Director, Young Mr. Ruedi Bischof Professional Representative Auditors Vice President Mr. Benjamin Mueller- Mr. Silvan Colani Mr. Enzo Cunico Rappard ᄲ࿕ۯEvents Review ऄ April 14, 2008 - Monthly Luncheon with Director 1 the Swiss Association of Hong Kong and Ms. Susanne Sahli Swiss Public Affairs Association 6ZLVV3XEOLF$IIDLUV$VVRFLDWLRQDQRI¿FLDO Treasurer delegation from Switzerland composed of Mr. Stephan Lickert DQXPEHURIKLJKSUR¿OHSROLWLFLDQVH[HFX- tives and academics visited Hong Kong on April 14. They had a breakfast seminar with Dr. Hans J. Roth, Consul General of Switzerland in Hong Kong followed by the Director monthly luncheon with Swiss Chamber Mr. George J von and Swiss Association Hong Kong at The Director Burg II Hong Kong Club. Dr. Paul Aenishaenslin, Mr. Gerard Dubois Farner Consulting Ltd and Mrs. Gabri- ela Winkler, Member of the Parliament in Canton Zurich presented “Reflections on changes in the political landscape of Switzerland”. This was a good opportunity for the participants to be updated on the Editor recent political changes in Switzerland Ms. Linda Yau and their personal assessment of the new Director political landscape. Mr. Ivo A. Hahn Secretary General Ms. Irene Lo Director Ms. Galina Lui Hans J. Roth (Consul General of Switzerland in Hong Kong) made the breakfast presenta- tion on managing business in China Consulate General of Switzerland Mr. Hans J. Roth, 103 Hong Kong 佭␃ Guangzhou ᑓᎲ Shanghai Ϟ⍋ Beijing ࣫Ҁ Regional News 104 (Left): Hans R. Kunz (Former President of of President (Former Kunz R. Hans (Left): Ltd) Consulting (Farner Aenishaenslin Paul Parliament the of (Member Winkler Gabriela Hong Kong’s past. lunch andaninterestingpresentationon May 5.Participantsenjoyedthedelicious and themes”atthemonthlyluncheonon Walker’: heritageinHongKong,issues writer, presented“Observationsofa‘Street Mr. JasonWordie, alocalhistorianand 2 Swiss Chamber Hong Kong) and (Right) Al- (Right) and Kong) Hong Chamber Swiss political the on presented Zurich) Canton in fred Mueller (President of SPAG) and other other and SPAG) of (President Mueller fred Switzerland in changes members of the delegation the of members Swiss Association ofHongKong May 5,2008-MonthlyLuncheonwiththe ൶ᇘႎ࿕ Jason Wordie (Speaker) Wordie Jason of (President Muecke Markus Right): (From Schae- Kurt Peyer, Anna-Marie left): (From (From right): Hans R. Kunz (Former President President (Former Kunz R. Hans right): (From Swiss Association Hong Kong) introduced Ja- introduced Kong) Hong Association Swiss and Ltd (Systems) Guardian Universal of rer of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong) conducted conducted Kong) Hong Chamber Swiss of son Wordie (Speaker) Wordie son Cherubini Guido the question and answer session for Jason Jason for session answer and question the Wordie (Speaker) (Speaker) Wordie Board Meeting Board (Left to right): Walter Marthaler of Ricola (Asia- Ricola of Marthaler Walter right): to (Left of (President Fafalen G. Serge right): (From project. Chamber HongKongandSwiss Trainee expectationtowardsSwissmember’s to aforumdiscussiononthetopicsof After themeeting,memberswereinvited and newboardmemberswereelected. Club. All agendapointswereapproved cocktail onMay30at The HongKong Annual GeneralMeetingandnetworking Members wereinvitedtoattendthe25th 3 Pacific) Ltd, Enzo Cunico and George von von George and Cunico Enzo Ltd, Pacific) the presented Kong) Hong Chamber Swiss Burg II of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong Hong Chamber Swiss of II Burg Presi- (Former Kunz R. Hans to gift farewell dent of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong) Hong Chamber Swiss of dent ing oftheSwissChamberHongKong May 30,2008-25th Annual Generalmeet- ൶ᇘႎ࿕൶ᇘႎ࿕! RegionalReginal NewsNews for this joint chamber luncheon on June 5 at The Hong Kong Club. This luncheon was co-hosted by Chambers of Dan- ish, Dutch, France, German, Norwegian and Singapore. It was full house with over 90 participants. Dr. Roth presented “Managing Business in China”. During the presentation, Dr. Roth concentrated essentially on intercultural questions in business and management. As Dr. Roth (Left to right): Hans R. Kunz (Former Presi- (From left): Niklaus Dali and Serge G. Fafalen has just published two books, “Manag- dent of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong), Susanna (President of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong) ing China” and “Leitfaden China” relating Lung (Commence Co Ltd) and Gisela Prein- to this topic, a lot of participants were falk (The Hong Kong Delivery Company Ltd) delighted to have the opportunity to pur- chase these books after the presentation. Markus Muecke (President of Swiss Associa- tion Hong Kong) made the introduction (Left to right): Kilian Reber (Young Profes- sional Member), Benjamin Mueller-Rappard (Director, Young Professional Representative (From left): Guenther Rittner (President of of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong), Susanne German Chamber Hong Kong), Hans J. Roth Sahli (Director of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong) (Consul General of Switzerland in Hong Kong) and Gabin Meier (True Colours Ltd) and Serge G. Fafalen (President of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong) (From left): Paul Kember and Johnny Kember (Speakers) \ Discussion Forum Serge G. Fafalen (President of Swiss Cham- June 2, 2008 - Monthly Luncheon with ber Hong Kong) made the introduction 4 the Swiss Association of Hong Kong Twins Mr. Johnny Kember and Mr. Paul Kember of K plus K Associates (a Hong .RQJDUFKLWHFWXUH¿UP ZHUHLQYLWHGWREH the speakers on June 2 at the monthly (From left): Serge G. Fafalen (President of luncheon. During the presentation, par- Swiss Chamber Hong Kong) conducted the ticipants learned how to make a differ- question and answer session for Johnny Kem- ence to the environment by building a ber and Paul Kember (Speakers) Zero Energy house. June 5, 2008 - Joint Chamber Luncheon 5 with Dr. Hans J. Roth Hans J. Roth (Speaker) gave the presentation Swiss Chamber Hong Kong invited Dr. Hans J. Roth (Consul General of Swit- zerland in Hong Kong) to be the speaker 105 Hong Kong 佭␃ Guangzhou ᑓᎲ Shanghai Ϟ⍋ Beijing ࣫Ҁ Regional News 106 Hans J. Roth (Speaker) answered questions questions answered (Speaker) Roth J. Hans in theaffordable luxuryindustry. few Chineseinternationalbrand owners ¿OOHGLWVYLVLRQWREHFRPHRQHRIWKH¿UVW value chainandhasprogressively ful- company hasgraduallydeveloped its participants learnedhowthisChinese cess ofHembly”.Duringthebreakfast, )URPZRUNPDQVKLSWRÀDJVKLS 7KHVXF From factoryhallstoshoppingmalls, Limited) presented“Fromdetailstoretail, man ofHemblyInternationalHoldings dents’ Club.Mr. Billy Yan Yu Ngok(Chair- on June18at The ForeignCorrespon- This jointChamberBreakfastwasheld 8 “Transportation”. cussion withthepanelistontopicof the presentation,membersengageddis- loch MooneyofSCA Publications. After Brown of The MVA GroupandMr. Tur- Frommer ofMTRCorporation,Mr. Fred enjoyed thepresentationofDr. Glenn on June 12 atClubLusitano.Members This jointChamberluncheonwasheld 7 to winattractiveluckydrawprizes. pants attended.Participantshadachance Earthquake. There wereover400partici and UNICEFforvictimsoftheSichuan would gotoInterChamScholarshipFund porting aworthwhilecause.Netproceeds at aninformalcocktailsetting,whilesup- the 27InternationalChamberstoconnect opportunity formembersofallages Kong. This eventcreatedanetworking June 11 atClubJJ’s ofGrandHyattHong Swiss ChamberHongKongwasheldon ecting PeopleCocktailco-organizedby The 5thInternationalChamberConn- 6 raised by the participants participants the by raised with Mr. Jonathan Anderson June 12,2008-JointChamberLuncheon with Mr. Billy Yan Yu Ngok June 18,2008-JointChamberBreakfast ber ConnectingPeopleCocktail June 11, 2008-5thInternationalCham- ൶ᇘႎ࿕ - - (From left): Billy Ngok (Speaker) and Hans- and (Speaker) Ngok Billy left): (From Cham- Swiss of (Editor Yau Linda left): (From Cham- Swiss of General (Secretary Lo Irene Billy Ngok (Speaker) made the presentation the made (Speaker) Ngok Billy Peter Naef (German Swiss International International Swiss (German Naef Peter (Speaker) Ngok Billy and Kong) Hong ber Kong) Hong ber School) no. (852)25226956;email:admin@ zerland in1924,hasbeenprovidingthe d'Ache atIFCMall,HongKong. opening ofthenewboutique ofCaran ception wasorganizedtocelebrate the years. OnJune12,2008,a cocktail re- instruments andaccessories for over80 world withthemostprestigiouswriting Caran d'Ache (HKSI) inSha Tin andBeasRivervenue. venues –theHongKongSportsInstitute movements insidethetwocompetition planning andimplementationaswell of servicesincludesthevenuelogistics The HongKongJockeyClub. The scope Games –HongKongEquestrianEventsby 2008 BeijingOlympicandParalympic nominated aslogisticsproviderofthe Schenker International(HK)Ltd Olympic PublicationinHongKong. Magazine andMembershipDirectory/ sor forthedeliveryservicesofBridge Hong KongDeliveryCo.,Ltd http://www.zurichintsolutions.com http://www.zurichintlife.com website: 34057268 New Fax:+852 34057101 New Tel: +852 Kong 18 Westlands Road,IslandEast,Hong New Address: 24/F, OneIslandEast, Zurich InternationalLifeLtd swisschamhk.org Irene Loattelno.(852)25240590,fax For detailsofevents,pleasecontactMs. Monday ofeachmonth. Association isusuallyheldonthefirst Joint MonthlyLuncheonswiththeSwiss revenues willbegiventowardscharity. a luckydrawwithattractiveprizesandall to commemoratethisevent. There willbe who arewelcometobringalongfriends to allmembersoftheSwisscommunity Hong Kong.Invitationswillbesentout Valley ClubHouse,ShanKwongRoad, Hong KongJockeyClubintheHappy will beheldon August 1,2008atthe Swiss NationalDayCelebrationDinner poigEvents Upcoming ebrNews Member http://www.zurichhkfunds.com , foundedinGeneva,Swit- ࣷᇵႎ࿕ ᇨߢۯऄ is the spon- was ൶ᇘႎ࿕൶ᇘႎ࿕! RegionalReginal NewsNews Farewell Party of Mr and Mrs Hans R Kunz Hans J Roth (Consul General of Switzer- land) held a farewell party for Ruth Kunz and Hans R. Kunz (Former President of Swiss Chamber Hong Kong) at his residence on June 2, 2008. Committee Members and their spouses of the Swiss Jimmy Chan Chamber Hong Kong and Swiss Associa- Company: RJP Ltd tion Hong Kong were invited. $GGUHVV 6XLWH2I¿FH7RZHU Langham Place, 8 Argyle Street, Mong Kok, Kowloon (From left): Hans R. Kunz and Hans J. Roth Tel/⬉䆱 : +852 2771 1762 Fax/Ӵⳳ : +852 8343 1802 Young Professional after-work cock- Email/⬉䚂 : [email protected] tail You are welcome to join our monthly Young Professional after-work cocktail with good old friends and nice new faces! The Swiss Young Professionals and their friends meet for a casual after-work cock- Group photo tail every first Thursday of the month. Mark Engler If interested please contact Benjamin Company: SCM Strategic Capital Man- Mueller-Rappard at [email protected]. agement Asia Ltd Address: Unit 7, 16F Cheung Kong Center, 2 Queen’s Road Central, Central, New Member ႎࣷᇵ Hong Kong Tel/⬉䆱 : +852 2297 2210 Corporate Members Fax/Ӵⳳ : +852 2297 2220 Email/⬉䚂 : [email protected] Website/㔥ഔ : www.scmag.com (From left): Hans R. Kunz, Irene Lo, Linda Yau, Galina Lui with her spouse Andrea Marco Benenati Company: Julius Baer (Hong Kong) Ltd Frank T. Filser Address: 18/F, Two Exchange Square, 8, Company: Asia-Suisse Medmat Ltd Connaught Place, Central, Hong Kong Address: Units D, 12/F, 9-23 Shell Street, Tel/⬉䆱: +852 2899 4788 Seabright Plaza, North Point, Hong Kong Fax/Ӵⳳ: +852 2899 4789 Tel/⬉䆱 : +852 6624 9797 Email/⬉䚂: [email protected] Fax/Ӵⳳ: +852 3153 2003 Website/㔥ഔ: www.juliusbaer.com Email/⬉䚂: IUDQN¿OVHU#VXLVVHPHGPDWFRP Website/㔥ഔ : www.suisse-medmat.com (From left): Linda Yau, Ruth Kunz, Irene Lo, Peter Frauchiger Anne-Marie Muel Company: Custom Products Ltd Ken Hui Address: 20F, Central Tower, 28 Queen's ler and Corinne Lang Company: Hong Kong Science & Tech- Road East, Central, Hong Kong nology Parks Corporation Tel/⬉䆱: +852 6022 5406 Address: 8/F, Bio-informatics Centre, Fax/Ӵⳳ: +852 2576 9833 No 2 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Email/⬉䚂: [email protected] Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong Tel/⬉䆱: +852 2629 6893 Individual Members Fax/Ӵⳳ: +852 2664 2481 Email/⬉䚂: [email protected] Christoph Aebischer Website/㔥ഔ: www.hkstp.org VP, Head of Siemens Building Technol- ogy (From left): Markus Muecke, Hans R. Kunz, Tel/⬉䆱: +852 2870 7888 / 9183 8328 Andrea Capol and Serge G. Fafalen Email/⬉䚂: [email protected] 107 Hong Kong 佭␃ Guangzhou ᑓᎲ Shanghai Ϟ⍋ Beijing ࣫Ҁ Regional News 108 Email/ Dagmar Winkler [email protected] Email/ Tel/ Hermine DeVliegher [email protected] Email/ Email/ Fax/ Tel/ Stefan Basler Young ProfessionalMembers Tel/ Bank (HK)Ltd Managing Director, StandardChartered Peter Chan ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 Ӵⳳ ⬉䚂 ⬉䚂 ⬉䚂 ⬉䚂 : +85293359401 : +85292361722 : +85228211575 8222 3244 : +8522524 : [email protected] : : [email protected] : : ൶ᇘႎ࿕ Email/ Tel/ Georgina Lee Email/ Tel/ Mauro Sciuchetti [email protected] ⬉䆱 ⬉䆱 ⬉䚂 ⬉䚂 :+85293767570 : +85290258617 : : [email protected] Friedrich von Amerling, Detail from “Princess Marie Franziska of Liechtenstein at the Age of Two“, 1836 © Collections of the Prince of Liechtenstein, Vaduz – Vienna, LIECHTENSTEIN MUSEUM, Vienna. www.liechtensteinmuseum.at SWISSINFO IS AT THE HOUSE OF SWITZERLAND IN BEIJING FROM AUGUST 8TH11TH 2008 JOIN US THERE! 2008ᑈ8᳜8᮹11᮹ ៥Ӏ࣫Ҁ⨲ሟ㹋ᖗᳳᕙԴⱘܝЈ!