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Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 27, folder “State Visits - Emperor Hirohito (1)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 27 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN ~ . .,1. THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN A Profile On the Occasion of The Visit by The Emperor and Empress to the United States September 30th to October 13th, 1975 by Edwin 0. Reischauer The Emperor and Empress of japan on a quiet stroll in the gardens of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Few events in the long history of international relations carry the significance of the first visit to the United States of the Em peror and Empress of Japan. Only once before has the reigning Emperor of Japan ventured forth from his beautiful island realm to travel abroad. On that occasion, his visit to a number of Euro pean countries resulted in an immediate strengthening of the bonds linking Japan and Europe. -
Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei
Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei By ©2016 Alison Miller Submitted to the graduate degree program in the History of Art and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko ________________________________ Dr. Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Dr. David Cateforis ________________________________ Dr. John Pultz ________________________________ Dr. Akiko Takeyama Date Defended: April 15, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Alison Miller certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko Date approved: April 15, 2016 ii Abstract This dissertation examines the political significance of the image of the Japanese Empress Teimei (1884-1951) with a focus on issues of gender and class. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Japanese society underwent significant changes in a short amount of time. After the intense modernizations of the late nineteenth century, the start of the twentieth century witnessed an increase in overseas militarism, turbulent domestic politics, an evolving middle class, and the expansion of roles for women to play outside the home. As such, the early decades of the twentieth century in Japan were a crucial period for the formation of modern ideas about femininity and womanhood. Before, during, and after the rule of her husband Emperor Taishō (1879-1926; r. 1912-1926), Empress Teimei held a highly public role, and was frequently seen in a variety of visual media. -
Poet Profiles His Imperial Majesty Emperor Akihito and Her Imperial Majesty Empress Michiko of Japan Ty Hadman
Poet Profiles His Imperial Majesty Emperor Akihito and Her Imperial Majesty Empress Michiko of Japan Ty Hadman Since 951 A.D., in the fifth year of Tenreki during the reign of Emperor Murakami, there has been held a ceremony, in the presence of the assembled high court of Japan, known as Utakai Shiki (Ceremony for Chanting Poetry). In spite of interruptions of wars and political variations of the powers of the clans to determine actual rulers of the country, the ceremony is still celebrated to this day. One of the sustaining facets of the ceremony is the fact that the Emperor and members of the Imperial Family each contribute their best poem of the year to be read before this distinguished audience. In order to fulfill this duty of office and to also present an elevated standard of proficiency, part of the education of princes and princesses, is to study the art of waka or tanka writing. The present Emperor of Japan, taken from his mother when he was three years old to be raised by tutors, chamberlains and nurses, was also given instruction in poetry writing. Even after becoming an adult, and still as His Imperial Highness, the Crown Prince, he continued to be instructed on tanka composition by Gotô Shigeru. In 1957, when the then Crown Prince Akihito was of an age to marry, he met, at a tennis match, Miss Michiko Shoda, the eldest daughter of the chairman of the Nisshin Flour Milling Company. She had just graduated, as valedictorian, from the Sacred Heart Women’s University, with a degree from the Department of Literature. -
Coal and Wood
KING AND CLOAK MODEL STEPS INTO VENUS’ SHOES, 30DICE, ETC., AND OF PORTUGAL CROWN - PRINCE HARRY THAW INSANE, FINDS A PERFECT FIT. KILLED BY BAND OF ASSASSINS IN MATTEAWAN 1 C. W. ENNIS & Co. -r- SUCCESSORS TO ENNIS ft PARKHURST Men Armed With Carbines Intercept Royal Carriage In Found Not Guilty of Murderinn Lisbon and Send Hail of Bullets Against White Because He Was Crazy. SOLE AGENTS FOR ROCKWELL PLASTER the Monarch and His Family. Telephone Call 104 SENT AT ONCE TO ASYLUM QUEEN AMELIE TRIES TO SHIELD THE CROWN PRINCE ■Jury Deliberated Twenty-five Hour.I and at First Stood Fight to Fou* For Acquittal—No Writ For Re. Prince Manuel, the Second Son, Nineteen Years Old, Who Has Now Become lease Yet. King, Wounded—Guards Kill Three ot the Hegicldes. New Torfc City.—After deliber- ating twenty-five hours the jury Lisbon, Portugal.—King Carlos anil and revolvers were made in the Uni- which tried Harry Kendall Thaw for ted the Crown Prince Luiz Philippe were States. the second time for the murder of King Carlos first understood the assassinated here at 5 o'clock In the Stanford White on Madison Squaro danger and arose. His stout figure Roof Garden on the of June afternoon as the King with the other made an easy target for the assass- night 25, members of the royal family had ar- ins, so many bullets struck him and 1906, returned to the courtroom with he fell rived from Villaviciosa, where they heavily to the carriage floor. a verdict acquitting the prisoner of The Queen sprang to her feet, had attended the fair in accordance the crime on the ground that he was threw an arm around the Crown insane when he shot White. -
Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS THE HIGH COST OF CHANGE Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms WATCH The High Cost of Change Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms Copyright © 2019 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-37793 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org OCTOBER 2019 ISBN: 978-1-6231-37793 The High Cost of Change Repression Under Saudi Crown Prince Tarnishes Reforms Summary ............................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ................................................................................................................7 To the Government of Saudi Arabia ........................................................................................ -
Why an American Quaker Tutor for the Crown Prince? an Imperial Household's Strategy to Save Emperor Hirohito in Macarthur's
WHY AN AMERICAN QUAKER TUTOR FOR THE CROWN PRINCE? AN IMPERIAL HOUSEHOLD’S STRATEGY TO SAVE EMPEROR HIROHITO IN MACARTHUR’S JAPAN by Kaoru Hoshino B.A. in East Asian Studies, Wittenberg University, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Pittsburgh 2010 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by Kaoru Hoshino It was defended on April 2, 2010 and approved by Richard J. Smethurst, PhD, UCIS Research Professor, Department of History Akiko Hashimoto, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology Clark Van Doren Chilson, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Religious Studies Thesis Director: Richard J. Smethurst, PhD, UCIS Research Professor, Department of History ii Copyright © by Kaoru Hoshino 2010 iii WHY AN AMERICAN QUAKER TUTOR FOR THE CROWN PRINCE? AN IMPERIAL HOUSEHOLD’S STRATEGY TO SAVE EMPEROR HIROHITO IN MACARTHUR’S JAPAN Kaoru Hoshino, M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2010 This thesis examines the motives behind the Japanese imperial household’s decision to invite an American Christian woman, Elizabeth Gray Vining, to the court as tutor to Crown Prince Akihito about one year after the Allied Occupation of Japan began. In the past, the common narrative of scholars and the media has been that the new tutor, Vining, came to the imperial household at the invitation of Emperor Hirohito, who personally asked George Stoddard, head of the United States Education Mission to Japan, to find a tutor for the crown prince. While it may have been true that the emperor directly spoke to Stoddard regarding the need of a new tutor for the prince, the claim that the emperor came up with such a proposal entirely on his own is debatable given his lack of decision-making power, as well as the circumstances surrounding him and the imperial institution at the time of the Occupation. -
Japan Imperial Institution: Discourse and Reality of Political and Social Ideology
Volume 3, Issue 10, October– 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Japan Imperial Institution: Discourse and Reality of Political and Social Ideology Reihani Suci Budi Utami I Ketut Surajaya Under graduate student Japanese Studies Program Professor of History, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities University Indonesia, Depok 16424, Japanese Studies Program Faculty of Humanities University Indonesia Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia Abstract:- This study discussed the position and role of state slogan Fukoku Kyouhei(Strong Military Rich State) the Emperor based on two Constitutions that have been proclaimed by Meiji government. and are in force in Japan, namely the Meiji Constitution and the 1947 Constitution. The focus of this study was to The Japan State Constitution, passed in 1946 and describe Articles governing the position and role of the implemented in 1947, was compiled during the American Emperor in Japanese government are implemented. The Occupation under General Douglas MacArthur. Democracy study found that articles governing the position of and peace were the ideological foundation of the 1947 Emperor in the Meiji Constitution were not properly Constitution. The Imperial Institution was separated from implemented due to military domination in the the State institutions that run the Government. The position government. Emperor Hirohito in reality did not have of the Emperor as symbol of State union shall not interfere full power in carrying out his functions according to the in administration affairs of the Government. institution. Articles governing the position and function of the Emperor in the 1947 Constitution are proper. In the Meiji Constitution, the Emperor was a Head of Emperor Hirohito, who was later replaced by Prince State who had wide prerogative rights. -
Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress and the Imperial Family
Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress and the Imperial Family Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan January 2021 1 【Contents】 1. The Emperor and the Imperial Family 2. Personal Histories 3. Ceremonies of the Accession to the Throne (From Heisei to Reiwa) 4. Activities of Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress 5. Imperial Palace ※ NB: This material provides basic information about the Imperial Family, which helps foreign readers understand the role and the activities of the Imperial Family of Japan. Cover Photo: Nijubashi Bridges spanning the moat of the Imperial Palace, Tokyo 2 1. The Emperor and the Imperial Family ⃝ The Emperor 【 Position】 1 The Emperor is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power (the Constitution of Japan, Article 1). 2 The Imperial Throne is dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet (Constitution, Article 2). 【 Powers】 1 The Emperor performs only such acts in matters of state as are provided for in the Constitution, and has no powers related to government (Constitution, Article 4(1)). 2 The Emperor's acts in matters of State (Constitution, Articles 6, Article 7, and Article 4(2)). (1) Appointment of the Prime Minister as designated by the Diet (2) Appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as designated by the Cabinet (3) Promulgation of amendments of the Constitution, laws, cabinet orders, and treaties (4) Convocation of the Diet (5) Dissolution of the House -
Japanese Monarchy: Past and Present Ben-Ami Shillony, Louis
Japanese Monarchy: Past and Present Ben-Ami Shillony, Louis Frieberg Chair in East Asian Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Will an empress save the Japanese monarchy? p.1 Antony Best, London School of Economics A royal alliance: Anglo-Japanese Court Relations, 1900-41 p.18 The Suntory Centre Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines London School of Economics and Political Science Discussion Paper Houghton Street No. IS/06/512 London WC2A 2AE November 2006 Tel: 020-7955-6699 Preface A symposium was held on 23 February 2006 in the Michio Morishima room at STICERD to discuss aspects of Japanese and British royalty. Professor Ben-Ami Shillony discussed the future succession to the Japanese throne in the light of the current debate about female succession, outlined in his recent book Enigma of the Emperors (Folkestone: Global Oriental, 2005). Dr Best analysed the changing Anglo-Japanese court relationship which had originally been underpinned by the Anglo-Japanese alliance but had become a secondary factor by the 1930s. November 2006 Abstracts Shillony: Paper examines how Japan’s imperial dynasty dependent on the male line of succession has lasted so long and analyses how it will overcome its present difficulties. An Advisory Panel was created to recommend future policy to the Koizumi cabinet but its report in 2005 was criticized. The impasse over the Panel’s report was broken by the birth of a son in September 2006 to Princess Kiko, wife of Prince Akishino. Best: Paper explains why the royal relationship with Japan became so important to Britain. During the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902-23), relations between the two Courts were cordial. -
Japanese Studies Review, Vol. XX (2016), Pp
ISSN: 1500-0713 ______________________________________________________________ Article Title: Performing Prayer, Saving Genji, and Idolizing Murasaki Shikibu: Genji Kuyō in Nō and Jōruri Author(s): Satoko Naito Source: Japanese Studies Review, Vol. XX (2016), pp. 3-28 Stable URL: https://asian.fiu.edu/projects-and-grants/japan-studies- review/journal-archive/volume-xx-2016/naito-satoko- gkuyojoruri_jsr.pdf ______________________________________________________________ PERFORMING PRAYER, SAVING GENJI, AND IDOLIZING MURASAKI SHIKIBU: GENJI KUYŌ IN NŌ AND JŌRURI1 Satoko Naito University of Maryland, College Park Introduction The Murasaki Shikibu daraku ron [lit. “Story of Murasaki Shikibu’s Fall] tells that after her death Murasaki Shikibu (d. ca. 1014) was cast to hell.2 The earliest reference is found in Genji ipponkyō [Sutra for Genji] (ca. 1166), which recounts a Buddhist kuyō (dedicatory rite) performed on her behalf, with the reasoning that the Heian author had been condemned to eternal suffering in hell for writing Genji monogatari [The Tale of Genji] (ca. 1008). Though Genji ipponkyō makes no explicit claim to the efficacy of the kuyō, its performance is presumably successful and saves the Genji author. In such a case the earliest extant utterance of the Murasaki-in-hell story is coupled with her subsequent salvation, and the Genji author, though damned, is also to be saved.3 It may be more accurate, then, to say that the Murasaki Shikibu daraku ron is about Murasaki Shikibu’s deliverance, rather than her fall (daraku). Through the medieval period and beyond, various sources recounted the execution of kuyō rites conducted for The Tale of Genji’s author, often initiated and sponsored by women.4 Such stories of Genji kuyō 1 Author’s Note: I thank those who commented on earlier versions of this paper, in particular D. -
“Heir of the Month”
January 2014 “HEIR OF THE MONTH” The Prince, the President and the Cholera Heidi Mehrkens One fine day back in April 1832, while staying in Paris, the German poet Heinrich Heine had the impression that writing was becoming an increasingly difficult task: “I felt much disturbed at work”, he wrote sarcastically in an article for the Augsburg Gazette, “mostly by the gruesome screaming of my neighbour who was dying of cholera.” The Parisian spring clearly was no romantic experience that year, neither for Heine nor for the other inhabitants of the capital - including the royal family. The “Citizen King” Louis-Philippe of Orleans who had come to power only two years previously after the 1830 Revolution, faced the severe task of calming a furious population struck by the cruel epidemic that had reached Paris end of March 1832. While thousands of people were dying at home and in the hospitals – according to official figures there were some 18,000 deaths – and uprisings were keeping the military in a high state of alert, the royal family stayed in Paris. This proof of sangfroid earned the dynasty respect even from the July Monarchy’s opponents, since many nobles had decided to get themselves out of harm’s way and head for the countryside. During the crisis, the royal family dedicated much of their time and a considerable amount of money to helping the persons affected by cholera. Queen Marie Amelie gave away waistbands she had sewn herself from flannel (a cure Heine also applied: “I am wrapped in flannel up to my neck and methinks I am cholera-proof now!”). -
A Comparative Study on Designating the Crown Prince of Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty
2021 5th International Conference on Education, Management and Social Science (EMSS 2021) A Comparative Study on Designating the Crown Prince of Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty Jun Feng School of History and Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Keywords: Emperor taizong of liao dynasty, Emperor taizong of jin dynasty, Designation of the crown prince Abstract: Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty; both gave up designating their sons as the crown prince. Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty relied on his mother to seize the inheritance rights. Under the pressure of the mother, he chose his younger brother as the heir. Although Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty continued the tradition of designating the younger brother as the crown prince in the early days, after the death of his brother, he chose the grandson of Emperor Taizu as the heir. This reflects that imperial clan struggle was a common phenomenon in the early days of the nomadic dynasty. 1. Introduction Yelu Deguang, Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty and Wanyan Sheng, Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty, were the second emperors of the Liao Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. Due to the different political situation in the early years of the two dynasties, there were differences of enthronement between Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty and Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty relied on the power of his mother to seize power, while Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty relied on Taizu's rule of designating the younger brother as the crown prince, but to a certain extent it also inspired the clan brothers to climb to the peak of power.