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Qualitative Analysis for Dynamic Behavior of Railway Ballasted Track

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Qualitative Analysis for Dynamic Behavior of Railway Ballasted Track Qualitative Analysis for Dynamic Behavior of Railway Ballasted Track vorgelegt von Dipl.-Ing. Jungyoul, Choi aus Seoul, Süd Korea Von der Fakultät V - Verkehrs- und Maschinensysteme der Technischen Universität Berlin Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften - Dr.-Ing. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Thorbeck (Vorsitzender) Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Jürgen Siegmann (Erstberichter) Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Danuta Bryja (Zweitberichterin) Tag der wissenschaftliche Aussprache: 06. Januar 2014 Berlin 2014 D 83 Qualitative Analysis for Dynamic Behavior of Railway Ballasted track By M.Sc. Jungyoul, Choi from Seoul, South Korea A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems Department of Track and Railway Operations - TU Berlin - Berlin - Germany TU Berlin (Berlin Institute of Technology) in Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of the Railway Engineering Approved Dissertation Promotion Committee: Chairman: Prof. Dr.–Eng. Jürgen Thorbeck (TU Berlin, Germany) Referee: Prof. Dr.–Eng. habil. Jürgen Siegmann (TU Berlin, Germany) Referee: Prof. Dr.–Eng. Danuta Bryja (TU Wrocaw, Poland) Day of scientific debate: 06 .01. 2014 Berlin 2014 D 83 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work could not have been completed without the support of a number of people to whom I am deeply grateful. I thank all of my Dissertation Committee members for their advice and suggestions. Especially to my supervisor, Prof. Dr.–Eng. habil. Jürgen Siegmann, I greately appreciate his excellent guidance, inspiration and supervision throughout this thesis; without his support, this thesis would not have been possible. I would also like to express my gratitude to my examiners, Prof. Dr.–Eng. habil. Danuta Bryja and Prof. Dr.–Eng. Jürgen Thorbeck, for their invaluable advice. All colleagues in the Department of Track and Railway Operations of TU Berlin, in particular Dr. Yin-Hung Lin, Dr. Mahmoud Mousa Ali, Dipl. Reinhold Wassmann and Dipl. Christian Weise for their encouragement and friendship. I truly appreciate the help and valuable research resource support I received from Prof. Yong-gul Park of Seoul National University of Science and Technology throughout this thesis. I am also thankful for the assistance with measurement from all colleagues in Seoul National Unisversity of Science and Technology. Finally, I want to extend my most gracious and special thanks to my family. Without their endless support, belief and encouragement, this could not have been completed. Jungyoul Choi January 2014 Technische Universität Berlin FG Schienenfahrwege und Bahnbetrieb TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... I ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... V KURZFASSUNG .......................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... VII LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... XII 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 2 FUNDAMENTAL INFORMATION OF TYPICAL BALLASTED TRACK - LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................... 5 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Components of ballasted track .......................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Rails .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2 Rail fastening systems ................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Sleepers ......................................................................................................... 9 2.2.4 Ballast ......................................................................................................... 10 2.2.5 Sub-ballast................................................................................................... 11 2.2.6 Subgrade ..................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Dynamics of rail pads ..................................................................................... 12 2.4 Dynamics of concrete sleepers ........................................................................ 13 2.5 Dynamics of railway tracks ............................................................................ 14 3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BALLASTED TRACK ......................................................................................... 21 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Mathematical models ...................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 General model ............................................................................................. 25 I Jungyoul Qualitative Analysis for Dynamic Behavior of Railway Ballasted Track 3.2.2 Track dynamics ........................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Vehicle and wheel–rail contact ................................................................... 29 3.3 Track support stiffness .................................................................................... 31 3.3.1 Definition and calculation theory ................................................................ 31 3.3.2 Simulation results of track support stiffness ............................................... 35 3.4 Track receptances ............................................................................................ 36 3.5 Modelling of in-situ ballasted track ................................................................ 40 4 FIELD MEASUREMENT FOR TRACK CONDITION ASSESSMENT ...... 44 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 44 4.1.1 Overview of test sites .................................................................................. 45 4.1.2 Field test method ......................................................................................... 47 4.2 Track condition assessment ............................................................................ 47 4.2.1 Good condition tracks ................................................................................. 50 4.2.2 Loosening fastener ...................................................................................... 53 4.2.3 Cracked sleeper ........................................................................................... 54 4.3 Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 55 5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRACK IMPACT FACTOR AND TRACK SUPPORT STIFFNESS........................................................................................ 57 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 57 5.2 Literature review of dynamic wheel load ....................................................... 58 5.3 Theoretical track support stiffness .................................................................. 62 5.4 Field measurements ........................................................................................ 63 5.4.1 Overview of test sites .................................................................................. 63 5.4.2 Dynamic track response measurement........................................................ 65 5.4.3 Field measurement results and analysis ...................................................... 68 5.5 Measured track support stiffness .................................................................... 71 5.6 Measured track impact factor .......................................................................... 74 5.7 Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 78 6 PREDICTION OF DISPLACEMENT ON BALLASTED TRACKS ............. 80 6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 80 II Technische Universität Berlin FG Schienenfahrwege und Bahnbetrieb 6.2 Theoretical background .................................................................................. 82 6.2.1 Wheel load equation ................................................................................... 82 6.2.2 Track impact factor ..................................................................................... 83 6.3 Field measurement .......................................................................................... 84 6.3.1 Overview of test sites .................................................................................. 84 6.3.2 Dynamic track response measurement........................................................ 86 6.3.3 Field measurement results ........................................................................... 87 6.4 Measured track impact factor .........................................................................
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